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LEGUMINOSAS 1.Pdf ESTUDIOS EN LEGUMINOSAS C OLOMBIANAS 1 ACADEMIA COLOMBIANA DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS, FÍSICAS Y NATURALES COLECCIÓN JORGE ÁLVAREZ LLERAS No. 25 Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Edición conjunta de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, el Instituto Humboldt, el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales y la Red Latinoamericana de Botánica. ESTUDIOS EN LEGUMINOSAS COLOMBIANAS Editores: Enrique Forero, Ph. D. Carolina Romero, Biól. BOGOTÁ, D.C., COLOMBIA, 2005 4 ENRIQUE FORERO & CAROLINA ROMERO © Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Trans. 27 No. 39A-63 – Tel.: 3680365 – Fax: (571) 3680365 Apartado Aéreo 44763 – URL: http//www.accefyn.org.co Reservados todos los derechos. Este libro no puede ser reproducido total o parcialmente sin autorización. ISBN: 958-9205-63-1 (volumen) 958-9205-19-4 (colección) Clasificación Dewey: 583.3209.861 F673e Materias: Leguminosae, Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae, Colombia. Bogotá, 31 de julio 2005 Este volumen contó con el al apoyo financiero del Ministerio de Educación Nacional República de Colombia MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN NACIONAL Armada digital e Impresión: EDITORA GUADALUPE LTDA. E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: 2690532, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Printed and Made in Colombia – Impreso en Colombia, 2005 ESTUDIOS EN LEGUMINOSAS C OLOMBIANAS 5 Los editores y los autores dedicamos este volumen a la memoria del Dr. Hernando García-Barriga (1913-2005). CONTENIDO Pág. Prólogo ......................................................................................................... 9 Introducción Enrique Forero ........................................................................................ 11-18 Historia nomenclatural de las Leguminosae Enrique Forero, Carolina Romero & Liz Karen Ruíz ......................... 19-28 Leguminosae subfamilia Mimosoideae, con particular referencia a la tribu Ingeae Carolina Romero .................................................................................... 29-38 Revisión del género Calliandra (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) en Colombia María Angélica Bello & Enrique Forero .............................................. 39-110 Taxonomía del género Inga Mill. Carolina Romero & Angélica Alba-López ........................................... 111-130 Revisión de las especies colombianas de Inga sección Bourgonia Angélica Alba-López .............................................................................. 131-174 Revisión de las especies colombianas de Inga sección Pseudinga Carolina Romero .................................................................................... 175-280 Sinopsis de las especies colombianas de Pithecellobium (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) Ruth Marina Díaz-Martín .................................................................... 281-300 Leguminosae subfamilia Caesalpinioideae Luz Mila Quiñones ................................................................................ 301-328 8 ENRIQUE FORERO & CAROLINA ROMERO Pág. Leguminosae subfamilia Papilionoideae Liz Karen Ruíz &Enrique Forero.......................................................... 329-358 Sinopsis de las especies colombianas del género Erythrina (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) Juan Carlos Granados-Tochoy, Liz Karen Ruíz & Enrique Forero ........ 359-398 Bibliografía de Leguminosae para Colombia Enrique Forero, Carolina Romero & Liz Karen Ruíz ......................... 399 ESTUDIOS EN LEGUMINOSAS C OLOMBIANAS 9 PRÓLOGO Este volumen es el resultado de varios años de trabajo sobre Leguminosas colombianas, realizado principalmente en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL), Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Con su publicación se busca facilitar los esfuerzos de futuros investigadores interesados en la familia en Colombia. El libro ha sido escrito en tal forma que los distintos capítulos son independientes y pueden ser consultados y utilizados separadamente. Se ha hecho lo posible por establecer un patrón uniforme y se han seguido en términos generales los lineamientos de la serie Flora de Colombia al preparar los textos. No obstante, aún pueden reconocerse en los distintos capítulos algunas diferencias que reflejan la personalidad y el estilo de sus respectivos autores. Los niveles de profundidad de los tratamientos taxonómicos varían, y por esa razón se usan los términos “revisión” y “sinopsis”. Puesto que ya existen monografías de varios de los grupos estudiados, no se ha tratado de resolver los pocos problemas de tipificación que aún persisten, y se han seguido –salvo en pocos casos– las decisiones de autores como Pennington y Barneby. Los trabajos aquí publicados dejan abiertos numerosos interrogantes para futuras investigaciones y muestran la urgencia de continuar con el estudio de la familia y de profundizar tanto en la taxonomía de muchos grupos como en su importancia económica, estado de conservación, etc. Los autores expresan, en primer lugar, su agradecimiento al Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, a sus directores Gonzalo Andrade (hasta el año 2003) y Gloria Galeano (a partir de 2003), al Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL), a su actual curador Julio Betancur y a su antecesor Edgar Linares, por facilitar en muchas formas la realización de nuestras investigaciones sobre Leguminosas. Así mismo, agradecen la colaboración de los directores y curadores de los herbarios CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira), COAH (Instituto Sinchi, Bogotá), CUVC (Universidad del Valle, Cali), HUA 10 ENRIQUE FORERO & CAROLINA ROMERO (Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín) , JAUM (Jardín Botánico de Medellín) y MEDEL (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín). Gwilym Lewis (Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, Inglaterra) y Jim Luteyn (The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, E.U.A.) colaboraron con nosotros en la obtención de literatura. El Dr. Lewis nos facilitó información actualizada sobre la familia en diversas oportunidades. Favio González (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogotá) leyó todo el manuscrito e hizo sugerencias y correcciones que resultaron de inmenso valor para perfeccionarlo. Agradecemos también las contribuciones de Edgar Linares y la colaboración de la Diseñadora Gráfica Adriana Romero, quien diseñó la carátula y realizó el retoque digital de las figuras. El trabajo que condujo a la preparación de este volumen recibió apoyo financiero de la División de Investigación de la Sede Bogotá de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Proyecto No. 803690, “Estudios en Leguminosas Colombianas I”, 2001-2003) y de la International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), entidad que otorgó una beca que fue compartida por Carolina Romero y Liz Karen Ruíz durante el año 2004. La Red Latinoamericana de Botánica (RLB) aprobó una financiación parcial dentro de la convocatoria de apoyo a publicaciones científicas (Código No. RLB- Tyler Prize 2004-PUB02). El Instituto Alexander von Humboldt y la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales unieron esfuerzos para cubrir la mayor parte de los costos de la publicación. Enrique Forero Carolina Romero 2005 ESTUDIOS EN LEGUMINOSAS C OLOMBIANAS 11 INTRODUCCIÓN Enrique Forero* La Agenda de Investigación en Sistemática Siglo XXI (Forero et al., 1999) reconoció como prioritarias para el país las actividades de descubrir, describir y hacer el inventario de la diversidad biológica en Colombia, incrementar la capacidad para hacer investigación en Sistemática y fortalecer la comunidad científica nacional. Así mismo, se reconoció que muchos grupos de plantas terrestres están pobremente estudiados en el país y se identificó como prioritaria la necesidad de revisar el estado del conocimiento sobre la flora colombiana, dar énfasis al estudio de grupos de plantas que poseen especies con importancia económica real o potencial o con importancia ecológica, y adelantar programas para la revisión y actualización de las colecciones. Es un hecho que en Colombia la diversidad biológica no se conoce completamente ni se conserva de manera sostenible, mientras los hábitats naturales se destruyen o se transforman aceleradamente. La escasez de conocimientos dificulta cualquier esfuerzo de utilización racional o de conservación eficiente y sostenible. La necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento plantea a su vez el requisito de afianzar el talento humano, las instituciones especializadas en sistemática biológica y sus colecciones de referencia. Dada su importancia científica, económica y ecológica, la familia de las Leguminosas se constituye en un grupo de plantas cuyo estudio se considera fundamental para el cumplimiento de los objetivos de la Agenda de Investigación en Sistemática Siglo XXI. La revisión de la bibliografía disponible demostró que los estudios sobre Leguminosas en Colombia son relativamente escasos y no existen publicaciones * Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. [email protected] 12 ENRIQUE FORERO & CAROLINA ROMERO actualizadas que traten exclusivamente las especies colombianas. Por otra parte, con base en la revisión y actualización de las colecciones depositadas en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL), fue posible concluir que las monografías que se han publicado recientemente - y que cubren diversos grupos de Leguminosae para América -tienen como característica común la relativa ausencia de referencias al material de herbario depositado en COL o en otras instituciones colombianas. La carencia de información sobre ejemplares existentes
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