Central Adopted Core Strategy Local Development Framework July 2012

SOUTH RIBBLE BOROUGH COUNCIL forward with

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Prepared jointly for Preston City Council, South Ribble Borough Council and Council www.centrallancashire.com

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SOUTH RIBBLE BOROUGH COUNCIL forward with South Ribble Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 3

Foreword The Core Strategy (Local Plan) has been produced by the Central Lancashire authorities of Preston, South Ribble and Chorley, with assistance from Lancashire County Council.

The Core Strategy is a key document in Central Lancashire’s Local Development Framework. Its purpose is to help co-ordinate development in the area and contribute to boosting investment and employment. Above all it is a policy document and will encourage sustainable managed growth, whilst protecting and enhancing green spaces and access to open countryside, enhancing Central Lancashire’s character as a place with ‘room to breathe’.

The Core Strategy is part of an emerging statutory development framework for Central Lancashire. Additional documents are now being produced which outline more specific guidance on site allocations to prioritise and focus growth and development and at the same time identify those valuable green spaces to be protected from development.

The Core Strategy is a clear statement of the positive benefits of joint working in Chorley, South Ribble and Preston. It is a single strategy for Central Lancashire, and the Councils are committed to applying the policies consistently. Joint working makes sense because the three Districts have much in common, including their transport networks, and shared housing, employment and retail markets.

Whilst the Core Strategy sets out important principles about the management of development in Central Lancashire in the longer term, it is being issued at the time when the global economy has contracted. It is clear that Central Lancashire has much to contribute to the local and regional economy. The Core Strategy helps each Council to prepare for growth as pro-active development partners, and to respond positively to development proposals.

The Inspector’s Report May 2012 concludes that the Central Lancashire Publication Core Strategy Local Development Framework Development Plan Document (the Local Plan) provides an appropriate basis for the planning of Central Lancashire over the next 15 years provided that a number of modifications are made. The Councils are happy to incorporate the suggested modifications and they are now embodied into the document.

Councillor Peter Rankin Councillor Alistair Bradley Councillor Margaret Smith Preston City Council Chorley Council South Ribble Borough Council Foreword Page 4

Contents Page

Chapter 1: Introduction 8

Chapter 2: Context - Relevance of Other Plans 16 and Strategies

Chapter 3: Spatial Portrait - The Character of Local 26 Places and the Roles they Play

Chapter 4: Strategic Vision and Strategic Objectives 32

Chapter 5: Spatial Strategy - Managing and 38 Locating Growth

Chapter 6: Delivering Infrastructure 52

Chapter 7: Catering for Sustainable Travel 56

Chapter 8: Homes for All 66

Chapter 9: Delivering Economic Prosperity 82

Chapter 10: Achieving Good Design 100

Chapter 11: Health and Wellbeing 114

Chapter 12: Tackling Climate Change 124

Appendix A: Glossary of Terms 136

Appendix B: Strategic Sites Proposals Map Extracts 142

Appendix C: Superseded polices from Existing Local Plan 145

Appendix D: Performance Monitoring Framework 148 Policy 19:Areas ofSeparationandMajor Policy 18:Green Infrastructure Policy 17:DesignofNewBuildings Policy 16:HeritageAssets Policy 15:SkillsandEconomicInclusion Policy 14:Education Policy 13:RuralEconomy Policy 12:Culture andEntertainment Facilities Policy 11:RetailandTown Centre Usesand Policy 10:EmploymentPremises and Sites Policy 9:EconomicGrowth andEmployment Policy 8: Policy 7:Affordable andSpecialNeeds Policy 6:HousingQuality Policy 5:HousingDensity Policy 4:HousingDelivery Policy 3:Travel Policy 2:Infrastructure Policy 1:LocatingGrowth Policy: MP List ofPolicies Open Space Business BasedTourism Accommodation Travelling ShowPeople Gypsy andTraveller and Housing

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Page 17 109 105 104 102 98 96 95 92 91 88 87 79 78 74 72 71 64 55 50

Policy 31: Policy 30: Policy 29: Policy 28: Policy 27: Policy 26: Policy 25: Policy 24: Policy 23: Policy 22: Policy 21: Policy 20: Agricultural Land Air Quality Water Management Energy Schemes Renewable andLowCarbon Developments Sustainable Resources and New Crime andCommunitySafety Community Facilities Sport andRecreation Health Biodiversity andGeodiversity Landscape CharacterAreas and Access Countryside Management Page 134 133 132 129 128 122 121 120 119 113 111 110

Contents / List of Policies 5

Figure 19:KeyDiagram Figure 18:AllAge,CauseMortality, Middle Figure 17:TheDeterminantsofHealthand Figure 16:CentralLancashire Green Beltand Figure 15:Green Infrastructure Areas for Figure 14:Green Infrastructure KeyAssets Figure 13: Figure 12:HouseholdTenure inCentral Figure 11: Figure 10: Figure 9: Figure 8:TheInfluenceofSustainable Figure 7:TheFeatures ofCentralLancashire Figure 6:CentralLancashire inContext Figure 5:Lancashire inContext Figure 4:TheNorthWest inContext Figure 3:TheNorthofEnglandinContext Figure 2:Cross CuttingThemes Figure 1:Core StrategyPreparation Stages List ofFigures Strategy CommunityStrategiesontheCore and SouthRibble Super OutputAreas, Chorley, Preston Wellbeing inOurNeighbourhoods other CountrysideDesignations Improvement Central Lancashire RetailHierarchy Lancashire Central Lancashire Housing Trajectory (after demolitions) Lancashire 2003/04to2010/11 Housing CompletionsinCentral Central Lancashire MainTravel Flows Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Inside BackCover Pages 117 116 108 107 106 90 75 69 69 58 34 28 24 21 19 18 15 9 Table 5: Table 4: Table 3: Table 2: Table 1:Predicted Proportions ofHousing List ofTables Land 2010-2026 Proposed Provision ofEmployment Lancashire Housing Requirements inCentral (after demolitions) Lancashire 2003/04to2010/11 Housing CompletionsinCentral Methods ofTravel Proportions ofTrips byDifferent Development byLocation Pages 84 71 69 57 42

List of Figures / Tables 7 1

Introduction Central Lancashire. determining planningapplicationsandprioritiesfor in theCore Strategywillbetakentogetherin advantage ofopportunities.Thepoliciescontained Appraisal Report),meetlocalneedsandtakefull (for afullassessmentofthis,seetheSustainability investment shouldbelocatedsoastosustainable where majordevelopmentandotherformsof policies. Akeypartofthatdirection isestablishing the periodfrom 2010to2026, inlinewithnational overall strategicdirection for planningthearea over 1.4 ThepurposeoftheCore Strategyistosetthe Planning PolicyFramework. the LocalPlanfollowingguidanceinNational Council. Alloftheabovedocumentsnowcomprise withDarwen with BlackpoolCouncilandBlackburn Lancashire CountyCouncil ispreparing jointplans the responsibility ofLancashire CountyCouncil. minerals extractionandwastemanagementare that mustconformtotheCore Strategy. Plansfor will bepresented inSiteAllocations Documents where specificproposals andpolicieswillapply Development Framework.Identificationofsites 1.3 TheCore Strategyisa key partoftheLocal the Inspector’s final report inJune. three CouncilsinJuly2012followingthereceipt of 1.2 Thisisthefinalplanandwasadoptedby For fulldetailsseetheStatementofRepresentations. have, where appropriate, beentakenintoaccount. the Preferred Core Strategyintheautumnof2008 Later commentsmadeinresponse toconsultationon of theIssuesandOptionsstagesin20062007. community involvementexercises whichwere part Ribble andChorley. Itisfoundedontheinitial proposals forthecombinedarea ofPreston, South the CentralLancashire authorities’spatialplanning 1.1 ThisistheAdoptedCore Strategyandsetsout Introduction Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Figure 1:Core StrategyPreparation Stages 7 0 0 2 8 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 2 Preparation Stages oe Strategy Core Examination Submitted Issues and Issues and Published Options 2 Options 1 Preferred Adopted Consultation Engagement and

1. Introduction 9 Page 10

Why a Joint Core Strategy? 1.7 The following trends are likely to continue for at least the next 15 years or so that the Core Strategy 1.5 The Core Strategy covers the three local authority needs to plan for: districts of South Ribble, Chorley and Preston which • Population and household growth had an estimated combined population of 344,000 people in 2008. The combined area functions as one • An increasingly aged population as people integrated local economy and travel to work area. It live longer is a single housing market area; nearly 80% of house • The impacts of high levels of carbon dioxide in moves take place within it. It is appropriate and the atmosphere efficient to consider the similar issues facing Central Lancashire in a collaborative way and so better plan • Stricter environmental safeguards for the future of the area. • Improvements in home living conditions • People working longer to be financially secure What might the future hold? in retirement • A greater proportion of people acquiring 1.6 There are a number of well established national higher level skills and qualifications and local trends that are relevant to plan making. These are wide and various but all come within the • Fluctuating but generally increasing fossil fuel remit of spatial planning. The extent to which this prices Core Strategy can influence these trends will vary. • An increase in people travelling • Increasing globalisation of production and business services • Greater use of information and communications technologies • A widening of prosperity levels in rural areas • Increasing threats to biodiversity and built heritage underlining theneedtoplanwithflexibility. All thesetrends havedegrees ofuncertainty Reducingaffordability ofhousing • performance Risingstandards ofeducation/schools • Fallinglevelsofreported crimebutrising • Fallingparticipationinactivepursuits • Increasing obesity, alcoholanddrugabuse • Risingstandards ofhealthcare inlocalhospitals • to predict intothefuture: 1.9 Recenttrends thatare particularlydifficult Relativelyhighlevelsofunemployment • Reducedgrowth inconsumingexpenditure • Reducedpublicsectorexpenditure compared • Restrictedspeculativedevelopment • Limitedloanfinanceavailability • could lastforseveralyears: 1.8 Recentchangedcircumstances toemergethat Themotorway and keyrailroutes are heavily • RoadcongestionintoandoutofPreston is • Strategic ObjectivesoftheCore Strategy: need tobeaddressed andtheyhelptoinformthe well inrecent years,there are anumberofissuesthat fact thatthelocaleconomyhasperformedreasonably linked withurbangreen spaces.However, despitethe attractive mixofplacestoliveandcountrysidewell regional andnationaltransportroutes. Ithasan 1.10 Thearea iswelllocated andconnectedto Central Lancashire The KeySpatialChallengesFacing concerns aboutantisocialbehaviour concerns and GPpractices than pre-recession times to thepastdecade more congested used withthelikelihoodof thembecoming commercial role particularly criticalinterms ofthecity’s future Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Lancashire • Poorlevelsofhealthare particularly • Anageingpopulationbringswithitissues • Urbandevelopmentpressures riskdamaging • Theuseofstandard designsandbuilding • housing Theruralareas are becomingmore affluent • overlooked ChorleyandLeylandtowncentres riskbeing • Preston CityCentre hasseenlittle • Althoughgrowth industriesare well • There are pocketsofdeprivationandsome • Newhousebuildingactivityiscurrently ata • are produced from activitiesacross Central significant emissionsofcarbondioxide Respondingtotheclimatechangeagenda: prevalent inthemostdeprivedareas of health,mobilityanddependency interconnects withurbangreen space. the characterofcountrysideandhowit character oflocalplaces densities fornewhousingisunderminingthe haveinaccessingaffordablewage earners but thisconcealsthedifficultieslocallow in theshadowofPreston and theirpotential commercialan alternative destination further behindManchesterandLiverpoolas last 10yearsorsoandisslipping development ofretail andofficespaceinthe is notbeingfullyrealised the economicgrowth potentialofthearea represented inCentralLancashire there isashortageofaffordable housing the residential offer isquiteattractivealbeit poor housingintheplanarea butgenerally low levelduetotherecession

1. Introduction 11 Page 12

Key Aspects of the Core Strategy Background Evidence

1.11 The Core Strategy draws on the Sustainable 1.12 To assist with delivery the following background Community Strategies for Lancashire, South Ribble, evidence has been completed: Chorley and Preston. These are multi-faceted • A Housing Viability Assessment Study, which strategies prepared by Local Strategic Partnerships of validates the affordable housing proposals included local agencies, authorities and other organisations within the Homes for All Chapter (Chapter 8) aiming to improve the joined up delivery of local services. The Core Strategy places a similar emphasis • The housing land availability information has been on delivery, although biased towards physical projects, updated with the engagement of representatives of and recognising the need for flexibility to ensure that the house building industry the policies and proposals have a realistic prospect of • Infrastructure providers have been contacted and being implemented. This is particularly important in a schedule of essential strategic infrastructure times of recession. produced • Perception studies of what people value about places have helped add local distinctiveness to the document • Potential strategic development opportunities have been re-assessed • Future growth prospects have been reconsidered in the light of the economic recession • A retail and leisure review has reassessed the existing provision and future needs for these uses. • In addition, an Open Space, Sport and Recreation Review and a Playing Pitch Strategy have been carried out. All the key sources of evidence can be viewed on www.centrallancashire.com

Growth Point

1.13 The Preferred Core Strategy referred to the Central Lancashire and Growth Point. That Strategy said that more consultation would take place if the Growth Point implementation required further consideration of where development should be located. The Growth Point came into operation in April 2009 and what this means is explained in detail in Chapter 5. Essentially, Growth Point funding was used in Central Lancashire to help bring forward – through re-phasing - housing development at locations first identified in the Preferred Core Strategy. These locations have not changed in this Adopted Core Strategy. The Government announced in October 2010 that Growth Point funding will not continue after 2010/11. • The formerWhittinghamHospitalisno longer • Botany/Great Knowley isproposed asa identified inthePreferred Core Strategy: 1.18 Inrelation tothetwoother‘StrategicSites’ • South ofPenwortham andNorthofFarington • North West Preston –includingHigherBartleand • Central Preston –includingtheCityCentre with Locations: 1.17 There are alsothree proposed Strategic implemented atthepresent time. identified inLocalPlansandtwoare activelybeing 1.16 Theseopportunitieshavepreviously been • Cottam • BAE Systems,Samlesbury • Cuerden • Buckshaw Village four StrategicSites: 1.15 TheCore Strategynow endorsesthefollowing Documents. • Indicate theapproximate extentofStrategic • Allocate landtobedevelopedasfullyfledged now bringforward suchproposals intwoways: symbols ontheKeyDiagram.Core Strategiescan six ‘StrategicSites’.Theywere shownindicativelyas differently. ThePreferred Core Strategy identified economic growth andinvestmentare nowpresented guidance, themainlocationsforhousingand 1.14 Followingachangeinnationalplanning Strategic SitesandLocations achievement oftheStrategy. considered aStrategic Siteasitisnotcentral tothe to inPolicy9. sub-regionally significantdevelopmentas referred Broughton/Land atEastway Business DistrictandInnerEastPreston RegenerationArea, thenewCentral the Tithebarn development inlaterDevelopmentPlan Locations withinwhichlandwillbeallocatedfor certainty overtheirdelivery. Strategic Siteswhere there isahighdegree of Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Economic Growth want tovisit,liveandwork. prosperous, safecommunities;placeswhere people this Core Strategyseekstodo–create attractive, development. Ittherefore encapsulatesallthat health andwellbeingenablingeconomic behaviours, achievinggooddesign,engendering public spaces,promoting environmentally friendly it meanscreating andmaintaininghighquality accessibility. Intermsofactualplannedoutcomes engagementand such mattersasgovernance, successful, sustainablecommunitiesembracing It isawiderangingapproach toachieving 1.19 Muchissaidaboutpromoting ‘placeshaping’. Place Shaping room tobreathe’. rural communitiesinagreen setting–aplace‘with of CentralLancashire asa unique mixofurbanand accommodated withoutharmingtheattractiveness infrastructure thennewdevelopment canbe sustainable wayandsupportedbyappropriate economic growth. Ifthisis doneinamanaged 1.20 Thekeytoprosperity lies inharnessing

1. Introduction 13 Page 14

Cross Cutting Themes 1.25 At the Preferred Options Stage, the likely effects of each Preferred Core Strategy Policy, including the 1.21 There are three key aspects to successful place cumulative effects, were predicted and evaluated shaping and harnessing economic growth: in further detail and mitigation measures proposed for any adverse effects identified. As a result a • Achieving good design small number of changes were made to the Core • Promoting health and wellbeing Strategy policies from those in the Preferred Core Strategy. All these small changes were assessed in • Tackling climate change the SA to ensure no negative effects would arise from 1.22 These are policy areas in their own right but implementing these policies. have cross-cutting significance as well and so are referred to at the start of each chapter. The Habitat Regulations Assessment interrelationship between the cross-cutting themes, economic growth and place shaping is shown in 1.26 Habitats and species of European importance (Figure 2). have legal protection by the ‘Habitats Directive’. European sites are Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs). It is also Key Diagram recommended that Ramsar sites are afforded the 1.23 The Key Diagram illustrates the key spatial same level of consideration. There is one habitat proposals contained in the Core Strategy and can of European importance in Central Lancashire. This be found on the inside of the back cover of this is the Ribble & Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area document (Figure 19). and Ramsar Site, which is of particular importance for birdlife. There are also a number of protected habitats in neighbouring authority areas. Sustainability Appraisal 1.27 The Directive requires screening to identify 1.24 Sustainability Appraisal (SA) has been fully whether a plan, either alone or in combination with integrated into the plan making process of the Core other plans or projects, is likely to have a significant Strategy and has helped inform the choice of policies. impact on a European site. Therefore, it is necessary At the Issues and Options stage each option was to assess whether the Core Strategy, either alone or in tested against the SA Framework in order to predict combination, is likely to have a significant impact on its likely social, environmental and economic effects. the Ribble & Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area, or This testing was summarised in the Issues and Options the sites in neighbouring authorities. Papers so as to help individuals and organisations make an informed response on what matters and 1.28 The screening task has been undertaken and it choices the Core Strategy should consider. Within was concluded there were no significant effects likely the SA, recommendations were made for each issue to occur as a result of implementing policies within as to what the most sustainable options were. The the Core Strategy. The screening methodology has results of the Issues and Options testing and the been produced in liaison with Natural England. recommendations made in the SA informed the choice of Preferred Options. The SA identifies which options were selected as Preferred Options for each Preferred Policy and why these were selected and others rejected. Cross-Cutting Themes Figure 2: and thesupersededpoliciesinAppendixC. “saved” policiesare listedinaseparatedocument DPDs, whichwillfollowtheCore Strategy. These Documents (DPDs),primarilytheSiteAllocations replaced bynewpolicyinotherDevelopmentPlan 2001) willremain inforce untiltheyare expressly 2000 andtheLancashire MineralsandWaste Plan Local PlanReview2003,SouthRibble (i.e. Preston LocalPlan2004,ChorleyBorough 1.29 Anumberofpoliciesfrom existingLocalPlans Documents Saved PoliciesandFurther Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 LocalPlanSavedPolicies • Various Background Topic• Papers APerformanceMonitoringFramework • AnInfrastructure DeliverySchedule • ARuralProofing Paper • AHealthImpactScreening Assessment • AnEqualityImpactAssessment • series offurtherdocumentsincluding: 1.30 AccompanyingtheCore Strategythere isa

1. Introduction 15 2

Context The Relevance of Other Plans and Strategies in Chapter4. of theSustainableCommunityStrategiesare referred to strategies totheCore Strategy. Thesignificantaspects 2.1 Thischapterexplainstherelevance ofother Integration ofStrategies relationship betweentheplan andnationalpolicy. in theCore Strategytoclarify theoperational and decisionmaking.PolicyMPhasbeenincluded ‘Golden Thread’ runningthrough bothplanmaking sustainable development.Thisshouldbeseenasa heart ofnationalpolicy, apresumption infavourof preparation on27March 2012.Itintroduced, atthe introduced duringthecourse oftheStrategy’s 2.2 TheNationalPlanningPolicyFrameworkwas key relevance: (NPPF: March 2012) National PlanningPolicyFramework are expectedtobeapplied. planning policiesforEnglandandhowthese policy Frameworksetsoutthegovernment’s

The NationalPlanning

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 restricted. indicate thatdevelopmentshouldbe b) taken asawhole;or the NationalPlanningPolicyFramework when assessedagainstthepoliciesin demonstrably outweighthebenefits, permission wouldsignificantlyand a) into accountwhether: considerations indicateotherwise-taking grant permissionunlessmaterial the decisionthenCouncilwill are outofdateatthe timeofmaking to theapplicationorrelevant policies Where there are nopoliciesrelevant considerations indicateotherwise. approved withoutdelay, unlessmaterial in theneighbourhoodplans)willbe (and, where relevant withpolicies with thepoliciesinthisLocalPlan Planning applicationsthataccord conditions inthearea. the economic,socialandenvironmental to secure developmentthatimproves can beapproved wherever possible,and find solutionswhichmeanthatproposals proactively withapplicantsjointlyto Policy Framework.Itwillalwayswork contained intheNationalPlanning in favourofsustainabledevelopment approach thatreflects thepresumption proposals theCouncilwilltakeapositive When consideringdevelopment Policy: specific policiesinthatFramework any adverseimpactsofgranting

MP

2. Context 17 Page 18

The Northern Way Regional Strategy (RS) – North West of England Plan (2008) key relevance: establishing the City Region basis for considering economic performance key relevance: the regional part of the statutory development plan against which all 2.3 The Northern Way was launched in 2004 in Core Strategies in the region are required to response to the challenge to establish the North of England as an area of exceptional opportunity and conform to close the productivity gap between the northern 2.5 This Strategy provides the overall framework regions and the UK average. It was led by the three for development and investment in the North northern Regional Development Agencies, and West region to 2021. It establishes a broad vision proposed an approach to economic development for the region and sub-regions, prioritised growth based on eight City Regions. The City Regions in the and regeneration and provides policies to achieve North West are Liverpool, and ‘Central sustainable development. It also establishes the Lancashire’ the latter covering most of the Lancashire principle of “marrying opportunity and need” sub-region. throughout the North West. The Government intends 2.4 The Central Lancashire City Region Development to revoke the Regional Strategies in England through Programme (October 2006) provides the Lancashire enactment of the Localism Bill. dimension to the Northern Way. It echoes key actions of the Regional Economic Strategy and the Lancashire Economic Strategy (see paragraphs 2.6 and 2.9). Figure 3: The North of England in Context

Source: The Northern way, 2004

Figure 4:TheNorthWest inContext Source: Central Lancashire LDFTeam, 2010 Workington Barrow Birkenhead Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Cumbria Blackpool Liverpool Ormskirk Chester Penrith Kendal St Helens Leyland Lancaster Lancashire Widnes Nantwich Cheshire Chorley Preston Northwich Bury Manchester Burnley Manchester CityRegion Liverpool CityRegion City Region Central Lancashire Boundary Motorways

2. Context 19 Page 20

Regional Economic Strategy (2006) Lancashire Green Infrastructure Strategy (2009) key relevance: recognises the key role of Preston City Centre key relevance: promoting the local importance of Green Infrastructure 2.6 This Strategy sets out three main drivers to achieve its vision, which is to improve productivity, 2.8 This Strategy is based upon an understanding of grow the size and capacity of the workforce, green infrastructure and its potential to contribute and creating and maintaining the conditions for to social and economic regeneration, whilst creating sustainable growth. It supports the development of an improved, healthier urban and rural natural Preston City Centre as a key driver of sub-regional environment. The Strategy sets out principles of how and regional economic growth alongside Manchester Green Infrastructure can be developed in Lancashire and Liverpool. to the benefit of Central Lancashire and neighbouring areas. Regional Housing Strategy (2009) Lancashire Economic Strategy key relevance: establishes a three strand (2006) focus for housing matters key relevance: growth priority of Central 2.7 This Strategy seeks to ensure the region’s housing Lancashire offer supports long term economic growth, inclusion and regeneration. It aims to balance long term 2.9 Established through the Regional Economic housing provision that matches people’s aspirations Strategy and the Northern Way Central Lancashire with short term housing pressures that meet more City Regional Development Programme, the immediate needs. The Strategy is based around three Lancashire Economic Strategy provides a framework main strands: to connect and deliver national, regional and local priorities. The Central Lancashire Districts have been • Achieving the right quantity of housing. identified as priority areas due to their dynamic • Continuing to raise the quality of the existing growth opportunities. In 2010 Lancashire County housing stock. Council produced a new Economic Strategy which reinforces this approach. • Connecting people to the improved housing offer. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 21

Figure 5: Lancashire in Context

To Kendal / Carlisle

Urban Areas

Motorways Main A Roads Coast Railway Line Central Lancashire and Blackpool Growth Point

To Bradford

Bacup To Halifax

Rawtenstall

To Southport

Southport

To Manchester To Warrington

To Liverpool

Manchester Liverpool 2. Context 2. Page 22

Lancashire Housing Strategy Central Lancashire and Blackpool Growth Point key relevance: matching the housing offer with growth potential key relevance: to secure funding for housing related infrastructure and enabling 2.10 This Strategy sets out the direction and main initiatives priorities for housing investment and delivery, along with the establishment of stronger delivery and 2.13 Growth Points were designed to provide governance arrangements at the Lancashire level. It support to communities who wished to contribute seeks to contribute to Lancashire’s economic growth to meeting new housing requirements by uplifting and places thereby enabling mixed, inclusive and the rate of development, through a partnership vibrant communities. with Central Government. The Central Lancashire councils of Preston, South Ribble and Chorley, the 2.11 The Strategy also addresses the need for unitary authority of Blackpool and Lancashire County sufficient amounts of the right type of housing to be Council were granted Second Round Growth Point provided. It states that it is in Lancashire’s interests status in July 2008. The Growth Point pursued to ensure that housing supply matches economic by the authorities was on the basis of achieving growth potential and, in the short term, closely infrastructure investment in return for uplifting the relates this growth to the stronger economy of number of homes built by 2017. The successful bid Central Lancashire. did not change the housing provision requirements, but was designed to bring a greater proportion Lancashire Local Transport Plan 3 of new housing forward for construction, up to (LTP3: May 2011) 2017. Growth Point funding was discontinued after 2010/11. key relevance: will provide the funding justification for key transport schemes and Mid-Lancashire Joint Working related initiatives key relevance: collaboration, maximising 2.12 LTP3 came into effect in 2011 with a 20 year funding opportunities and economies of strategy and a short term implementation plan aimed scale at delivering the Government’s goals for sustainable transport at the Lancashire level through funded 2.14 The Central Lancashire authorities (working with schemes and co-ordinated actions. It covers the Lancaster City Council and West Lancashire Borough whole of Lancashire including the unitary authority Council) are collaborating on housing, economic areas of Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen. development and investment planning.

and supportingbusinessesacross CentralLancashire. unified promotional approach toattractinginvestment Ribble, Preston andChorley thisStrategyprovides a regeneration issues,attributes andinitiativesinSouth 2.16 Bypullingtogetheralltheeconomic vision astheCore Strategy regeneration initiativesbased onthesame key relevance: seekstopromote economic Regeneration Strategy(2010) Central Lancashire Economic Mid-Lancashire HousingStrategy. from theHCA.Itwillinformpreparation ofa the housinginvestmentprioritiesforseekingfunding working betweenthelocalauthoritiesandestablishes initiatives oftheMid-Lancashire area. Itfostersjoint level andsupportstheeconomicdevelopment approach tohousingmattersattheMid-Lancashire 2.15 Thisbaselinestudyappliesthethree strand Homes andCommunitiesAgency(HCA) key relevance: jointworkingwiththe and InvestmentPlan(2010) Sustainable CommunitiesStrategy Mid-Lancashire Housingand Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

climate change. The Strategyalsocoversobjectivesforadaptingto and where opportunitiesfor furthersavingsmaylie. carbon savingsneededtoachievethe2020targets and SupportingActionsdocumentidentifythe carbon andwelladaptedby2020”.TheStrategy out thelong-termvisionthatLancashire is“low 2.17 TheLancashire ClimateChangeStrategysets the county plans, strategiesandinitiativesthroughout and theneedtointegratetargetsinto change activityandmeasures inLancashire, key relevance: raisesprofile ofclimate Strategy 2009-2020 The Lancashire ClimateChange

2. Context 23 Page 24

Figure 6: Central Lancashire in Context

Garstang

Urban Areas Beacon Fell To Lancaster Motorways Glasgow / Edinburgh Main A Roads Rivers/Canals/Reservoirs Railway Line Local Authority Boundaries Area Boundary

Goosnargh Longridge A6 Whittingham

Broughton M55 To Blackpool M6 Bartle Fulwood Cottam PRESTON A583 A59 To Clitheroe Deepdale Samlesbury and Yorkshire Lea A677

A584 Ribble Estuary

Walton Coupe Higher Green Walton -le-Dale Walton Gib Lane Park Hutton Bamber Gregson Bridge Lane Lostock To Blackburn, Hall New Longton Cuerden Pennine Lancashire Longton M65 andYorkshire Little Hoole Brindle A59 Clayton Farington Brook / Abbey Much Hoole Moss Side Green Higher Village Midge Clayton Hall Wheelton -le- Whittle Withnell LEYLAND Woods -le-Woods Wheelton Brinscall Ulnes Buckshaw Walton To Southport and Liverpool Botany M6 Astley Village Croston M61 River Yarrow CHORLEY Eccleston

Charnock Mawdesley Heskin To Ormskirk Richard A6 and Liverpool Rivington Coppull Adlington / Heath Charnock / Anderton A49 Horwich

Standish To Wigan Birmingham and London To Bolton and Manchester Publictransport • Localshops • GPsurgeries • were: facilities thatshouldexistinalocalarea thetopthree 2.20 Whenrankingtheimportanceofservicesand Buildingdesign,appearanceandmaterials • Landscape,naturalfeatures andlocaldetails • Publicopensspace,parksandplayareas • contribution tothecharacteroflocalarea were: area. Themostcrucialfactors makingapositive and theprovision ofservices andfacilitiesinalocal across CentralLancashire withregard tothecharacter 2.19 Inautumn2009afurtherlocalsurveywasdone repairs andthelevelsoftrafficcongestion. in needofimprovement were road andpavement considered tobeofgreat importance.Otheraspects to live.Cleanstreets andhealthserviceswere also was paramountinmakinganarea agoodplace similar andreveal thattheperceived levelofcrime Chorley, Preston andSouthRibbleresidents were perceptions oftheirlocalarea. Theresults from capture localpeoples’views,experiencesand 2.18 ThePlaceSurvey2008:Englandaimedto Place Surveys Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

2. Context 25 3

Spatial Portrait The Character of Local Places and the Roles they Play Scotland, theMidlandsandLondon. as amaindestinationproviding excellentraillinksto West CoastMainLineruns northtosouthwithPreston excellent road accessibility within thesub-region. The and M65motorwaysrunthrough thearea creating Greater Manchestertothe South.TheM6,M61,M55 with DarwentotheEast,Wyre totheNorthand Lancashire totheWest, RibbleValley andBlackburn 3.2 CentralLancashire isboundedbyFyldeandWest and sparselypopulatedcountryside. including theCityofPreston aswelltowns,villages character ofthearea isadiversemixofurbanandrural Plain andRibbleEstuaryintheWest. Theoverall from thePenninefoothillsinEasttoLancashire urban core surrounded byattractivesceneryranging room tobreathe’, CentralLancashire comprisesan within theNorthWest Region.Coinedasaplace‘with 3.1 CentralLancashire issetintheheartofLancashire and theRolestheyPlay The CharacterofLocalPlaces Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

3. Spatial Portrait 27 Page 28

Figure 7: The Features of Central Lancashire

Beacon Fell Country Park

Country Parks FOREST OF BOWLAND Urban Areas

Rivers/Canals/Reservoirs

High Grade Agricultural Land Area Boundary

Lancaster Canal

PRESTON le ibb r R Rive Ribble Estuary

Ribble Coast and Wetlands Regional Park

Cuerden Valley Country Park

LANCASHIRE LEYLAND PLAIN

Leeds and Liverpool Canal k oc st Lo River Douglas r WEST PENNINE Rive MOORS

River Yarrow CHORLEY Yarrow Valley Country Park

Lever Park inChorley.and Brinscall/Withnell Eccleston, Croston, Bretherton, Hoghton,Wheelton Coupe Green andGregson LaneinSouthRibble; inPreston; Longton, HigherWalton, Lancashire including:Broughton, Grimsarghand variety offlourishingvillagesthroughout Central 3.5 Aswellasthelargersettlementsthere are a of localshopsandotherservices. Coppull retain localemployment roles, witharange business parksandlocalservices.Adlington being developedasanewcommunitycompletewith is housing,andBuckshawVillage range ofmodern le-Woods are mainlysuburbancommunitieswitha places toliveandwork.Euxton,ClaytonWhittle- running southfrom theRiver Ribbleproviding popular Bamber Bridgeformafairlycontinuousurbanarea, 3.4 Penwortham,Walton-le-Dale, LostockHalland centre forbusinessandotherservices. population of33,000isathrivingmarkettownand of approximately 32,000people.Chorleywitha the maintownwithinSouthRibblewithapopulation a strong anddiversemanufacturingbase.Leylandis and successfuluniversity. LeylandandFaringtonhave commercial andretail centre ofthearea withalarge of 132,000peoplein2008.Itactsasthemain the largestsettlementinarea withapopulation 3.3 TheCityofPreston isEngland’s newestcityandis Lancashire Main PlaceswithinCentral Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 for themtogether. issues andopportunitiesitmakessensetoplan a highdegree ofconnectivity, withmanyshared Merseyside. However, CentralLancashire shows elsewhere inLancashire, Greater Manchesterand three CentralLancashire authoritiesandplaces 3.9 There are manyimportantlinksbetweenthe and cottonmanufacturing. industrial development,includingpaperproduction to agrarianactivities,butothersgrew becauseof sandstone. Someruralsettlementsowetheirorigin proportions, constructedof localmaterialssuchas Central Lancashire contain buildingsofmodest 3.8 Manyofthesmallruralsettlementsacross and someare eitherfullyor partiallyvacant. existence. Mostare nolonger intheiroriginaluse, complexes are significantly larger–where stillin in scale,thoughtheindustrialbuildingsand majority ofbuildingstockfrom thistimeisdomestic afield andamuchgreater useofbrick.The introduction ofbuildingmaterials from further were locallysourced, butindustrialisationsawthe industrial complexes.Materialsforearlierbuildings housing wasbuilttightlyaround themillsand Chorley andthecentre ofLeyland,asworkers 3.7 Grid-ironstreets pattern typifyPreston, nineteenth century. the railwaynetworkinarea duringthemid both aresult ofandacausefortheexpansion that really sawaboominprosperity. Thiswas it wastheindustrialisationoftextileprocess cottage industriessuchashand-loomweaving, vehicle industry. Althoughinitiallybasedupon manufacturing) andLeylandtothecommercial existence totradeandindustry(primarilytextile 3.6 ThecityofPreston andChorleytownowetheir Heritage andLocalDistinctiveness

3. Spatial Portrait 29 Page 30

Landscape Context 3.12 The Central Lancashire authorities believe that the Core Strategy policies and proposals do not 3.10 Central Lancashire has a diverse landscape conflict with the Strategies of adjacent authorities. with a mix of lowland and upland, mostly drained by the and its tributaries, together with 3.13 The town of Longridge in Ribble Valley is canals and large reservoirs. This provides the area situated to the north east of Preston but right next with a wide range of ecosystems and biodiversity to the Central Lancashire boundary. The town serves with natural resources available for energy capture, rural areas to the north and east of Preston and could recreational use and food production. The main potentially be developed westwards into Central landscape attractions within the area include the Lancashire. In recognition of its role and function, Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Longridge has been identified as a Key Service Centre Beauty and the West Pennine Moors as well as within Policy 1 (Spatial Strategy). significant areas of open space forming a broad and diverse Green Infrastructure network. Within the built 3.14 The scale of retail growth envisaged for Preston up areas of Preston, South Ribble and Chorley, there City Centre is covered in Chapter 5, and more are significant green spaces which greatly add to the particularly in Chapter 9. The Central Lancashire character, amenity, recreational opportunities and authorities consider that the scale of retail growth biodiversity of these places. proposed is appropriate given the evidence of need and the regeneration requirements of Preston City Centre (particularly in the Tithebarn Regeneration Cross Boundary Issues Area).

3.11 The Core Strategy takes account of cross- 3.15 Concerns have been raised that the Growth boundary issues with neighbouring districts outside of Point driven uplift in housing development may have Central Lancashire. The issues identified are: a detrimental impact on the strategy for the Pennine • The role of Longridge in Ribble Valley Lancashire Housing Market Renewal (HMR) Area. The HMR is a government funded initiative to revitalise • The scale of retail growth envisaged for housing markets in areas of low demand and poor Preston City Centre housing quality. A study jointly commissioned by the • The implications of Growth Point status for Central Lancashire and Pennine Lancashire authorities Pennine (East) Lancashire (Impact Study of the Central Lancashire and Blackpool • Increased transport connectivity between Growth Point on the Pennine Lancashire Economy Central Lancashire and Pennine Lancashire, and Housing Market – Ecotec March 2010) has West Lancashire and the Fylde coast shown that the relationship between the two housing markets and the effects of the recession on house • Strong economic links along the M61 corridor building mean that the Growth Point will have little to Bolton, and the proposed development impact on the HMR Area and that the two areas can, of the Horwich Loco Works in fact, complement each other. • Green Infrastructure inter-connections, for example, via inland waterways

further inChapter10. maintained andenhancedare discussed andBolton.Theselinkswillbe to Blackburn and Fylde,viatheWest PennineMoors and Wetlands RegionalPark toWest Lancashire through theRibbleCoast andWigan, Blackburn for examplealongtheLeeds-LiverpoolCanalto between CentralLancashire anditsneighbours, 3.17 There are importantGreen Infrastructure links Lancashire (Chapter9). sufficient employmentsiteswithinCentral Chorley. Itwillnotnegatetheneedtoprovide for peoplelivinginCentralLancashire, particularly This islikelytoprovide employmentopportunities and housing,commencingfrom 2013onwards. is proposed tobeamixedusesiteforemployment relatively closetotheboundarywithChorley. This Loco Works strategiceconomicopportunitysite, in theM61corridor, includingattheHorwich March 2011,proposes significantdevelopment 3.16 BoltonCouncil’s Core Strategy, adoptedin Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

3. Spatial Portrait 31 4

Spatial Vision and Strategic Objectives mitigation measures andwherever possible,adaptationtoClimateChange. use willbeminimisedwithanemphasisonsustainable sources, including services, goodjobsanddecent,highqualityaffordable homes.Energy skilled anddiversecommunities.Residentswillhave easyaccesstopublic Neighbourhoods willbesafe,cleanandsustainable withhealthy, highly overcome ruralpoverty. maintained, withaccesstoservicessustainthelocalcommunitiesand destinations.Thecharacterofruralvillageswillhavebeen international connections withinCentralLancashire andtowiderregional, nationaland enhancing theirlocaldistinctiveness.There willbeimproved transport historic andculturalheritage,withhighqualitydesignednewbuildings The characteroftheCity, townsandvillageswillreflect theirindividual an enterpriseengine. forward changeandeconomic growth inthetownandborough tobecome Leyland willhavebuiltuponitsworldfamousindustrialheritage,driving cultural, entertainment,businessandhighereducationservices. complementing ManchesterandLiverpoolbyproviding highqualityretail, Preston willhavebecomea regenerated andtransformedcity, providing atransporthubto improve connectionsfortheregion. economic growth fortheregion, marryingopportunityandneed centres. CentralLancashire’s widerrole willbeasadriverofsustainable advantage ofretail, heritage, educationandhigh-qualitycitytown Preston, LeylandandChorleywillattractinvestorsvisitorstaking access toopencountrysidemakeitaplacewith‘room tobreathe’. central locationatthehuboftransportnetwork,itsgreen spacesand have sustainableeconomicgrowth basedonthearea’s uniqueassets. Its residents. Itwillplayaleadingrole inLancashire’s worldclasseconomyand to liveandworkintheNorthWest. Itoffers excellent qualityoflifetoallits By 2026CentralLancashire willberecognised asahighly soughtafterplace A Vision forCentralLancashire in2026 potential. aspires tobelikeby2026takingaccountofitcurrent issues,attributesand 4.1 GuidingthisCore ofwhatCentralLancashire StrategyisaSpatialVision Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

4. Spatial Vision and Strategic Objectives 33 Page 34

Sustainable Community Strategies

4.2 In developing our Strategic Objectives to achieve the Spatial Vision, we looked at the priorities of the four (one for each District plus that for the County) Sustainable Community Strategies and found that these relate very strongly to the issues that the Core Strategy will need to address. The diagram below illustrates the linkages between the Community Strategy themes and the Chapters of the Core Strategy.

Figure 8: The Influence of the Sustainable Community Strategies on the Core Strategy Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

4. Spatial Vision and Strategic Objectives 35 Page 36

Strategic Objectives

4.3 The locally distinctive Strategic Objectives, designed to set out the key issues to be addressed in each policy area are set out below and repeated at the beginning of each Chapter.

Strategic Objective Theme/Issue Policy

SO 1 To foster growth and investment in Central Lancashire in a manner that: • Makes the best use of infrastructure and land by focussing on the Preston/ South Ribble Urban Area, and the Key Service Centres of Leyland and Chorley. Spatial Strategy - Managing and 1 • Marries opportunity and need by focussing investment in Preston Locating Growth City Centre and other Strategic Sites and Locations, and Leyland and Chorley town centres. • Supports service provision in rural areas, particularly in the Rural Local Service Centres.

SO 2 To ensure there is sufficient and appropriate infrastructure to meet Infrastructure 2 future needs, funded where necessary by developer contributions.

SO 3 To reduce the need to travel, manage car use, promote more sustainable modes of transport and improve the road network to the north Travel 3 and south of Preston.

SO 4 To enable easier journeys into and out of Preston City Centre and east/west trips across South Ribble, improve movement around Chorley, Travel 3 as well as safeguard rural accessibility, especially for mobility impaired people.

SO 5 To help make available and maintain within Central Lancashire a ready supply of residential development land over the plan period so as to help deliver sufficient new housing of appropriate types to meet future Housing delivery 4 requirements. This should also be based on infrastructure provision, as well as ensuring that delivery does not compromise existing communities.

SO 6 To achieve densities for new housing that respect the local character Housing density 5 of surrounding areas, whilst making efficient use of land.

SO 7 To improve the quality of existing housing, especially in Inner East Preston and pockets of poor stock in South Ribble and Chorley Boroughs, Housing quality 6 and to bring empty properties back into use.

SO 8 To significantly increase the supply of affordable and special needs Affordable housing 7 housing particularly in places of greatest need such as in more rural areas.

SO 9 To guide the provision of pitches for Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling Traveller 8 Showpeople in appropriate locations if genuine need arises. accommodation

9 SO 10 To ensure there is a sufficient range of locations available for Economic growth and employment purposes. and employment 10

SO 11 To secure major retail and leisure investment in Preston City Centre to enable it to function as a more attractive shopping and commercial Retail, town 11 destination, complementary to Manchester and Liverpool. To achieve the centre and leisure and retail and leisure potential of Chorley and Leyland town centres and ensure development 12 the district and local centres provide for local needs. Strategic Objective facilities intheCity, towncentres andappropriate rurallocations. SO 12To create, enhanceandexpandtouristattractionsvisitor and widercountryside. businesses, takingintoaccountthecharacteristicsofurbanfringe SO 13To sustainandencourageappropriate growth ofrural skills deficienciesare addressed. SO 14To ensure appropriate educationfacilitiesare availableand encouraging highqualitydesignofnewbuildings. distinctiveness ofthebuiltenvironment inCentralLancashire by SO 15To foster‘placeshaping’toenhancethecharacterandlocal of itslandscapes. of architectural andarchaeological valueandthedistinctivecharacter SO 16To protect, conserveandenhanceCentralLancashire’s places ‘room tobreathe’. built andnaturalenvironmental assetssothatitremains aplacewith SO 17To maintainandimprove thequalityofCentralLancashire’s the more deprivedareas, particularlyInnerEastPreston. Lancashire’s residents andreduce thehealthinequalitiesthataffect SO 18To improve thehealthandwellbeingofallCentral services, includinghealthyfood. green spaces,culture, entertainment,andcommunityfacilities SO 19To improve accesstohealthcare, sportandrecreation, open deprived areas whichoftenexperiencehigherlevelsofcrime. reduce crime,disorder andthefearofcrime,especiallyinmore SO 20To create environments inCentralLancashire thathelpto Development. SO 21To reduce energyuse andcarbondioxideemissionsinnew renewable andlowcarbonsources. SO 22To encouragethegenerationanduseofenergyfrom adjoining theriverRibble andatCroston. SO23To managefloodrisk and theimpactsoffloodingespecially air andsoil. Lancashire’s water resources andminimise pollutionofwater, SO24To reduce waterusage,protect andenhanceCentral Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Theme/Issue and culturalfacilities Tourism, entertainment Rural economy economic inclusion Education, skillsand buildings Design andnew environment assets Landscape andbuilt environment assets Built andnatural Health andwellbeing Health andwellbeing safety Crime andcommunity Energy use Energy generation Water management management Natural resource Policy 13 and 12 11, 13 15 and 14 17 21 and 16 21 and 20 19, 18, 23 25 and 24 26 27 28 29 31 and 30 29,

4. Spatial Vision and Strategic Objectives 37 5

Spatial Strategy Managing and Locating Growth

Strategic Objective

SO 1 To foster growth and investment in Central Lancashire in a manner that:

• Makes the best use of infrastructure and land by focussing on the Preston/South Ribble Urban Area and the Key Service Centres of Leyland and Chorley;

• Marries opportunity and need by focussing investment in Preston City Centre and other Strategic Sites and Locations, and Leyland and Chorley town centres;

• Supports service provision in rural areas, particularly in the Rural Local Service Centres. other emissions. transport, helpingtoreduce carbondioxideand development shouldbeaccessiblebypublic on theefficientuseofexistingurbanareas, new avoiding areas atriskfrom flooding.Byfocussing seeks toreduce theeffects ofclimatechangeby The Strategyforlocatinggrowth andinvestment Tackling Climate Change green, openspaces. a numberofwaysbymaintainingnetwork Strategy cancontributetowards well-beingin appropriate, fundedbynew development.The co-ordinated withserviceproviders and,where for newinfrastructure, this investmentmustbe infrastructure. Where growth results inaneed use ofexistinghealthservicesandothersocial existing servicecentres tomake themostefficient The Strategyfocusesontheurbanarea and Promoting Healthand Wellbeing work. creation ofplacesthatare attractivetoliveinand of theStrategicSitesandLocations,leadsto Central Lancashire’s characterand,inthecase It isessentialthatgrowth maintainsandenhances Achieving GoodDesign Cross CuttingThemes Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

nationally, especiallyinthe NorthWest. Central Lancashire withothercity/localeconomies clearly showsthefavourable comparisonof foreign direct investment;independentanalysis attract keyworkersandinvestment,including factors allhelptoretain andwhere necessary as wellqualityeducationestablishments.These matched workforce skills,anattractiveenvironment connections, growth orientedindustrieswithwell to economicgrowth, includinggoodtransport Lancashire hasanumberofattributesadvantageous as someotherplaces.ThisisbecauseCentral unemployment hasincreased butnotbyasmuch plans ofbusinessesinCentralLancashire. Local 2008 hasaffected thegrowth andexpansion 5.3 Theeconomicrecession thatbeganin infrastructure already inplaceorwhichisresourced. the release anduseofsites, underpinnedbythe Central Lancashire, which can beusedtoinform economic forecasts withthe deliveryofgrowth in its fullpotential.TheCouncilsaimtolinkthe growing butshouldbeperforming better, fulfilling Lancashire istherefore aplacethathasbeen was slowerthanthenationalaverage.Central at twicetherateofrest ofLancashire, but 2004 employmentinCentralLancashire grew national average.Similarly, between1990and the countyasawholebutitstilllagsbehind has, inrecent times,grown atarategreater than the economy. Bythismeasure CentralLancashire value -ofgoodsandservicesadded(GVA) to 5.2 Economicgrowth ismeasured bythegross prosperity ofthearea. economic growth asthisiscloselylinkedtothe to experiencegrowth, themostimportantbeing people. CentralLancashire hasandwillcontinue whilst alsoenhancingthequalityoflifeforlocal managed change,investmentandopportunities, 5.1 Planningforgrowth isaboutdelivering Managing Growth

5. Spatial Strategy 39 Page 40

5.4 The developments proposed for Central 5.8 There are significant population, household Lancashire offer a realistic platform to not only and expenditure trends in Central Lancashire which generate employment, but tackle unemployment complement the picture of economic growth, and related deprivation. The challenges for the Core specifically: Strategy include attracting the right jobs, skills and • The population of the area has grown from training, as well as improving practical matters such 333,400 in 2001 to approximately 345,800 as transport and connectivity between homes and in 2008 and is projected to increase to about employment. 384,000 by 2026. The growth is mainly accounted for by people living longer but birth 5.5 Preston is emerging as a new economic force. rates are also rising. It has survived the decline in manufacturing employment that has affected other parts of • More important for new housing provision Lancashire and the North West. The City Centre has is the future growth in the number of households. the largest concentration of commercial activity in The 2006-based estimate predicts there will be Central Lancashire providing employment in higher 30,000 extra households in Central Lancashire value sectors that have been growing nationally, by 2026. specifically computing, business services, retailing • There is a long term trend of rising consumer and finance. However the City Centre has seen expenditure per head of population, and a the development of very little new office or retail substantially rising population will mean a floorspace in recent years. The University of Central significant increase in demand for retail, leisure Lancashire in Preston is a significant driver for and related activities. economic growth, and is increasingly aligning its knowledge base towards some of those sectors that 5.9 This all points to significant long-term have made Central Lancashire prosper. requirements for additional housing provision as well as commercial floorspace. However in times of 5.6 In South Ribble advanced manufacturing and recession these underlying growth trends become automotive industries remain important sectors hidden. Consumer expenditure is temporarily with major employers including BAE Systems at reduced as people pay off their debts and increase Samlesbury and Leyland Trucks, and significant public their savings to safeguard for the effects of possible sector employers such as Lancashire Constabulary unemployment. People also delay forming new HQ. The knowledge economy is important in South households and setting up home because of the Ribble, especially at Samlesbury, and the borough’s costs of doing so. These financial pressures have economic regeneration strategy aims for it to become increased in the recent recession due to the severe an enterprise engine by 2018. restrictions on mortgage finance. Overall a recession dents consumer and investor confidence. Some 5.7 Chorley leads on GVA productivity, with high key implications for this are a slowdown in business growth sectors including business and professional activity, house building and retail sales. The ambitions services, food and drink, digital and creative as well of the Central Lancashire and Blackpool Growth Point as advanced engineering and materials. Some of need to be understood in this context. Central Lancashire’s most highly skilled and high value companies are located in Chorley in high-tech

engineering, software, digital design, testing and automation. apply. deciding whathousingrequirements shouldnow Taken togetherthesefactorscontribute towards mortgages whichwere withdrawnbylenders. apartment schemesdependentonbuytolet in Preston withthehighnumberofCityCentre ability topre-fund schemes.Thisisespeciallyso home buyerpurchasing poweranddevelopers’ because theshortageofloanfinancehasaffected substantially withtheonsetofrecession, of Growth Pointfunds,housebuildingratesfell annual figure beingexceededwiththeinjection to approximately 1340dwellings.Insteadofthis the three CentralLancashire Districtsaddedup 5.12 TheRSannualhousingprovision levelsfor discontinued after2010/11. across thecountry. Growth Pointfundingwas the moniestootherhousingassociatedincentives funding to£3.97million,byredistributing someof recession reduced thegovernment Growth Point InresponseVillage. tothewidescaleeffects ofthe to matchfundtherailwaystationatBuckshaw was secured from aseparatebutrelated source the Broughton roundabout. Another£3.3million of thiswillbeusedtopartfundimprovements at million thatwasbidfor. InCentralLancashire some initially setat£5.27million,wellbelowthe£20 Growth Pointauthoritiesfor thefirsttwoyearswas fundingallocatedtothe 5.11 Thegovernment forward forconstructionup to2017. to bringagreater proportion ofnewhousing housing provision requirements, butwasdesigned (RS). Thesuccessfulbiddidnotchangetheoverall above theprovision levelsintheRegionalStrategy new dwellingsbuiltby2017more than30% participating councilswastoupliftthenumbersof aim intheGrowth Pointbidsubmittedbythe Across CentralLancashire andBlackpoolthe priming moniesforinvestmentininfrastructure. by invitinglocalauthoritiestobidforpublicpump industry andimproving theavailabilityofhousing, conceived asawayofstimulatingthehousing 5.10 TheGrowth Pointnationalinitiativewas Growth Point Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 infrastructure. seeks tomaketheoptimum useofexisting operating abusservice. Sustainable development building, aswellrunning costs(revenue), suchas (capital) costs,suchasproviding anewlibrary spaces inallitsguises.Itcoversboththesetup community safetyandGreen Infrastructure –green sewers, aswellservicessuchtrainingand It includesphysicalfeatures, suchasroads and 5.16 Infrastructure isintegraltonewdevelopment. minimise theimpactofclimatechange. sustainable locationsfordevelopmentwillhelp health provision). Inparticular, choosingthemost biodiversity, airandwaterquality, schooland and socialassets(theseincludethelandscape, where possible,enhancethe area’s environmental the mostsustainablewaysoastoprotect and, these uses.Thisinvestmentmustbeachievedin services, andtheinfrastructure thatgoeswith providing fornewhousing, employmentand underlying growth trends. Growth willinvolve Central Lancashire issetagainst thebackdrop of development andinvestmentwillbelocatedin 5.15 Theoverallstrategyfordirecting where new Locating Growth and Investment development across theGrowth Pointarea. and deliveringacceleratedratesofhousing committed toremoving obstacles torecovery presented inChapter8.Theauthoritiesremain house buildingisderivedfrom theSHLAAandis not nowbeachievable.Thetrajectoryoffuture remains anaspirationoftheauthoritiesbutmay 5.14 TheGrowth Pointupliftinhousingdelivery Point periodto2017. provision levelswillbeachievedduringtheGrowth Housing LandAvailability Assessment(SHLAA) house buildingcompletionsabovetheStrategic representatives predict thatnooverallexcessof significantly upliftedinthenearfuture. Industry that ratesofresidential developmentcanbe has notconvincedthelocalhousebuildingindustry 5.13 TheamountofGrowth Pointrelated finance

5. Spatial Strategy 41 Page 42

5.17 The risk of flooding (Phase 1 Strategic Flood 5.20 With all these considerations, the Core Risk Assessment) has been evaluated. Most places in Strategy seeks to ensure that growth and Central Lancashire are not susceptible to river and/or investment take place in the most sustainable tidal flooding but some places are and, due to climate locations. The site specific detail of where new change, likely to be more so in the future. These risks development and investment will be located will have been taken into account in proposing the spatial largely be set out in subsequent Site Allocations distribution of development and, in particular, not to Development Plan Documents, but the following encourage it near to the River Ribble and at Croston. section identifies the service centres and the More details on flood risk are included in Chapter 12. Strategic Sites and Locations for development.

5.18 The size and connectivity of existing places, along with the level of services currently available, Likely Distribution of Housing are key considerations in deciding where to locate Development development. It is sensible to minimise the need to travel because most types (modes) of transport 5.21 The following table shows the approximate pollute the environment, are becoming more costly to distribution of housing development in Central use and travelling can also take up a lot of time. Lancashire up to 2026, including the Strategic Sites and Locations. This is a predicted distribution 5.19 Most parts of Central Lancashire could be based on the potential for housing development in further developed but, as the Spatial Portrait each place, and not proportions that are required demonstrates, the area has many attractive features to be met. Within the table, 25% of the total and much local character. These attributes could dwellings are predicted to be developed at Strategic be lost by allowing the wrong type and scale of Sites and Locations within the Preston/South Ribble development to take place in unsuitable locations. urban area. Altogether, 35% of the dwellings in It is also important that, the Core Strategy seeks to the Core Strategy are predicted to be developed marry opportunity with need, so that those areas at Strategic Sites and Locations, with over 90% most in need of regeneration can benefit from the of all proposed new housing in urban locations new investment that accompanies growth. occupying the central spine of the plan area.

Table 1: Predicted Proportions of Housing Development by Location Location Total Total net 2010-16# 2016-21 2021-26 % Dwellings* in Plan Period Preston/South Ribble Urban Area 48

• Cottam 1300 500 400 400 • Central Preston 600 200 200 200 • North West Preston 2500 600 900 1000 • South of Penwortham and North of Farington 1200 100 500 600 • Elsewhere 5000 2100 1500 1400

Buckshaw Village Strategic Site 10 2300 1500 500 300 Key Service Centres 25 5500 2150 1700 1650 Urban Local Service Centres 9 2100 500 800 800 Rural Local Service Centres and elsewhere 8 1700 750 400 550

Total 100 22200 8400 6900 6900

* Rounded to the nearest 50 # Includes completions in 2010/11 also centraltotheachievementofCore Strategy. will beidentifiedinduecourse.Theselocationsare boundaries atthisstage,butbroad areas where sites ‘sites’ becauseitisnotpossibletodefineprecise Penwortham andNorthofFarington.Theseare not Preston, NorthWest Preston andlandSouthof 5.26 StrategicLocationsare identifiedatCentral achievement oftheCore Strategy. shown inAppendixB.Thesesitesare centraltothe Samlesbury, Cuerden, andCottam Buckshaw Village 5.25 StrategicSitesare allocated atBAESystems Service Centre. westwards intoCentralLancashire. ItactsasaKey north andeastofPreston and couldbedeveloped Central Lancashire boundary, servesruralareas tothe to thenortheastofPreston butadjacenttothe 5.24 ThetownofLongridgeinRibbleValley, situated acts aspartoftheLeylandurbanarea. services thatserveawidearea. Faringtonadjoinsand employment opportunities,aswellretail andother Key ServiceCentres witharangeofhousingand 5.23 ThetownsofLeylandandChorleyactas green spaces. communities withtheirservicecentres andseparating area. However, theurbanarea includesdistinct river thatfunctionaspartofthesamebuilt-up includes thosesettlementstothesouthof 5.22 Theurbanarea ofPreston andSouthRibble Central Lancashire ServiceCentres Strategic SitesandLocations Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 developing sites. works referred toastheseare astandard aspectof neither are minorpublicutilityconnection/diversion contributions (theSchedulemakesthisclear)and are setout,notallwillrequire developer below majoradditionalinfrastructure requirements works willalsobesought.UndereachSite/Location Green Infrastructure andtownscapepublicrealm the developers.Financialcontributionstooff-site open/play spacewillbeexpectedtoprovided by such assmallshops,communitycentre andon-site proportion ofresidential developmentlocalservices On StrategicSitesandLocationswithahigh directly provide and/orcontributetoinfrastructure. funding shortfalldeveloperswillbeexpectedto providers andfundingsources. Where there isa applies, whenitwillbeneededaswellthelikely infrastructure –whatitcomprises andwhere it Schedule identifiesthe required essentialstrategic not beacceptable.TheInfrastructure Delivery infrastructure otherwisethese proposals will are accompaniedbythetimelyprovision of 5.28 ItisimperativethattheseSitesandLocations these documents. will becarriedoutaspartofthepreparation of individual Area ActionPlans(AAP).Fullconsultation Site AllocationsDevelopmentPlanDocumentsor for theStrategicLocationswillbeaddressed inthe for theCuerden site.Implementationproposals permissions; sitespecificguidancewillbeprepared Systems, Samlesbury)underdetailedplanning three andBAE ofthem(Cottam,BuckshawVillage areVision achieved. Developmenthasbegunat will helpensure thattheoverallStrategyand 5.27 DevelopmentoftheseSitesandLocations

5. Spatial Strategy 43 Page 44

BAE Systems, Samlesbury Strategic Site Cuerden Strategic Site 5.29 BAE Systems occupy the majority of this site 5.33 The Strategic Site at Cuerden, part of a which is located east of Preston, and partly crosses broader project identified as Lancashire Central, lies the Ribble Valley boundary. It is a large site which for between Leyland, Lostock Hall and , many years has been used for aircraft manufacturing and is adjacent to the M6/M65 junction about and testing. The North West Development Agency 5km south of Preston City Centre. It was identified recognises the site as a nationally significant in the South Ribble Local Plan as a major inward concentration of aerospace research and investment site for high technology industrial and manufacturing and has added it to the strategic business development. The site was acquired by The regional sites list. Commission for New Towns as part of the portfolio of Central Lancashire New Town Assets (now the 5.30 Outline planning permission was granted in Homes and Communities Agency: HCA). It has 2007 for a 10 year programme for the expansion of been subject to a masterplanning process which BAE Systems’ manufacturing and engineering facility, includes details of necessary infrastructure provision, comprising over 100,000 square metres of industrial, particularly to improve access by public transport. office and ancillary floorspace on land measuring 63 hectares. The expansion programme under way 5.34 This site contributes significantly to the portfolio will sustain existing employment in the Region and of sites in Central Lancashire. It is large enough create 600 new highly skilled posts, with significant at 65 hectares to attract a major employer and secondary benefits to the local and sub-regional contribute to the development of the high quality economy. The wider development will provide manufacturing uses and knowledge-based industry. potential capacity for 2,700 new jobs on the site up This will help to provide high-skilled jobs for Central to 2017, including opportunities for BAE’s supply Lancashire’s workforce and the wider sub-region. chain companies, in addition to the existing 3,800 A new major road access is required that can also BAE staff. handle Preston and Leyland bound traffic. In addition public transport accessibility needs to be 5.31 The site will contribute to economic growth provided possibly enabling passengers to interchange and employment for Central Lancashire by services as well as use a park and ride facility. building on the existing advanced manufacturing capabilities. Adjacent areas in Pennine Lancashire will also benefit from this growth. Nearly all the necessary infrastructure measures have been completed; all that remains to be implemented are some traffic management measures at the junctions in the vicinity of the site.

5.32. The BAE Samlesbury and Warton sites now have Enterprise Zone status. The key focus of the Enterprise Zone is to bring forward new employment investment, support genuine additional growth and the creation of new businesses and high value jobs in the advanced engineering and manufacturing sectors. will berequired. Additional primaryschoolaccommodation A healthcentre isplanned,whichhasfunding. already beenprovided, includingaprimaryschool. 5.38 Someoftheinfrastructure forthissitehas Infrastructure. have beenprovided ashasStrategicGreen Chorley andSouthRibble.Communityfacilities through housingandemployment provision in Buckshaw willcontributesignificantlytogrowth before 2020.Thescaleof the sitemeansthat Development ofthesitewillnotbecompleted – Manchesterline,openedinOctober2011. railway stationandparkrideonthePreston bus service,cycleandfootpathroutes, anda and M61motorways.Thearea alsohasaregular accessible, beingincloseproximity totheM6 ishighly 5.37 ThelandatBuckshawVillage details). Employment LandReview(seechapter9formore to berankedas‘BestUrban’according tothe areparts oftheVillage orhavethepotential remaining forcommercial andotheruses.All growth atBuckshaw, withatotalof65hectares developed tocreate substantial employment Revolution regional investment siteare being Commercial5.36 MatrixPark,Southern andthe is capacityforafurther2300dwellings. have beencompleteduptoApril2010,andthere sustainable urbanvillage.About1730dwellings will ultimatelyhouseupto8,000peopleina and privateinvestmentinthesitescheme in the1990s.There isalready considerablepublic Royal Ordnance munitionsfactorywhichclosed of Euxton.Itislocatedonthesiteaformer between SouthRibbleandChorleytothenorth development sitethatspanstheboundary isamixed-use,brownfield5.35 BuckshawVillage Bucksh aw Village StrategicSit aw Village Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 e

station andparkride are alsoproposed. enhanced busserviceaccessibility. Anewrailway local road networkare necessarywithgreatly to beextended.Significantimprovements tothe needed andanearbyhealthcentre willberequired 5.41 Inrespect ofinfrastructure, aprimaryschoolis Central Lancashire. quickly toaddress thehousingneedsofPreston and it isaservicedsitethatcanbebrought forward under S7(1)oftheNewTowns Act1981.Inaddition New Town andhasanextantplanningpermission commitment from theformer CentralLancashire Town OutlinePlan.Thegreenfield site forms a local plansandtheCentralLancashire New Local PlanProposals Mapof 2004andinprevious which reflects previous allocationsonthePreston vision forPreston assetout intheCore Strategy, Cottam isstrategicallysignificantforthespatial 5.40 Thedevelopmentoftheremaining areas at Cottam Hallsites. homes couldbeprovided across theBrickworksand employment. Itisanticipatedthataround 1,300 for amixofusesincludingretail, residential and of theredevelopment ofthe nearbyBrickworkssite adopted anInterimPlanningStatementinsupport Plan hasbeensubmitted.Preston CityCouncilhas Outline PlanningApplicationincorporatingaMaster to promote theremainder ofCottamHallandan about halfcomplete.TheHCAisactivelyseeking extension thatcommencedinthe1980sbutisonly of alargerCentralLancashire NewTown urban and CommunitiesAgency(HCA)formspart known asCottamHall-isownedbytheHomes previously developedland.Thegreenfield land– 60ha ofgreenfield developmentand14haof developable area oftheStrategicSiteincludes Cottam Brickworkssite.Intotaltheremaining Centre, aswellthederelict urbanbrownfield greenfield landtothenorthwestofPreston’s City 5.39 ThisStrategicSitecomprisesmostly Cottam StrategicSite

5. Spatial Strategy 45 Page 46

Central Preston Strategic Location 5.44 Allied to the new Central Business District proposals is the continued expansion of the University 5.42 The Strategic Location of Central Preston of Central Lancashire. This would include the includes the City Centre, which in turn includes development of knowledge based employment the new Central Business District Area (CBD) and sectors within Central Preston that can benefit from the Tithebarn Regeneration Area. It also includes links to the University and the sub-region’s expertise an area north east of the City Centre (Inner East in high technology manufacturing. Preston) which exhibits some of the highest levels of deprivation in the City. 5.45 The Tithebarn Regeneration Area is located in the north east quarter of the city centre. It is key to 5.43 The new CBD covers a gross area of the vision for Preston City Centre and is seen as a approximately 37 hectares occupying a pivotal critical catalyst for the wider regeneration aspirations location covering the western and north-western of Central Lancashire. It is an appropriate location for sides of the city centre. It has significant locational large scale mixed use re-development. advantages in terms of its position between the main rail station, the University of Central Lancashire 5.46 It is expected that the Tithebarn development (UCLan) campus and the main retail and civic areas will begin by the middle of the plan period. The new of the city centre. It is highly accessible by all modes CBD is a long term project proposed towards the end of transport. The new CBD is expected to provide of the plan period. Comprehensive regeneration of up to around 175,000 sq. m of high quality modern Inner East Preston is anticipated in the second half office development and a range of complementary of the plan period. Development of the Tithebarn uses such as hotels, conference facilities, residential Regeneration Area will necessitate the replacement (including live-work units), restaurants and pubs of the bus station. Major works to the electricity grid and ancillary retail facilities. A supplementary and the installation of a new primary sub-station have planning document has been produced to guide the been completed but connections thereto will need to development of the CBD consistent with national be made. A need for a new health facility has been planning policy and the Plan identified. Major improvements to cycling, walking Regional Strategy to 2021. This was adopted by and crossing facilities and footbridge over Ringway Preston City Council on 6 April 2011. are also needed. there canbesubstantialdevelopment inthisarea. network andpublictransportprovision before however, neededinconnectionwithboththeroad Systems atWarton. Significantimprovements are, the SpringfieldsFuelsLtdestablishmentandBAE knowledge basedindustriesinFylde,particular relation toemploymentopportunitiesinhighvalue, with Fyldetothewest.Thearea iswelllocatedin M6 totheeastandlocalauthorityboundary clearly definedboundaryoftheM55tonorth, rounding off oftheurbanformPreston witha to thestrategicsiteatCottamandprovides a the M55.TheStrategicLocationiscomplementary A6 toincorporatelandnorthofEastway/south Lane, southoftheM55),andextendingeast of SandyLane,northHoylesLane/Lightfoot area eastwards totheareas knownasBartle(east of theM55stretching from westoftheCottam 5.47 Thisisabroad sweepofgreenfield landsouth North West Preston StrategicLocation Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 masterplan. seek toco-ordinate development inthisarea viaa phasing fortherelease ofland.TheCityCouncilwill beyond theplanperiod.Itwillsetoutappropriate and willalsoindicatelandthatmayberequired be brought forward withinthisStrategicLocation Allocations DPDwillidentifytheextentoflandto new healthcentre willberequired. ThePreston Site requirements, aprimaryschoolisneededand infrastructure, inadditiontothetransportrelated manage principlesofimplementation.Inrespect of later planperiodsthrough theplan,monitorand protecting thoseareas thatmightbeneededin clarity aboutthefuture developmentofthearea, of thisarea asaStrategicLocationprovides over theplanperiod(to2026).Overallinclusion 5.48 Thearea willcontributeupto2500dwellings

5. Spatial Strategy 47 Page 48

South of Penwortham and north of Delivery of Strategic Sites and Farington Strategic Location Locations

5.49 This is a broad area of search, comprising of 5.51 A comprehensive assessment of the transport greenfield land, south of Kingsfold that stretches network improvements is required to deliver the southwards to the household waste recycling centre development of the Strategic Locations and the at Farington, and is bounded to the west by the A582 wider development strategy for Central Lancashire and to the east by the West Coast Main Line and and outlying areas. This provides a clear opportunity beyond by Tardy Gate District Centre. The location to identify a strategic and integrated solution is of strategic significance by virtue of its ability to through the provision of major additional transport significantly contribute to South Ribble’s infrastructure infrastructure to serve these and other locations and housing requirements. This Strategic Location for growth and investment in and around Central would result in the rounding-off of the Preston and Lancashire, including the Enterprise Zone and major South Ribble Urban area as defined in Policy 1 of the employers nearby, in this plan period and for the Core Strategy. The area is well located in relation to longer term. A Highways and Transport Master Plan employment opportunities at the Cuerden Regional exercise to be led by Lancashire County Council as Investment Site and at the existing Business Parks in highway authority will complement master planning Farington and at Moss Side. Existing infrastructure for development through the Core Strategy and will could be capitalised upon but more significant further inform and support the selection and delivery investment will be required in the immediate vicinity of sites through the Site Allocations DPDs for Preston to help to deliver development at the Strategic and South Ribble. Location.

5.50 The area could contribute between 1200 and 2000 dwellings. Development is unlikely to be completed before the end of the plan period (2026). Overall, the inclusion of this area as a Strategic Location provides clarity about the future development of the area, protecting those areas that might be needed in later plan periods through the plan, monitor and manage principles of implementation. In terms of infrastructure, in addition to the transport related requirements, a primary school and a medical centre are needed and improvements will be required in Tardy Gate District Centre. The South Ribble Site Allocations DPD will identify the extent of land to be brought forward within the Strategic Location and will also indicate land that may be required beyond the plan period. It will set out appropriate phasing for the release of land. document (Figure 19). The KeyDiagramisinsidethebackcoverofthis of whichare setoutinPolicy1,LocatingGrowth. proposals containedintheCore Strategy, many 5.54 TheKeyDiagramillustratesthekeyspatial to accessoff-site services. for usesthatwouldgeneratelargenumbersoftrips accessible locationssoare normally notappropriate use. Suchsitesare generally notinthemost the siteownersmayconsequentlyseekanalternative Green Belt(a‘MajorDeveloped Site’)maycease,and Occasionally, thehistoricuseofalargesitein justified inaccordance with nationalplanningpolicy. settlement tomeetaparticularlocalneedmaybe of anappropriate scaleon the edgeofarural Rural Economy. Affordable housingdevelopment existing buildings,inaccordance withPolicy13– scale infillandthechangeofuseorconversion and investmentshouldbeconfinedhere tosmall the interests ofsustainable development,growth centres, there are manysmallersettlements.In 5.53 Outsideofthemainurbanarea andservice Other Settlements survive andprosper. to servicesisessentialifruralcommunitiesare to local housingandemploymentneeds.Goodaccess services andare wellplacedtoprovide forfuture residents andthoseinnearbyvillageswithbasic towns. RuralLocalServiceCentres servetheirown transport connectionswithservicesinthenearby Urban LocalServiceCentres benefitfrom short from LocalServiceCentres inmore rurallocations. which are more urbanincharacter, are distinguished Key ServiceCentre townsofChorleyandLeyland, 5.52 ThoseLocalServiceCentres thatare closetothe Local ServiceCentres Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 refers tohousingdeliverycontingencies. series ofcontingencyoptions.Chapter8specifically Framework attachedtothisCore Strategyidentifiesa adequate flexibilitythePerformanceMonitoring to 2026.To dealwiththisuncertaintyandtoensure cannot beguaranteedthroughout theplanperiod delivery ofsufficienthousingtomeet requirements the nationalandlocaleconomy. Itmeansthatthe present, giventhegenerallydepressed stateof circumstances. Thispresents specialchallengesat demonstrate thatitcandealrobustly withchanging 5.55 To beeffective, theCore Strategymust Flexibility andContingencies

5. Spatial Strategy 49 Page 50

Policy 1: Locating Growth

Focus growth and investment on well located brownfield sites and the Strategic Location of Central Preston, the Key Service Centres of Chorley and Leyland and the other main urban areas in South Ribble, whilst protecting the character of suburban and rural areas. Some Greenfield development will be required on the fringes of the main urban areas. To promote vibrant local communities and support services, an appropriate scale of growth and investment will be encouraged in identified Local Service Centres, providing it is in keeping with their local character and setting, and at certain other key locations outside the main urban areas. Growth and investment will be concentrated in:

(a) The Preston/South Ribble Urban Area comprising:

i. The Central Preston Strategic Location and adjacent inner city suburbs, focussing on regeneration opportunities in Inner East Preston, the Tithebarn Regeneration Area and the New Central Business District Area in particular.

ii. The northern suburbs of Preston, focussing on Local Centres, with greenfield development within the Cottam Strategic Site and the North West Preston Strategic Location.

iii. The settlements south of the River Ribble, comprising: • Penwortham, focussing on the regeneration of the District Centre*, but with some greenfield development at the South of Penwortham and North of Farington Strategic Location. • Lostock Hall, focussing on the regeneration of brownfield sites. • Bamber Bridge, focussing on the regeneration of the District Centre* and brownfield sites. • Walton-le-Dale, Higher Walton, focussing on brownfield sites.

(b) The Key Service Centres of:

i. Leyland / Farington, focussing on regeneration of Leyland Town Centre* and brownfield sites.

ii. Chorley Town, focussing on the regeneration of the Town Centre* but with some greenfield development.

iii. Longridge, where land within Central Lancashire may be required to support the development of this Key Service Centre in Ribble Valley.

(c) Strategic Sites allocated at:

i. BAE Systems, Samlesbury – employment ii. Cuerden (Lancashire Central) – employment iii. Buckshaw Village – mixed use unless there are exceptionalreasons forlargerscaleredevelopment schemes. appropriate infilling, conversionofbuildingsandproposals tomeetlocalneed, Developed Sites-developmentwilltypicallybesmallscaleandlimitedto (f) support theprovision ofservicestothewiderarea: Local ServiceCentres tohelpmeetlocalhousingandemploymentneeds (e) Limitedgrowth andinvestmentwillbeencouragedatthefollowingRural

Service Centres tohelpmeethousingandemploymentneeds: (d) Somegrowth andinvestmentwillbeencouragedatthefollowingUrbanLocal * tohavetheleastnegative impacts. with prioritylocations; * tospread growth andinvestment across anidentified hierarchy is overallthemostsustainableoptionidentified: The optiontakenforward intothisversionoftheCore Strategy, Sustainability Appraisal * AsdefinedbyPolicy11 Inotherplaces-smallervillages,substantiallybuiltupfrontages andMajor iii. Longton ii. Eccleston i. vi. v. Euxton iv. Coppull iii. ii. i. Adlington Brinscall /Withnell Whittle-le-Woods Clayton-le-Woods (LancasterLane) /Green Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

5. Spatial Strategy 51 6

Delivering Infrastructure

Strategic Objective

SO 2 To ensure there is sufficient appropriate infrastructure to meet future needs, funded where necessary by developer contributions. Infrastructure canoffset carbondioxideemissions. reduce overallcarbondioxide emissions.Green and number oftrips,givetransportalternatives to transportinfrastructure can reduce the Improving transportinfrastructure andaccessibility Tackling Climate Change impact onhealthandwellbeing. conservation andrecreation havingapositive Green Infrastructure canprovide areas fornature benefiting healthandwellbeing. efficient interchange between modesoftransport better walkingandcyclingfacilities,more Well plannedtransportinfrastructure canprovide Promoting HealthandWellbeing can makeplacesmore accessibleandfunctional. expansion andintegrationtoexistinginfrastructure High qualitydesignofnewinfrastructure andthe Achieving GoodDesign Cross CuttingThemes Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

each unitofdevelopment,suchasperdwelling. Community Infrastructure Levyortariff isappliedto into astandard chargetypeapproach whereby a development. Thisprocess iscurrently evolving also usedtomitigateotheradverseimpactsofa of thePlanningAct.Suchcontributionsare individual legalagreements underSection106 are known,istheprocess ofreaching separate is changing.‘Developercontributions’,asthey provide infrastructure through planningpermissions 6.4 Thewaynewdevelopmentscanberequired to infrastructure. should reflect allthedevelopment costs,including Although inpracticethepricepaidforland generally provided and/orpaid bydevelopers. demand associatedwithnewdevelopmentis 6.3 Increased infrastructure servicesarisingfrom refurbishment/replacement programmes. existing demandplussome‘natural’growth and funding butthisisgenerallyaimedatcateringfor are sources supportedbynational government of public sectorproviders –e.g.health,education, plans are overseenbypublicregulators. Local private sectorcompaniesalthoughtheirinvestment telecommunications, are provided forprofit by 6.2 The‘public’utilityservices–electricity, gasand variety ofinfrastructure providers. Sites andLocations(seeChapter5).There isa the particularrequirements relevant totheStrategic that willbeneededtohelpdeliverdevelopmentand Strategy are theessentialpiecesofinfrastructure 6.1 WhathasbeenestablishedforthisCore

6. Infrastructure 53 Page 54

6.5 The advantages of a levy are that the process 6.7 Establishing a workable levy type approach with of negotiation for each development is curtailed, tariffs that are set at appropriate levels will require developers and landowners know in advance what further research as well as consultation with the such costs will be charged and the monies collected development industry and infrastructure providers in can be used for a range of infrastructure related addition to wide community engagement. The key purposes not necessarily connected to individual to avoiding adverse impacts of new developments on developments. The difficult aspect for local planning existing and new communities is the timely provision authorities is establishing the range of infrastructure of the necessary infrastructure and other mitigation that will require developer contributions and setting measures. the levels of the levy for each type of development which take account of economic viability. 6.8 A separate Infrastructure Delivery Schedule itemises the essential strategic requirements as the 6.6 In respect of residential levy, work done through first part of a full Infrastructure Delivery Plan that the Housing Viability Assessment Study suggests that will be worked up alongside preparation of the Site that a levy of up to £10,000 per dwelling would be Allocations Development Plan Documents and the viable in most parts of Central Lancashire. The Study development of a levy Standard Charging Schedule. was conducted mainly to establish the proportions Policy 2 covers all physical, social and green forms of of affordable housing that could be viably achieved infrastructure provision. from market housing schemes. A further factor taken into account by the research was the cost of dwelling construction particularly taking account of the different ‘Code for Sustainable Homes’ levels. Establishing the economic viability of development

therefore requires a multi-faceted assessment which will vary for different land uses. Also individual sites may have genuinely unforeseeable abnormal costs (such as unrecorded mine workings) that necessitate the standard charge being varied. and agencies. provision willbecoordinated anddelivered inpartnershipwith other authorities and spentontheprovision ofmore localisedinfrastructure. The infrastructure in linewithfuture growth, althoughsomemonieswillbespecificallycollected Development. Thiswillensure thatappropriate enablinginfrastructure isdelivered infrastructure, which will belinkeddirectly tothecommencementandphasingof The localplanningauthoritieswillsetbroad prioritiesontheprovision of provided aspartofthe developmentproposals. actual provision ofinfrastructure, worksorfacilitiesnormallycovered bythelevyis The levytobechargedonaspecificdevelopmentwilltakeaccountofcaseswhere considerations. contribution tothecostsofprovision aftertakingaccountofeconomicviability will ensure thatallsuch developmentmakesanappropriate andreasonable through oneoff negotiationsand/orbyapplyingalevyasappropriate. This infrastructure, worksorfacilitiesand/orfinancialcontributionswillbesought In suchcircumstances developercontributionsintheformofactualprovision of local planningauthority. impact ofthatdevelopmentonexistingcommunityinterests asdeterminedbythe infrastructure requirements necessarytosupportdevelopmentandmitigateany through developercontributions,thatnewdevelopmentmeetstheonandoff-site If afundingshortfallinneededinfrastructure provision isidentified,secure, likely fundingsources. what couldbemetthrough developercontributions,havingtakenaccountofother that willarisefrom orbemadeworsebydevelopmentproposals anddetermine Work withinfrastructure providers toestablishworksand/orservicerequirements Policy 2: * Overallno significantadverseimpacts. guidelines relating todevelopercontributions. * Nooptionswere proposed for thispolicyasthere are strictgovernment economic andenvironmental sustainability. utilities andgreen infrastructure whichcoverallthree aspectsofsocial, supports theinclusionofabroad rangeofinfrastructure includingtransport, * Itisapositiveinclusionwithinthesustainability appraisalprocess asit evolved asaresult ofrepresentations received attheIssuesand Optionsstage. * Thispolicyisarelatively newadditiontotheCore Strategyprocess and Sustainability Appraisal

Infrastructure Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

6. Infrastructure 55 7

Sustainable Travel

Strategic Objectives

SO 3 To reduce the need to travel, manage car use, promote more sustainable modes of transport and improve the road network to the north and south of Preston.

SO 4 To enable easier journeys into and out of Preston City Centre and east/west trips across South Ribble, improve movement around Chorley, as well as safeguard rural accessibility, especially for mobility impaired people. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 57

7.1 Increasing accessibility and promoting sustainable travel is a key theme within this chapter. Currently, most journeys in Central Lancashire are undertaken by car, commuting to and from work, causing peak hour traffic congestion. Long term Cross Cutting Themes predictions of future car use indicate a rise in the Achieving Good Design number of trips, despite increased fuel prices and more opportunities to work and shop from home. The layouts of new developments should include The majority of trips undertaken are short – fewer safe and secure pedestrian routes and cycleways than two miles and many could be made by walking linking with local services including public transport or cycling instead of in cars. Sustainable travel connections to enable necessary longer trips. alternatives need to be supported and promoted Promoting Health and Wellbeing through the plan period. This includes enabling the use of alternative fuels for transport purposes such Walking and cycling are good forms of exercise as electric vehicle charging stations. increasing cardio-vascular activity and reducing the risk of heart related diseases. There are lottery Table 2: Proportions of Trips by funded ‘cycling for health’ schemes in Preston, Different Methods of Travel South Ribble and Chorley. Method of England Chorley Preston South Tackling Climate Change Travel & Wales Ribble Car travel produces high proportions of carbon % of total trips dioxide (and other polluting emissions) per vehicle Work 9.2 9.3 7.4 8.1 occupant; walking, cycling and public transport mainly produce far fewer emissions. from home Drive car 55.2 65.5 55.9 64.6 Car 6.3 7.3 7.5 7.4 Passenger Bus 7.4 3.3 11.2 5.8 Train 4.1 1.8 0.7 1.0 Motorcycle 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 Bicycle 2.8 1.8 2.6 3.9 Walk 10.0 9.2 12.9 7.2 Other 4.0 0.8 0.9 0.7

Source: Census of Poulation, 2001

7.2 The Census of Population (2001) travel to work data illustrates the pattern of commuting travel. The table shows that Central Lancashire has an above average car use and all bar South Ribble have below average bicycle use. The wide availability of long-stay public parking and free private workplace parking makes such trips by car attractive. Train use is below the national average. Bus use is also below the national average, except in Preston. 7. Sustainable Travel Page 58

Figure 9: Central Lancashire Main Travel Flows

Motorways Lancaster Main A Roads Cumbria / Scotland Preston Boundary South Ribble Boundary Chorley Boundary Railway Line Railway Station Travel to work within Central Lancashire (width of line in proportion Preston to volume)

Blackpool / Fylde Coast

Ribble Valley / Yorkshire

South Blackburn/ Ribble Pennine Lancashire

Chorley

West Lancashire Southport / Liverpool

Wigan Birmingham / London Bolton / Greater Manchester

Source: Central Lancashire LDF Team sustainable travelsolutions. increase traveldemandandrequire avarietyof Leyland andChorley, increased populationwill City Centre andelsewhere inurbanareas including new developmentproposed inthe impact. With decisions inPreston willhavethegreatest beneficial trips madetoorwithintheCity. Sustainabletravel within CentralLancashire, with themajorityof 7.6 Preston hasthegreatest concentrationofjobs be seeninChapter12. reduce airpollution.Further detailsonairqualitycan supported byChapter5willreduce tripsandthus Locating developmentinaccessiblelocationsas congestion willhaveapositiveeffect onairpollution. 7.5 Reducingtheneedtotravelandminimisingtraffic Reducing theneedtotravel Strategy. Itwillalsoidentifyprioritiesforinvestment. including thosesetoutintheCentralLancashire Core economic developmentandspatialplanningpriorities, out future highwaysandtransport strategylinkedto Plan forCentralLancashire. TheMasterPlanwillset to thedeliveryofaHighwaysandTransport Master Implementation Plan for 2011/12 to 2013/14 commits Local Transport Plan(LTP) 2011-2021.TheLTP contribute toshapingLancashire CountyCouncil’s 7.4 Informationfrom theTransport Modelwill growth. appropriate transportsolutionstoaccommodating effects). TheModelwillbeusedtoidentifythemost development proposals (includingthecumulative andpredicttravel patterns thelikelyimpactof Model willbeusedtofurtherunderstandexisting 7.3 ThenewlybuiltCentralLancashire Transport Transport Model

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 not revert backtoprevious preconceptions. grows transportmodesandpeopledo inalternative to deliverreliable servicesso thatpublicconfidence raising awareness abouttravel options,istheneed sustainable travelbehaviour. Akeyingredient, after in theearlystageofdevelopmentstoencourage such ascarsharing,theycanalsobeintroduced employees tousesustainablewaystravelwork Traditionally usedbyemployerstoencouragetheir perceptions andreducing theneedtotravel. 7.8 Travel Planscanbeanothertoolinchanging residential areas shouldalsobepursued. the road safetybenefitsof drivingbelow20mphin controls. Measures tomakecommunitiesaware of and junctionimprovements assistedbyelectronic public transport,suchasproviding missinglinks also benecessarytocomplementenhanced Some improvements totheroad networkwill train services,tominimisedelayandinconvenience. easy interchange betweenconnectingbusand essential, asistheneedforjointworkingenabling information ontraveloptionsandchoicesis transport modesare tobeachieved.Greater the needtotravelandencouragingchanging of traveloptionsneedtobemanagedifreducing 7.7 Consumers’travelattitudesandperceptions Changing Travel Attitudes

7. Sustainable Travel 59 Page 60

Promoting Walking and Cycling Promoting Public Transport - Trains

7.9 Pedestrian schemes and networks are more 7.11 Preston functions as a transport gateway localised. A Quiet Zone has improved the and interchange of more than sub-regional environment of the university campus in Preston significance. It has Lancashire’s largest and busiest and a Clear Zone will improve the City Centre for railway station; all passenger trains within Central pedestrians. Further improvements will follow in Lancashire stop or terminate here and overall nearly Leyland town centre. In Chorley, Market Street is 4.5 million passengers per year use the station. closed to through traffic and the completion of the A fast service runs on the West Coast Main Line western bypass has taken more traffic movements (WCML) through Preston and link to London, out of the town centre. Further improvement is Birmingham, Glasgow and Edinburgh providing required to provide safe and convenient paths and excellent business connections. Preston is well pavements in urban, suburban and rural areas. located to act as a gateway for future high speed rail services. Central Lancashire is also well placed 7.10 For many journeys, cycling offers an to benefit from the proposed ‘Northern Hub’ rail alternative mode of transport to the car. Research improvements across the North of England. suggests that cycling has the greatest potential of any mode for reducing car use. Traffic on main 7.12 More locally, Preston is at the centre of rail roads discourages cycling but a growing network of services to Manchester and beyond (including cycle routes with both on-road lanes and off-road the airport), Liverpool (via Wigan or Ormskirk), cycleways (such as those along canal towpaths) Blackpool (including the airport), Cumbria, East can make cycle journeys safe and convenient Lancashire and beyond. These are important links across Central Lancashire. Whilst Buckshaw village for commuters and business travellers, as well has won an award for its cycling facilities, there as for shopping and leisure trips. There is some is a need for more investment to capitalise on existing overcrowding on local trains, especially the potential for increasing cycle use within the to Manchester and national/regional travel trends area. Cycle network plans are being drawn up for indicate a rise in demand, however most services Preston, Chorley and Leyland. The Guild Wheel currently cope at peak times. Initiative will create a cycle route approximately 21 miles long and will follow a combination of 7.13 Recent years have seen some investment new and existing cycle routes, many of which are in local train services. In 2011 a new station and off road. The Wheel also links five National Cycle Park and Ride opened at Buckshaw Village using Network routes to Lancaster, Blackburn, Wigan, a combination of developer and national funding. Blackpool and Southport. Further improvements will be made through the provision of new rail stations to increase efficiency and travel choice. Planned electrification schemes will mean that by 2016 there will be quicker, more efficient services from Manchester and Liverpool via Preston to Blackpool North, using better rolling stock than at present. Elsewhere there are deficiencies to be remedied by providing more car and cycle parking, easier access for mobility- impaired passengers and real time information for passengers, particularly at Leyland and Adlington stations. Phased improvements at and around Preston station will help to maintain its role as a gateway and interchange for Lancashire. South Ribble. need tobeimproved inLeyland andelsewhere across redevelopment scheme.Bus interchange facilities south ofChurch Street aspartoftheTithebarn permission hasbeengrantedforanewbusstation replaced bynewandimproved facilities.Planning gateway andinterchange Preston busstationwillbe order tocontinuemeet Preston’s role asatransport appearanceandapoorimage.In a rundowninternal bus/railinterchange.modern Preston busstationhas transit networktomaximiseridership.Chorleyhasa facility wouldneedtobeextendedthefullrapid electronic real timeinformationatbusstops.This Preston busservicesalready7.15 Within benefitfrom and Chorley. Centre andservicesconnectingtheCitywithLeyland would includethemainradialroutes intoPreston City with dedicatedbusroutes. Thenetworkrequired the privatecar, abusrapidtransitsystemisneeded but, inorder toprovide anattractivealternative lanes andprioritymeasures reduce thedelaytobuses vehicles havetoshare thesameroad space.Bus there are oftendelaysduetocongestionasall 7.14 Thebusisapopulartransportchoice;however, Promoting PublicTransport -Buses Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 some otherdevelopment. Ride sitewithashared use carparkoralongside locations itmaybepossibletointegrateaParkand and complementexistingbusservices.Atseveral bus travel(includingtheuseofrapidtransit) designed tohelpsatisfyadditionaldemandfor Preston, locatedclosetokey routes. Theywillbe and Ridecarparksatanumberoflocationsaround have beenidentifiedassuitableforbusbasedPark transport andthereby reduce congestion.Sites encourage travellerstotransferfrom cartobus supporting networkinfrastructure willhelp 7.17 ParkandRideproposals withsuitable Park andRide co-ordination. and wouldbenefitfrom more fundingand Demand ResponsiveTransport servicesare limited hospitals andotherservices.However, these dependent usersfortheiressentialtripstolocal specialist pre-booked servicesaimedatthemost includingtaxisharingandother alternatives addition totraditionalbusservices,there are mobility-impaired peopleandteenagers.In highly dependentonthem,particularlyolder, declining useinrecent years.Somepeopleare typically theseare lessfrequent andhaveseen 7.16 There isawidespread ofruralbusservices;

7. Sustainable Travel 61 Page 62

Managing Car Use Road Schemes 7.20 Within Preston a bypass at Broughton is 7.18 High usage of cars is the main cause of road planned, to be funded by developer contributions. congestion in peak times. The Central Lancashire Prospects for a Penwortham bypass are lower but Transport Study predicts that total annual trips to future traffic growth will bring increased pressure to work by car in the Plan Area would rise from 28 to improve the A582 and provide a better link between 34 million by 2018 if high development growth is the A59 and the M65 and M6 motorways, thus achieved and there is no switch to public transport. justifying the inclusion of this scheme in Policy 3. A further increase to 38 million car trips a year is predicted on the same basis by 2028. In practice, Motorway Network congestion could discourage an increase in car use and also restrict economic growth. High vehicle 7.21 Central Lancashire is well connected to the occupancy road lanes could reduce congestion, and national motorway network and this is an essential Quiet Zones should improve environmental conditions requirement for local firms for both business travel for residents living close to busy roads. and road freight. There are very limited opportunities for rail freight connections in the area because Car Parking of a lack of sites and suitable sidings. Preston is well served by motorway junctions and the City is 7.19 The management of public car parks for both bypassed by through traffic. However, motorway short stay and long stay can influence car use. Also congestion still occurs on the 8-lane section of the public car parking charges will have an impact on the M6 east of the City, with peak hour traffic queuing numbers of people choosing to use their cars. There to get off the motorway at its junctions with the M55 will be a review of work place car parking. Local and M61. car parking standards will be produced. However, in certain circumstances, taking account of local 7.22 M6 Junction 29 and M61 Junction 8 have character, it will be appropriate to apply car parking been improved to serve the ongoing housing and standards flexibly. employment development at Buckshaw Village. There are however a number of local issues relating to access to the motorway network within Central Lancashire. These include the unauthorised use of the M6 service area as a motorway access, access to the M6 at Junction 31A and local access to the M6 between Junctions 32 and 33. The District Councils, Lancashire County Council and the Highways Agency will continue to work together to consider issues affecting the motorway network within the area.

Implementation

7.23 The funding of initiatives proposed in Policy 3 will partly be derived from developer contributions through the proposals set out in Policy 2.

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

7. Sustainable Travel 63 Page 64

Policy 3: Travel

The best approach to planning for travel will involve a series of measures:

(a) Reducing the need to travel by: i. encouraging more flexible working patterns and home working ii. enabling better telecommunications for business, education, shopping and leisure purposes iii. assisting home deliveries of ordered goods

(b) Improving pedestrian facilities with: i. high quality designed City and town centre paving schemes ii. safe and secure urban and rural footways and paths (including canal towpaths) linking with public transport and other services

(c) Improving opportunities for cycling by: i. completing the Central Lancashire Cycle Network of off-road routes (including canal towpaths) supplementing this with an interconnected system of on-road cycle lanes and related road junction improvements

(d) Improving public transport by: i. providing new railway stations at Buckshaw Village*, Cottam*, Midge Hall and Coppull (* park and ride sites), and improving Preston and Leyland stations ii. creating a bus rapid transit system on routes into Preston and to Leyland and Chorley iii. improving main bus routes elsewhere iv. supporting Demand Responsive Transport

(e) Enabling travellers to change their mode of travel on trips through: i. providing a ring of new bus based park and ride sites around Preston at – Broughton Roundabout, Tickled Trout, Penwortham, Cuerden and . ii. improving car and cycle parking facilities at railway stations, including at Adlington iii. better coordinated bus and rail services iv. providing better public transport interchanges and hubs including a new bus station at Preston v. preparing, implementing and monitoring Travel Plans including Personal Travel Plans

(f) Encouraging car sharing by: i. promoting work based schemes ii. providing high vehicle occupancy road lanes into Preston (i) Enabling the use of alternative fuelsfortransportpurposes (i) Enablingtheuseofalternative

(h) Improving theroad networkwith:

(g) Managingcaruseby: public transportandmanaging caruse. aspects oftheoptionspresented andencourages walkingandcycling,efficient * TheCore Strategypolicybrought forward encompassesthemostsustainable other benefits. have significanteconomicbenefitstheenvironmental harmwouldoutstrip H tocompletethemotorwaylinkaround CentralLancashire, whilstthiswould * However, OptionGpromoting aroad linkoverthe RiverRibbleandOption publication policy. benefit andassuchacombinationofoptions shouldbebrought forward inthe encouraging sustainabletravelhadsomesocial,environmental andeconomic * Thesustainabilityappraisaluncovered thatallproposed optionsfor Sustainability Appraisal v. iv. iii. ii. i. v. pursuingQuietZones iv. iii. ii. i. variable trafficflowmeasures onexisting roads improvements between CottamandEastway improving theA582and linkingtotheA59 completing anewroad from Walton Parkthrough toLostockHall bypasses ofBroughton andPenwortham setting andapplyingcarparkingstandards reviewing workplacecarparking public carparkingcharges Chorley andLeyland managing longandshortstaycarparkinginthecentres ofPreston, Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

7. Sustainable Travel 65 8

Homes For All

Strategic Objectives

SO 5 To make available and maintain within Central Lancashire a ready supply of residential development land over the plan period, so as to help deliver sufficient new housing of appropriate types to meet future requirements. This should also be based on infrastructure provision, as well as ensuring that delivery does not compromise existing communities.

SO 6 To achieve densities for new housing that respect the local character of surrounding areas, whilst making efficient use of land.

SO 7 To improve the quality of existing housing especially in Inner East Preston and pockets of poor stock in South Ribble and Chorley, and to bring empty properties back into use.

SO 8 To significantly increase the supply of affordable housing and special needs housing particularly in places of greatest need such as in more rural areas.

SO 9 To guide the provision of pitches for Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling Showpeople in appropriate locations if genuine need arises. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 67

8.1 The Government’s key housing policy objective is to ensure that everyone has the opportunity of living in a decent home, which they can afford, in a community they want to live.

Cross Cutting Themes 8.2 Central Lancashire currently benefits from a balanced mix of housing types, tenures and ages Achieving Good Design within urban and rural settings. Generally, housing Well designed housing is attractive in appearance quality is of an acceptable standard and in locations and setting but also efficient to run and well suited with good accessibility and services, so creating to the needs of the occupants, particularly in respect attractive places to live. House prices are typically of adaptability as personal circumstances change high which creates issues of affordability. through life. 8.3 Housing can be assessed in key strands: Promoting Health and Wellbeing delivery, density, quality and need which are Poor housing conditions such as damp conditions discussed throughout this chapter. or inadequate heating can directly cause ill health. Housing that is expensive to heat causes stress for households on low incomes. Poorly adapted Housing Delivery properties for mobility restricted residents undermine 8.4 The Regional Strategy (RS) sets out housing wellbeing. requirements for each authority, informed partly by Tackling Climate Change future household projections as well as optimistic A significant proportion of total carbon dioxide future economic growth assumptions. Being emissions arise from energy inefficient housing derived from preparatory work done before the dependent on non-renewable power sources. The recession, the RS housing requirement figures Core Strategy sets out to reduce and minimise did not take account of the economic downturn emissions, especially from new homes. that started at the end of 2007 and the severe effect it had on the delivery of new housing. The proposed revocation of the RS and the Coalition Government’s associated ‘localism’ agenda will give local authorities the scope to produce locally derived housing requirement figures. It is intended that the Central Lancashire authorities will monitor and review the housing requirements in the Core Strategy for the lifetime of the plan. 8. Homes For All Homes For 8. Page 68

8.5 The Central Lancashire authorities are 8.8 Building trends across Central Lancashire as a committed to fostering economic growth and the whole show that RS targets have not been met in related economic prosperity. Housing delivery the past four years (see table opposite). There are is a component of economic growth however a number of contributory reasons including: the it is important that the supply of housing land economic recession, lack of availability of finance does not excessively exceed demand. Such an for developers and prospective home owners, and imbalance could lead house builders to pursue an undermining of investment confidence. House only the easiest to develop sites. This would risk building rates in the most recent year (2009/10) undermining the spatial focus of the Core Strategy are a particular concern. They appear to show of directing development to the more sustainable the housing market performing differently across urban locations. It is also imperative that housing Central Lancashire with high dwelling completions development is well served by timely delivered in Chorley, much lower levels of construction in infrastructure so that services are not overloaded. South Ribble and very few new homes built in The authorities’ pursuit of the Central Lancashire Preston. and Blackpool Growth Point was influenced by a desire to secure funding for infrastructure. Housing Land Availability 8.6 The Growth Point aimed to uplift the rate of house building to a level of over 30% above 8.9 A Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment RS levels for the period to 2017. However, the (SHLAA) for Central Lancashire has been carried recession and reduced Growth Point funding out and kept under review. This requires the local has made such an uplift unlikely. In any event authorities to reach agreement with representatives there was no intention to exceed the RS total of the local house building industry on what amount requirement to 2021 or beyond. of land is likely to be developed over the next 15 years based on sites with development potential. 8.7 The number of new households forming is Developers were pessimistic about future housing partly influenced by economic circumstances which delivery prospects during 2008/09 and remained so in turn also affect the financial ability of households in 2009/10, expecting the recovery from recession to to live in separate dwellings. The 2006-based be slow with restrictions on the availability of loan household projections (by the Office of National finance to remain for several years. The forward Statistics (ONS) predict that there will be 30,000 looking SHLAA trajectory of envisaged house building more households in Central Lancashire in the 20 levels from potential development sites is reproduced years up to 2026 - the end of the Core Strategy opposite shows an increasing reliance on greenfield plan period. The ONS projections are higher sites over a 15 year period but it is probable that more than those used to determine the RS housing (as yet unidentified) brownfield sites will become requirements. However they are not formal policy available for development during that time. figures and may prove to be too high because (amongst other things) household formation is both deferred and concealed during times of recession. The more recent 2008-based household projections (released in November 2010) are lower than the 2006-based ones. A survey of local households undertaken for the Strategic Housing Market Assessment suggests that about 7.5% of them are made up of 3 or more person 25 years of age or older. This would equate to over 10,000 households across Central Lancashire. Figure 11:CentralLancashire HousingTrajectory (after demolitions) Figure 10:HousingCompletionsinCentralLancashire 2003/04to2010/11 (after demolitions) Table 3:HousingCompletionsinCentralLancashire 2003/04to2010/11 Total Ribble South Chorley Preston

Number of Completions Per Year Housing Completions 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 2003/04 0 0 1431 308 538 2009/10 585 2003/2004

2010/11

2011/12 2004/05 2004/2005 1680 657 479 2012/13 544

2013/14 Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 2005/2006

2014/15 2005/06 1636 520 489 627 2015/16 2006/2007

2016/17 Year Year

2017/18 2006/07 970 284 121 565 2007/2008 2018/19

2019/20 2007/08 2008/2009

2020/21 1217 320 288 609

2021/22 South Ribble Chorley Preston

2022/23 2009/2010 2008/09 Brownfield Sites Greenfield Sites

2023/24 1135 312 355 468 2009/10 616 171 440 5 2010/11 875 221 527 127 Total 9560 3023 3284 3253

8. Homes For All 69 Page 70

8.10 This short-term pessimism is compounded by a 8.12 It is appropriate for local planning authorities number of factors which came to the fore, or became to be flexible in providing for the delivery of entrenched, in the summer of 2010: new housing especially given the vagaries of the economy and the housing market. • Reduced funding for the Homes and Communities Agency and a review into how their local land 8.13 Table 4 reproduces the RS housing land assets are to be released requirements for the three Central Lancashire • Continued loan finance restrictions for both Districts. These are minimum requirements, net of developers and prospective house owners demolitions. The RSS explains this in the following terms. “The overall housing requirement figures ... • Requirements for local authorities to re-justify and the annual average figures are not absolute the receipt of Growth Point funding targets and may be exceeded where justified • Severe reductions in overall public sector funding by evidence of need, demand, affordability and • Increased inflation sustainability issues and fit with relevant local and sub-regional strategies.” 8.11 In addition there are a number of significant short and medium term uncertainties concerning: 8.14 It is appropriate to monitor the performance of house building rates over rolling three year • Whether the ending of Growth Point funding will periods as it is normal for construction activity be replaced by other funding streams to fluctuate from one year to the next both in • The extent of further cuts in public sector funding terms of overall numbers of units built and the respective proportions on green and brownfield • Financial incentives for house building and sites. The Performance Monitoring Framework government planning policy generally such as in identifies a series of contingency options should respect of developer contributions housing delivery fall below 80% of the housing • Infrastructure funding requirements over a three year rolling average. • The possibility of a ‘double dip’ recession Under these circumstances the phasing policies in Site Allocations Development Plan Documents could be changed to help bring forward uncommitted developments and closer management of delivery with key partners may be pursued. However care must at all times be exercised to ensure such adjustments do not adversely affect housing markets by exacerbating affordability problems. If these fail to remedy the situation the Councils would consider reviewing policies with the aim of bringing forward additional/alternative sites for housing development. * Netofdemolitions development issetoutinTable 1inChapter5. 8.16 Thelikelydistributionofhousing predict future outcomes. analysis ofdatatounderstandtrends and Regular monitoringwillbeundertakenand no compromise onoveralldesignstandards. housing deliveryrequirements butthere willbe to beflexibleintheirapproach tomeetthe longer thanexpected,authoritieswillneed inthehousebuildingmarkettakes an upturn 70% targetisstillachievable.Intheeventthat trends, (derivedfrom theSHLAAevidence)a terms ofpastperformanceandlikelyfuture of housingdevelopmentsuchlandbothin after takingaccountofthischangeinrespect gardens asgreenfield land.Howevereven planning policyhasnowreclassified residential developed (brownfield) land.National of newhousingbeingprovided onpreviously 8.15 TheRSsetsatargetof“atleast70%” Lancashire (total) Central South Ribble Chorley Preston Authority in CentralLancashire Table 4:HousingRequirements 1,341 417 417 507 (dwellings) Requirement* RSS Annual Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 broad locations forfuture growth. by identifyingspecific developablesitesor sites forhousingand inthelongerterm a furthersupplyofspecific, developable identifying inSiteAllocations Documents is identifiedforthe medium termby (d) Ensuringthatsufficienthousingland the Planarea. types necessarytomeettherequirements of will provide therangeandmixofhouse housing) andsuitablefordevelopments that the brownfield target(of70%ofallnew locations thatare inlinewiththePolicy1, of eachannualmonitoringperiodandin year supplyineachdistrictfrom thestart providing acontinuous forward looking5 land suitableforhousebuildingcapableof (c) Ensuringthere isenough deliverable markets withinoroutsidethePlanarea. adversely impactonexistinghousingor actions taken;provided thiswouldnot match and/orotherappropriate management adjusted asappropriate toachieveabetter the phasingofuncommittedsiteswillbe are missedbymore thanminus20%, housing completionsortheuseofbrownfield year review period,any targetsrelating to construction levels.If,overthelatest3 performance onthebasisofrolling 3year (b) Keepingunderreview housingdelivery dwellings overthe2010-2026period. the planperiodequatingtoatotalof22,158 also beingmadeupovertheremainder of with priorunder-provision of702dwellings •Chorley417dwellingspa •SouthRibble417dwellingspa 507dwellingspa •Preston requirements asfollows: (a) Settingandapplyingminimum housing by: Provide forandmanagethedeliveryofnew Delivery Policy 4:

Housing

8. Homes For All 71 Page 72

Policy 5: Housing Housing Density Density 8.17 Another aspect of housing quality is the density at which housing is built. Central Lancashire covers The authorities will secure densities a variety of places with different characteristics, of development which are in keeping including a mix of inner urban locations typically built with local areas and which will have at 80-90 dwellings per hectare (dph), and suburban no detrimental impact on the amenity, and rural locations at 25-35 dph. Different densities character, appearance, distinctiveness will be appropriate across different areas. and environmental quality of an area, consideration will also be given to 8.18 Density is an important consideration in any making efficient use of land. proposed housing scheme, however the key objective is to achieve high quality design that responds to the character of the area in terms of existing density, siting, layout, massing, scale, design and landscaping etc. The appearance of a scheme is as much to do with the scale and volume of the buildings as it is with the actual numbers of dwellings on a site.

8.19 The importance of high quality design for all types of new buildings is emphasised in Chapter 10 of this Core Strategy.

8.20 High density does not imply poor design quality, overcrowding and reduced space standards nor does it necessarily mean forcing high quantities of buildings in small spaces. Conversely, applying high density standards can lead to ‘standardised developments’ with little or no local character and identity. Equally, low density does not imply good design quality or respect of local character if the scale of development or size of buildings is out of context.

8.21 National policy no longer sets out an indicative minimum density of 30 dph but making efficient use of land is a consideration especially in the most sustainable locations, such as urban centres like Preston City Centre, where higher densities will be appropriate. Conversely, there may be other situations such as in rural settings where the site’s context and the character of the surrounding area would justify a development with a lower density. Site specific guidance on density will be provided through the Site Allocations Development Plan Documents. Bringing‘emptyproperties’ backintousewill • can beachievedinanumberofways: 8.24 Improving thequality ofexistinghousingstock existsthroughoutpattern theplanarea. are individualauthorityvariations butingeneralthis terraces andflatsthanthe regional average.There more semi-detachedproperties aswellfewer significant representation ofdetachedhouses,slightly private ownership.Housetypeisalsovariedwitha where manyCouncilhomes were transferred to increased alsothrough the‘RighttoBuy’initiative within CentralLancashire than thenationalaverage, percentage ofowneroccupied properties ishigher comprises avarietyofages,typesandtenures. The 8.23 Currently, inCentralLancashire housingstock paramount importance. Therefore improving thequalityofexistingstockis period beingasmallpercentage oftheoveralltotal. with newhousingdelivered throughout theplan the existingstockbefore theplanperiodbegan, of housingwithinCentralLancashire willcomprise current andfuture households.By2026,themajority delivering qualityhousingthatreflects theneedsof commitment toimproving existingstockand of newhousingwithinCentralLancashire isa 8.22 Alongsidedeliveringatargetrequirement Housing Quality increase thestockofaffordable homes. tenures andtypeswithinanarea andcould of theseproperties couldcreate abroader rangeof the Councils’EmptyHomesStrategies.Conversion Communities StrategyandInvestmentPlan, Mid-Lancashire Housingand Sustainable also realise existingassets, asguidedbythe improve thequalityofresidential areas and Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Targeting co-ordinated regeneration action • Raisingtheenergyefficiencyofproperties can • assistance canbesecured. improve theirproperties andarangeoffinancial can require noticestobeservedonowners the Housing,HealthandSafetyRatingSystem accommodation. Riskassessmentsthrough owned properties, oftenusedforstudent within formerCouncilstockaswellprivately East Preston andLeylandtowncentre, both on poorhousingstock,particularlyinInner income toheattheirhomes. where theyneedtospendover10%oftheir to heatandcreates ‘fuelpoverty’forresidents poorly insulatedwhichmakethemexpensive have significantbenefits.Many properties are

8. Homes For All 73 Page 74

Policy 6: Housing 8.25 Delivering good quality new housing is also a priority which can be achieved in a number of ways: Quality • Applying the ‘Building for Life standard’ which is the national standard for well-designed homes Improve the quality of housing by: and neighbourhoods. The 20 Building for Life (a) Targeting housing improvements criteria embody the vision of functional, attractive in areas of greatest need ie Inner East and sustainable housing. The criteria set standards Preston, and combine this intervention for environment and community, character, streets, with wider regeneration initiatives such parking, design and construction. as in Leyland town centre; • Applying the ‘Lifetime Homes’ standard which encourages new housing (and neighbourhoods) (b) Encouraging the re-use of empty to be adaptable and flexible to owners’ changing housing for residential purposes through circumstances and covers aspects of design, space either their re-occupation or conversion standards and mobility impairment. including sub-division and amalgamation into other types of housing or to allow a • Raising the standard of private sector housing change to other uses complementary to developments, which are often built to lower the residential area; standards than housing association developments. • Applying the ‘Code for Sustainable Homes’ to (c) Facilitating the greater provision of encourage the overall increase in sustainability and accessible housing and neighbourhoods efficiency of new housing which will influence the and use of higher standards of increase of overall housing quality. construction. • Preparing and using a Design Guide Supplementary Planning Document (guided by Lancashire County Council’s “Civilised Streets” publication, CABE’s “By Design” and the Department of Transport’s “Manual for Streets”) should improve the design of all new housing, as will applying Policy 17 of the Core Strategy. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 75

Housing Needs Housing Market Tenure 8.30 There are three main types of housing tenure: The Housing Market • Owner occupied 8.26 The Central Lancashire Strategic Housing Market Assessment (SHMA) measured the self • Socially rented containment of the Central Lancashire Housing • Privately rented Market Area and found a high proportion (77%) of housing moves were occurring within the area. Not surprisingly, given its location, the least self contained district was South Ribble.

8.27 The Assessment further identified a series of sub-market areas which have since been refined through the Housing Viability Study. Both Figure 12: Household Tenure in assessments charted the decline in the housing market due to current adverse market conditions Central Lancashire yet recognised the overall increase in house prices since 2003, alluding to an affordability issue to be Total owned Total social rented discussed later in this chapter. Total private rented

40 Size/Type of Housing Market 35 8.28 The SHMA predicts that the on-going trend to smaller households will continue to 2026 with 30 the average size by then being 2.1 persons. There 25 are implications of an increasing aged population and this category of special housing needs is a 20 particularly pertinent issue for those aged over 15 75. For the 60 to 75 year olds, lifestyles and 10 housing expectations are different but the SHMA Households in £1,000’s Total found that over 7% of these households felt their 5 Total Households in 000’s Total home was not suitable and over a quarter of 60 0 Preston Chorley South Ribble plus households were living in under-occupied Preston Chorley South Ribble accommodation. Despite this, most people wanted Authority to stay in their own homes and have services come Authority to them.

8.29 The SHMA highlighted a high proportion of people aspiring to live in bungalows, possibly due to an ageing population, which raised a particular challenge to the house building industry as typically there is less interest to build bungalows due to their high use of land. In respect of other housing types, there was found to be a preference for 3 and 4 bedroomed detached and semi-detached houses and a low market demand for small flats. 8. Homes For All Homes For 8. Page 76

8.31 Most owner occupied housing is acquired 8.35 Until recently the cost of purchasing housing in with the assistance of a mortgage and usually the Central Lancashire had been rising rapidly, whereas repayments vary as borrowing interest rates change local income levels have risen at a far slower rate. over time. Some people purchase a part share of Even when prices fell in 2008, the household earnings their home with a mortgage type loan and pay rent ratio to house price ratio exceeded 1:5 and since then based on the remaining share. prices rose again in 2009 to be close to the long term trend so further exacerbating the issue of affordability. 8.32 Social rented housing, delivered through Housing Associations and Registered Social Landlords Level of Affordable Housing Need allow tenants the opportunity to rent properties at 8.36 The level of affordable housing required must lower than market rental rates. Social rented housing take account of a current lack of provision for existing has to meet a strict set of national requirements households, as well as the needs of newly forming including being in a good state of repair, and having households and future households. The Central energy efficiency levels above private housing Lancashire SHMA identified an annual average standards. Privately rented property commonly shortfall of 1,780 dwellings per year up until 2014, associated with private landlords allows the rental of which is more than the Core Strategy annual housing properties at market rates. requirement. However, in affluent areas where house prices are high it is common for the need Affordable and Special for affordable housing to outstrip the total housing Needs Housing requirement.

8.33 Delivering affordable housing is a key 8.37 The Housing Viability Study demonstrated that Government objective aimed at enabling everyone to although levels of economic viability varied over have a decent home that they can afford. Defined in the plan area in most locations, market housing its most simplistic way affordable housing is cheaper developments could support 30% of the scheme than that normally available on the market, but being affordable. The study also showed no evidence not cheaper as a result of being in a substandard that smaller sites are less viable than large sites but condition. did recognise the particular circumstances in rural areas with high need and generally smaller sites to 8.34 A more sophisticated definition of affordable justify a 5 dwelling threshold here. housing, one that is used by this Core Strategy, is based on a multiplier of average lower quartile Suitable Mix household income compared to the average lower 8.38 When delivering affordable housing there needs quartile house price. A household is considered to be a suitable mix of housing types and tenures unlikely to be able to afford to buy a home that costs to suit the broad needs of the population requiring more than 3.5 times the gross household income access to affordable homes, the SHMA advises on for a single income household or 2.9 times the gross these matters. household income for a two income household. If possible, any existing equity should also be taken into account. In rental terms a household is considered able to afford market rental prices where the rent payable is no more than 25% of their gross household income. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 77

Affordable Housing Type 8.42 Where a market housing scheme is proposed in a location that is not suitable for a proportion of 8.39 Unlike the situation for market housing, the affordable housing to be provided on-site (because preference for flats was found to be much more of a lack of local services or because there is already pronounced amongst people needing affordable a high proportion of affordable housing available housing, although bungalows were again popular. in the vicinity), it will be appropriate to secure a The numbers seeking sheltered housing was also commuted financial sum in lieu of direct provision quite high. Affordable tenure may be broken into that can be spent on providing affordable housing two main types: elsewhere where needs have arisen. An Affordable • Intermediate Housing Supplementary Planning Document will • Social Rented provide further detail and clarification.

8.40 Intermediate housing may be classified as Housing for Older and Vulnerable shared ownership schemes, whereby people purchase People a part share of their home with a mortgage type loan 8.43 A range of special housing and support and pay rent based on the remaining share. Social options are required for older and vulnerable rented affordable options charge rents lower than people who require assistance to maintain their market rates. In these properties, tenants may have independence. An analysis is currently being the opportunity to buy and if they do so, money undertaken of the level of need for supported secured on the property must be fed back into future housing using a North West tool which provides an affordable housing schemes. indication of the net requirement for services for a Locational Characteristics range of client groups by local authority. 8.41 The successful delivery of affordable housing 8.44 Given that it is only the second year that this also requires that it is close to shops and services so complex tool has been used, the figures should be as to reduce the need and cost of travel. In rural treated with some degree of caution. However, areas in particular, it is desirable to house local the model is a significant step forward in assessing people in their own village in order to maintain local the need for supported housing and provides the communities. House prices in rural areas of Central structure for collating local data in future which will Lancashire are significantly higher than in urban enable us to maximise the opportunities offered by areas and although average income levels are also the tool. Draft figures show significant shortages of higher, this is because many rural residents commute provision across a range of client groups. to better paid jobs in the towns and cities. The wage levels of rural based jobs are generally low. 8.45 The Supporting People Partnership is currently Consequently affordability of housing in rural areas developing plans for commissioning supported for those households dependent on local jobs is housing services for most client groups. This particularly problematic. includes identifying the level of need for extra care housing. 8. Homes For All Homes For 8. Page 78

Policy 7: Affordable and Special Needs Housing

Enable sufficient provision of affordable and special housing to meet needs in the following ways:

(a) Subject to such site and development considerations as financial viability and contributions to community services, to achieve a target from market housing schemes of 30% in the urban parts of Preston, South Ribble and Chorley, and of 35% in rural areas on sites in or adjoining villages which have, or will have, a suitable range of services; on any rural exception sites including those in the Green Belt there will be a requirement of 100%.

(b) Aside from rural exception sites the minimum site size threshold will be 15 dwellings (0.5 hectares or part thereof) but a lower threshold of 5 dwellings (0.15 hectares or part thereof) is required in rural areas.

(c) Where robustly justified, off-site provision or financial contributions of a broadly equivalent value instead of on-site provision will be acceptable where the site or location is unsustainable for affordable or special housing.

(d) Special needs housing including extra care accommodation will be required to be well located in communities in terms of reducing the need to travel to care and other service provision and a proportion of these properties will be sought to be affordable subject to such site and development considerations as financial viability and contributions to community services.

(e) Special needs housing including extra care accommodation will be required to be well located in communities in terms of reducing the need to travel to care and other service provision and a proportion of these properties will be required to be affordable.

(f) An accompanying Supplementary Planning Document will establish the following:

i. The cost at and below which housing is considered to be affordable. ii. The proportions of socially rented and shared ownership housing that will typically be sought across Central Lancashire. iii. Specific spatial variations in the level and types of affordable housing need in particular localities. iv. How the prevailing market conditions will affect what and how much affordable housing will be sought. equipment associatedwithfairsandcircuses. require mixedusesitesinorder toliveandstore their transit requirements, Travelling Showpeopleoften Traveller needsare centred around residential and do theyhavethesameneeds.WhilstGypsyand do nothavethesamecultures ortraditions,nor 8.47 GypsyandTravellers andTravelling Showpeople and Travelling Showpeoplepitches. applications willbedealtwithforGypsyandTraveller traveller Community. Policy8indicateshowplanning in Preston there isaneedgeneratedbytheexisting for additionalpitchesinCentralLancashire However Accommodation Assessmentfoundnoproven need Document. TheLancashire GypsyandTraveller specific sitesthrough aseparateDevelopmentPlan needed atalocallevel,authoritiescanidentify Travellers andTravelling Showpeople.Ifpitchesare for theaccommodationneedsofGypsiesand acts, haveresponsibilities torespond toandplan 8.46 Localauthorities,underhousingandplanning and Travelling Showpeople Gypsies andTravellers Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 wider landscape. immediate surrounding areas andthe (d) Nounacceptableimpactonthe use. account oftheopportunitiesformixed for businessuseandinanyeventtaking land althoughsuchareas maybesuitable contaminated andotherwiseunsuitable (c) Avoidance ofresidential useon of equipment. ofvehiclesaswellthestorage turning space withinthesiteforparkingand (b) Suitableroad access andsufficient travelling. the overallneedtoreduce longdistance shops andpublictransportaswell care provision, educationfacilities, services includingGPandotherhealth (a) Locationinrespect ofproximity to Showpeople sites: for GypsyandTraveller orTravelling applied toapplicationsforanyproposals the typeofpitchessought,shouldbe The followingcriteria,asrelevant to Accommodation Travelling Showpeople and Traveller and Policy 8:

Gypsy 79 8. Homes For All Page 80

Sustainability Appraisal

* A combination of the proposed options were taken forward into the Core Strategy including targeting housing improvements in areas of greatest need, encourage re-use of existing homes and seeking developer contributions for nearby housing improvements. These were deemed to be the most realistic and sustainable.

* Option C to promote clearance of sub standard housing is not a sustainable option and preference should be given to repairing properties where possible. Option F requiring contributions to Lifetime Homes does not need to be included in the Core Strategy as the requirement is partly covered by the Building Regulations.

* Affordable Housing was an important element of the Sustainability Appraisal and it was identified that seeking a percentage of affordable housing was a positive option. The appraisal also suggested that identifying amounts and allocating sites would be beneficial, however, it is not the role of the Core Strategy to allocate specific sites and as such this will be taken forward in Site Allocations Development Plan Documents, which will be subject to Sustainability Appraisal.

* The Housing Density policy emerged as a new policy within the publication version of the Core Strategy and as such was subject to a full sustainability appraisal. No significant negative effects were highlighted and in combination with other policies this was seen as a positive addition.

* Overall no significant adverse impacts.

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8. Homes For All 81 9 Economic Prosperity

Strategic Objectives

SO 10 To ensure there is a sufficient range of locations available for employment purposes.

SO 11 To secure major retail and leisure investment in Preston City Centre to enable it to function as a more attractive shopping and commercial destination, complementary to Manchester and Liverpool. To achieve the retail and leisure potential of Chorley and Leyland town centres and ensure the district and local centres provide for local needs.

SO 12 To create, enhance and expand tourist attractions and visitor facilities in the City and town centres and appropriate rural locations.

SO 13 To sustain and encourage sustainable growth of rural businesses, taking into account the characteristics of the rural fringe and wider countryside.

SO 14 To ensure appropriate education facilities are available and skill deficiencies are addressed.

Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 83

Economic Growth and Employment

9.1 The considerable economic growth potential of Central Lancashire can be viewed through its

Cross Cutting Themes relationship with the Manchester and Liverpool Achieving Good Design City Regions. Although it has a much smaller population, the employment and productivity The layout of new developments should secure a profile of Central Lancashire is considerably high quality and inclusive design which takes the more growth oriented. In terms of employment, opportunity available for improving the character Central Lancashire has been outperforming the and quality of the area and the way it functions. rest of Lancashire and the national average by Promoting Health and Wellbeing approximately twice the rate of growth between All economic development should be accessible by 1990 and 2004. In terms of forecast employment a choice of means of transport including walking, growth to 2015, both Central Lancashire and cycling, public transport and the car while mitigating the Manchester City Regions will provide above the effects on local traffic levels and congestion. regional average growth outstripping the Liverpool City Region. In terms of forecast productivity, it Tackling Climate Change is Central Lancashire and to a lesser extent the Any proposal for economic development should be Manchester City Region, that will be expected to planned over the life time of the development to provide the higher rates of growth within the North make the best use of natural resources, limit carbon West region. dioxide emissions and incorporate adaptability to climate change. Employment Land Review

9.2 Chapter 5 has already identified that Central Lancashire is well located to do business. A key feature of government guidance and of the Chorley, Preston and South Ribble Employment Land Review 2009 findings is that it is essential to have a wide range of different types of sites – a broad portfolio of land and buildings – suitable for various business uses in the area. This is particularly so in relation to those industrial sectors that are growing and for start-up firms. Across Central Lancashire the range of sites need to be complementary to one another and not in direct competition. The objective will be to provide a range of employment sites which are suitable, attractive and flexible to be able to cater for the needs of both local firms and inward investors. 9. Economic Prosperity Economic Prosperity 9. Page 84

9.3 The Employment Land Review found that 9.5 The Employment Land Review considered 218 Preston City has most office floorspace and, existing and proposed sites that were evaluated into although much of it is in the City Centre, the categories related to the quality of the sites, taking demand is such that there is a shortage of supply account of market attractiveness and sustainability here. This finding is backed up by the Lancashire factors. Some of the sites are fully developed Town Centre Offices Study 2008. South Ribble modern industrial estates and business parks. has more manufacturing floor space than either Generally these scored highly on the assessment and of the other two Districts, whereas Preston’s Inner are categorised ‘Best Urban’ or ‘Good Urban’. Area and Western Suburbs have shortages. A total of 43% of Central Lancashire’s warehousing 9.6 Older individual existing premises (such as former and distribution premises are in Preston City. The mills) generally scored less well in the assessment, Review also highlights there is little existing or usually because they are less well located and less proposed employment land located in rural areas, suited to modern uses. Most of these will be classed with particular shortages in the rural parishes of as ‘Other Urban’ premises. However many of the Chorley and South Ribble. ‘Other Urban’ sites will be quite acceptable to the firms that use them and be in demand from similar 9.4 The table below sets out provisional amounts businesses as they will often provide affordable of land required for economic development within accommodation with lower rental levels. Also such the B Use Classes B1 (Business); B2 (General premises will often be close to local supplies of labour Industrial) and B8 uses (Storage and Distribution). making journeys to work short and inexpensive. The table includes a figure for assumed losses of employment land/premises and development to an 9.7 On the other hand some of these older premises alternative use, in particular housing. Existing losses will be at the end of their useful life as commercial have been averaged between 2004 and 2009 and buildings for various reasons and may be more projected over the remaining 17 year period of the appropriately redeveloped for other uses. Housing Core Strategy. Losses need to be accounted for as is the most common alternative use and attractive otherwise there will be a significant reduction in to land owners because of the high value that goes the overall stock of employment land and premises with it. However such changes of use/redevelopment across Central Lancashire to cater for a range of need to be carefully controlled because of this businesses and employers. valuation effect and such sites will need to be subject to marketing and an assessment of the viability of employment development. The Review also identified the least attractive sites and a few are categorised Table 5: Proposed Provision of Employment as ‘Other’ sites – none of these are envisaged in Land 2010-2026 (hectares) the Review as suitable for retention as employment premises. Chorley Preston South Ribble 2009 Supply 91 107 179 Allowance 12 5.5 17.5 for Losses

Additional Provision to 14 13 27 2026

Minus take-up 5 7 0 2009/10 Total 112 118.5 223.5 the surrounding area. the scaleofbusinessanditspotentialimpacton permission forachangeofuse:thiswilldependon form ofemploymentuse.Itwillnotalwaysrequire support thelocaleconomy. Homeworkingisanother areas cancontributetoareduction incartraveland The developmentoflive/workunitswithinrural does notaffect theamenities ofadjacentneighbours. view provided theoveralllocation isappropriate and supported from asustainable developmentpointof for theseislikelytoriseinthefuture andneedstobe their homewithan‘attached’workspace.Demand work premises allowpeople toeffectively combine 9.10 Onamuchsmallerbutstillsignificantscalelive/ close totheirplaceofwork. They alsoretain theopportunity forpeopletolive implementation ofthetwousescanbetiedtogether. mixed useschemes.Through suchdevelopmentsthe employment andresidential developmentthrough effect canbestbeutilisedto achievebalanced number ofsitesformixeduse.Thevaluationuplift 9.9 TheEmploymentLandReviewrecommends a to provide guidanceontheprocess. Supplementary PlanningDocumentwillbeprepared of theviabilityemploymentdevelopment.A is neededincludingmarketingandanassessment under Policy10.Abalancedcriteriabasedapproach employment uses),includinghousingwillbeassessed or redevelopment (otherthanforBuseclass use classemploymentuse.Proposals forre-use and ‘GoodUrban’siteswillberetained forB There willbeapresumption that‘BestUrban’ purposes willbeprotected foremploymentuse. including landandpremises lastusedforemployment 9.8 Allexistingemploymentpremises andsites Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 good accessiblelocations. regionally significantdevelopments astheyare in Lancashire identifiedasbeing suitableforsub 9.12 There are three employmentsitesinCentral Developments Sub-Regionally Significant Employment Sitesfor details are setoutinChapter5. also significantfortheNorth West region. Further at theCentralPreston StrategicLocation.Theseare asStrategicSites,andidentified Buckshaw Village use atBAESystemsSamlesbury, Cuerden and 9.11 LandisallocatedinPolicy1foremployment Significant Developments Employment SitesforRegionally in theEmploymentLand Review. and cyclelinks.Thesiteis rankedas‘GoodUrban’ the A583,aregular busroute andgoodfootpath road network.There iseasy vehicularaccessfrom distribution accessedvia a goodqualityinternal light industry, manufacturingandwarehousing and wide rangeofemploymentusesincludingoffice, employment siteofover38hectares. Itcontainsa 9.15 Preston Riverswayisalargeestablished Riversway Preston ‘Best Urban’intheEmploymentLandReview. served byaregular busroute. Bothare rankedas situated closetojunction31aoftheM6andare about 38hectares lefttobe developed.Theyare large andregularly shaped sitesthattogetherhave 9.14 Preston EastandMillennium CityParkare and MillenniumCityPark Preston EastEmployment Area ‘Good Urban’siteIntheEmploymentLandReview. proximity toJunction8of the M61andrankedasa adjoining theLeedsLiverpoolCanalinclose (approximately 20hectares) greenfield site 9.13 Botany/Great Knowley isalarge Botany/Great Knowley

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Mixed Use Developments

9.16 The Moss Side Test Track site covers 54 hectares. It provides a good opportunity to deliver integrated employment opportunities with new housing provision, forming an urban extension to Leyland linked to the adjacent established residential and employment areas.

9.17 Lostock Hall Gasworks is a site of approximately 12 hectares. The site is centrally located within the urban core of South Ribble and provides a suitable location for mixed-use (residential, commercial and industrial) development, which will bring new employment that is accessible from existing residential areas as well as expanding the local housing options.

9.18 Former Whittingham Hospital has now been excluded from Policy 9 as it is only proposed to have a small proportion of non-residential development. (f) Live/workunitswillbeencouraged. create balancedcommunities. due accountoftheimpactonneighbouring occupiersandtheneedtomaintain and othersidentifiedintheEmploymentLandReviewsubjecttomixofuses including thoseofsub-regional significanceat: (e) Mixedusedevelopmentswillbeencouragedincentralandaccessiblelocations (d) andsub-regionally significantdevelopmentsforemploymentat: schemes at: Ribble urbanarea, LeylandandFarington,ChorleyTown withregionally significant (c) OthermajordevelopmentsforemploymentwillbelocatedinthePreston/South with more localofficeschemesinChorleyandLeylandtowncentres. Centre includingtheCentralBusinessDistrictareaRegenerationArea, andtheTithebarn (b) Regionalandsub-regional officedevelopmentswillbelocatedinPreston City 2010 and2026. (a) Theidentificationof454hectares oflandforemploymentdevelopmentbetween Economic growth andemploymentwillbeprovided forinthefollowingways: Policy 9: ii. LostockHallGasworks i. MossSideTest Track iii. Riversway ii. Preston East/Millennium CityPark i. Botany/Great Knowley iv. CentralPreston iii. BuckshawVillage ii. Cuerden (Lancashire Central) i. Samlesbury

Economic Growth andEmployment Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 taking

9. Economic Prosperity 87 Page 88

Policy 10: Employment Premises and Sites

All existing employment premises and sites last used for employment will be protected for employment use. There will be a presumption that ‘Best Urban’ and ‘Good Urban’ sites will be retained for B use class employment use. Proposals on all employment sites/premises for re-use or redevelopment other than B use class employment uses will be assessed under the following criteria:

(a) there would not be an unacceptable reduction on the type, quality or quantity of employment land supply;

(b) the provision and need for the proposed use;

(c) the relative suitability of the site for employment and for the alternative use;

(d) the location of the site and its relationship to other uses;

(e) whether the ability to accommodate smaller scale requirements would be compromised;

(f) there would be a net improvement in amenity.

Any proposals for housing use on all employment sites/premises will need to accommodate criteria (a)-(f) above and also be subject to:

(g) convincing evidence of lack of demand through a rigorous and active 12 month marketing period for employment re-use and employment redevelopment;

(h) an assessment of the viability of employment development including employment re-use and employment redevelopment. markets. part ofCentralLancashire andisfamousforits concentration ofshopsandservicesinthesouthern food sector. Thetowncentre provides thegreatest further investmentisrequired particularlyinthe mix ofnationalretailers andspecialistshops,although 9.22 Chorleyisacontemporarymarkettownwith a knowledge basedemployment). potential asasuccessfulcity(andcentre of seeks toensure thatPreston fulfilsitseconomic component oftheoverallstrategyforPreston, which RegenerationArea isanimportant of theTithebarn redevelopment. Thecomprehensive development appropriate locationforlarge scalemixeduse to enableregeneration and expansion.Itisan edgeoftheCityCentre,eastern andwelllocated RegenerationArea isonthe 9.21 TheTithebarn Liverpool. reducing theneedforlonger tripstoManchesterand comparison shoppingwithinthesub-region, thereby the wholeofLancashire by providing higherorder retail investmentinPreston CityCentre willbenefit in accordance withRSpolicies W1andW5.Major it istomaintainandimprove itsoverallperformance, station. TheCityCentre requires furtherinvestmentif Business Districtdevelopmentclosetotherailway administrative activity, withproposals foraCentral shopping. Itisthecentre forcommercial and Lancashire sub-region foritsnon-food(comparison) in CentralLancashire, andisrankedfirstinthe 9.20 Preston isthemainretail andservicecentre Development ManagementPoliciesDPDs. will bedesignatedthrough theSiteAllocationsand will beprovided. Primaryandsecondaryfrontages a hierarchy ofretail centres where thisdevelopment establish theneedfornewdevelopmentandsetout National policystatesthatdevelopmentplansshould leisure, are importantelementsofthestrategy. 9.19 Retailandothertowncentre uses,suchas Retail, Leisure andBusinessTourism Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 the planarea asshowninfigure 13overleaf. recommends ahierarchy ofthetopretail centres in 2026. Together withaTardy GateSurvey, italso space thatcanbeprovided forovertheperiodto comparison andconvenienceshoppingfloor Review 2010identifiescapacityforadditional 9.26 TheCentralLancashire RetailandLeisure from theirimmediatecatchment areas. main foodstores derivethe majorityoftheirtrade small (5%orlessfrom the surrounding areas). The convenience goodsexpenditure intothePCAis retail PrimaryCatchmentArea (PCA).Inflowof attracting some95%oftheirtradefrom the main stores (Asda,Morrisons, Tesco, Sainsburys) provided forwithinCentral Lancashire withthe 9.25 Foodretailing (convenience) provision iswell goods andservices. maintained asconvenientplacestoobtainbasic of localcommunities.Itisimportantthattheseare Service Centres provide forthedaytoneeds share ofretail expenditure. DistrictandLocal role theyrequire investmenttomaintaintheir them tocontinuefulfiltheirKeyServiceCentre at adifferent leveltoPreston citycentre butfor 9.24 ChorleyandLeylandtowncentres operate town andattractretail investmenttothearea. Masterplan seekstoimprove theappearanceof a poorenvironment. TheLeylandTown Centre from oneanother. Muchofthetowncentre has all fallwithinthetowncentre butoperatedistinct superstore, andtheChurchill RetailPark.These Towngate area, whichfeatures aTesco Extra shopping core ofHoughLane,thesouthern 9.23 Leylandtowncentre comprisesatraditional

9. Economic Prosperity 89 Page 90

9.27 The sale of goods traditionally found in town centres such as clothes, footwear and home wear has recently expanded at out-of-centre retail parks in Central Lancashire. Main town centre uses will be focussed in the defined town centres.

9.28 Business based tourism will be increasingly important within Central Lancashire, especially supporting the Central Business District proposal in Preston and increased business uses throughout the area. Sub-regional provision is appropriate within Preston City Centre, with more local provision in Chorley and Leyland town centres.

Figure 13: Central Lancashire Retail Hierarchy

Preston City Tier One City Centre

Chorley Leyland Tier Two Town Centre

Bamber Penwortham Longton Bridge

Clayton Tardy Gate Cottam Buckshaw Village Green (Proposed) Euxton (Proposed)

Tier Three District Centres

Sources: Central Lancashire Retail and Leisure Review, 2010 / Tardy Gate Survey, 2010 particularly business basedtourism. (g) Supportingcityand towncentre development providing for touristsandvisitors, (f) Focussingmaintowncentre usesinthedefinedtowncentres. appropriately servelocalneeds. and LocalCentres andproposed centres atStrategicSitesandLocations,soasto (e) Maintaining,improving andcontrolling themixofusesinexistingDistrict Leyland Town Centre Masterplan. particular theaccessibility, designandenvironmental improvements putforward inthe (d) Maintainingandimproving thevitalityandviabilityofLeylandtowncentre, in improving thecentre’s appearance andaccessibility. further retail development, supportingarangeofotherretailers andservices,aswell building onthesuccessofMarketWalk shoppingcentre, through investing in (c) Maintainingandimproving thevitalityandviabilityofChorleytowncentre by centre intheLancashire asawhole. Preston citycentre, soastoretain itsrole asthelargestretail, commercial andservice (b) Encouragingotherretail, officeandleisure investmentofanappropriate scalein Regeneration Area of Preston. (a) Deliveringamixed-useschemetofacilitatetheregeneration oftheTithebarn Retail andtowncentre useswillbedelivered inthefollowingways: •DistrictCentres: BamberBridge,ClaytonGreen, Longton, •PrincipalTown Centres: LeylandandChorley •CityCentre: Preston The keyelementsofthehierarchy are: assists inmaintainingitsexistingretail function. the characterofcentre, includingitsspecialarchitectural andhistoricinterest and in sustainablelocationswillbesupported,provided thatthedevelopmentrespects Retail andothertowncentre usesofascaleappropriate totheretail hierarchy and and BusinessBasedTourism Policy 11: Penwortham andTardy Gate,andthoseproposed atBuckshawVillage andCottam

Retail andTown Centre Uses Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

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Policy 12: Culture Leisure/Cultural Entertainment and Entertainment 9.29 ‘Culture’ includes a wide range of activities and initiatives such as the arts, sports, libraries, museums, Facilities heritage, archaeology, archives, architecture, crafts, children’s play, reading, parks, tourism, countryside, Plan for culture and entertainment by: and recreation. Culture is not just about activities, it’s about shared history and values. Healthy, sustainable (a) Promoting Preston City Centre communities should have ample cultural and leisure as a sub-regional centre for cultural opportunities for all. This section also looks at and entertainment facilities, with the entertainment because this is linked to the arts and key service centres of Leyland and to leisure. Chorley providing for local cultural and entertainment requirements; 9.30 Preston has the largest range of cultural and entertainment assets, including the Guild Hall complex and the Harris Art Gallery and Museum (b) Protecting existing cultural assets and Central Library. South Ribble’s assets include with a view to helping them to adapt to the Worden Arts and Craft Centre and Samlesbury new challenges; Hall. Chorley is home to Astley Hall Museum and Art Gallery, and . (c) Promoting public art and public realm works in town centres and gateways and 9.31 Culture has an important role in revitalising seeking developer contribution funding and regenerating towns and cities. In Preston, where appropriate; the proposals for the Tithebarn Regeneration Area include the refurbishment of the Guild Hall and a new cinema. South Ribble is aiming to develop the (d) Encouraging cultural and heritage family entertainment offer in Leyland. Culture and based tourism and leisure facilities, such entertainment are also important in attracting visitors as restaurants, cinemas, theatres and to the area, and in attracting investment and skilled museums, particularly in Preston City people to live and work in Central Lancashire. Centre.

9.32 The culture and entertainment sectors are constantly evolving and the challenge is to protect important assets whilst enabling them to adapt to new challenges. Cultural and entertainment facilities often benefit from being part of a “critical mass”, so it makes sense to try and locate new facilities near to established ones. Public realm works (public art) should be located where they will have greatest impact – gateways to the city and town centres.

9.33 Cultural tourism and leisure facilities such as restaurants, cinemas and theatres will be encouraged, particularly within Preston City Centre. Previous studies have indicated that there is a need to improve the range and quality of leisure facilities in the city centre, which currently has no cinema provision and limited restaurants. There is a need to introduce a quality night time economy to attract people into the city centre in the evening and improve its vitality.

and 13. attractions inruralareas are covered inPolicy12 the criteriaforconsideringlargescalebuiltleisure villages. Provision ofland for employmentusesand for developmentandinvestmentinadjoiningsmaller Policy 1oftheCore Strategy, asare opportunities Centres) relate tothecountrysideissetoutin Service Centres andlarger villages (LocalService the scaleofeacharea. The mannerinwhichKey that growth anddevelopment isappropriate to the needsofexistingresidents ofruralareas and ensuring thattheruraleconomyisviable,meets 9.35 Spatialplanninghasakeyrole toplayin real estate,renting andbusinessactivities. repairs, manufacturing,health andsocialwork many businesses,includingwholesaleandretail trade, the ruraleconomyinCentralLancashire supports including ruraltourismandleisure. Beyondfarming, as businessesassociatedwithcountrysidepursuits agriculture andotherfarmbasedindustries,aswell and communities,where economicactivitiesinclude flooding. Thecountrysideisalsohometosettlements challenges ofclimatechange,suchasdrought and resource formitigatingandadaptingtothevarious and carbonmanagement.Rurallandisavital recreational spaceandopportunities,foodenergy goods andservices,includingcleanwater, biodiversity, rural economyprovides awiderangeofimportant interdependence betweenurbanandrurallife.The of CentralLancashire, where there isoftenaclose countryside’ –commercial activitiesintheruralparts withthe‘working 9.34 Thissectionisconcerned Sustaining theRuralEconomy Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 also Policy31onagriculturalland). to increase productivity onfarmlandinBritain(see more globalself-sufficiency, there tobepressure there islesstradeinstapleagriculturalgoods,and Britain isanetimporteroffood,soifinthefuture than foritbetransportedthousandsofmiles. be more sustainabletosource foodlocallyrather across Britain.Itisnowwidely acknowledgedto other globaltrends are already affecting farming drought andotherclimate changes.Theseand parts oftheworldbecauseimpacts countries andareduction in crop yieldsinsome energy costs,changingdietsindeveloping are risingbecauseofpopulation growth, increased undergoing aperiodofchange:worldfoodprices forestry andfishingin2006. Farmingis employee jobsinLancashire were inagriculture, local ruralemploymentisinagriculture: 1.1%of the countryside,butonlyasmallproportion of 9.37 Farmingisthemostdominantlandusein market garden landusesare widespread. Lancashire Plain,where more intensivearableand urban core istheflattermore fertilelandofthe the West PennineMoors.To thewestof in theuplandareas oftheForest ofBowlandand typically opencountrysidegivenovertopasture garden centres. Furthereastandnorthismore Green Infrastructure uses),horseridingand forms ofcountryparks,golfcourses(andother urban demandsforrecreation andleisure inthe to as‘urbanfringe’.Muchofthislandserves open land(muchofitGreen Belt),oftenreferred immediately nexttotheseurbansettlementsis Adlington andCoppullinthesouth.Between core stretching from Preston Cityinthenorthto Lancashire ischaracterisedbyamore urbanised 9.36 TheSpatialPortraitdescribeshowCentral

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9.38 Global trends in farming and food are likely to 9.41 Garden centres, golf courses and horse lead to an expansion of local agricultural production, stabling/riding schools provide employment particularly of crops using the most fertile land, such opportunities and services to local people in the as that on the west side of Central Lancashire. There Central Lancashire countryside. Investment in may be some switch to growing bio-fuel crops. Some these businesses will be managed sensitively so local producers, especially livestock and poultry as to protect the open aspects of the countryside, farmers, may change from intensive farming to more and minimise the impact of development on the open, free range practices in order to meet customer landscape. demand for local extensively reared produce. 9.42 Central Lancashire has a number of regionally 9.39 The investment responses made to the dynamics important rural based tourist attractions and of farming will be influenced by European Union destinations. Rural based tourism will generally policies and the availability of finance, including be supported in appropriate rural areas where it farm subsidies. Changes in farming practices will is shown to have no environmental harm. The also affect the environment and the appearance of area’s inland waterways as well as the Forest of the countryside. Where farming activity intensifies, Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and there may be pressure for the development of the West Pennine Moors are important rural tourist new buildings, including poly tunnels. Where the destinations, where sustainable tourism activity that intensity of farming activity decreases, there will be will strengthen and diversify the economic base opportunities to re-use surplus buildings for other will normally be supported. Particular emphasis is purposes. Farm investment and diversification will placed on improving the quality of existing visitor also create or respond to opportunities for non- accommodation and the need to broaden the range farming uses such as visitor facilities, storage, or small of attractions. scale high technology businesses. 9.43 Visitors to these features are likely to sustain 9.40 Rural residents in Central Lancashire have, attractions and employment, which will continue to on average, a higher level of skills compared with evolve and create new business opportunities. The residents in neighbouring urban areas, and a Core Strategy is designed to enable appropriate greater proportion of rural residents are engaged development and flexibility for tourism and leisure in professional occupations. As this group often operators so that they can invest in or respond holds the resources to explore self employment and to changes in visitor and leisure preferences. For business starts, this is a significant latent business instance, there may be a need for investment in pool. It is important to both recognise this potential shorter stay accommodation including caravanning and facilitate rural economic development. Primarily and camping if more people take local leisure this will be micro scale and experience has shown breaks and their main holidays in this country, that many business ‘start ups’ can be accommodated as a result of foreign air travel becoming more within the home. Live/work development is an expensive. important enabler although the operating success of these schemes will often be dependent on 9.44 Further detail on the implications of the policy the availability of high speed broadband internet will be included in a Supplementary Planning connections. The Core Strategy will, where Document. appropriate, encourage the development of incubator business units within village environments, and will encourage flexible or shared uses of buildings in order to safeguard local services. It will also expect proposals to incorporate excellent design, minimise landscape impact, and be adaptable to meet climate change challenges. infrastructure canaccommodatetheimpacts ofexpansion. should alsobeofan appropriate scaleand belocatedwhere the environment and Infrastructure andthefunctioningofecologicalframeworks. Development without underminingthepurposesof Green Belt,thefunctioning oftheGreen conserve andwhere possibleenhancethecharacterandquality ofthelandscape In allcases,proposals willberequired toshowgoodsitinganddesigninorder to development proposals whichwouldresult intheirloss. where shared uses(co-location)willensure theoperationofkeyservices,andresisting (i) Allowingflexibleserviceusesofbuildings in recognised District andLocalCentres development, includinglive/workunits. (h) Encouragingmicro growth pointswithinruralareas forknowledge economy commercial, tourismand live/workuses. Allowing limitedextensionandreplacement ofexistingbuildings,withapreference for

needed foragriculture butwhichenablefarmdiversificationwhere they: (f) shown tobenecessaryforincreasing foodproduction. (e) Encouragingappropriate newfarmbuildingsandstructures where theycanbe centres andgolfcourses, bydirecting proposals totheurbanfringe areas. (d) Managingthedevelopmentofurbanrelated usessuchashorsestabling,garden proven demand. (c) Allowingcaravanandcampingusesonappropriate sitessubjecttothere beinga business andstorageactivities. (b) Supportingruralbasedtouristattractions,visitorfacilities,recreational uses, speed broadbandservicesinruralareas. internet (a) Working withtelecommunicationsproviders toincrease theavailabilityofhigh encouraging appropriate growth ofruralbusinesses inthefollowingways: Achieve economicandsocialimprovement forruralareas bysustainingand Policy 13: iii. ii. Donotcompromise theworkingoffarm; i. usesoffarmbuildingsnolonger Supportingsensitiveconversionsandalternative Are locatedwithinor near theexistingfarmcomplex. Sustain andmaintainthecore farmbusiness;

Rural Economy Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

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Policy 14: Education Education, Skills and Economic Inclusion Provide for Education requirements by:

Education (a) Enabling new schools and other 9.45 Levels of achievement in Central Lancashire educational facilities to be built in schools have generally risen, and are above the locations where they are accessible county average in South Ribble and Chorley. by the communities they serve, using However, Preston’s overall performance is slightly sustainable modes of transport. below average, although broadly in line with attainment nationally. There are spatial links between (b) Asking developers to contribute educational achievement and deprivation, with areas towards the provision of school places in central and east Preston being amongst the lowest where their development would result in 10% in the country. Many schools are in need of or worsen a lack of capacity at existing capital investment. schools.

9.46 Demographic changes mean that the number of children of school age has declined, and this trend (c) Working in partnership with the is expected to continue in the secondary schools education authority in any modernisation for a few more years. However, an increase in the programme requiring school closure or birth rate of approximately 15% since 2000 will new construction. see primary school rolls increase for the foreseeable future. A significant number of surplus places (d) Supporting the growth and have recently been removed by the closure of two development of higher and further secondary schools in Preston (together with the education, through close working with opening of an Academy) and primary school provision the relevant institutions. will be kept under review. Smaller, rural schools can be under threat if pupil numbers drop below a (e) Working in partnership with the viable level. NPPF Paragraph 74 affords protection to education authority and other service existing open space, sports and recreational buildings providers to identify opportunities for and land, including playing fields, which would cover the co-location of services to meet the school sites with such facilities. needs of the community. 9.47 The change in demand for school places presents an opportunity to review school provision and perhaps to merge schools to provide better facilities and to free up valuable sites. New schools can help in the overall regeneration effort, particularly if the buildings can also be used for community services. In some areas, particularly where new house building will increase demand, it is important that there is capacity in schools and that the County and District councils work together to ensure that there are sufficient places available to accommodate additional children.

9.48 When carrying out school reorganisation reviews, the location of any new schools at the heart of their communities should result in fewer parents using a car to transport their children to school. right skillstoaccessthesejobs. jobs. Itisimportantthatthelocalcommunityhas value ofthelocaleconomyandproviding higherpaid Core Strategysetstheframework forincreasing the labour poolfornewandexpandingenterprises.The development are essential to ensure askilledlocal required. Qualityhighereducation,trainingandskills even greater, andastepchange inskillsacquisitionis gap betweenLancashire and thenationaleconomyis between Lancashire andthe Northwestregion. The needed toaddress thegrowing economicgap difference betweencurrent skillsandthe Lancashire there9.50 Within isasignificant potential. needed totakeadvantageofthearea’s economic the workforce inCentralLancashire hastheskillbase and collegeshaveavitalrole toplayinensuringthat is amajorteachinghospital.TheUniversity, hospitals Lancashire Teaching HospitalsNHSFoundationTrust last decadeandnowhasover30,000students.The Lancashire (UCLAN)hasexpandedrapidlyoverthe over CentralLancashire. TheUniversityofCentral farming andruralskillsitscatchmentextends just outsidethecityboundary. Itspecialisesinsport, Myerscough CollegesituatedtothenorthofPreston, is generallyprovided atcolleges.Thisincludes 9.49 Post-16educationinCentralLancashire Skills andEconomicInclusion Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 and aerospace. economy, suchasICT, advancedmanufacturing will opportunitiesinhigherskilledsectorsofthe particular potentialtoretain thesegraduates,as industries, basedontheartsandmedia,hasa to workinthearea. Promotion ofcreative only athird ofUCLANgraduates remaining it isnotablethatgraduateretention islow, with ofskilledemploymentgrowth,Given thispattern is insectorsrequiring higher skills(NVQlevel4). that employmentgrowth in CentralLancashire andSkillsCouncilalsoindicates 9.52 TheLearning difficult toaccessemployment. order toreduce thenumberofpeoplefindingit important thatlowerlevelskillsare enhancedin Bridge are slightlybetter. theseareas itis Within worst 10%,butareas inKingsfold andBamber There are somesmallareas inLeylandthe Chorley town,Clayton-leWoods andCoppull. better butithaspocketsintheworst10%within the employmentandskillsindicator. Chorleyfares that are inthe10%mostdeprivednationallyon number ofareas, particularlyininnerEastPreston, of Deprivation2007showthatPreston hasa incomes orcannotfindemployment.TheIndices Those withlowornoformalskillsoftenhave (15.8%) buthigherthanthenational(13.6%). is lower(14.7%)thantheregional average of working-agepopulationwithnoqualifications Lancashire isinlowerskilledjobs.Theproportion proportion ofemploymentavailableinCentral and SkillsCouncilshowsthataconsiderable 9.51 Evidencefrom theLancashire Learning

9. Economic Prosperity 97 Page 98

Policy 15: Skills and Sustainability Appraisal Economic Inclusion * Options were concerned with the location of employment sites and the protection of employment sites. Overall, for the first issue Improve Skills and Economic Inclusion by: it was deemed that the most sustainable (a) Working with existing and incoming option would be to locate employment sites employers to identify skills shortages. in existing urban areas such as the city and town centres and to pursue development (b) Liaising with colleges, training on brownfield land. Secondly, employment agencies and major local employers sites should be protected from other uses to develop courses and life-long for economic sustainability and released only learning and increase access to training, where existing sites were no longer suitable particularly in local communities that are the most deprived in this respect. for their intended use. * A combination of options was necessary to (c) Encouraging knowledge based support the retail and leisure sector through businesses and creative industries encouraging improved and successful visitor, associated with the University of Central community and shopping facilities to meet Lancashire to enable graduate retention. economic and social sustainability outcomes as well as by reducing the need to travel and having a positive impact on environmental sustainability. These themes have been taken forward in the publication policy.

* Locating development within the rural areas and countryside is often a concern for environmental sustainability, however the appraisal recognised the need to support appropriate rural development to sustain the rural economy and enable the survival of rural communities and facilities.

* The sustainability appraisal identified a conflict between the need to open access to jobs and expansion of small businesses. A balanced approach is necessary and the policy taken forward is to support economic inclusion and provide greater access to jobs, in such a way that no significant environmental harm ensued.

* Overall the policies taken forward were deemed to have the fewest negative impacts.

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012

9. Economic Prosperity 99 10

Design

Strategic Objectives

SO 15 To foster ‘place shaping’ to enhance the character and local distinctiveness of the built environment in Central Lancashire by encouraging high quality design of new buildings.

SO 16 To protect, conserve and enhance Central Lancashire’s places of architectural and archaeological value, and the distinctive character of its landscapes.

SO 17 To maintain and improve the quality of Central Lancashire’s built and natural environment assets so that it remains a place with ‘room to breathe’. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 101

10.1 Ensuring high quality design in both the natural and built environment is an integral part of the Core Strategy and seen as one of the three main cross cutting themes. Design is relevant to all areas of place shaping from protecting Cross Cutting Themes heritage assets and encouraging sensitive design, Achieving Good Design to master planning for new developments. It is important to ‘design out’ crime, and to ‘design in’ The high quality design of new buildings and energy efficiency and other adaptations into new the creation or enhancement of existing green buildings to help reduce running costs, emissions infrastructure will enhance the character of the built and the impacts of climate change. Positive and natural environment, ensuring effective place design is crucial for the natural environment, from shaping across Central Lancashire. maintaining, enhancing and expanding ecological Promoting Health and Wellbeing networks and green infrastructure networks, to managing new development in areas of landscape Green Infrastructure can help make space for nature character or environmental designations. in urban areas, promote better health and affect people’s sense of wellbeing, defining how they feel 10.2 Central Lancashire has a rich natural, historic about the places where they live. A high quality and built environment, a strength that high quality built environment, including the development design can build upon during the plan period. of public art projects, has a positive effect on a community’s health and wellbeing. Design in the Built Environment Tackling Climate Change All new houses should be constructed to achieve 10.3 There are two main strands of the built high environmental standards under the Code for environment identified within this policy. Firstly, the Sustainable Homes, thereby reducing their carbon need to protect and conserve the heritage assets of footprint. The creation of new green and blue Central Lancashire and recognise the importance of (water) spaces can offset climate change and provide promoting good design and sensitive management pollution control, natural air cooling and vegetation for both heritage assets as well as the sensitive cover that helps prevent flooding. integration of modern design. Secondly, the need for good design for new development that conform to a broad range of building requirements, such as the Code for Sustainable Homes. 10. Design 10. Page 102

Policy 16: Heritage Protecting and Conserving Heritage Assets Assets 10.4 Central Lancashire boasts a rich and varied built environment, which includes landscapes, sites, Protect and seek opportunities to structures and buried remains of significant historic enhance the historic environment, and architectural interest. The individual heritage heritage assets and their settings by: assets date from prehistoric and Roman times to the present day, although much of the more visible a) Safeguarding heritage assets from buildings and townscapes stem from the recent inappropriate development that would industrial past. Heritage assets make a valuable cause harm to their significances. contribution to the areas economic and social wellbeing as well as providing a focus for heritage led regeneration. b) Supporting development or other initiatives where they protect and 10.5 Listed Buildings and Scheduled Ancient enhance the local character, setting, Monuments are protected by legislation and English management and historic significance of Heritage keep an up to date register of all listed heritage assets, with particular support buildings and scheduled ancient monuments and for initiatives that will improve any those at risk. Alongside these exist a number of assets that are recognised as being in designated heritage assets including Registered Parks poor condition, or at risk. and Gardens, Conservation Areas and other areas of historic interest that are protected through the c) Identifying and adopting a local list of planning process. heritage assets for each Authority. 10.6 Central Lancashire has over 1,000 Listed Buildings, 26 Conservation Areas, 17 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and 13 Parks and Gardens of Historical Interest. As well as these designated heritage assets the Lancashire Historic Environment Record lists over 3,500 other known assets, some of which are of particular local interest, and merit increased protection by means of a Local List.

and realise thebenefitsof placeshaping. encourage communitycohesion,identityandpride Infrastructure andthewider publicrealm canfurther may havebeenmissed.Thedesignofstreets, Green enhancing thearea where previous opportunities order tobesympathetic theirlocation,aswell account oflayout,landscapingandaccessibilityin 10.8 Itisimportantthatnewdevelopmentstake area. sense ofplace,aswellincreasing localprideinan building designiskeytoenhancingitsidentityand areas. Where thelocalenvironment ispoor, good applied toalldevelopments,notjustthosein‘special’ character appraisalofcontext.Thisapproach canbe on allowingtimeforathorough siteanalysisand principle isthatsuccessfuldesignsolutionsdepend in historicallysensitivecontexts.Thefounding standard ofdesignwhendevelopmenttakesplace & theBuiltEnvironment (CABE)tostimulateahigh English HeritageandtheCommissionforArchitecture The ‘BuildinginContext’conceptwasdevelopedby its surroundings isakeyarea ofthefollowingpolicy. to respect localcharacterand‘buildincontext’with of newdevelopments.Theneedfordevelopment to theCore Strategyandthuscentraltotheplanning 10.7 Theimportanceofhighqualitydesignisintegral Developments High QualityDesignwithinNew Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 character across CentralLancashire. andlandscape into theexistingsettlementpatterns identifying howbesttointegratenewdevelopment quality designofplaces,buildingsandlandscaping; aim oftheDesignGuidewillbetoencouragehigh housing toretail, commercial andindustrial.The Core Strategytodealwithnewdevelopmentsfrom Document (SPD)willbeproduced alongsidethe 10.10 ADesignGuideSupplementaryPlanning appropriate toaddress theseiftheyarise. relation tooldmineworkingsmaystillexistsoitis a significantspatialissue.Howeverhazards in areas ofdespoiledland,theyare notconsidered area. Althoughthere are stillsomesmallscalelocal former coalworkingsinthesouthofplan contaminated andderelict landincludingthe has already takenplacetorestore andremediate land inCentralLancashire. Considerablework 10.9 There are nownoextensiveareas ofdespoiled 103 10. Design Page 104

Policy 17: Design of New Buildings

The design of new buildings will be expected to take account of the character and appearance of the local area, including the following:

(a) siting, layout, massing, scale, design, materials, building to plot ratio and landscaping.

(b) safeguarding and enhancing the built and historic environment.

(c) being sympathetic to surrounding land uses and occupiers, and avoiding demonstrable harm to the amenities of the local area.

(d) ensuring that the amenities of occupiers of the new development will not be adversely affected by neighbouring uses and vice versa.

(e) linking in with surrounding movement patterns and not prejudicing the development of neighbouring land, including the creation of landlocked sites.

(f) minimising opportunity for crime, and maximising natural surveillance.

(g) providing landscaping as an integral part of the development, protecting existing landscape features and natural assets, habitat creation, providing open space, and enhancing the public realm.

(h) including public art in appropriate circumstances.

(i) demonstrating, through the Design and Access Statement, the appropriateness of the proposal.

(j) making provision for the needs of special groups in the community such as the elderly and those with disabilities.

(k) promoting designs that will be adaptable to climate change, and adopting principles of sustainable construction including Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS); and

(l) achieving Building for Life rating of ‘Silver’ or ‘Gold’ for new residential developments.

(m) ensuring that contaminated land, land stability and other risks associated with mining are considered and, where necessary, addressed through appropriate remediation and mitigation measures. network ofGreen Infrastructure intact. to protect theintegrityofthese areas tokeepthe or otheroutdoorrecreational facilities.Itisimportant significant privateopenspaces,suchasgolfcourses wildlife corridors.Theymaycomprisepublicparksor providing linkstoopencountryside andactingas of CentralLancashire, separating neighbourhoods, open spacewhichliewithinthemainurbanareas recreation. Green wedgesare substantialareas of of thesub-region, foravariety offunctionsincluding open spaceswithinandthroughout theurbancore quality, inclusiveandsustainable‘green wedges’and Ecological Networks).Inadditionitprovides good line withthewiderrequirements andimportanceof habitat andspeciesfragmentationisolation(in network cancreate habitat linkagesandreduce 10.12 PositivedesignoftheGreen Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Strategy. These benefitsare furtheridentifiedintheLancashire social, economicalandenvironmental benefits’. cities, townsandvillageswhichprovides multiple spaces thatlieswithinandbetweentheNorthWest’s environmental componentsandgreen andblue life supportsystem–thenetworkofnatural defines Green Infrastructure as‘the region’s 10.11 TheNorthWest Green Infrastructure Guide Green Infrastructure Design intheNaturalEnvironment Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Infrastructure network. of, ordamageto,part oftheGreen development would lead totheloss compensatory measures where (c) secure mitigationand/or LeedsandLiverpoolCanal • the LancasterCanalintoPreston; and • the Yarrow • the andCuerden Valley Parks. RiverDarwenbetweenRoach • the Brook upstream ofPreston; • Savick RiverRibbleatPenwortham • the environment, particularly; (b) investinandimprove thenatural benefits; economic, socialandenvironmental environment where italready provides (a) protect andenhancethenatural approach to: resources through aGreen Infrastructure Manage andimprove environmental Infrastructure Policy 18: iii. where itcontributestothecreation ii.the canalnetworksincluding: i. the countryside. can provide naturalextensionsinto of othergreen openspacesthat of green wedgesandtheutilisation through ChorleyandAdlington. Bridge andWalton-le-Dale; and Nature Reserve; footpaths, cyclewaysandaLocal ‘central park’area incorporating Bamber Bridge,tocreate a and southtoLostockHall the rivervalleynetworksincluding:

Green 105 10. Design Page 106

Figure 14: Green Infrastructure Key Assets

The Objective of the County Council is to protect and enhance the environment

where the asset base is already significant (shown by the Highest darker shading on the map) and where it contributes Beacon Fell to economic, social and FOREST environmental wellbeing. OF BOWLAND Lowest

Motorways Rivers/Canals/Reservoirs Railway Line

Goosnargh Longridge Whittingham

Broughton Grimsargh M55

Bartle M6 Fulwood Cottam PRESTON

Ribbleton le bb Savick Brook Ri iver Deepdale R Samlesbury Lea

Ribble Estuary River Darwen

Walton Coupe Higher Green Penwortham Walton -le-Dale Walton Gib Lane Park Hutton Bamber Gregson Bridge Hoghton Lostock Lane Hall New Longton Cuerden LANCASHIRE Longton M65 PLAIN Little Hoole Brindle Clayton Farington Brook / Abbey Village Much Hoole Moss Side Green Higher Midge Clayton Hall Wheelton -le- Whittle Withnell LEYLAND Woods -le-Woods Ulnes Brinscall Walton ck Wheelton Bretherton to os Buckshaw r L Rive

River Douglas Botany M6 Astley Village Croston Euxton WEST PENNINE M61 MOORS River Yarrow CHORLEY Eccleston

Heskin Charnock Mawdesley Richard Rivington Coppull Adlington / Heath Charnock / Anderton

Horwich Standish Source: Lancashire Green Infrastructure Strategy 2009 Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 107

Figure 15: Green Infrastructure Areas for Improvement

The Objective of the County Council is to invest in and improve the environment where indicators show a real deficiency (shown by the darker Garstang shadings on the map) in the Most asset base and its contribution to the sub-region. Beacon Fell FOREST OF BOWLAND Least

Motorways Rivers/Canals/Reservoirs Railway Line

Goosnargh Longridge Whittingham

Broughton M55 PRESTON Grimsargh M6 Bartle Fulwood Cottam

Ribbleton le bb Savick Brook Ri iver Deepdale R Samlesbury Lea

River Darwen Ribble Estuary

Walton Coupe Higher Green Penwortham Walton -le-Dale Walton Gib Lane Park Hutton Bamber Gregson Bridge Hoghton Lostock Lane LEYLAND Hall New Longton Cuerden M65 LANCASHIRE Longton PLAIN Little Hoole Brindle Clayton Farington Brook / Abbey Village Much Hoole Moss Side Green Higher Midge Clayton Hall Wheelton -le- Whittle Withnell Woods -le-Woods Ulnes Walton ck Wheelton Brinscall Bretherton to os Buckshaw r L Rive

River Douglas Botany M6 Astley Village Croston Euxton WEST PENNINE MOORS River Yarrow CHORLEY Eccleston

Heskin M61 Charnock Mawdesley Richard Rivington Coppull Adlington / Heath Charnock / Anderton

Horwich Standish

Source: Lancashire Green Infrastructure Strategy 2009 10. Design 10. Page 108

Figure 16: Central Lancashire Green Belt and Other Countryside Designations

Green Belt AONB

Barton West Pennine Moors Goosnargh

Broughton

Grimsargh

Cottam

Preston Samlesbury

Penwortham Walton-le-Dale

Hutton Lostock Bamber Hall Bridge Hoghton Longton New Farington Longton Clayton Brook Brindle Clayton Abbey Green Higher Much Hoole Clayton- Village Leyland Le-Woods Wheelton Whittle- Withnell le-woods Brinscall Buckshaw Bretherton Wheelton

Euxton Croston Chorley

Eccleston Charnock Richard Mawdesley Rivington Coppull Adlington

This map contains Ordnance Survey material with the permission 2 km of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Lancashire County Council Licence No 100023320 2010

Source: Lancashire County Council, 2010 Documents. be setoutintheSiteAllocationsDevelopmentPlan to breathe. Detailedboundariesfortheseareas will help protect CentralLancashire asaplacewithroom distinctiveness oftheadjoiningneighbourhoodsand Infrastructure, andthesespaces helptomaintainthe Open Spaceare valuedas part ofthelocalGreen urban boundaryofPreston, where Areas ofMajor 10.16 Two locationsare identifiedwithinthe the opencountryside. that theyare neitherwithin theGreen Beltnorwithin Space. Theseareas differ from Areas ofSeparationin 10.15 Policy19alsorefers to Areas ofMajorOpen the Green Belt. development includingthatconsidered appropriate in are needed.Thepolicywill applytoallformsof 19 identifieslocationswhere Areas ofSeparation and distinctivenessofthesesettlements,Policy of theseareas ofcountryside andtheidentity certain settlements.To helpmaintaintheopenness relatively smallamountsofopencountrysidebetween 10.14 InsomepartsofCentralLancashire there are considerations. and anyotherharm,isclearlyoutweighedby unless theharm,byreason ofinappropriateness inappropriate developmentwithinitwillnotexist the veryspecialcircumstances neededtojustify inappropriate developmentintheGreen Belt,and Lancashire. There isageneralpresumption against strategic extentoftheGreen BeltwithinCentral do notcoalesce.Nochangesare anticipatedtothe 10.13 TheGreen Belthelpsensure thatsettlements Green Belt Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 (b) andFulwood. (a) /Tanterton andGreyfriars/Cadley; boundary, in particularareas between: designated withinthePreston urban Areas ofMajorOpenSpacewillbe (h) ChorleyandEuxton. (g) ChorleyandWhittle-le-Woods; and Penwortham; (f) Farington,LostockHalland (e) Walton-le-Dale andPenwortham; (d) BamberBridgeandLostockHall; settlements: southern and betweenthefollowingcentral (c) Grimsargh; (b) Goosnargh/Whittingham;and (a) Broughton; settlements: around thefollowing northern Areas ofSeparationwill bedesignated resources are safeguarded. protected andenvironmental/ openspace places atgreatest riskofmergingare Major OpenSpace,toensure thatthose designation ofAreas ofSeparationand settlements andneighbourhoodsbythe and green infrastructure ofcertain Protect theidentity, localdistinctiveness Open Space Separation andMajor Policy 19:

Areas of 109 10. Design Page 110

Policy 20: Countryside Countryside Management and Access Management and Access 10.17 The Ribble Coast and Wetlands Regional Park (Ribble and Alt Estuaries) is a National Nature Reserve and is one of the most important wildlife habitats Support the continued development of in Europe. The Beacon Fell Country Park manages plans and proposals for the Ribble Coast public access and conserves an upland area in the and Wetlands Regional Park, Beacon Fell north east of Central Lancashire, which extend Country Park and the Moorland Gateway beyond the boundary into the Forest of Bowland to the West Pennine Moors especially for Area of outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The the benefits to land management, nature West Pennine Moors Partnership plays a similar conservation and sustainable access. (but less formal) role in helping to co-ordinate the management of the ‘Moorland Gateway’ upland areas east of Chorley. Whilst the habitats are supported by international and national legislation, these areas are also important for the development of tourism and recreation and the Core Strategy continues to support their development. conserve thecharacterof thelandscape. and through associatedworkscanimprove aswell siting, integratewellintothelocalsettlementpattern can, throughmaterialsand itsdesign,useofexternal highly valued.Newdevelopmentinthecountryside significant, theyare recognised aslocallydistinctand Central Lancashire and,whilstnotallare nationally highlights thevarietyoflandscapecharacterwithin 10.20 Thisisnotacomprehensive listbutit • Preston; coastalplainsoftheFylde,andLongton- • The RibbleValley• The itself,adominatinglandscape east; areas ofundulating lowlandfarmlandtothe • Wide • Lancashire maybesummarised as: 10.19 Thecharacterareas relevant forCentral worthy ofconserving,protecting andenhancing. landscape characterareas withinCentralLancashire Characterisation identifiedabroad rangeof Agency andtheLancashire HistoricLandscape Council inpartnershipwiththeformerCountryside Lancashire (2000)produced byLancashire County thousands ofyears.TheLandscapeStrategyfor Lancashire havebeenshapedbyhumanactivityover activities. Allthe‘natural’landscapesinCentral contributes toanarea’s distinctivenessandkey 10.18 Landscapeisimportantinthewaythatit Landscape CharacterAreas

mosslandsatHooleandFarringtontothewest The moorlandhillsandfringesofBeaconFellinthe The of Leylandandfrom Bretherton toMawdesley. Walmer Bridgearea, closetotheurbancentre of marshes tothewest; the valleyestuaryandimportantcoastal running from theeastofCentral Lancashire, outto north andwest,alongtheRibbleValley inthe together withtheirindustrialfoothills; AONB) andWest PennineMoors inthesoutheast, north (includingpartoftheForest ofBowland Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 creation ofappropriate newfeatures. enhancement orrestoration orthe positively toitsconservation, which itissituatedandcontribute character typeanddesignationwithin appropriatepatterns, tothelandscape well integratedintoexistingsettlement New Developmentwillberequired tobe Character Areas Policy 21:

Landscape 111 10. Design Page 112

Biodiversity and Geodiversity Ecological Networks 10.21 Biodiversity is the variety of life in all its forms; 10.24 Design of the natural environment is equally Geodiversity is the variety of rocks and landforms important when considering the protection, together with the processes that form them. It is maintenance, restoration and re-establishment and important to recognise that the underlying geology favourable condition of biodiversity and geodiversity. affects the landscape of areas and the biological This can help to nurture and conserve habitat and diversity that land can sustain. A wide range of sites species colonisation, and prevent fragmentation. important to wildlife habitats and species exist in Central Lancashire, and whilst some areas/sites are 10.25 Ecological networks were introduced through afforded greater protection through legislation, the national planning policies as an opportunity to design Core Strategy recognises the ecological value of all for the future of ecology through spatial planning. levels. Policy 22 conforms to national guidance and will be further developed in future planning documents. 10.22 Within Central Lancashire there exist elements of the entire hierarchy of designations. At the European level the Ribble and Alt Estuaries are designated as a Special Protection Area (SPA) for birds, a Ramsar International wetland, a National Nature Reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). There are significant areas of European Directive Priority Habitats (mainly saltmarsh and active blanket bog). The area also contains many regional and locally designated sites including several hundred Biological Heritage Sites (BHSs) and a number of Local Nature Reserves. Central Lancashire is home to various protected animals and plant species; Biodiversity Action Plans set out management strategies for their conservation, maintenance and enhancement. There are also 17 Geological Heritage Sites in the plan area.

10.23 The Core Strategy will help ensure that areas/sites with international, national and local designations will not be adversely affected by new development. are ofstrategicandlocal importance. (c) Safeguarding geological assetsthat enhance andexpandecologicalnetworks; (b) Seekingopportunitiestoconserve, species populations; re-establishment ofpriorityhabitatsand favourable condition,restoration and having particularregard tothe enhancement ofbiologicaldiversity, (a) Promoting theconservationand through thefollowingmeasures: and geologicalassetsofthearea, to enhanceandmanagethebiological Conserve, protect andseekopportunities have nosignificantadverseimpacts. appraisal process andare deemedto a response tothesustainability * Theoptionstakenforward are as environmental assets. flexibility yetalsoprotection fornatural was themostbeneficial,asitallowed that acombinationofthepreferred options * Thesustainabilityappraisalprocess noted policy sustainable andincompliancewithnational * Optionshavebeendevelopedasthemost Sustainability Appraisal and Geodiversity Policy 22:

Biodiversity Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 113 10. Design 11

Health and Wellbeing

Strategic Objectives

SO 18 To improve the health and wellbeing of all Central Lancashire’s residents and reduce the health inequalities that affect the more deprived areas, particularly Inner East Preston.

SO 19 To improve access to health care, sport and recreation, open green spaces, culture, entertainment, and community facilities and services, including healthy food.

SO 20 To create environments in Central Lancashire that help to reduce crime, disorder and the fear of crime, especially in the more deprived areas which often experience higher levels of crime. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 115

11.1 The World Health Organisation’s defines health as “…a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. Wellbeing is recognised as a broader concept, and can be defined as “a Cross Cutting Themes positive physical, social and mental state: it is not Achieving Good Design just the absence of pain, discomfort and incapacity. It requires that basic needs are met, that individuals Health is created and lived by people within the have a sense of purpose, that they feel able to settings of their everyday lives. Good design can achieve important personal goals and participate in help to shape places so that healthy lifestyles are society.” encouraged for example, by supporting Green Infrastructure and safe, sustainable transport 11.2 The diagram overleaf (Figure 17) shows that networks, and the provision of a well-designed many factors influence our state of health and network of healthcare services. Good design can wellbeing. Spatial planning can have a positive promote community cohesion and significantly effect on these factors, and hence health and reduce the risk of crime. wellbeing is identified as one of the Core Strategy’s Tackling Climate Change main cross-cutting themes: Climate change brings with it new health and • providing and protecting green open spaces, wellbeing challenges. For example, more extreme which promote increased physical activity weather events such as heat waves, floods and and exercise, and improve mental health and extreme cold weather spells are expected which wellbeing; have significant health impacts, especially on the • reducing motor vehicle traffic which in turn leads elderly and infirm. Measures to promote healthier to reductions in air and noise pollution and road lifestyles, such as promoting walking and cycling, traffic accidents; will lead to reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. • promoting sustainable transport networks, especially cycling and walking, to provide access to services and employment; • promoting greater prosperity and access to more and better jobs; • improving the quality and type of housing available; • encouraging access to healthy, fresh and affordable food whilst also seeking to manage the location of fast food outlets. 11. Health and Wellbeing Health and 11. Page 116

Figure 17: The Determinants of Health and Wellbeing in Our Neighbourhoods

Source: Barton and Grant (2006) based on a public health concept by Whitehead and Dahlgren (1991).

11.3 The general health of people in Central 11.5 Addressing these difficult issues requires Lancashire is improving but challenges remain, the co-ordinated efforts of a number of different with some public health issues common to all three agencies, including the Primary Care Trusts (PCTs), districts including: local authorities and voluntary and community organisations involved in health and wellbeing. • alcohol abuse (binge drinking and hospital stays Preston is a WHO-designated phase V ‘Healthy City’. due to alcohol related harm); This is a partnership between the Primary Care Trust • a high proportion of over-65s not in good health; and the City and County Councils, with the aim of • relatively high levels of road injuries and deaths; “mainstreaming” health equity into all policies for local authorities and partnership agencies. It puts • increasing incidence of mental disorders and a special emphasis on health inequalities and urban obesity-related illnesses. planning. Health considerations must, therefore, be integrated into spatial planning. 11.4 There is a strong spatial relationship between social and economic factors that impact on health, 11.6 Health and wellbeing considerations are such as low income and poor housing, and these referenced throughout this Core Strategy. The issues have been highlighted nationally in the following policy concentrates on two particular Marmot Review. Reducing health inequalities has aspects of healthy urban planning: the provision of been a priority for many years but they remain very health care services, and access to healthy food. persistent. The result is that the more deprived urban neighbourhoods and the eastern suburbs of Preston in particular show high levels of poor health, and so make particular demands on health and support services. Ultimately, health inequality manifests itself through significant differences in life expectancy between areas, and this is illustrated in (Figure 18). Preston andSouthRibble Figure 18:AllAge,CauseMortality, MiddleSuperOutputAreas: Chorley, Source: North West PublicHealthObservatory, 2020 Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 117 11. Health and Wellbeing Page 118

Provision of Health Care Services 11.10 The second dimension of the policy is access to healthy food. The correlation between the quality 11.7 Primary health care (GP surgeries, health centres, of food we eat and our personal wellbeing is well clinics, and dental surgeries) is commissioned by the documented. Concerns are increasing in the UK NHS Central Lancashire PCT although the northern over levels of obesity and the consequent health parishes of Preston fall within NHS East Lancashire. issues, which impact disproportionately on poorer Access to primary care in rural areas can be difficult, and disadvantaged communities. Community food particularly for older people. There are no local GP growing schemes can help counter this by providing services in the rural settlements north of Preston so fresh, affordable food and also promote physical residents must travel to Preston or Longridge. This activity and social inclusion. It is important, therefore can be a problem for those with limited access to to safeguard allotments and other urban land that transport. Mental health services are provided across can support local food growing. Lancashire by Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust. The Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation 11.11 Another aspect to the lack of access to healthy Trust provides secondary care services throughout the food choices is the concentration of fast food area via two hospitals – the Royal Preston Hospital takeaways in some locations, particularly in areas and the Chorley and District Hospital. Lancashire of poor health. The local planning authorities will County Council also provides care services for older work with partners to control this as part of a healthy people and for children and young people, as do a eating and anti-obesity strategy, and consideration number of private and third sector agencies. will be given to the preparation of a Supplementary Planning Document. 11.8 The types of health care services provided and the methods of delivery continue to change. For 11.12 The effect that planning policies and proposals example, some PCTs are developing “walk-in” centres may have on the health of a community can be for primary care, based in town or district centres, tested through “Health Impact Assessment” (HIA). whilst others are developing GP led “polyclinics” This aims to ensure that any adverse impacts are which are intended to provide more specialist reduced and positive impacts are maximized for facilities than GP surgeries, and will therefore take all sections of the community. For the purposes some pressure off hospitals. New approaches to of Policy 23, strategic development proposals are service provision in Central Lancashire include the defined as those requiring an Environmental Impact Minerva Centre, a Long Term Conditions Centre Assessment. within Preston North End football ground.

11.9 Where the PCT or other service provider identifies a need for a new facility, then the local authorities will assist with identifying a suitable site, and if possible, seek to identify land in their Site Allocations Development Plan Documents. Co- location of services (e.g. sharing the use of a building) will be encouraged. New housing development may create a need for new or expanded health care facilities. The local authorities will seek the advice of the Primary Care Trust in establishing whether new facilities are required to serve the development, and if this is the case, will seek appropriate developer contributions. food options. to healthy, affordable locallyproduced and farmersmarketsinproviding access developments; smallscaleagriculture role ofallotments;garden plotswithin (f) Safeguarding andencouragingthe and areas ofpoorhealth. takeaways, particularlyindeprivedareas to managethelocationoffastfood environmental health departments, Primary Care Trust andlocalauthority (e) Working withpartners, includingthe on StrategicSitesandLocations. on allstrategicdevelopmentproposals (d) RequiringHealthImpactAssessment or worseningofprovision. where newhousingresults inashortfall or enhancedfacilitiesfrom developers (c) Seekingcontributionstowards new providers toshare facilities. opportunities fordifferent service the importanceofaccessibility, and the spatialdistributionofneed, sites fornewfacilitiesreflecting health care commissioners,identifying (b) Where required bytheprioritiesof care accessandfacilities. improve primarycare andmentalhealth infrastructure andparticularlyto commissioners tosupporthealthcare (a) Working withhealthcare inequalities by: planning, andhelptoreduce health Integrate publichealthprinciplesand Policy 23:

Health Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 119 11. Health and Wellbeing Page 120

Policy 24: Sport and Sport and Recreation Recreation 11.13 Regular physical exercise contributes to good levels of health and wellbeing. Aside from its benefits to the individual, increased participation Ensure that everyone has the opportunity in sport and physical activity can also have wider to access good sport, physical activity benefits in tackling social exclusion and reducing and recreation facilities (including anti-social behaviour. It is important that people in children’s play) by: all areas have access to good quality open spaces and (a) Devising robust minimum local the opportunity to participate in formal and informal standards based on quantified needs, recreation. Open spaces often have multiple uses: accessibility and qualitative factors, those designated for outdoor recreation, such as golf through seeking developer contributions courses, bowling greens, public parks, and allotments (either in the form of new provision or also form part of the wider Green Infrastructure financial payment in lieu) where new network (see Chapter 10). development would result in a shortfall 11.14 A high proportion of adults and children do in provision. not exercise regularly. Increasing current participation rates in sport, physical activity and recreation (b) Protecting existing sport and requires the co-ordinated efforts of many partner recreation facilities, unless they are organisations. Spatial planning’s role involves proven to be surplus to requirements or protecting existing assets, and promoting provision unless improved alternative provision is through the planning process by making sure new to be made. development does not result in a shortfall in the provision of facilities. Central Lancashire’s growth (c) Developing minimum local sport and potential and ageing population means that provision recreation standards in a Supplementary for sport and recreation must keep pace with Planning Document. the community’s needs. Based on local research, minimum local standards for provision will be developed and used to identify any shortfalls and to (d) Identifying sites for major new assess the impacts of new development. The Open facilities where providers have evidence Space, Sport and Recreation Review and Playing Pitch of need. Strategies were published in mid 2012.

development. shortfall inprovision mustbeaddressed aspartofthe create additionaldemandforexistingfacilities,soany developments require goodaccesstofacilitiesand with anothercomplementaryservice.Asnew the service,forexample,through co-location the optionsthathavebeeninvestigatedtomaintain the particularfacilityisnolongerviableandexplain for changeofuseare supportedbyevidencethat facilities. TheCouncilswillrequire thatproposals contributions. Itcanalsoresist thelossofexisting development, andobtainappropriate developer the provision ofnewfacilities andnewhousing 11.18 Spatialplanningcanhelpco-ordinate looking toco-locate. and theircarers. Increasingly, serviceproviders are childcare andotherservices forpre-school children initiativetoprovidegovernment integratedhealth, major investmentinChildren’s Centres aspartofa to develop.Forexample,recent yearshaveseen community, newwaysofproviding facilitiescontinue 11.17 To reflect thechangingneedsof the when populationschange. community facilitiesmaystruggletoremain viable In someruralsettlementsandinnerurbanareas, significant amountofnewhousingisproposed. and servicesmaybeneeded,particularlywhere a catering forolderpeoplewillrise.Newfacilities of peopleover65increases sodemandforfacilities structure ofthelocalpopulation.Asproportion facilities ischangingalongwithchangestothe to core communityfacilities.Therequirement for 11.16 Urbanandruralcommunitiesrequire access organisations, andthevoluntarybusinesssectors. service providers, churches andotherreligious of agencies,includinglocalauthorities,otherpublic Community facilitiesare provided byawidevariety and contributetowards communitycohesion. facilities actasthefocusofcommunityactivity community centres, placesofworshipandhealth 11.15 Communityfacilities,suchasvillageshops, Community Facilities Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 facilities. education andbasichealthcare a rangeofcore services including contribution toproviding accessto for newhousingintermsoftheir (d) Assessingalldevelopmentproposals longer viableorrelevant tolocalneeds; by requiring evidence thattheyare no (c) Resistingthelossofexistingfacilities by allmodesoftransport; provision atlocationsthatare accessible (b) Encouragingandcoordinating new demonstrable need; voluntary sectorproviders tomeet (a) Working withpublic,privateand by: sufficient communityfacilitiesprovision Ensure thatlocalcommunitieshave Community Facilities Policy 25:

121 11. Health and Wellbeing Page 122

Policy 26: Crime and Crime and Community Safety Community Safety 11.19 Crime and the fear of crime, is a major factor in determining people’s quality of life. Crime levels are generally below average in Chorley and South Plan for reduced levels of crime and Ribble, but the more deprived areas of Preston have improved community safety by: crime levels within the worst 10% in England and Wales. The police and local authorities are working (a) Working with the police, community to reassure local communities with the advent of safety partnerships and other agencies to neighbourhood policing, and Police and Communities co-ordinate analysis and action. Together meetings. Partnership working between agencies includes Community Safety Partnerships (b) Encouraging the inclusion of which feed into the respective Local Strategic Secured by Design principles in new Partnerships. developments.

11.20 Planning can help address crime through the design and layout of developments and individual (c) Providing adequate leisure and buildings. “Secured by Design” is a national police community facilities or activities, initiative to promote awareness. It produces design particularly in high crime areas, and guides and also has an accreditation scheme especially for young people. for residential and other types of development. Lancashire Constabulary employs a specialist (d) Aiming to achieve a complementary Architectural Liaison Officer to advise developers mix of uses in the City and key service and local authorities. Secured by Design principles centres with appropriate controls over concern the use of natural surveillance within entertainment uses, taking account developments, good lighting and the integration of of the local authorities’ Statement of security measures. Issues of road safety - particularly Licensing policies. the reduction of accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists - is a matter relevant to the Sustainable Travel Chapter (Chapter 7).

11.21 Crime is often linked to other issues. For example, youth crime and anti-social behaviour may be reduced if there are adequate, affordable leisure and community activities in an area. In town centres, avoiding an over-concentration of pubs and bars in an area may help to disperse revellers so it is important that planning and licensing decisions complement each other. Introducing a greater mix of leisure uses into town centres may help to attract a wider age range of people.

deemed tohavesignificantadverseimpacts. * Overallthepoliciestakenforward are not negative impactontheeconomy. becoming unviabletherefore there wouldbea irrespective ofneedmaylead tosomeprojects developer contributionsfrom alldevelopments community facilitieswasnotselectedasseeking * OptionBtoseekdevelopercontributionsfor sustainable outcome. suggested togivethegreatest opportunityfora * Acombinationofthepreferred optionswas the SustainabilityAppraisal. was apositiveadditionforthesocialaspectof * IncludingachapteronHealthandWellbeing Sustainability Appraisal Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 123 11. Health and Wellbeing 12

Climate Change

Strategic Objectives

SO 21 To reduce energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in new developments.

SO 22 To encourage the generation and use of energy from renewable and low carbon sources.

SO 23 To manage flood risk and the impacts of flooding especially adjoining the River Ribble and at Croston.

SO 24 To reduce water usage, protect and enhance Central Lancashire’s water resources and minimise pollution of water, air and soil. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 125

Built Environment

New Building Energy Efficiency and Low Carbon Energy Generation Cross Cutting Themes 12.1 Climate Change is the greatest long-term challenge facing the world today. Tackling Climate Achieving Good Design Change is a key Government priority for the The design and layout of a building has a significant planning system. impact on its energy use. Before applying renewable 12.2 A key part of the government’s climate energy technologies to new buildings to reduce change strategy is reducing carbon emissions to carbon dioxide emissions it is therefore important to the atmosphere, through increased use of low or consider reducing the total energy requirement. This zero carbon and renewable energy sources as well can be achieved by requiring new developments to as greater energy efficiency in the construction be constructed to higher levels than those required and use of buildings. This chapter sets out a by the Building Regulations. framework for promoting and encouraging the use Promoting Health and Wellbeing of renewables, and for low or zero carbon energy generation. It also considers other resource use The predicted effects of climate change, such as issues affecting rivers, air and soil. more frequent extreme weather episodes, will have a detrimental impact on the health and wellbeing 12.3 Climate change is a key consideration in of the population. Reducing energy use, improving sustainable development. It is a cross cutting theme insulation and promoting renewable energy throughout the Core Strategy, some aspects of generation in Central Lancashire will help tackle which are dealt with in other chapters. the threat that climate change has on health and The spatial location of land use and associated wellbeing. activities can have a profound effect on energy use. Tackling Climate Change Reducing the need to travel and the energy used in transport is considered in Chapter 7. Almost a half of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from buildings. Controlling the energy use of new buildings is therefore essential in tackling climate change. Renewable energy has a key role to play in achieving this. 12. Climate Change 12. Page 126

12.4 Planning for the sourcing and extraction of 12.6 On the whole, areas of visual or historic minerals and waste management is the responsibility sensitivity within Central Lancashire will be able to of Lancashire County Council and these matters accommodate appropriate renewable energy features are dealt with in the countywide Minerals and within the terms of Policy 27. It may be that the Waste Development Framework, prepared jointly special circumstances of the statutory protection with Blackpool Council and Blackburn and Darwen (for the building or area) would be compromised Borough Council. However this Core Strategy can by the implementation of this policy. In those influence what, and how, materials are used for circumstances, the requirements of this policy may be construction. Government guidance emphasises the waived. However, the Councils would need to be importance of setting out locally robust policies for persuaded that a serious attempt had been made to energy efficiency of building fabric and operation, by integrate energy efficiency measures and renewable promoting minimum energy efficiency requirements. energy capacity in the building design. The fact that It also requires local authorities to set a target a building is listed, for its historic or architectural percentage of the energy used in new development importance, would not be a reason to set aside the to come from decentralised and renewable or low policy. carbon energy sources where it is viable. When setting local requirements, local authorities must 12.7 Central Lancashire is therefore well placed to be able to clearly demonstrate that there are provide new build development that can be designed opportunities for significant use of decentralised and in a sustainable way and incorporating sustainable renewable or low carbon energy. Studies undertaken resources e.g. through product substitution. The by the three authorities demonstrate that, given the considerable natural renewable resources available specific natural resources of Central Lancashire, in make it feasible to integrate micro-generation particular wind, there are many opportunities for technologies into building design. The Code for renewable energy generation to be integrated into Sustainable Homes and the BREEAM standards developments (micro-generation) and for stand-alone apply to all relevant schemes as set out in Policy 27 renewable energy schemes. irrespective of their scale. The requirement to meet the higher than national minimum Code Level and 12.5 Each type of energy capture technology all other provisions of Policy 27 will apply unless the has its own locational characteristics and specific applicant can demonstrate, including through the requirements, and developers should consider a use of open book accounting, that an individual site’s range of renewable energy technologies in order circumstances are such that development would to achieve the requirements of Policy 27. Such not be economically viable if the policy were to be technologies include wind turbines, hydro-power, implemented. solar power, ground source heat pumps and biomass. The same technology can operate at different scales. 12.8 The approach will be to promote the For example, can be captured at the development of renewable energy and to direct ‘micro-generation’ scale such as an installation on an it to where the technology is most viable and individual building. A medium sized wind turbine environmental impacts can be minimised. Impacts could be considered as ‘decentralised’ generation may include visual effects, noise, odour or increased where it serves a neighbourhood, whereas large scale traffic arising because of the development. However energy capture includes ‘wind farms’ comprising these considerations, including viability, need several full size turbines. This Core Strategy deals to be treated with care because energy capture with all these scales. technologies are rapidly developing. change. to copemore effectively withtheimpactsofclimate reduce carbondioxideemissions andenablethem sustainable developmentare considered inorder to is importantthattheprinciplesofgooddesignand buildings maynotrequire planningpermission,it into use.Althoughtheconversionorre-use of and bringingvacantunderusedbuildingsback use oflandthrough there-use ofexistingbuildings guidancepromotes12.11 Government more efficient Existing Buildings should beconsidered aminimum requirement. to commercial buildings.Such nationalstandards isplanningtoextendthisapproachThe government housing unitsandatthescaleofresidential estates. some ofthesemattersinthedesignindividual 12.10 TheCodeforSustainableHomesrefers to and greater extremes ofheatandcold. periods ofexcessiverainfall,butalsolongerdroughts, weather locallysuchashigherwinds,risingsealevels, in future islikelytobringaboutmore extremes of account. Climatechangeisalready occurringand proofing’ ofnewbuildingsshouldalsobetakeninto capture andefficiency. Additionallythe‘future other andtotrees. Thesefactorscanallhelpenergy as isthepositioningofbuildingsinrelation toeach individual buildings.Buildingorientationissignificant 12.9 Afurtherconsiderationisthedesignof Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 127 12. Climate Change Page 128

Policy 27: Sustainable Resources and New Developments

Incorporate sustainable resources into new development through the following measures:

All new dwellings will be required to meet Level 3 (or where economically viable, Level 4) of the Code for Sustainable Homes. This minimum requirement will increase to Level 4 from January 2013 and Level 6 from January 2016. Minimum energy efficiency standards for all other new buildings will be ‘Very Good’ (or where possible, in urban areas, ‘Excellent’) according to the Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).

Subject to other planning policies, planning permission for new built development will only be granted on proposals for 5 or more dwellings or non-residential units of 500 sq metres or more floorspace where all of the following criteria are satisfied:

(a) Evidence is set out to demonstrate that the design, orientation and layout of the building minimises energy use, maximises energy efficiency and is flexible enough to withstand climate change;

(b) Prior to the implementation of zero carbon building through the Code for Sustainable Homes for dwellings or BREEAM for other buildings, either additional building fabric insulation measures, or appropriate decentralised, renewable or low carbon energy sources are installed and implemented to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of predicted energy use by at least 15%;

(c) Appropriate storage space is to be provided for recyclable waste materials and composting;

(d) If the proposed development lies within a nationally designated area, such as a Conservation Area or affects a Listed Building, it will be expected to satisfy the requirements of the policy through sensitive design unless it can be demonstrated that complying with the criteria in the policy, and the specific requirements applying to the Code for Sustainable Homes and BREEAM, would have an unacceptable adverse effect on the character or appearance of the historic or natural environment.

The integration of the principles above into other types of development will also be encouraged. Central Lancashire Local Development Framework Adopted Core Strategy July 2012 129

Policy 28: Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Schemes

Proposals for renewable and low carbon energy schemes will be supported and planning permission granted where the following criteria are met:

(a) The proposal would not have an unacceptable impact on landscape character and visual appearance of the local area, including the urban environment;

(b) The reason for the designation of a site with statutory protection would not be compromised by the development;

(c) Any noise, odour, traffic or other impact of development is mitigated so as not to cause unacceptable detriment to local amenity;

(d) Any significant adverse effects of the proposal are considered against the wider environmental, social and economic benefits, including scope for appropriate mitigation, adaptation and/or compensatory provisions.

12. Climate Change 12. Page 130

Water 12.16 Despite having adequate water supply it is important to conserve and minimise the use of Water Management water for a number of reasons. As well as helping to maintain a balance between the demand and 12.12 The Spatial Portrait refers to the environmental supply of water, there are costs associated with assets and water features in the area. These range collection and purification, energy costs (both from the internationally important estuary area to financial and environmental) related to distribution, rivers, streams, canals and reservoirs that all play pumping and wastewater treatment costs. Major an important part in life in the area. They are vital new developments in some areas will also require natural resources that provide drinking water, wildlife significant new infrastructure to service them. habitats, and play a key role in recreational activity. 12.17 Changing the way that water is used makes 12.13 In recognition of the importance of water as good sense and contributes to the sustainable a natural resource the European Water Frameworks use of resources. It is important to ensure that Directive was issued in 2000. The purpose of new developments at least achieve the minimum the Directive is to establish a framework for the standards for potable water efficiency as defined in preservation and improvement of the water quality of the Code for Sustainable Homes. However, there is inland surface waters, transitional and coastal waters scope to go further. Annual rainfall levels are quite and groundwater. The prime and overriding objective high in Central Lancashire and there is considerable of the Directive is for all surface waters, artificial scope to continue this within buildings such as for and heavily modified waters and ground waters to toilets, as well as re-use of ‘grey’ water (that was achieve ‘good’ ecological status by 2015. previously used for washing purposes) for watering 12.14 Most surface water run-off enters water gardens and other landscaping areas. courses. River water quality across Central Lancashire 12.18 New developments will be expected to deal has generally been improving in recent years as many with surface water run-off. Traditional drainage sources of pollution have been removed. However, practice is designed to move rainwater as quickly as incidents of flooding, especially from surcharging possible to main watercourses or soakaways. This sewers and overflows from sewage treatment plants has implications in terms of flood risk, pollution on occasions quickly undo these improvements and and depletion of groundwater resources. National reduce river biodiversity. There are also cases where planning policy on development and flood risk water runoff polluted by agricultural activities is states that local authorities should promote the keeping river water quality low. use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) for the 12.15 There is growing awareness that water management of surface water run-off (and thereby resources are under increasing threat from climate reduce flood risk). The regional water company change and flooding (which can also cause pollution), - United Utilities - will not adopt SuDS structures population growth, new developments and general although they do encourage their installation. increases in water use. However, Central Lancashire Under the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 has an overall surplus of drinking water supply and Lancashire County Council may be required to adopt this is forecast to remain the case up to at least and maintain SuDS serving more than one property. 2035, which is beyond the Plan period for this Once the legislation is enacted Lancashire County Core Strategy. Some water abstraction from local Council, as the SuDS Approval Body for its area rivers takes place but is again not considered to be (unless the Minister makes other arrangements), reducing flow rates to levels that would endanger would have to adopt and maintain those SuDS it biodiversity or general amenity. approves in relation to construction work as defined under the Act. delivery oftheWater FrameworkDirective. achieve theeffective managementofwaterandthe flood riskshouldbeaddressed together. Thiswillhelp 12.22 Astheyare interrelated, watersupplyand more detailedassessment. high floodriskareas willneedtobesubjected elsewhere. Anysiteproposed fordevelopmentin the site/area willbesafeand willnotincrease risk brownfield landandbeable todemonstratethat need toprovide widersustainability benefits,beon set outinnationalpolicy)thedevelopmentwould possible (havingfollowedthe‘sequentialapproach’ this isaddressed inChapter 5.Where thisisnot development awayfrom areas offloodriskand 12.21 Themostappropriate approach istodirect a residual riskremains. network orreservoirs isalso identifiedaslow, though facilities. Theriskoffloodingfrom thecanal flooding tobasementsorunderground carparking immediately southofPreston are atsomeriskof although aftersustainedrainfallPreston andareas 12.20 There islittleriskof groundwater flooding areas inGrimsargh,Walton-le-Dale andEuxton. The riskofsewerfloodingismostlikelytoaffect risk, togetherwithanumberofothersmallerareas. Walton-le-Dale are identifiedasbeingatparticular flood riskislow. PartsofCroston, Penworthamand evidence baseidentifiesthatthefluvialandtidal in thewestare tidallyinfluenced.Insummary, the of CentralLancashire. Partsofthesecatchments and Wyre, definethemainhydrological influences catchments ofthree mainrivers,theRibble,Douglas issues. Theevidencebasedemonstratesthatthe national policyrequirements inrelation tofloodrisk December 2007.Itformsthekeytomeeting (SFRA) forCentralLancashire wascompletedin 12.19 Aphase1StrategicFloodRiskAssessment Flood Risk Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 131 12. Climate Change Page 132

Policy 29: Water Management

Improve water quality, water management and reduce the risk of flooding by:

(a) Minimising the use of potable mains water in new developments;

(b) Working with the regional water company and other partners to promote investment in sewage water treatment works to reduce the risk of river pollution from sewage discharges;

(c) Working with farmers to reduce run-off polluted with agricultural residues into watercourses;

(d) Appraising, managing and reducing flood risk in all new developments, avoiding inappropriate development in flood risk areas particularly in Croston, Penwortham, Walton-le-Dale and southwest Preston;

(e) Pursuing opportunities to improve the sewer infrastructure, particularly in Grimsargh, Walton-le-Dale and Euxton, due to the risk of sewer flooding;

(f) Managing the capacity and timing of development to avoid exceeding sewer infrastructure capacity;

(g) Encouraging the adoption of Sustainable Drainage Systems;

(h) Seeking to maximise the potential of Green Infrastructure to contribute to flood relief. opportunities exist. and encouragingtheplantingofmore trees where such asprotecting existing trees andwoodlands contribute directly toairquality improvements 10. Thiswillincludeanumberoffactorsthat Infrastructure networkasset outinChapter enhancing andinvestingtoimprove theGreen improvements willbeachieved byprotecting, improvements inairquality. Forexample this Core Strategywillcontribute tooverall 12.25 There are manyotherwaysinwhich sustainable transportarrangements. reliance onthecarandseeks toencouragemore be accommodatedinlocationsthatwillreduce 5 considershowgrowth and developmentcan Travel StrategicObjectivesandpolicies.Chapter best achievedthrough the implementation ofthe In viewofthis,improvements toairqualitywillbe poor airqualityandthemaintransportcorridors. locally andthere isoftenadirect linkbetween congestion are majorcontributorstoairpollution Lancashire. Theyalsoshowthattransportand industrial sources ofairpollutioninCentral 12.24 TheAQMAsshowthatthere are nomajor the Core Strategycanimprove airquality. suffering themostairpollutionandinwhatways investment willnotadverselyaffect areas already that proposed locationsfordevelopmentand three districtshavebeenconsidered toensure Air QualityManagementAreas (AQMAs)forthe 12.23 Spatialplanningcanaffect airquality. The Air Quality Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 road trafficcongestion. when prioritisingmeasures toreduce through takingaccountofairquality of Green Infrastructure initiativesand Improve airqualitythrough delivery Policy 30:

Air Quality 133 12. Climate Change Page 134

Policy 31: Agriculture Agricultural Land Soil 12.26 National policies set out the need to maintain Protect the best and most versatile and enhance the resilience and quality of soils, and agricultural land, (Grades 1, 2 and to encourage the sustainable use of soil resources, 3a) that occurs in the west of Central including protecting the best and most versatile Lancashire when considering both agricultural land. Central Lancashire has large areas of agricultural and other forms of good quality agricultural soils, especially in the west. development to avoid irreversible Fertilisers and pesticides play an important part in damage to, and instead achieve the full the agricultural quality of land, but there is some potential, of the soil. evidence that farm run-off does pollute local rivers. Upland blanket bog on the moorland east of Chorley is an effective carbon store and is also a useful water management measure for controlling downstream flooding. Sustainability Appraisal 12.27 Chapter 9 refers to the likely changes in local agriculture and this will re-emphasise the importance * The sustainability appraisal assessed a number of making good use of the best farmland as well of options and found the most sustainable as the need for responsible chemical applications option was a combination of all of the preferred to fields and crops. Achieving a balance between options suggested. productivity needs and pollution and biodiversity implications is required. * Option B on micro generation was identified as the most sustainable option overall however, micro generation alone could not reach national and regional targets to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

* Option A avoiding development on all areas of flood risk was considered too restrictive as some sites were more prone to risk of flooding and to varying degrees but a combination approach with other proposed options would offer a more balanced approach.

* The climate change policies are a combination of the preferred options taken forward into the publication version and thus the most sustainable option with no significant adverse impacts.

Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 135 12. Climate Change Page 136

Appendix A: General Glossary of Terms

AAP Area Action Plan – A plan for a specific area where significant change or conservation is needed.

AMR Annual Monitoring Report – An annual progress report on progress of the preparation of LDF documents as set out in the LDS and monitoring their performance in terms of various indicators.

AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – An area with legal protection because of its natural beauty and high landscape quality.

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where levels of pollution and air quality might not meet national air quality objectives. If it does not a plan is prepared to improve the air quality - a Local Air Quality Action Plan.

Brownfield Land Land that has been previously developed excludes the gardens of houses.

Building to Plot Ratio The ratio of the area of the ground floor/footprint of a building to the area of the site.

Central Lancashire The collective name for the administrative area covered by Preston, Chorley and South Ribble, which is the area covered by this Core Strategy.

Core Strategy The key overarching policy document in the LDF that other DPD’s and SPD’s must conform with.

District Centres Usually comprise groups of shops often containing at least one supermarket, and a range of non-retail services, such as banks, building societies and restaurants as well as local public facilities such as a library.

DPD Development Plan Document - A statutory policy document of the LDF, such as the Core Strategy, Area Action Plan and Site Specific Allocations.

Developer Monies collected from developers or direct works done by them to mitigate the Contributions impacts of new development where these cannot be satisfactorily addressed by conditions attached to a planning permission. This may include the creation of new wildlife areas or to provide additional infrastructure required by the development, such as new school facilities or provision of affordable housing.

Green Belt Statutorily designated land around built-up areas intended to limit urban sprawl and prevent neighbouring settlements joining together. There is a strong presumption against inappropriate development. Not all greenfield land is in the Green Belt. There is no Green Belt land around the north of Preston or east of Chorley Town. LDS LDF LDD Key Diagram Core Infrastructure Strategy. Heritage Assets Growth Point Green Infrastructure Greenfield Land produced andwhen. Plan Documents(DPDs)andSupplementaryPlanning Documents(SPD’s) willbe Development Framework(LDF)andidentifies describeswhatDevelopment Local DevelopmentScheme-Aprogramme forproduction oftheLocal the LocalDevelopmentPlanandsupportit. Local DevelopmentFramework–Afolderofallthe documentsthatcomprise making uptheLocalDevelopmentFramework. Local DevelopmentDocument-Alldocuments(statutory andnon-statutory) A diagramaticmapshowingtheapproximate locationofspatialpoliciesina public institutionsincludingschoolsandhospitals. such astransportationandcommunicationssystems,waterpowerlines, Facilities, services,andinstallationsneededforthefunctioningofacommunity, decision-making orthrough theplan-makingprocess (includinglocallisting). and assetsidentifiedbythelocalplanningauthorityduringprocess of Battlefield orConservationArea designatedassuchunderthe relevant legislation) Listed Building,Protected Wreck Site,Registered ParkandGarden, Registered include designatedheritageassets(World HeritageSite,ScheduledMonument, Heritage assetsare thevalued componentsofthehistoricenvironment. They having adegree ofsignificance meritingconsiderationinplanningdecisions. A building,monument,site,place,area orlandscapepositivelyidentifiedas GrowthGovernment. pointfundingwillnotcontinueafter2010/11. sustainable growth, including newhousing,through apartnershipwith An initiativedesignedtosupportlocalcommunitieswhowishpursue contributing tobiodiversity, alleviatingfloodriskandprovides recreation. to urbanparksandplayareas thatprovide arangeof functions,suchas Open landinboththenaturalandbuiltenvironments, from countrysidethrough and residential gardens. Land thatisnotbuilton,typicallyfarmlandbutalsoplayingfields,allotments Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 137 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Page 138

Lifetime Homes A home that is built to 16 specific design standards so that is accessible and adaptable and is suited to for a wide range of household types, from couples with young children through to older single people.

Local Centres Include a range of small shops of a local nature, serving a small catchment, typically local centres might include, amongst other shops a small supermarket, a newsagent, a sub-post office and a pharmacy. Other facilities could include a hot food takeaway and laundrette.

Local Plan Another name for the ‘Development Plan’, It is the terminology that the Inspector used for this Core Strategy in his final report into the Examination, referring to it as the ‘Local Plan-strategic part’.

LSP Local Strategic Partnership - An umbrella group of businesses, voluntary and statutory bodies, who are working together in an administrative area to deal with local priorities.

Major Developed Those as designated in the Green Belt on the Chorley and South Ribble Local Plan Sites Proposals Maps.

MWDF Minerals and Waste Development Framework – That part of the development plan that sets out policies for future minerals and waste development. The MWDF focuses on issues such as mineral extraction, waste management and recycling, protecting mineral resources and restoring minerals and waste sites.

The National The NPPF sets out the Governments planning policies for England and how Planning Policy these are expected to be applied. It also sets out the Government’s requirements Framework for the planning system to the extent that it is relevant, proportionate and necessary to do so. It must be taken into account in the preparation of local and neighbourhood plans, and is a material consideration in planning decisions.

Northern Way A cross regional strategy developed by 3 Regional Development Agencies in the North of England, and their partners, to create a step-change in economic growth across the regions and to reduce the gap in economic performance with the South of England (now no longer in existence).

NWDA North West Development Agency – Responsible for preparing the Regional Economic Strategy - now abolished.

NWRA North West Regional Assembly – The RPB (refer below) for the North West Region who prepared the North West RSS and became known as 4NW – now abolished. SCI SA Site Rural Exception RS RPB RES Proposals Map protected Preferred Option sites. PINS PCT planning forthelocalauthority area. council willconsultwithlocal andstatutorystakeholdersintheprocess of Statement ofCommunity Involvement-Setsouthow, whenandwhere a sustainable development.RefertoSEAbelow. and economiceffects ofaplanandappraisestheminrelation totheaimsof Sustainability Appraisal-Anassessmentthatconsiders theenvironmental, social provide affordable housingto meetlocalneedsinperpetuity. otherwise bereleased forhousing,butmayonlybedevelopedinorder to subject topoliciesofrestraint, suchasGreen Belt,andwhichwouldnot A sitethatiswithinoradjoinsexistingruralcommunities whichmaybe Act butisstillcurrently inexistence. a 15to20yearperiod.TheintentionabolishtheRSissetoutinLocalism Regional Strategy-Provides broad developmentstrategyfortheregion for Spatial Strategy(RS). the region. Theywere alsoresponsible forpreparation oftheRegional developing andcoordinating astrategicvisionforimproving thequalityoflifein Regional PlanningBody-Nownolongerinexistencebutwasresponsible for unemployment, skillsshortages,socialexclusionandphysicaldecay. business competitiveness,productivity andtheunderlyingproblems of sustainable approach toeconomic developmentandregeneration bytackling Regional EconomicStrategy–Astatutorydocumentthattakesanintegratedand A mapthatshowsallocatedsitesfordevelopment,otherlanduseproposals and Option willbetheonethatisconsidered bestdeliversthepolicyobjective. regard toarangeofconsiderationsandtheevidenceavailablePreferred typically arangeofoptionsavailable,allwhichmustbeconsidered. Having When consideringhowtodelivertheStrategicObjectives(below),there is refusal ofplanningpermissionsandalsoforexaminingDPD’s. Planning Inspectorate–Responsiblefortheprocessing ofappealsagainstthe related services,activitiesandadvice. Primary Care Trust –Sub-regional agencythatcommissionsarangeofhealthcare Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 139 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Page 140

SCS Sustainable Community Strategy - Prepared by Local Strategic Partnerships as a set of goals and actions which they wish to promote.

SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment - A process of environmental assessment of certain plans and programmes which are likely to have significant effects on the environment. Authorities which prepare and/or adopt such plans or programmes must among other things assess the likely significant environmental effects.

SFRA Strategic Flood Risk Assessment – Required to meet national and regional policy requirements in relation to flood risk in a local area.

Spatial Planning Planning (used in preparing the LDF) which goes beyond traditional land uses to integrate policies for the development and use of land with other (non-planning) policies and programmes which influence the nature of places and how they function.

Spatial Vision The overall vision for an area that sets out how it should be at a date in the future.

SPD Supplementary Planning Document - Gives guidance on specific policy topic areas or detailed guidance on the development of specific sites.

Strategic Locations Broad areas identified as having strategic significance in implementing the Core Strategy.

Strategic Sites Sites that have been identified as implementing being central to the Core Strategy and are allocated as such on the Proposals Map.

Strategic Objectives These are a series of high level objectives that are aimed at achieving the Spatial Vision.

SuDS Sustainable Drainage Systems – Used to help control surface water run-off from developments. Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 141 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms Page 142

Appendix B: Strategic Sites Proposals Maps

Note: Remainder of the site in Ribble Valley Borough

Central Lancashire Core Strategy Strategic Site BAE Systems ¯ Samlesbury Strategic Site

1:12,000

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Chorley B.C. 100018509 (2009)

Central Lancashire Core Strategy Strategic Site Cuerden

Strategic Site

1:12,000

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Chorley B.C. 100018509 (2009) R U 1 0 e n 0 p a 0 r u o 1 t h d 8 o u 5 r ce 0 i se 9 d ( d 2 f r 0 r o e 0 m p 8 r ) Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 t o h d e u O c t r i o d n n a i n n f ce r i n g S e u s r ve C r y o m w n a p co p i p n y g r i w g h i t h t a t h n e d p m e a r y m l i e s a i d o n t o o p f r t o h s e e C c u o t n i o t r n o l o l e r r ci o vi f l H p e r r o ce M a e j d e i st n g y' s. s C S h t C S C ( R a o B t r i t l o o o e e r u n y ya e a n r cksh B r y e t o t r e O l r o f u S g O a S f i g c h i l t e t a r r c r C d ( a L c w a o ) t n S u a e co t n a V i g ci e n p t n y l i i e g c r c l i ce l g a y a h S t g . s i t e e 1 h ) : i 2 r 0 e , 0 0 0 143 Appendix B: Strategic Sites Proposals Maps Page 144

- 19 - Superseded Policiesfrom ExistingLocalPlans Appendix C: South RibbleLocalPlan2000Policy HP5 –RuralAreas ExceptionPolicy Targets HP3 –Affordable Housing–SiteSpecific (Interim PlanningPolicy) HP2 R–Affordable Housing H5 R–Housing(InterimPlanningPolicy) H4 R–Housing(InterimPlanningPolicy) (Interim PlanningPolicy) H3 R–Housing (Interim PlanningPolicy) H2 R–Housing (Interim PlanningPolicy) H1 R–Housing Energy Schemes ENV26 –DevelopmentofRenewable & Installations ENV25 –HazardousSubstances Development ENV23 –Water Resources& ENV 22–Pollution ENV21 –GroundwaterResources ENV20 –FloodRisk ENV19 –CoastalZone ENV16 –Article4Directions EMP5 –BusinessUse Agricultural Lane D11 –Best&MostVersatile D1 –NewDevelopment Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Core Strategy Policy7–Affordable & SpecialNeedsHousing Core StrategyPolicy7–Affordable &SpecialNeeds Housing Core StrategyPolicy7–Affordable &SpecialNeeds Housing Developments Core StrategyPolicy27–SustainableResourcesand New Core StrategyPolicy17–DesignofNewBuildings Covered byNPPF Core StrategyPolicy10–EmploymentPremisesand Sites Central LancashireDesignGuideSPD Core StrategyPolicy17–DesignofNewBuildings Core StrategyPolicy4–HousingDelivery Core StrategyPolicy4–HousingDelivery Energy Schemes Core StrategyPolicy28–RenewableandLowCarbon Developments Core StrategyPolicy27–SustainableResourcesandNew Covered byPollutionControlRegulations Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management and Access Core StrategyPolicy20–CountrysideManagement Core StrategyPolicy16–HeritageAssets Core StrategyPolicy10–EmploymentPremisesandSites Core StrategyPolicy31–AgriculturalLand Core StrategyPolicy1–LocatingGrowth Superseded by 145 Appendix C: Superceded Policies from Existing Local Plans Page 146

South Ribble Local Plan 2000 Policy Superseded by HP9 – Caravan Sites for Gypsies Core Strategy Policy 8 – Gypsy and Traveller and Travelling Show People Accommodation

OSR9 – Golf Courses Core Strategy Policy 13 – Rural Economy Core Strategy Policy 24 – Sport and Recreation

OSR10 – Commercial Stables Core Strategy Policy 13 – Rural Economy

OSR12 – Recreational Routes Core Strategy Policy 18 – Green Infrastructure Core Strategy Policy 19 – Areas of Separation and Major Open Space

OSR13 – Disused Transport Routes Core Strategy Policy 18 – Green Infrastructure Core Strategy Policy 19 – Areas of Separation and Major Open Space

OSR15 – Tourism Development Core Strategy Policy 11 – Retail and Town Centre Uses and Business Based Tourism Core Strategy Policy 12 – Culture and Entertainment Facilities Core Strategy Policy 13 – Rural Economy

OSR16 – Small Scale Tourism Core Strategy Policy 13 – Rural Economy

OSR17 – Holiday Caravans Removed

QD12 – Telecommunications Covered by other legislation - NPPF

T4 – Park & Ride Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

T6 – Control of Development Affecting Policy not taken forward Trunk Roads

T7 – Implications of Development for Non Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel Trunk Roads

T8 – Traffic Management Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

T9 – Traffic Calming Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

T13 – Pedestrian Movement Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

T14 – Facilities in Highway Schemes Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

T15 – Pedestrianisation Core Strategy Policy 3 – Travel

Preston Local Plan 2004-Policy Superseded by

DS3: Density of Housing Development Core Strategy Policy 5 – Housing Density

DC16: Surface Water and Ground Water Core Strategy Policy 29 – Water Management Supplies

DP3: Development and Flood Risk Core Strategy Policy 29 – Water Management

H4: Caravan Sites for Gypsies Core Strategy Policy 8 – Gypsy & Traveller & Travelling Show People Accommodation

RE2: Wind Energy Core Strategy Policy 28 – Renewable & Low Carbon Energy Schemes PS14: GypsiesandOtherTravellers PS 13:Travelling Showpeople Sites forNon-EmploymentUses EM9: RedevelopmentofEmployment Rural Settlements EM4: ProtectionofEmploymentSitesin Economy EM3: DiversificationoftheRural HS5: Affordable Housing HS4: DesignandLayout EP24: WindFarms Resources EP23: EnergyfromRenewable EP22: EnergyConservation EP18: SurfaceWater Run-Off EP17: Water Resourcesand Quality EP10: LandscapeAssessment EP5: WildlifeCorridors DC9 :LandscapeCharacterAreas Development GN5:Design andImpactof Review 2003-Policy Chorley Borough Local Plan Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 People Accommodation Core StrategyPolicy8–Gypsy&Traveller &Travelling Show People Accommodation Core StrategyPolicy8–Gypsy&Traveller &Travelling Show Premises &Sites Core StrategyPolicy10–Employment Premises &Sites Core StrategyPolicy10–Employment Core StrategyPolicy13–RuralEconomy Housing Core StrategyPolicy7–Affordable &SpecialNeeds Buildings Core StrategyPolicy17–DesignofNew Schemes Core StrategyPolicy28–Renewable&LowCarbonEnergy Schemes Core StrategyPolicy28–Renewable&LowCarbonEnergy Resources &NewDevelopments Core StrategyPolicy27–Sustainable Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Core StrategyPolicy29–Water Management Character Areas Core StrategyPolicy21–Landscape Core StrategyPolicy22–Biodiversity&Geodiversity Infrastructure Core StrategyPolicies18-Green Core StrategyPolicy21–LandscapeCharacterAreas Buildings Core StrategyPolicy17–DesignofNew Superseded by 147 Appendix C: Superceded Policies from Existing Local Plans Page 148 A. Identify the problem and causes of variance B. Consider if it is appropriate to change the policy phasing of sites closer with key partners, developers C. Work and landowners to better manage the delivery of development (eg access to finance, including grants, consider reviewing s106 agreements and contributions) D. Consider a review of the Policy A. Identify the problem and causes of variance closer with key partners, developers B. Work and landowners to better manage the delivery of development (eg access to finance, including grants, consider reviewing s106 agreements and contributions) C. Consider reviewing the operation of CIL D. Consider a review of the CIL Charging Schedule A. Identify the problem and causes of variance B. Seek to introduce high vehicle occupancy lanes earlier than planned C. Re-prioritise Park and Ride site developments routes Bus Rapid Transit A. Identify the problem and causes of variance B. Consider if it is appropriate to change the policy phasing of sites closer with key partners, developers C. Work and landowners to better manage the delivery of development (eg access to finance, including grants, consider reviewing s106 agreements and contributions) D. Consider a review of the Policy Contingencies +/- 20% variance from distribution of development Decrease in s106/ CIL infrastructure funding of more than 20% on a rolling three year average Increase in road traffic congestion by more than 5% on a rolling three year average. Shortfall of housing completions (by quantity) of more than 20% on a rolling three year average. Trigger

4 8 % 8%

A r e a :

Cumulative housing completions from April 2011 located within: Preston/South Ribble U r b a n (25% within Strategic Sites & Locations) Buckshaw Village: Key Service Centres: Urban Local Service Centres: 9% Rural Local Service Centres 10% 25% and elsewhere: Monitor each year on year reduction Year Annual housing completions against requirement targets Target Provision of housing developments by location of developer Value contributions collected (and spent on infrastructure priorities) Changes to road traffic congestion Net additional dwellings completed Indicator 1: Locating Growth 2: Infrastructure 3: Travel 4: Housing Delivery Policy 1 2 3 4 Appendix D: Performance Monitoring Framework No

5 7: Affordable Number of Annual affordable housing Shortfall of A. Identify the problem and causes of the variance Housing affordable homes completions against requirement new affordable B. Consider if it is appropriate to change the policy built targets: housing phasing of sites completions of Preston: 46 C. Prioritise the use of local authority land and/or more than 20% South Ribble: 30 led acquisitions to bring forward sites on a rolling three Chorley: 50 D. Work closer with key partners, developers year average and landowners to better manage the delivery Total: 126 pa of development (eg access to finance, including grants, consider reviewing s106 agreements and contributions)

6 9: Economic Employment land Cumulative take-up of land for Shortfall of A. Identify the problem and causes of the variance Central Lancashire LocalDevelopmentFrameworkAdoptedCore StrategyJuly2012 Growth and take-up employment development from (pro-rata) B. Consider if it is appropriate to change the policy Employment April 2009 compared to plan period employment land phasing of sites requirements: release of more C. Work closer with key partners, developers than 20% on a Preston: 118.5ha and landowners to better manage the delivery rolling three year South Ribble: 223.5ha of development (eg access to finance, including average Chorley: 112ha grants, consider reviewing s106 agreements and contributions) D. Consider a review of the Policy

7 15: Skills and Working age Better or equal to regional averages Lower than the A. Identify the problem and causes of the variance Economic population in each Council regional average B. Seek to enable additional land/facilities available Inclusion qualified to NVQ performance for educational and training uses if appropriate Level 4 or higher for three years C. Develop a training charter with job centres/local running employers/colleges/ UCLAN D. Work closer with key partners including LCC/ colleges/UCLAN to provide improved/increased education facilities

8 16: Heritage Number of Heritage No net increase No progress at A. Identify the problem and causes of the variance Assets Assets at Risk No Heritage Assets at risk by 2026 reduction on a B. Prioritise conservation advice and provide rolling five year assistance where appropriate time period C. Investigate funding availability from a variety of Any increase in sources (eg CIL, EH, HLF or other grants) the number of D. Activate compensation, enforcement or Heritage Assets mitigation mechanisms at risk 149 Appendix D: Performance Monitoring Framework Page 150 mitigation or enforcement compensation, Activate A. Identify the problem and causes of variance harder with developers at pre-application B. Work stage to ensure ‘Building for Life’ or ‘Places Matter’ criteria are incorporated into scheme designs A. Identify the problem and causes of loss B. Undertake further work with Leisure Services departments, key partners, developers and landowners to protect and enhance sport, recreation and open space C. Investigate funding availability from a variety of sources (eg CIL, HLF or other grants) D. Enforce corrective action or mitigation on individual schemes or features A. Identify the problem and causes of loss closer with key partners, developers and B. Work landowners to protect and enhance biodiversity significances C. A. Identify the problem and causes of variance B. Devote more time to working with development land owners to produce viable and suitable schemes, incorporating HIA requirements C. Enforce corrective action or mitigation on individual schemes A. Identify the problem and causes of variance B. Increase use of planning briefs and partnership working with developers to facilitate compliance with the latest standards C. Enforce corrective action or mitigation on individual schemes mechanisms More than 5% of all developments assessed failing to meet required standards, on a rolling three year average Any significant unmitigated loss to other uses of sport, recreation and informal open space Any loss in areas of biodiversity importance Any consents granted on relevant sites without an HIA More than 5% of all developments failing to meet required standards, on a rolling three year average Assessments Impact Health All housing developments (over 5 hectares) to achieve a ‘good’ Building for Life rating by 2016, and ‘very good’ by 2021. All major non-residential developments to achieve a score of 3 in the Places Matter assessment, increasing to 4 by 2021. No net loss No net loss Undertake All housing developments to meet the Code for Sustainable Homes standards: January 2013: Level 4 January 2016: Level 6 All non-residential developments Good or to be BREEAM rated Very Excellent by 2016, and Outstanding by 2026 (HIA) for major planning applications on Strategic Sites and Locations, with outcomes implemented Higher quality building design Amount of sport, recreation and informal open space lost to other uses Change in areas of biodiversity importance Improving community health Planning to adapt to climate change 17: Design of New Buildings 18: Green Infrastructure/ 24: Sport and Recreation 22: Biodiversity 23: Health 27: Sustainable Resources and New Developments 9 10 11 12 13 Figure 19: Key Diagram

Urban Areas Preston & South Ribble Urban Area Key Service Centre Strategic Site Strategic Location Rural Local Service Centre

Proposed Bus Park and Ride

Proposed Railway Station

Sub-regional Employment Site

Longridge Area of Separation Goosnargh Countryside Access Area Moorland Gateway Broughton Strategic Environmental Grimsargh Improvements Central Park Cuerden Valley Park Cottam Yarrow Valley Park Major Open Space PRESTON Samlesbury

Railway Line Motorways Walton Higher Main A Roads Penwortham -le-Dale Walton Hutton Strategic Road Improvements Lostock Bamber Hall Bridge Longton Central Lancashire Area Cuerden Local Authority Boundaries

Midge Farington Clayton Hall Brook / Green Clayton Withnell LEYLAND -le- Whittle-le- Woods Woods Brinscall Buckshaw

Astley Village Euxton CHORLEY Eccleston

Coppull Adlington / Heath Charnock /Anderton

Horwich SOUTH RIBBLE BOROUGH COUNCIL forward with South Ribble