DOCSLIB.ORG

Extrication from Cars During Road Traffic Accidents Editor Dan Wargclou Extrication from Cars During Road Traffic Accidents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Extrication from Cars During Road Traffic Accidents Editor Dan Wargclou Extrication from Cars During Road Traffic Accidents Editor Dan Wargclou Extrication from Cars during Road Traffic Accidents Editor Dan Wargclou Extrication from Cars during Road Traffic Accidents Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) Extrication from Cars during Road Traffic Accidents Editor: Dan Wargclou Project manager: Ingvar Hansson English version: James Butler Layout: Advant Produktionsbyrå AB Published: 2011 Publication number MSB317 - October 2011 ISBN: 978-91-7383-165-9 2 Content Introduction....................................................................... 9 Time is precious! ...................................................................... 9 Book layout............................................................................. 11 1. Safety systems..............................................................13 Euro NCAP............................................................................. 16 Frontal impact ........................................................................ 17 Side impact........................................................................... 17 Pole test.............................................................................. 18 Colliding with a pedestrian............................................................ 18 Child safety........................................................................... 19 Whiplash............................................................................. 19 Batteries............................................................................... 20 Cutting power........................................................................ 21 Automatic battery disconnection...................................................... 21 Belt pretensioners.................................................................... 22 Airbags................................................................................. 22 How an airbag works................................................................ 23 Fire. ..................................................................................... 24 Volvo S80 airbag system............................................................ 24 Identifying a vehicle with an airbag.............................................. 25 Medical effects of airbags.......................................................... 27 Airbags and the fire brigade....................................................... 28 Frequently asked questions and answers about airbags .........................30 Other safety systems................................................................. 32 Whiplash protection..................................................................32 Roll-over protection systems...........................................................33 Safety glass...........................................................................33 Protective systems ................................................................... 33 WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System).................................................33 Seatbelts with pre-tensioners and load limiters....................................... 34 Side body-airbags.................................................................... 34 IC (Inflatable Curtain)................................................................ 34 Low front cross-member............................................................. 34 Pedestrian protection ................................................................ 34 Two stage airbags.....................................................................35 Pre-prepared restraints................................................................35 Preventive systems................................................................... 35 DAC (Driver Alert Control).............................................................35 3 LDW (Lane Departure Warning).......................................................35 ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control)........................................................ 36 Collision warning with autobraking................................................... 36 RSC (Roll Stability Control)........................................................... 36 Volvo On Call......................................................................... 37 DSTC (Dynamic Stability and Traction Control)......................................... 37 BLIS (Blind Spot Information System)................................................. 37 Rear view camera..................................................................... 37 2. Different fuels.............................................................. 39 Electric and hybrid cars ............................................................. 39 Voltage and high energy content..................................................... 40 Battery technologies................................................................. 43 Chemical risks in connection with the handling of batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles ..................................................................... 45 Identification........................................................................ 46 Fire in a battery pack.................................................................. 47 Recommendations during an emergency response........................... 48 Collisions............................................................................ 48 Fire extinguishing ................................................................... 48 Gas vehicles........................................................................... 49 Vehicle gas (methane)............................................................... 49 Engine gas (LPG)..................................................................... 50 DME................................................................................. 50 Hydrogen............................................................................ 50 Gas systems in methane-powered vehicles............................................ 51 Safety equipment..................................................................... 51 Gas systems in LPG-powered vehicles..................................................53 Is the vehicle gas-powered?...........................................................53 Recommendations during an emergency response........................... 54 Collisions............................................................................ 54 Fire.................................................................................. 55 E85...................................................................................... 56 Risks during fire-extinguishing....................................................... 56 How much more akward is it to extinguish fires involving E85?........................ 57 3. Road environment...................................................... 61 2+1 roads.............................................................................. 61 Dividing the carriageway with a wire-rope barrier............................. 61 Dismantling wire-rope barriers.................................................... 63 Accident on 2+1 road ............................................................... 64 Cutting of wire-rope................................................................. 65 Barriers................................................................................. 65 4 4. Equipment...................................................................69 Portable hydraulic pumps.......................................................... 72 Hydraulic hoses and hydraulic couplings........................................ 73 Design of cutters..................................................................... 75 Personal protective equipment (PPE)............................................ 76 Crash Recovery System.............................................................. 78 5. Organisation on scene................................................ 81 Making the accident site safe...................................................... 81 Cordoning off a road................................................................. 82 Some simple advice that should be taken into account follows, however:82. The Falköping model................................................................ 83 The most important features of the method are presented below, with brief suggestions:............................................................... 83 Equipment in position:............................................................... 86 Examples from the handbook of cordoning off roads using the Falköping model.......87 Accident site...........................................................................90 Positioning of vehicles................................................................ 91 Standard routines.................................................................... 92 The incident commander’s tasks..................................................... 92 Traffic control officer/medic/extricator............................................... 92 The safety officer..................................................................... 93 Medic/extricator..................................................................... 93 Driver/tool officer.................................................................... 94 Medical services organisation..................................................... 96 The police..............................................................................98 Traffic information, traffic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Service Patrol Handbook
    FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION SERVICE PATROL HANDBOOK November 2008 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the department of transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the object of the document. i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-HOP-08-031 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Service Patrol Handbook November 2008 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Nancy Houston, Craig Baldwin, Andrea Vann Easton, Steve Cyra, P.E., P.T.O.E., Marc Hustad, P.E., Katie Belmore, EIT 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Booz Allen Hamilton HNTB Corporation 8283 Greensboro Drive 11414 West Park Place, Suite 300 McLean, Virginia 22102 Milwaukee, WI 53224 11. Contract or Grant No. 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Federal Highway Administration, HOTO-1 Final Report U. S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D. C. 20590 HOTO, FHWA 15. Supplementary Notes Paul Sullivan, FHWA Office of Operations, Office of Transportation Operations, Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative (COTR). Handbook development was performed under contract to Booz Allen Hamilton. 16. Abstract This Handbook provides an overview of the Full-Function Service Patrol (FFSP) and describes desired program characteristics from the viewpoint of an agency that is responsible for funding, managing, and operating the services.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs
    NISTIR 7406 Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs Anthony Hamins NISTIR 7406 Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs Anthony Hamins Fire Research Division Building and Fire Research Laboratory Anthony Hamins March 2007 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary Technology Administration Robert Cresanti, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology William Jeffrey, Director ii Vehicle Fire Suppression Research Needs Submitted to Motor Vehicle Fire Research Institute (MVFRI) 1334 Pendleton Court Charlottesville, Virginia 22901 March 1, 2004 Revised: March, 14 2007 Abstract This report identifies research needs in automotive fire protection. The work focuses on the problem of post-collision vehicle fires. Recent fire suppression research is cited with special attention given to results cited in the scientific literature as well as relevant reviewed manufacturer information. The report is broken into several sections that include background information on the post-collision vehicle fire problem, a summary of previous suppression research in vehicles, recent fire suppression research, in general, and specific suggestions for further post-collision vehicle fire suppression research that is needed. The results of a workshop on “Fire Suppression Research Needs” that took place during the 2005 SAE World Congress is described. Several Appendices reproduce pertinent information, regarding suppression technologies for vehicle fire applications, which were obtained on the internet and in this sense act as an archive. iii Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………. iii 1. Background ..……………………………………………………………………… 1 2. Current and Previous Fire Suppression Research ……………………………… 3 2.1 The Search for Halon Replacements and Alternatives …………………….…. 3 2.1.1 The Halon Replacement Program ……………………………….….
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Vehicle Fire Trends and Patterns
    U.S. VEHICLE FIRE TRENDS AND PATTERNS Marty Ahrens June 2010 National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division U.S. VEHICLE FIRE TRENDS AND PATTERNS Marty Ahrens June 2010 National Fire Protection Association Fire Analysis and Research Division Abstract In 2003-2007, U.S. fire departments responded to an average of 287,000 vehicle fires per year. These fires caused an average of 480 civilian deaths, 1,525 civilian injuries, and $1.3 billion in direct property damage annually. Cars, trucks and other highway vehicles (meaning a vehicle designed for highway use, not that the fire occurred on a highway) accounted for 93% of the vehicle fires and 92% of the vehicle fire deaths. Data from the U.S. Fire Administration’s (USFA’s) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) and the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA’s) annual fire department experience survey are used to provide details about the types of vehicles involved in fire and the circumstances of highway vehicle fires. Mechanical or electrical failures caused roughly three-quarters of the highway vehicle fires, but only 11% of the deaths. Collisions and overturns were factors contributing to the ignition in only 3% of the fires, but fires resulting from these incidents caused 58% of these vehicle fire deaths. Older teens and young adults are the age groups at highest risk of highway vehicle fire death and injuries. One-third (35%) of non-fatal highway vehicle fires injuries occurred when civilians attempted to fight the fire themselves. Keywords: fire statistics, vehicle, highway, car fires, truck, bus, motorcycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Vehicle Hazards in Parking Structures and Vehicle Carrier
    Modern Vehicle Hazards in Parking Structures and Vehicle Carrier International Conference on Fire in Vehicles (FIVE) Dec 15th, 2020 Haavard Boehmer, P.E., Michael Klassen, PhD., P.E., and Stephen Olenick, P.E. Combustion Science & Engineering, Inc. Presenters Haavard Boehmer, P.E. Haavard R. Boehmer, P.E., MSc. (FPE) is Senior Engineer at CSE with ten years of experience and has worked on a range of complex fire modeling problems both for commercial and for research purposes as well as conducted forensic investigations of residential, industrial, and vehicle fire cases. Michael S. Klassen, P.E., Ph.D Michael S. Klassen, P.E., Ph.D. (Mechanical Engineering) is Principal Research Engineer with over 20 years of experimental fire and combustion research experience. He has been involved in numerous projects involving fire dynamics, experimentation, computer modeling, detection, and suppression. 2 Project summary ■ New vehicle construction techniques and materials. – Modern vehicles are larger, heavier – Increased plastic use ■ Analyzing increased burning energy content of modern vehicles – Existing vehicle fire tests – Material data and properties 3 Project goals ■ Are current design standards/practices appropriate for the hazard? – Should sprinklers be required? – Requirements for open vs enclosed garages – Do modern vehicles burn hotter/longer? ■ What are the knowledge gaps? ■ What further research is needed? Columbus, OH, July 2015 4 The vehicle fire problem Liverpool, UK. 2017 2014 – 2018 average data for USA. Annually; ■ 1,858 total parking
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Nissan Armada
    2020 ARMADA OWNER’S MANUAL and MAINTENANCE INFORMATION For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle. CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING Foreword This manual was prepared to help you READ FIRST — THEN DRIVE SAFELY WARNING understand the operation and mainte- Before driving your vehicle, read your nance of your vehicle so that you may Owner’s Manual carefully. This will ensure enjoy many miles of driving pleasure. familiarity with controls and maintenance Operating, servicing and main- Please read through this manual before requirements, assisting you in the safe taining a passenger vehicle or operating your vehicle. operation of your vehicle. off-highway motor vehicle can A separate Warranty Information Book- let explains details about the warranties expose you to chemicals in- covering your vehicle. Additionally, a WARNING cluding engine exhaust, carbon separate Customer Care/Lemon Law monoxide, phthalates, and Booklet (U.S. only) will explain how to IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION resolve any concerns you may have REMINDERS! lead, which are known to the with your vehicle, as well as clarify your Follow these important driving rules State of California to cause rights under your state’s lemon law. to help ensure a safe and comforta- cancer and birth defects or In addition to factory installed options, ble trip for you and your passengers! your vehicle may also be equipped with other reproductive harm. To . NEVER drive under the influence additional accessories installed by NISSAN of alcohol or drugs. or by your NISSAN dealer prior to delivery. minimize exposure, avoid . It is important that you familiarize your- ALWAYS observe posted speed breathing exhaust, do not idle self with all disclosures, warnings, cau- limits and never drive too fast the engine except as neces- tions and instructions concerning proper for conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovered, Stored, Impounded and Asset Seized Motor Vehicles 09-28-10
    SACRAMENTO POLICE DEPARTMENT GENERAL ORDERS 536.02 RECOVERED, STORED, IMPOUNDED AND ASSET SEIZED MOTOR VEHICLES 09-28-10 PURPOSE The purpose of this order is to establish procedures for processing recovered, stored, impounded, or asset seized vehicles. POLICY It shall be the policy of the Sacramento Police Department to safeguard motor vehicles that are recovered, stored, impounded, or asset seized at the direction of Department personnel by following established procedures and properly documenting police actions. PROCEDURE A. DEFINITIONS 1. RECOVERY - Found stolen vehicle. 2. STORAGE - Vehicle caused to be stored by a member of the Department [e.g. 22651(g) VC, 22651(h) VC]. 3. IMPOUND - Vehicle kept for police custody until legal obligation fulfilled [e.g. 14602.6 VC, 22651(i) VC, or 22651(o) VC]. 4. EVIDENCE IMPOUND - Vehicle kept in police custody until vehicle has no further value as evidence. 5. ASSET SEIZURE - Public entity intends to take title of vehicle. B. GENERAL 1. Officers shall make a visual inspection of the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of all motor vehicles that are recovered, stored, impounded, or asset seized to determine if it corresponds to the license plate and registration of the vehicle. 2. An SPD 188 (Vehicle Recovery/Storage/Inventory) shall normally be used whenever a vehicle is recovered, stored, impounded, or asset seized. a. Officers shall inventory the contents of every vehicle recovered, stored, impounded, or asset seized by the Department to protect: (1) the owner's property while it is in police custody. (2) the Department when claims or disputes arise over the status of property.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Altima Sedan Owner's Manual
    2020 ALTIMA SEDAN OWNER’S MANUAL and MAINTENANCE INFORMATION For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle. Owner’s Manual Supplement The information contained within this supplement revises or adds to the following information within the 2019 Qashqai, 2020 Altima and 2020 Rogue Owner’s Manual: ∙ “WARNING AND INDICATOR LIGHTS” in the “Illustrated table of contents” section ∙ “WARNING LIGHTS, INDICATOR LIGHTS AND AUDIBLE REMINDERS” in the “Instruments and controls” section ∙ “WARNING LIGHTS” in the “WARNING LIGHTS, INDICATOR LIGHTS AND AUDIBLE REMINDERS” section in the “Instruments and controls” section ∙ “INDICATOR LIGHTS” in the “WARNING LIGHTS, INDICATOR LIGHTS AND AUDIBLE REMINDERS” section in the “Instruments and controls” section Read carefully and keep in vehicle. Printing: August 2019 Publication No. SU20EA 0T32U0 WARNING AND INDICATOR LIGHTS WARNING LIGHTS, INDICATOR LIGHTS AND AUDIBLE REMINDERS Brake warning 2 2. If the brake fluid level is correct, have Brake warning light (red) the warning system checked. It is rec- light (red) or ommended that you visit a NISSAN or dealer for this service. or Electronic parking brake warning light (yellow) (if so equipped) WARNING Electronic parking 3 ∙ Your brake system may not be work- ing properly if the warning light is on. brake warning WARNING LIGHTS Driving could be dangerous. If you or light (yellow) (if so or Brake warning judge it to be safe, drive carefully to equipped) light (red) the nearest service station for repairs. Otherwise, have your vehicle towed This light functions for both the parking because driving it could be brake and the foot brake systems. dangerous. Parking brake indicator (if so equipped) ∙ Pressing the brake pedal with the en- gine stopped and/or a low brake fluid When the ignition switch is placed in the ON level may increase your stopping dis- position, the light comes on when the park- tance and braking will require greater ing brake is applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research
    DOT HS 811 267 February 2010 Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers’ names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 811 267 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Analysis of Published Hydrogen Vehicle Safety Research February 2010 6. Performing Organization Code NHTSA/NVS-312 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report Stephanie Flamberg, Susan Rose, Denny Stephens – Battelle Memorial Institute No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Battelle Memorial Institute 11. Contract or Grant No. 505 King Avenue DTNH22-08-D-00080 Columbus, Ohio 43201 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Covered 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Final Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Hydrogen-fueled vehicles (HFVs) offer the promise of providing safe, clean, and efficient transportation in a setting of rising fuel prices and tightening environmental regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Vehicle Design Fire Scenarios in Car Parking Buildings
    Multiple Vehicle Design Fire Scenarios in Car Parking Buildings by Mohd Zahirasri bin Mohd Tohir Supervised by Associate Professor Michael Spearpoint and Professor Charles Fleischmann 2015 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Fire Engineering Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract Over recent years, there is considerable interest in the research of vehicle fires in car parking buildings. The acceptance towards performance-based design engineering approach around the world has led the use of engineering approaches to the assessment of fire safety in structures. In fire safety context of performance-based design, one of the fundamental components is design scenario. The aim of this thesis is to formulate an approach that is able to develop appropriate design fire scenarios for vehicle fires in car parking buildings using probabilistic assessment methods as part of a risk-based approach. This is achieved by creating a probabilistic model to investigate the risks associated with vehicle fires in car parking buildings, such that fire risk is equal to probability multiplied by consequence. The probability component depends on a number of factors which are the vehicle parking distribution probability, i.e. the probability of vehicles being distributed in a particular pattern throughout the building at a given time; the vehicle classification i.e. the composition of different vehicle types in a fleet; and the vehicle fire involvement, i.e. the likely number of vehicles involved in a fire. The consequence component is defined as the severity of the fire in terms of fire growth, energy released, and number of vehicles involved in burning.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan for Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems
    Suite 500 Washington, DC 20036-1993 (202) 857-l 202 FAX (202) 296-5408 STRATEGIC PLAN FOR . Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems in the United States Report No: IVHS-AMER-92-3 Prepared by IVHS AMERICA May 20, 1992 Abstract The purpose of this Strategic Plan is to guide development and deployment of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) in the United States. The plan includes: goals and objectives for a national IVHS program; challenges to deployment and ways to resolve them; suggested roles for public, private, and academic participants; a course of action; and cost estimates. For copies of this report contact: IVHS AMERICA 1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 510 Washington, DC. 20036-1993 U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 857- 1202 FAX: (202) 296-5408 Price: Members - $25.00 each (more than 5 copies - $20.00 each) Non-members - $50.00 each (more than 5 copies - $40.00 each) Prepayment required.Make checks payable to IVHS AMERICA. Foreign orders payable in U.S currency. (c) 1992 by the Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Society of America. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any electronic means, without the express permission of the copyright holder. This document was produced, in part, with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Contract Number DTFH 61-91 -C-00034. STRATEGIC PLAN FOR IVHS IN THE UNITED STATES This Strategic Plan was developed through a consensus-building process Acknowledgements that involved the entire IVHS community, including the public and private sectors and academia. Literally hundreds of people have participated, too many to acknowledge individually.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Investigator Health and Safety Best Practices
    Fire Investigator Health and Safety Best Practices Second Edition May 4, 2020 The International Association of Arson Investigators, Inc. Health & Safety Committee1 Table of Contents What’s New in this Edition ....................................................................................................................... 3 Health & Safety Committee Members ..................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Health Hazards ................................................................................................................................... 10 Research ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Related Activities................................................................................................................................ 14 Part I – Fire Investigator Health and Safety Best Practices .................................................................... 15 Section 1.0 Employers .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Deliverable D04.1 Review of Accident Causes and Hazard Identification Report May 2020
    Horizon 2020 Project acronym: LASH FIRE Project full title: Legislative Assessment for Safety Hazard of Fire and Innovations in Ro-ro ship Environment Grant Agreement No: 814975 Coordinator: RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Deliverable D04.1 Review of accident causes and hazard identification report May 2020 Dissemination level: Public Call identifier: H2020-MG-2018-Two-Stages Starting date: 2019-09-01 Duration: 48 months MG-2.2-2018: Marine Accident Response, Subtopic C) Deliverable D04.1 Abstract A background study concerning fire causes in ro-ro spaces was performed and subsequently used as input for a Hazard Identification (HazId) workshop. The main takeaways from the background study are: • The ship’s equipment is rarely the cause of fire–rather, the ship’s cargo is generally the culprit; • Electrical fault originating in the ship’s cargo is the most common cause of fire in ro-ro spaces; • Although refrigerated units typically constitute a rather limited proportion of all the carried cargo onboard, it is, according to statistics, the most hazardous type of cargo, in terms of probability, but also severity; • While electrical failures in internal combustion engine vehicles constitute an apparent hazard, especially if the vehicles are in poor condition, there is little, if any, data that suggests electrical vehicles are more prone to fire than internal combustion engine vehicles; and • Gas leak in Alternatively Powered Vehicles that leads to fire is a rare occurrence. The background study comprised the analytical component of the hazard identification and was subsequently complemented with a creative element, i.e. the HazId workshop which ensured that the identified hazards were not confined to those which have materialized in the past.
    [Show full text]