tiimmiiimiiiimiiiiiiifimiiuiiiiiimmiiiiiimiimimmii...... THE THE MALCOLM X MILITANT MURDER TRIAL Published in the Interest of the Working People — See page 2 — Vol. 30 - No. 6 Monday, February 7, 1966 Price 10c :iiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iitiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiittiiiiirttiiiinttiiH iiii(iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Escalate the Antiwar Movement — Bring the Troops Back Home!

By the Editors Johnson’s decision to resume bombing of north Vietnam marks a new stage in the escalation of the Vietnam war. It demonstrates conclusively that the so-called “peace offensive” was nothing but a maneuver intended to lull antiwar sentiment in the United States and the world. Even during the “peace offensive,” the U. S. escalated the war in the south through intensified bombings of villages and homes with jellied gasoline fire bombs, a massive troop buildup, and large-scale troop actions. Johnson now intends to intensify the war still further in both north and south Vietnam, sending ever greater numbers of Ameri­ can boys to kill and be killed in this unjust and counterrevolu­ tionary war. This new escalation is not only a further violation of the rights and lives of the Vietnamese people, which is horrible and inhuman enough. It is also one more step on the road to a major confrontation with China and the Soviet Union, and to the nuclear destruction of a third world war. The “ peace offensive” and the cynical use Johnson has made of the demand for “negotiations” as a cover for intensified ag­ gression have shown the impotence of this demand as a focus for the antiwar movement. The most effective demand the movement can make is the call for the immediate withdrawal of U. S. troops, in order to end the war now and allow the Vietnamese to decide their own fate and future. The day after the bombing of north Vietnam was resumed, a significant protest demonstration was held in New York. We urge everyone who is against this war to speak out and act now to oppose this new escalation. Stop the bombing of north and south Vietnam! Bring the troops home now!

PROTEST ACTION. Scene at New York’s Times Square Feb. 1 as more than 1,000 opponents of U.S. war in Vietnam marched to denounce Johnson’s escalation of war through renewal of bomb­ Support Mounts ing of north Vietnam. The turnout was particularly gratifying in that the action was held on short notice day after the announcement of renewed bombing. Organized by individuals representing a wide range of antiwar and radical organizations, the protesters marched from the United Nations across 42nd St. to demonstration site. Thirty-two were arrested when they sat down in the middle For Julian Bond of Broadway stalling traffic for blocks. Earlier, pacifists held a 24-hour peace vigil at the UN. The protest generated by the The court quickly and piously racist expulsion of Julian Bond ruled that there was no evidence from his elected seat in the that Bond had been ousted because Georgia state legislature reached of his race. However, the judges a significant new point when the agreed to hear further argument chief United Nations delegates on “ the many novel and impor­ LBJ's Renewal of Bombing from 15 African nations held an tant issues” in Bond’s suit to force unprecedented luncheon in Bond’s the Georgia House of Representa­ honor. It was held in a UN din­ tives to take him in. ing room Jan. 21 w ith the press The judges said the case re­ invited. Among the guests were volved around Bond’s constitution­ Rev. M artin Luther King and Har­ Means Wider, Bloodier War ally guaranteed right of free ry Belafonte. speech but one of the judges was By Dick Roberts “ There has been considerable The argument in favor of a quick to add the assertion that Belafonte has sparked the or­ FEB. 1 — “ More men, more talk here in the last few weeks,” lim ited war which Reston himself ganization of the Citizens Com­ persons do not have the right of planes, more ships, more money, Reston wrote, “ of a tactical switch supported was advanced by a sig­ free speech when their statements mittee for Julian Bond. Dr. King more materiel, more wounded, to an American strategy of con­ nificant coalition in Washington. constitute a “clear and present joined as co-complainant in Bond’s more dead,” the New York Times centrating on the consolidation This bloc included at least the danger” to the country. legal action to have the federal stated editorially in this morning’s and defense of the United States following: 29 senators including judiciary order the Georgia leg­ Ready to Appeal paper, “ —these are the unmen­ bases and the protection of wide William Fulbright and Mike islature to restore him to the seat tioned but probable sequels to the perimeters around the major south Mansfield, the leaders of the Sen­ to which he was elected last June. If the outcome of the present resumption of the bombing of Vietnamese cities. ate Foreign Relations Committee, The 26-year-old public relations court action is unfavorable, Bond north Vietnam . . . President John­ “ The President, however,” Res­ 77 congressmen, and Generals director of the Student Nonviolent is expected to appeal it to the son argued that ‘if continued im­ ton continued, “ is reported to be James M. Gavin and Matthew Coordinating Committee was ex­ Supreme Court. Meanwhile he is munity’ were given to north Viet­ scoffing at this defensive strategy Ridgeway, former Chief of Staff pelled from the legislature Jan. prepared to run again for his va­ nam, ‘the cost in lives — Vietna­ as ‘slow surrender,’ though some under the Eisenhower administra­ 10 after declaring his agreement cated seat in Atlanta’s predom­ mese, Americans and allied — w ill of the highest officers of the Pen­ tion and a commander during the w ith a SNCC policy statement inantly Negro 136th District. be greatly increased.’ tagon have estimated that even Korean War. blasting the U.S. war in Vietnam. SNCC has indicated that this “ But if 100,000 or even 500,000 this strategy of linking the coastal A leak to the New York Times, At the UN luncheon, Bond de­ time he may run as an indepen­ more American troops are sent to ‘enclaves’ and protecting the cities Jan. 29, indicated that it included dent rather than as a Democrat clared the U. S. “should get out” Vietnam, as is predicted,” the would require a minimum of 500,- unnamed top officials as well: of Vietnam without waiting for as he did previously. Times editorial continued, “many 000 American soldiers and take a “President Johnson,” Max Fran- negotiations. The mounting support fo r Bond’s more lives are surely going to be minimum of five years to be ef­ kel wrote from Washington, “is fight was indicated when the List of Countries lost. What was a morass is becom­ fective. said to have been told by his sen­ Citizens Committee was able to ing a bottomless pit.” “ What the President has said in ior advisers that it would take at The countries represented at the take an advertisement of nearly This somber note is far from effect,” Reston emphasizes, “ is least six or seven years of m ili­ luncheon for Bond were Algeria, a fu ll page in the New York being a journalistic exaggeration. that the objective of the American tary action to bring about a sat­ the Congo (Brazzaville), Ethiopia, Times to appeal for aid. The ad It reflects the fact that the real force in Vietnam is to break the isfactory situation in south Viet­ Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mal­ included statements of support for question which had been decided fighting will and power of the nam. Even this estimate of pro­ awi, Mauritania, Nigeria, the Su­ Bond by 32 Congressmen and a in Washington was not simply that enemy, and even the most con­ tracted conflict depends upon the dan, the United Arab Republic, host of notables in all walks of of resuming the bombing of north servative general officers here gradual commitment of many more Tanzania and Zambia. life. Vietnam. New York Times asso­ think the United States w ill have American troops, it is said — per­ The hearing in the court ac­ Contributions to aid in the fight ciate editor James Reston spelled to go well above half a million if haps half a m illion more.” tion initiated by Bond and Dr. may be sent to the Citizens Com­ out the full implications of the the strategy of searching out and The viewpoints of these men are K ing opened before a three-judge mittee for Julian Bond, Suite 803, bombing resumption in an article destroying the enemy is even to not to be taken light-mindedly. federal panel in Atlanta Jan. 28 100 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. from Washington of the same have a chance, let alone succeed.” Walter Lippmann stated their and was slated to resume Feb. 3. 10011. date: (Emphasis added) (Continued on Page 4) Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, February 7, 1966 Malcolm X Murder Trial By Herman Porter attended in Chicago — but could NEW YORK, Feb. 1 — Five not recall anything else about the eyewitnesses have testified so far trip, the name of the bus line he in the trial of three men accused used, the fare, or the time it took. of murdering Malcolm X, but not Most of his testimony concerned much light has been shed on some Hayer. He said that he was seated on the right side of the auditor­ of labor gangsters. The French of the questions surrounding the Mike Quill, president of the ium when a man stood up and Revolution would not have oc­ case. Transport Workers Union died of said: “Nigger, get out of my pock­ curred if any of the aristocrats The prosecution alleges that a heart attack in New York City et.” He recognized him to be Hay­ on Jan. 28. He had been president had any courage.” Malcolm X was shot by three active members of the Black Mus­ er, though he pronounced his of the TWU since the Thirties * * * lims on Feb. 21 at the Audubon name as “Hangan” meaning to when he helped found the union The phoney 3.2 wage guideline say “ Hagan.” Temple said he had and acquired a radical reputation Ballroom, presumably because of that President Johnson is trying his split from and differences seen Hayer on three previous oc­ through his association with left to palm off on American workers casions: first, selling Muhammad wing organizations. with Elijah Muhammad. Two of while closing his eyes to the fab­ the defendants, Norman (3X) Speaks at Lenox Ave. and 116th Once, when he was charged ulous profits of the corporations St., near Mosque No. 7; second, with being a communist, he an­ Butler and Thomas (15X) John­ w ill receive a severe test in the son, are well-known Muslims — in the mosque acting as a guard; swered, “I would rather be called coming months. Some 30 major third, in the Muslim restaurant. a Red by a rat than a rat by a according to the press, “ enforcers.” union agreements covering 1.2 How could they have even been Temple’s reliability as a witness Red.” At the TWU 1948 conven­ million workers will expire in was shaken by a question put to tion, however, Quill had a resolu­ in the ballroom when Malcolm’s 1966. followers, who knew them, ob­ him by Dermody after the defense tion passed that barred left wing * * * cross-examination was over. Der­ radicals and sympathizers from served each person entering and Gross receipts of the General mody asked Temple for the date holding union office. checked the auditorium for pos­ Motors Corp. in 1965 totaled $19 on which President Kennedy was His participation in this purge sible attackers? billion. This is more than the assassinated. Temple responded against union militants at the Talmage Hayer, also known as government revenue of three ma­ that he wasn’t sure of the exact start of the witch hunt and on Thomas Hagan, the only defend­ jor capitalist countries: West ant caught at the scene of the M alcolm X date but he knew it was in 1965. the eve of the emergence of Mc- Germany, $14 billion; Japan, 12.4 The fourth eyewitness, Edward Carthyism marked a breach with assassination, denies he was ever billion; and Canada, $6.5 billion. a Muslim. And he was not pub­ both of Malcolm’s organizations, DiPina, was a man of 70, black his radical past. One reason fo r GM’s fabulous but of Portuguese birth. A very Although he continued to make licly known to be a Muslim. He the Organization for Afro-Ameri­ income and profits is the increased likable old man, he tried to please militant statements during union was shot at the scene, allegedly by can U nity and the Muslim Mos­ cost of new cars. 1966 models, for his questioner and tended to an­ negotiations, he made contract Reuben Francis, one of Malcolm que Incorporated. He seemed to example, w ill cost some $70 more swer “ yes” when he was unsure. settlements that were increasing­ X ’s guards. If he was one of the have a much better grasp of what than those made in 1965. Despite He had difficulty in understand­ ly unpopular with the rank and attackers but not a Black Mus­ they were about than Cary Thom­ this fact, the U. S. Labor Depart­ ing many questions and in an­ file. As a result of his policies, lim , that opens the question of as. When asked whether Malcolm ment recently credited auto com­ swering them directly. wages and conditions of New York who organized the assassination. X had ever said who was interes­ panies with passing the 2.1 per­ Story Differed transit workers fell behind other There are other powerful groups ted in gunning him down, Whit­ cent excise tax cut on to the cus­ He identified Butler and Hay­ city employes and it was this in­ besides the Black Muslims who ney testified that Malcolm said tomers. er as being involved in the dis­ equity that helped trigger the re­ were very anxious to be rid of that the power structure and the The primary source of GM’s Malcolm X — including the U. S. Black Muslims were both inter­ turbance, but the rest of the story cent transit strike. profits, however, continues to be he told was different from that of Confronted with strong rank ruling class. ested in his death. the super-exploitation of auto the others: Butler and Hayer and file pressure, Q uill defied an Cary Thomas, the firs t witness, Hayer was the only one of the workers at the point of produc­ were in the third row from the anti-strike injunction and was who testified for three and one- defendants Whitney identified. He tion. Conditions in some GM front. Butler stood up and fired jailed along with eight other half days, was the only one to said, in fact, that he was the first plants are so rotten that several five shots at Malcolm X on the leaders. W hile in ja il he suffered identify all the defendants in the one to catch hold of Hayer as he UAW locals have voted to strike stage. Then he and Hayer turned a heart attack which led to his ballroom and to say he knew them was fleeing the ballroom. Whitney against repeated company viola­ all to be members of the Black was walking up the center aisle around and ran toward the rear death. tions of the union contract. One of the auditorium, firing behind During the strike Quill received Muslims. On Jan. 27 the transcript away from the stage when the example is Cleveland Local 45 them. a reported 1,000 personal threats, of the testimony he gave to the shooting started. He saw two fig­ which recently voted 605 to 102 to In DiPina’s version, they never many undoubtedly inspired by the grand jury on March 3, 1965 was ures running back toward him— go out on strike. The issue is rank ran forward to the stage as the vitriolic attack against him and read into the record. The account jumping over chairs and telling and file opposition to increased of the attack he gave the grand people to get out of the way. He other witnesses testified. the transit strikers in the boss- production standards — speedup Though there were many things controlled press. He remained de­ jury was quite different from the got a look at only one of them, — and the company’s refusal to DiPina said which showed his fia n t of the mass news media, one he gave at the tria l (see The and saw him fire twice with a resolve some 250 grievances. confusion in spite of very positive the courts, and the boss politicians, M ilita nt of Jan. 31). large gun that looked like a .45. * * * Casts Doubt Whitney moved toward the man assertions, one stood out: W illiam and identified himself with the Chance, Butler’s attorney, asked Every employe of the Gramercy The difference between his two but jumped out of his way when militancy of the transit workers him about the detective who drove Park Hotel in New York City par­ stories, as well as many other dis­ the man fired in his direction. who were solidly behind the DiPina to Bellevue hospital where ticipated in a demonstration that crepancies, throw doubts on the •The man passed within only two strike. This action, the most sig­ he first identified Hayer. Then he nificant in his later years as a was held in the hotel lobby dur­ truth of his testimony. He said, feet and Whitney pursued him out ing working hours. Chefs, maids, for example, that after the shoot­ the entrance and down the stairs. pointed to Charles Beavers, one union leader, made a big contri­ of Johnson’s attorneys, requested waiters, maintenance workers and ing started he got up from the He caught Hayer five or six feet bution to the strikers’ victory. him to stand up, and asked DiPina other members of the Hotel and booth he was sitting in some 45 outside the entrance of the build­ if that was the man who took him Motel Workers Union were pro­ feet from the stage and walked ing. Others also grabbed him. to the hospital. “ Yes, that’s the A rabid attack against the re­ testing management’s plans to forward to within 15 feet, or pos­ Assistant District Attorney Der­ man,” responded DiPina. cent New York transit strike ap­ eliminate the jobs of eight paint­ sibly 7 or 8 feet or even less, from mody produced an automatic pis­ The fifth eyewitness, who has peared in the San Francisco ers and w all washers. the stage where Butler and Hagan tol which Whitney said looked like not yet been cross-examined, is Chronicle w ritten by Jerome In the face of this rank and were standing pumping bullets the one he’d seen in Hayer’s hand. Jasper Davis, a 54-year-old su­ Zerbe, a fascist-minded New York file solidarity hotel bosses were into Malcolm X. He never drew Whitney testified that he didn’t perintendent of an apartment society w riter. “ Of course,” he forced to meet with the union and his gun, even though the assassins realize Hayer had been shot when building. He said he was not a raved, “if we had any guts we’d agree to w ithdraw their plans to had their backs toward him, be­ he caught him, and that he never member of any of the organiza­ go down and kill the entire group fire the eight workers. cause he was afraid he might hit saw anyone fire at Hayer. Hay­ other people running around. In­ er’s attorney has alleged repeated­ tions involved. He identified only * * * Butler, as one of the two involved Jerry W. Packard, an employe stead he got down on the floor ly that Reuben Francis shot Hay­ in one of the booths. er, and he suggested in a question in the diversion, but he did not of the Indiana Gear Works in see who fired any of the shots. Indianapolis was recently rein­ Thomas claimed to see Johnson that Whitney’s testimony was mo­ stated with full back pay after when he first entered the ball­ tivated by his desire to protect being fired Nov. 1964 on the charge room, and to recognize him as a Francis. BOSTON of posting an anti-company car­ Black Muslim. But he did nothing Whitney was incarcerated on Liberties Leader THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE toon in the plant. to prevent this presumed enemy March 10, 1965 and accused of C U B A N R E V O L U T IO N . Speaker: Felix from attacking Malcolm X. shooting a man on March 9. He McGowan, former priest who visited At the time Packard was ex­ pressing the resentment of other The scrutiny the audience was was held in $50,000 bail, then in Assails Frame-Up C u b a in 1963. Fri., Feb. 11, 8 p.m. 295 subjected to by Malcolm’s follow­ no bail, then in $10,000 bail, and Huntington Ave., Room 307 (One block plant workers who were angry from Mass. Ave.) Contrib. 50 cents. over a miserly two cent an hour ers was reflected in the testimony was fin a lly released Nov. 23. He Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. pay increase. The caption on the of George Whitney, the fourth was also accused of shooting a Of William Epton • cartoon read: “I’ll tell you where witness. A police report of their woman, on the same day as the NEW YORK — Dr. Clark Fore­ questioning of him on March 2, other shooting, it seems, but that man, director of the Emergency DETROIT you can stick your two cents an hour.” 1965, was read into the record. charge has been dismissed, he Civil Liberties Committee, in a THE DEBATE IN THE ANTIWAR Whitney told the police that when said. MOVEMENT: TWO VIEWS. Speakers. —Tom Leonard Jan. 27 public statement de­ Lew Jones, national committee member he noticed a member of the Mus­ Whitney was not due to appear nounced the sentencing that day of the Young Socialist Alliance: Prof. lims from Paterson, N. J. in the as a witness, and he never testi­ of William Epton on frame-up David Herreshoff, Detroit Citizens for Warehouse Clearance audience he went and spoke w ith fied before the grand jury. He ap­ charges of “conspiring to over­ Peace. Fri., Feb. 11 8 p.m., Debs Hell, him. The man said he was there peared in court as a spectator on throw” and "advocating the over­ 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday Night Extended Through because he was dissatisfied w ith Jan. 24 after Cary Thomas had throw” of the state government Socialist Forum. the Black Muslims. Two guards mentioned his name. Someone in­ • February of New York, and of “conspiring then went over to him. They had formed Peter Sabbatino, Hayer’s to riot.” Epton is a vice president N E W Y O R K him remove his Black Muslim pin lawyer, that Whitney was in the of the Progressive Labor Party. MALCOLM X MEMORIAL MEET- Complete Set and allowed him to return to his courtroom and Sabbatino asked Foreman said, “Conviction of a INGS. Part I: Malcolm X's Place in seat, Whitney said. The question to have him put on the witness Negro leader on the archaic charge History. Speaker: George Breitmen. of how Muslims in the audience Also, tape selections from Malcolm X's INTERNATIONAL stand. The prosecution called him of criminal anarchy, and con­ last speeches. Fri., Feb. 11, 8:30 p.m. SOCIALIST REVIEW were treated was not probed by as a witness a few days later. spiracy, is an outrageous answer Academy Hall, 853 Broadway (at 14th \ any of the attorneys, however. Two other eyewitnesses wh6 to W illiam Epton’s protest against St.). Whitney testified that he had testified proved themselves to be police brutality. For the first time Part II: Malcolm X and the White For Years 1950-63 been a member of Mosque No. 7 very unreliable observers in the in the North a Negro protest has Man's War. Speaker: Robert Vernon. for two and one-half years and course of cross-examination: led to conviction for subversion.” Fri., Feb. 18, 8:30 p.m. 873 Broadway $25 Unbound had known Butler fo r three years. Vernal Temple, 23 years old, Although Epton is appealing, he (at 18th St.). Both meetings under the He said he did not see Butler in had difficulty in hearing and un­ has been denied bail ever since auspices of Militant Labor Forum. O versea s 50c Extra the Audubon on Feb. 21 and that derstanding many of the questions. his Dec. 20 conviction and he is Payment Must Accompany Order he would have recognized him if He testified that he knew John­ still in jail. TWIN CITIES he had. son as “15X” and had seen him Farrell Dobbs, national secre­ THE FACE OF THE COLONIAL Whitney, who lives in the same sitting near the back of the Audu­ tary of the Socialist Workers REVOLUTION. Based oft Franz Fanon's International Socialist Review 873 Broadway apartment building as Cary Thom­ bon Ballroom on Feb. 21. The Party, has urged all partisans of books. Speaker: M ike Garza. Sat. Feb. as and had known him for 15 only other time he had seen 15X 11, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin Ave. Rm. New York, N.Y. 10003 civil liberties to rally to Epton’s 240. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. years, testified that he had joined was at a big Muslim rally he had defense. Monday, February 7, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Three

A CONTRADICTORY GATHERING The Tri-Continental Congress (World Outlook) — For the cap­ nothing of what happened to the First, the Soviet plan to estab­ italist press, the Tricontinental leaders of the Communist Party of lish the headquarters of the or­ Congress in Havana was above all Algeria. ganization issuing from the Tri- the arena of a Sino-Soviet contest Of course the Soviet bureaucracy continental Congress in Cairo fell for influence over the revolution­ has no interest in smothering or flat. The headquarters was estab­ ary movements of the “third destroying the colonial revolution; lished, for the time being, at world.” For the pro-Moscow press, to the contrary it seeks to tu rn it Havana. While throughout the on the other hand, it was a great into coin for its own use. The co­ congress it seemed that there was “demonstration of unity.” The lonial revolution must exist in a Soviet-Cuban bloc, on this ques­ pro-Chinese press did not con­ order for the Kremlin to use it to tion there was a congruence of the ceal its spite over the attack that its advantage in its “global” deals Chinese and Cuban positions. The Fidel Castro launched against the with Washington. But to this same Chinese were opposed to the trans­ trading policy of the People’s Re­ end, it is necessary that this colo­ fer of the Tricontinental head­ public of China towards Cuba on nial revolution be controlled (that quarters to Cairo, because they the very eve of the congress. How­ is, that it remain under the con­ feared that this transfer would ever, it characterized the congress trol of bourgeois or petit bourgeois imply the dissolution of the organ­ both as proof that the struggle of forces, themselves inclined to the ization of Afro-Asian solidarity, in the people against American im­ same deals); and it is also neces­ which their influence is still great. perialism is sharpening and as a sary that it be limited. The Cubans were opposed to a transfer to Cairo, because they manifestation of the “capitulation When this control and these want to utilize the Tricontinental of Castro to revisionism.” limits are broken, as was notably headquarters to coordinate the What was it in reality? the case in Cuba a fte r 1959, the armed struggle in Latin America. The difficulty in judging the ob­ Soviet bureaucracy is doubly jective meaning of the congress frightened. First of all, its funda­ Secondly, the adjournment resides in the fact that it con­ mental conservatism recoils in the speech of Fidel Castro was, at tained highly contradictory fea­ face of the risk of an “ uninterrupt­ least partially, marked by a tone tures. Only practice w ill permit us ed revolution” reverberating on a completely opposed to that of the to judge which of these features continental scale; secondly, Wash­ Krushchevite parties. His words w ill be only superficial and form­ ington loses interest considerably must have embarrassed the bu­ al, and which, on the contrary, in “global accords” from the mo­ reaucrats from East Europe, as w ill make their mark on the fu­ ment the Kremlin can no longer Niedergang underlined in the ture of the colonial revolution in guarantee the halting of a revolu­ Paris daily, he Monde. One can understand why from the follow­ practice. tionary struggle, wherever it might be in the world. ing passage from Fidel’s speech: The objective necessity of a “In many other nations of Amer­ congress of the type of the one Moscow-Peking ica there are ample conditions for LATIN AMERICAN FERMENT. Peasant organizer in Peru, a land held in Havana is obvious. Amer­ The Sino-Soviet conflict has ex­ armed revolutionary struggle. This that, like all Latin America, is wracked by social crisis which ican imperialism has intensified acerbated these contradictions struggle has been underway, for feeds revolutionary potential. its counterrevolutionary actions, which characterize the attitude of some time now, in Venezuela, in from Vietnam to the Congo and the Kremlin toward the colonial Peru, in Colombia, and in Gua­ from Havana and not from Mos­ Stalin erected with such care and from Santo Domingo to Indonesia, revolution; it has not funda­ temala. including in the circuit North Af­ cow. In the second case, as in the so many corpses against the mentally changed them. The Viet­ “ In Latin America there should past, the Fidelista current will Fourth International, then this rica and even Paris (two official nam war in particular has brought not be ju st one, or two, or three denials from the State Depart­ develop independently of the cannot fail to have a political im­ these contradictions out clearly. peoples struggling alone against Communist parties and more and port. ment have failed to halt persistent imperialism. The correlation of rumors that the CIA had a hand For the Soviet bureaucracy, the more fall out of step with them. What is it? Havana Congress was therefore forces of the imperialists on this But there are important ques­ in the kidnaping of Ben Barka). Is it an unprincipled political above all an occasion for an at­ continent, the proximity of its tions about the other part of In the face of this ever more in­ concession to the Kremlin made tempt to establish control over metropolitan territory, the zeal Fidel’s speech, his violent anti- solent aggression, the coordina­ in return for placing leadership forces which have largely escaped with which they will try to de­ Trotskyist attack. He made slan­ tion of the revolutionary move­ over the Latin American Commu­ it for six years. It attempts to do fend their dominions in this part derous accusations of the Stalinist ments of the colonial and semi­ nist movement in the hands of this under the pretext of “unity of the world, require a common type against the Fourth Interna­ colonial countries and, if possible, the Cubans? This is possible, but of action” and while increasing strategy on this continent, more tional, by means of quotes and of these movements with the rev­ than anywhere else: a common not certain. olutionary forces of the imperial­ (somewhat) its aid, otherwise the implications, the dishonest amal­ and simultaneous struggle. Is it an unprincipled way of ist countries and the workers’ operation is condemned to failure gam character of which he cannot “If the imperialists have to face delimiting the Castroist movement states, offers the only serious pos­ in advance. But it wants to estab­ fail to know. lish control nonetheless, and in a not just the Dominican people from Trotskyism? Both Moscow sibility to push back the aggressor Irresponsible Remarks fundamental way. alone, or the Guatemalan people and Peking periodically attack and to stop the series of defeats It is quite possible that irre­ A t the beginning of the congress, alone, or the Venezuelan people the world Trotskyist movement, which has marked the colonial sponsible remarks spread by ultra­ it could have appeared that the alone, or the Colombian people even accusing each other of play­ revolution for several years. left Posadista grouplets irritated Kremlin was winning the game. alone, or the Peruvian people ing into the hands of Trotskyism. the leader of the Cuban Revolu­ No Exclusion It soon became apparent that it alone; if they must also fight — at But it is perfectly evident that tion. It is equally possible that On condition, of course, that all had rigorously sifted and picked the same time as in each of these on many issues the Cubans come he saw in such remarks an iden­ the truly revolutionary forces, the delegations, going to the point countries — against other op­ close to Trotskyist positions. In tity with the deliberate attempts without exception, meet in such a of deliberately dividing revolu­ pressed peoples, such as those of dealings with both Moscow and of imperialism to discredit the congress. tionary movements engaged in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecu­ Peking, Havana may consider this Cuban Revolution and to isolate On condition, also, that they do armed struggle (as in Guate­ ador, Argentina and other peoples to be a source of political em­ it fro m the insurgent masses of barrassment. not seek to bind and domesticate mala), in the attempt to eliminate of Central America; if the struggle Latin America. But he is suffi­ this revolution, under the pretext those who were suspect of “Trot­ is carried out on a broad scale, if An additional consideration is ciently informed to know that of “assisting” it. There is no doubt skyism.” This sifting attained its each one of these peoples, if each that the prestige of the Trotskyists these grouplets do not represent that such was the fundamental goal. Aside from the Asian delega­ one of the revolutionaries of this is very high in many countries in the Fourth International and con­ aim of the Soviet bureaucracy in tions, largely dominated by the continent fulfills his duty — and Latin America, they are growing stitute only a minute part of the Havana Congress. Chinese, there were almost no the duty of every revolutionary, in size, and this offers an im­ those who call themselves Trot­ Consider the recent history of non-conformist forces in the con­ as stated in the Declaration of plicit challenge to monolithic con­ skyists today anywhere in the Indonesia, where Soviet diplomacy gress. In addition, the Khrushche- Havana, is to carry out the rev­ trol over the Latin-American rev­ w orld. addressed itself to the heads of vites did not even hesitate to sub­ olution, but to carry it out not olutionary movement, since the He is sufficiently informed to the army and of the most reac­ mit a resolution to the congress with words but with deeds . . . Trotskyists adhere to the prin­ know that Italian Trotskyism is tionary wing of the clerical Mos­ — whose purpose was to coordin­ then the hour of liberation of this ciples of democratic centralism not represented by the little ob­ lems, even above the head of Su­ ate the armed struggle — on “the continent will be nearer . . . and stress the building of revolu­ scure paper that he cites, but by karno, at a time when the mas­ place of the struggle of the peo­ tionary socialist parties controlled Not CP Talk Bandiera Rossa, thousands of sacre of the Communists was al­ ples of Africa, Asia and Latin by the rank and file. This alter­ “We believe that on this conti­ copies of which are widely cir­ ready in progress. There is also America in the work for peaceful native is likewise possible. nent, in all or almost all countries, culated and read among the cadres Still another possibility is that the example of Algeria, whose coexistence.” They managed to the struggle will assume more chief of state, “comrade” Boume- gather a large number of votes for of the workers’ movement, includ­ the revolutionary language at violent forms.” ing those of the Communist Party. the Tricontinental Congress dienne, was received fraternally this absurd resolution. This is not exactly the language in Moscow when he was sending However, at the end of the con­ He is sufficiently informed to was phrasemongering deliberately that the CP’s of Chile, Argentina, know that if a shady individual in Ben Bella, the “Hero of the Soviet gress, observers were struck by aimed at covering up a funda­ Brazil and even that of Colom­ Mexico claimed that Che Guevara Union,” to rot in prison, to say tw o facts. mental turn in a less revolution­ bia are speaking today. This is was assassinated in Cuba, the of­ ary direction so far as actual not the language that the major­ ficial Trotskyist press gave an practice is concerned. This pos­ ity of the CP’s of Latin America entirely different version of the sibility cannot be excluded a are speaking. departure of Che from Cuba, priori, but it must be recognized Ben Barka and the Havana Conference This part of Fidel’s speech was highly responsible, highly inspired that up to now there are no In seeking a motive for the kidnaping (and most likely reflected in numerous resolutions by the w ill to defend the Cuban tangible facts to indicate that this murder) of Mehdi Ben Barka in Paris Oct. 29, the bourgeois of the congress, including the one Revolution. He knows very well is the real alternative chosen by to convoke a congress of solidarity press has persistently advanced the hypothesis that the revolu­ that the Trotskyists have been in Castro. of Latin American peoples for the vanguard of the fight for the tionary leader was preparing to make his peace with Morocco’s To make a definitive judgment 1967. From this aspect of the defense of the Cuban Revolution on the true meaning of the Tri- tyrant King Hassan II and that ultraright political forces sought speech, one would conclude that in every country in the world and continental Congress. It is there­ to block this. The press is completely silent about a different there are only two possibilities: that they have often organized fore necessary to wait for further possible motive. either the CP’s will align them­ this defense in spite of the pas­ evidence. This w ill be provided Ben Barka was president of the International Preparatory selves for better or worse in ac­ sivity if not the sabotage of the by the real development of the Committee for the Tricontinental Conference recently held in cordance with the Fidelista line, official Communist parties. Latin American revolution and Havana. With Boumedienne’s seizure of power in Algeria or else the decisions of Havana And if in spite of all this he the role that Fidel Castro and w ill remain a dead letter for the through a coup d’etat last June, Ben Barka’s position as a lead­ permits himself to state that his friends aim at playing in it. CP’s. In the firs t case, Fidel “Trotskyism has become a com­ ing North African revolutionist assumed new importance. He However it turns out, the Tri- emerged the great victor of the monplace instrument of imperial­ continental Congress is certain would undoubtedly have played a big role at the Tricontinental Havana Congress, obtaining from ism and of reaction,” and this to mark an important turning Conference. To remove Ben Barka from the scene thus signi­ the Kremlin, in exchange for the after the revelations of the point in the history of the revolu­ fied a blow against the Havana meeting, a blow which a num­ diplomatic support he accorded it, Twenty-second Congress of the tionary movement in Latin Amer­ ber of reactionary forces, including the CIA, would most cer­ all Latin America as a zone in CPUSSR have not left intact a ica, a movement to which the fate tainly favor. which the struggle of the CP’s single stone of the miserable edi­ of the Cuban Revolution is more w ill be henceforward coordinated fice of lies and slanders that closely bound than ever. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, February 7, 1966

THE MILITANT Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY Malcolm X Speaks Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, by The M ilitant Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The M ilitant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. One of Malcolm X ’s roles was try practices that — power. This teacher of his people. On Dec. 20, Monday, February 7, 1966 country smashes anything that Vol. 30 - No. 6 •345 1964, shortly after his return from gets in its way. It crushes any­ Africa, he gave an educational thing that gets in its way. And talk about that continent at a since we’re Americans, they tell meeting of the Organization of us, well, we’ll do it the American Afro-American Unity in Harlem. way. We’ll smash anything that ...Renewal of Bombing Following are some of the points gets in our way. he touched on before discussing This is the type of philosophy (Continued from Page 1) pared for price and wage con­ Africa itself. that we want to express among argument in a single sentence in trols.” our people. We don’t need to give his nationally syndicated column The first steps towards this new Installment 15 them a program, not yet. First, “Today and Tomorrow,” Jan. 25: stage of escalation had already WHEN YOU WRITE THE give them something to think “The Mansfield report shows that been taken w ell before the re­ SCRIPT YOURSELF about. newed bombing of north Vietnam, Mr. Rusk’s objective — the rule of Several persons have asked me Almost every one of the African Gen. K y or his successor over the under the cover of the “peace of­ recently, since I ’ve been back, and Asian countries that has got­ whole of south Vietnam — is un­ fensive” itself. The largest ground “What is your program?” I pur­ ten independence has devised attainable no matter how much battle of the w ar has been going posely, to this day, have not in some kind of socialistic system, on for eight days in Binhdinh the war is escalated.” any way mentioned what our pro­ and this is no accident. This is Province, 300 miles northeast of The fact of the matter is that gram is, because there w ill come another reason w hy I say that you Saigon, and it gives one some idea even in the face of this authorita­ a time when we will unveil it so and I here in America — who of what American G I’s w ill face tive opinion, and in opposition to that everybody will understand are looking for a job, who are in the so-called search and destroy the overwhelming antiwar senti­ it. Policies change, and programs looking for better housing, look­ operations that confront them in ments of peoples the w orld over, change, according to time. But the future. ing for a better education — be­ the Johnson administration has objective never changes. fore you start trying to be in­ chosen the course of an all-out More than 6,000 members of the Excerpted from the book, Mal­ You might change your method corporated, or integrated, or dis­ war, a w ar which is going to cost First Cavalry Division — the same X Speaks, with the permis­ of achieving the objective, but the colm integrated, into this capitalistic tens of thousands of American troops which were used in the objective never changes. Our ob­ sion of Merit Publishers, 5 East system, should look over there lives and millions of lives of the Iadrang River Valley battle last jective is complete freedom, com­ Third St., New York, N. Y. 10003. and find out what are the people Vietnamese people. Johnson has year — are involved in this battle, Price $5.95. Copyright 1965 by who have gotten their freedom decided to ravage — that was the code-named “Operation Masher.” plete justice, complete equality, by any means necessary. That Merit Publishers. adopting to provide themselves word he used in his State of the One report from the battle lines with better housing and better Union message — Vietnam. described a company which was never changes. I don’t care what you belong to — you still want education and better food and bet­ trapped on an island by the NLF money, w ith prestige, w ith praise, It was therefore not surprising that, recognition and respect as a ter clothing. under heavy fire, and then was and make them jump, and tell to read that Senator George Aiken, human being. But you have one of the leaders of the senatorial shelled by Saigon troops coming them what to tell us. And they Vulture System up from the rear. This devastat­ changed your methods from time always tell us we’re the underdog, coalition which opposed bombing None of them are adopting the ing cross-fire, however accidental, to time on how you go about get­ and that we don’t have a chance, resumption, took the Senate floor ting it. The reason you change capitalistic system because they as the first speaker the day the lasted all afternoon. A platoon and that we should do it non- which had begun with 40 men had your method is that you have to violently and carefully; otherwise, realize they can’t. You can't op­ bombing resumed, and threw in erate a capitalistic system unless lost 23 dead by 3:00 p.m.; the total change your method according to we’ll get hurt or we’ll get wasted. the towel. The New York Times, you are vulturistic; you have to casualties were not listed. time and conditions that prevail. We don’t buy that. Feb. 1, reported his statement: And one of the conditions that have someone else’s blood to suck “ M r. Aiken said that ‘since we Saturation Bombing prevails on this earth right now, So you can see the importance to be a capitalist. You show me a now seem to have passed the point Meanwhile, the saturation that we know too little about, is of these meetings on Sunday capitalist, I’ll show you a blood­ of “no return,” we should take a bombing of the south Vietnamese our relationship with the freedom nights during the past two or three sucker. He cannot be anything good hard look at the situation’ countryside is continuing on an struggle of people all over the weeks, and for a couple more but a bloodsucker if he’s going to and the sacrifices that w ill be nec­ increasing scale. On Jan. 26, Times world. weeks. It is not so much to spell be a capitalist. He’s got to get it essary if the conflict ultimately out any program; you can’t give correspondent Neil Sheehan wrote Here in America, we have from somewhere other than him­ grows to ‘unprecedented and un­ a people a program until they from Saigon, “ American pilots always thought that we were self, and that’s where he gets it— limited proportions.’ There may be realize they need one, and until estimated they had destroyed 340 struggling by ourselves, and most from somewhere or someone other a chance that a ‘world nuclear structures, most of them peasants’ they realize that all existing pro­ than himself. So, when we look war’ and a ‘general land war in Afro-Americans will tell you just grams aren’t programs that are sapling-and-thatch huts, and had that — that we’re a minority. By at the African continent, when we Asia’ can be avoided, M r. Aiken damaged 250 others.” The follow­ going to produce productive re­ look at the trouble that’s going said, ‘but we cannot proceed on thinking we’re a minority, we sults. So what we would like to ing day, Charles Mohr reported struggle like a minority. We strug­ on between East and West, we the hope for miracles.’ 450 combat sorties destroying do on Sunday nights is to go into find that the nations in Africa gle like we’re an underdog. We our problem, and just analyze and “ The United States ‘must be 3,530 “structures” and damaging struggle like all of the odds are are developing socialistic systems prepared for the worst — and more than 500 others. analyze and analyze; and question to solve their problems. against us. This type of struggle things that you don’t understand, without delay,’ ” the Times reports James Reston reported in the takes place only because we don’t There’s one thing that M artin Aiken as continuing. “Senator article cited above that the new so we can at least try and get a yet know where we fit in the better picture of what faces us. Luther King mentioned at the Aiken said an expanded war stage of escalation would lead to scheme of things. We’ve been Armory the other night, which I would require ‘universal conscrip­ a doubling or trebling of the maneuvered out of a position thought was most significant. I tion,’ and he urged the President bombing raids in the coming year. W ill Create Program where we could rightly know and hope he really understood what to ask Congress for repeal of the The Selective Service headquar­ understand where we fit into the I, for one, believe that if you he was saying. He mentioned that tax-reduction act and to ask the ters in Washington announced Jan. scheme of things. give people a thorough under­ w hile he was in some of those adoption of whatever new taxes 28 that tests and class standing standing of what it is that con­ Scandinavian countries he saw no were necessary . . . Furthermore, would be restored as criteria for I t ’s impossible for you and me fronts them, and the basic causes poverty. There was no unemploy­ he said, the people must be pre- the draft deferment of college stu­ to know where we stand until we that produce it, they’ll create their ment, no poverty. Everyone was dents, making it evident that for look around on this entire earth. own program; and when the peo­ getting education, everyone had the first time since the Korean Not just look around in Harlem or New York, or Mississippi, or ple create a program, you get ac­ decent housing, decent whatever- War, substantial numbers of col­ tion. When these “ leaders” create N.Y. Meeting to Honor lege and post-graduate students America — we have got to look they-needed to exist. But why did all around this earth. We don’t programs, you get no action. he mention those countries on his would be drafted. The only time you see them Memory of Malcolm X In the light of the actual steps know where we stand until we list as different? know where America stands. You is when the people are exploding. to escalate the war which have al­ Then the leaders are shot into the Look Into It NEW YORK — The M ili­ ready been taken, and the un­ don’t know where you stand in tant Labor Forum w ill hold America until you know where situation and told to control This is the richest country on mistakable evidence that the things. You can’t show me a lead­ two meetings commemorat­ Johnson administration plans to America stands in the world. We earth and there’s poverty, there’s er that has set off an explosion. ing the first anniversary of speed ahead towards a massive don’t know where you and I stand bad housing, there’s slums, there’s in this context, known to us as No, they come and contain the inferior education. And this is the the assassination of Malcolm troop involvement in south Viet­ explosion. They say, “ Don’t get nam, it is clear that the forth­ America, until we know where richest country on earth. Now, X. rough, you know, do the smart coming debates in the U.S. Con­ America stands in the world con­ you know, if those countries that thing.” This is their role — they’re The first meeting w ill hear gress and the United Nations w ill text. are poor can come up w ith a there just to restrain you and me, George Breitman, author of have little bearing on the future solution to their problems so that Not Invincible to restrain the struggle, to keep it Malcolm X: The Man and course of the Vietnamese war. there’s no unemployment, then in­ in a certain groove, and not let it His Ideas. B reitm an w ill also Their purpose, however, is to When you and I are inside of stead of you running downtown get out of control. Whereas you play a taped compilation he maintain the facade of a peace- America and look at America, she picketing city hall, you should and I don’t want anybody to keep has prepared of “The Wit offensive, to give the Democratic looks big and bad and invincible. stop and find out what they do Oh, yes, and when we approach us from getting out of control. and Wisdom of Malcolm X.” administration a cover against over there to solve their prob­ her in that context, we approach We want to get out of control. We lems. This meeting w ill be held on criticism from the antiwar move­ ment; and for this purpose, it is her as beggars, w ith our hat in want to smash anything that gets This is why the man doesn’t F rid ay, Feb. 11, 8:30 p.m. It likely they will continue for the our hands. As Toms, actually, in our way that doesn’t belong want you and me to look beyond will not be held at the present. Senators Morse and only in the twentieth-century there. Harlem or beyond the shores of Forum hall but at Academy Gruening have introduced bills, sense, but still as Toms. While if Listen to the last part of what America. As long as you don’t H a ll, 853 Broadw ay at 14th respectively, to allow the Con­ we understand what’s going on on I said: I didn’t just say we want know what’s happening on the St. gress to repeal the 1964 “ carte this earth and what’s going on in to smash anything that gets in outside, you’l l be all messed up the world today, and fit America The second meeting on F ri­ blanche” backing Johnson’s war our way. I said we want to smash dealing with this man on the in­ into that context, we find out she’s anything that gets in our way day evening, Feb. 18, w ill plans, and to allow Congress to side. I mean what they use to prohibit the assignment of draf­ not so bad, after all; she’s not that doesn’t belong there. You solve the problem is not capital­ hear Robert Vernon, author tees to Vietnam unless they are very invincible. And when you see, I had to give you the whole ism. What they are using to solve o f The Black Ghetto. He w ill w illing to serve. find out she’s not invincible, you thing, because when you read it, their problem in Africa and Asia also play taped selections These bills w ill certainly give don’t approach her like you’re you’ll hear we’re going to smash is not capitalism. So what you and fro m M alcolm ’s speeches. congressmen a chance to make the dealing w ith someone who’s invin­ up everybody. No, I didn’t say I should do is find out what they This meeting w ill be held at record, and those who face con­ cible. that. I said we’l l smash up any­ are using to get rid of poverty the Militant Labor Forum stituencies in the year-end elec­ As a rule, up to now, the thing that gets in the way that and all the other characteristics H a ll, 873 Broadw ay at 18th tions who oppose the war, w ill be strategy of America has been to doesn’t belong there. I mean that. of a rundown society. tuck all of our leaders up into her St. able to recite their stands on the I f it doesn’t belong there, it ’s Next week: Story, parable and Morse and Gruening resolutions. dress, and besiege them w ith worthy to be smashed. This coun­ suggestion. Monday, February 7, 1966 THE MILITANT Page F ive Dissemination of H-Weapons Ben Barka Case Crisis Spain Gets Nuclear Gift For De Gaulle Regime One of the proclaimed aims of the Johnson administration, as of By George Saunders the preceding administrations since Continuing sensational revela­ the time of Harry Truman, is to tions in the Ben Barka case and block the further dissemination of the very suspicious death of a nuclear arms. The Pentagon has a key witness, Georges Figon, have surfeit of them. Enough, accord­ blown up a crisis of major pro­ ing to scientists who have gone portions for the de Gaulle govern­ into the problem, to wipe out mankind 50 to 75 times over. ment. The scandal promises to rank with the Dreyfus affair in The White House can’t do any­ its revelations of complicity in thing about the Soviet stockpile, high places. And it recalls the which was accumulated without Stavisky affair in the 1930’s — a permission from Washington. scandal involving government cor­ Great Britain has a few of the ruption that shook France and devices and de Gaulle is busily became one of the preludes to a accumulating his own force de big leftward shift in the political frappe. But no more powers ought arena. to have them, Johnson maintains (except Canada which has been The extent of the pressure on given a supply and West Germany de Gaulle can be seen in his is­ which has been made into a nu­ suing of international warrants clear warehouse). Johnson is par­ for the arrest of Moroccan In­ ticularly irked about China fol­ terior Minister Gen. Mohammed lowing the Soviet example and O ufkir and two of O ufkir’s aides. going into nuclear production France has recalled its ambassa­ without permission from the Pen­ dor and threatens to apply eco­ tagon. He would like a rollback nomic and financial sanctions if there; and so Washington has Morocco does not submit these stepped up the propaganda about officials to judgment by the De Gaulle no more dissemination. French criminal courts. De Gaulle has gone to great On Jan. 17, however, Spain un­ furor in the press. For two months habitants of the three towns of this version, are now lying in wa­ lengths in a transparent attempt expectedly received a supply of after the kidnapping, Figon Garrucha, Vera and Cuevas del ter 900 to 1,200 feet deep. “ Some to shift the onus of this major nuclear weapons — four accord­ Almanzora were being submitted maritime experts are of the opin­ roamed Paris freely although a ing to the first rumors. A B-52 scandal onto Morocco and get the to medical examination. Already, ion that only a bathyscaphe will heat off his own government. Un­ warrant was out for his arrest In of the Strategic Air Command they reported, two civil guards be able to reach this depth, but connection with the investigation collided with a KC-135 aerial doubtedly, the sinister Oufkir, had been found showing traces this solution appears at the mo­ who is said to work closely with of Ben Barka’s disappearance. Re­ tanker while taking on fuel over of radioactivity. ment to s till face some technical porters interviewed Figon and Almeria, the two planes crashing the CIA, played a key role in The editor of the Paris daily difficulties.” took photographs of him; the po­ near Cuevas del Almanzora, a the kidnapping and apparent mur­ he Monde (Jan. 23-24) observed: As for the radioactive contam­ der of the Moroccan socialist lice, strangely, couldn’t find him. town of 10,000 inhabitants. ination in the area of the three A t least that is what they claimed. The B-52 was part of the big “ Despite the assurances given leader. But the evidence indicates last Thursday by the American Spanish towns, the unnamed au­ that very high officials in the Then when they finally did lo­ fleet, armed with H-bombs, kept thorities said nothing. L e Monde cate the fugitive, they were again constantly in the air by the Pen­ army air staff in Spain, accord­ French government played an ing to which there is no risk of reports that only attachments be­ equally important part. disappointed. Figon shot himself tagon to guard the “free world” longing to the two 25 megaton just as they entered his apartment. from the “threat of Communism,” contamination whatsoever, it can be assumed that the protective bombs were found in the 1,000- Agencies Linked A t least that is what they re­ a threat that is particularly grave man search that went on for ten ported. in such bastions of freedom as shield of one of the bombs cracked Recent testimony has linked a days. These, he Monde deduces, To make the case all the more the one ruled by the fascist dic­ open when it came down, per­ number of French agencies or of­ could have belonged to the “ atom­ mysterious, the fingerprints on the tator Franco. mitting some material to escape.” ficials to the crime: ic detonators.” death weapon were ruled “ not More than 1,000 American m ili­ In brief, the shell of one of A Major Le Roy was fired tary personnel and Spanish sol­ the nuclear eggs couldn’t take the The detonator of an H-bomb, usable” for identification. No one it should be noted, is not a mere from his post as a secret service doubts the fact, however, that Fi­ diers immediately went into ac­ impact, and the area was doused officer in the Department of Alien tion in accordance w ith Johnson’s w ith the radioactive charge. mechanical device like the trigger gon was killed by a gun held at of a Colt six-shooter. I t is an Documentation and Counterespi­ close range. principle of doing everything pos­ Still another version was pro­ onage for not reporting to his su­ sible to block further dissemina­ vided by unnamed “official Span­ atom bomb of the size used over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The periors on the kidnapping. Le Roy tion of nuclear arms. They ish spokesmen.” According to the then testified that the head of combed the countryside while January 27 he Monde, they re­ dissemination of the materials in the two 25 megaton H-bomb det­ another department knew even navy vessels swept the nearby vealed that only two 25 megaton more about the kidnapping than Mass Starvation Mediterranean. nuclear bombs were on board the onators would thus explain the measures taken in the affected he did. He referred to the General Spokesmen of the Pentagon had B-52. “When the collision occurred Information Bureau (BGI), which only “no comment” to inquiries with the tanker plane, the B-52 area to seal o ff radioactive con­ tamination. is directly responsible to de Gaul­ Spreads in India about whether four bombs had pilot ejected the two bombs be­ le’s interior minister, Roger Frey. actually been disseminated in the fore parachuting down himself. In Cuevas del Almanzora, as A government spokesman in crash. They admitted only that The bombs presumably came the mass medical examination A subordinate of Le Roy’s in New Delhi revealed Jan. 21 that the B-52 had been carrying “ nu­ down slowly on their parachutes proceeded, some fifty persons, the Department of Alien Docu­ 12,000,000 persons in India are mentation and Counterespionage, clear armament.” They added re­ and sank into the sea near two braving the frowns of the Caudi- living “ in great distress” because assuringly that a “radiological Spanish fishing boats, who rescued llo and his ally Johnson, marched Antoine Lopez, was one of the of hunger. The government study” had shown there was “no the pilot and two other members in a picket line, shouting, “Down kidnappers. He testified that Jac­ spokesman added that they are danger whatsoever to the public of the crew.” with the Americans and their ques Foccart, one of de Gaulle’s “threatened” with famine. In In­ health and safety.” The two H-bombs, according to bombs!” closest aides, was kept informed dia, it appears, “ famine” has only This was good to hear in view of the plans for the kidnapping. an absolute meaning — at least of the fact that B-52’s are said Foccart is de Gaulle’s presiden­ as viewed through the eyes of a tial staff secretary; he also ad­ to be able to carry nine tons of government bureaucrat. thermonuclear bombs, two of the vises de Gaulle on — African af­ Those who are experiencing Reporter Says Some U.S. Pilots fairs! devices reaching 25 megatons “ great distress” because of the capacity each. (One megaton Balk at Committing Slaughter The weekly news magazine lightness of their diet are to be equals 1,000,000 tons of dynamite. l’Express printed an “eyewitness assembled in “ rescue camps” and By way of comparison, the bomb The following excerpt from the book, Americans Facing the account” of the crime by Georges given emergency rations. that Truman ordered dropped on Vietcong, by Swiss journalist Fernand Gigon, was printed in the Figon. Figon was in position to Besides the 12,000,000 in “ great give an authentic account as he Hiroshima was equivalent to 20,- Jan. 10 I. F. Stone’s Weekly. distress,” another 100,000,000 are 000 tons of dynamite.) was one of the kidnappers. l’Ex­ suffering from “undernourish­ Rumor had it that three bombs press printed a second statement ment,” according to the same of­ were recovered from the Medi­ by Figon in its January 24 issue. In the army itself, officer pilots begin to desert their mission ficial source. The spokesman terranean by frogmen. What about This statement was said to have failed to indicate how the line be­ the fourth bomb? There was some for moral reasons. They thought they were to make war, that is to been made by Figon three hours tween “great distress” and “under­ mystery to this. Military person­ drown troops with napalm and fire, risking flak in accordance before his death from a bullet nourishment” is determined. In nel were deployed over the coun­ with a conventional scheme of attack and counter-strike into wound said by the police to have any case, there appear to be no been self-inflicted. tryside w ith geiger counters. Pea­ which no moral considerations entered. But they found themselves plans to assemble the 100,000,000 sants were warned not to eat any being used to burn villages, to set rice harvests afire, to destroy Deputy Accused persons into “ rescue camps” where of their ripening vegetables or forests and to reduce to ashes everything living, human or animal, emergency rations can be handed other crops, particularly not to Figon charged that a Gaullist out. drink m ilk from their cows. in ever greater areas. There is something vile in the gratuitousness deputy, Pierre Lemarchand, was It is reported that the U.S. gov­ The Spanish authorities an­ of attacks by the Strategic A ir Command which orders up to 310 involved in the crime. Le­ ernment has agreed to release nounced Jan. 21 that all the in- raids in a single day or sends 50 B-52s at a time against defense­ marchand and Jean Caille, head less objectives. This clay pigeon shoot, inhuman, demented, some of its mountainous reserves of the political department of the of surplus food for use in India. would perhaps have some justification if it hastened the end of Paris police, heard a report by The shipments, however, may w ell the conflict. But we’re nowhere near in sight. Every now and Figon immediately after the kid­ turn out to be too little and too then a conscience awakens. “It is no longer war,” officers with napping, according to the kidnap­ late. The Origins per. qualms of conscience say, “ it is genocide.” Mounting moral After all, Johnson’s main con­ confusion and religious conviction often lead them to the threshold Figon intimated that Lemar­ cern at the moment is not the Of Materialism of revolt; they ask to be relieved . . . chand and Caille m ight have plight of India’s teeming millions, The General Staff makes these conscientious objectors sign been inspirers of the crime. Both who are all safely enclosed in By George Novack men had served earlier in a Gaul­ the “free world.” He is “agoniz­ a new declaration in which the pilots promise on their return list underground organization, the to the United States to reveal neither the reasons for their ing” over how to get $12,300,- 300 pp. $6.95 “Barbouzes.” Lemarchand is a desertion nor the scenes to which they have been witness. Without 000,000 from Congress to step up close friend of de Gaulle’s interior the mass slaughter of Asians in MERIT PUBLISHERS publicity, the officer is for the time being reduced in rank and minister, Roger Frey, who at one and around Vietnam who have 5 East Third Street his military privileges are taken from him. He returns to his time headed the “ Barbouzes.” somehow got the strange idea that New York, N. Y. 10003 country more solitary than if in a desert. Some find themselves Figon’s untimely death is being maybe communism is preferable in psychiatric clinics. investigated. It is the center of to capitalism. Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, February 7, 1966 A TRULY HEROIC FIGURE Mother Jones: Battler for Labor

By Hedda Garza years that she devoted to the more engrossed in the labor strug­ cause of the working people. When she was alive they had gle and I decided to take an ac­ Born in Cork, Ireland in 1830, to tell the public about her. How tive part in the efforts of the could they ignore her when Presi­ her father was a railroad con­ working people to better the con­ struction laborer who came to dents, mayors, and governors ditions under which they lived America for work. He migrated were forced to give her an au­ and worked . . .” for several years to Canada, and dience; when miners, railway Mother Jones began organizing it was there that his daughter workers, steel workers, and tro l­ in the coal fields of Pennsylvania, Mary Harris was educated. She ley drivers organized, kept their and no one could convince a tells us that she taught a bit, be­ strikes going, faced thugs and meeting of striking miners to stick came a seamstress, married an scabs and even machine-gunners it out the way she could. Letters iron worker named Jones, and because she was there to face it and phone calls began to pour in bore him four children. Then the with them; when the workers all from all over the country: “ Oh, yellow fever epidemic hit Mem­ over the country called for Mo­ Mother, come over quick and help phis in 1867, and M ary Jones ther Jones whenever the fighting us, the boys are that despondent. watched her husband and her got too rough — called for that They are going back Monday . . .” children die. She nursed her sick little old lady in her sixties, then They evicted any miner who so neighbors and turned to sewing seventies, eighties and nineties. much as gave her a cup of coffee; for her living, but her shop was MOTHER JONES heading procession of strikers in Denver. Yes, the newspapers and maga­ they arrested her from one end destroyed in the great Chicago zines had to talk about her. of the country to the other; threw fire four years later. her into rat-infested holes to dis­ union, winning a victory “through again a UMW organizer in West But now they have their re­ One book that gives her men­ courage her organizing for once the back door.” Virginia, and they sentenced her venge. Mother Jones is almost tion, The Dictionary of American she got out to the men in the “ The operators could have been to twenty years in a military forgotten. They have expurgated Biography, tells us that “ in the fields, her words changed the pic­ made to deal with the unions if court set up by state m ilitia. But her name from their reference confusion that followed [the fire] ture and the strike was on again! Mr. M itchell had stood firm ,” said the furor was so great that they books and twisted labor histories she began attending meetings of Mother Jones. She knew that a had to let her go. She appeared and replaced it instead with the the newly organized Knights- of Miners’ Wives direct union victory would have like magic in the midst of the names of the “labor leaders” she Labor . . .” Her own words prove meant much more than any Ludlow massacre and wherever fought. In West Virginia, Arizona, Den­ how deeply class conscious she ver, the companies sent preachers handed-down concessions. else workingmen were winning or Who was Mother Jones, and had long been: to threaten hellfire and brimstone Mother Jones’ big fig ht w ith losing. what did she do? In her own [After the fire] “ . . . we stayed if the workers joined the union, M itchell caused her to leave the They tried to turn middle-class Autobiography of Mother Jones, all night and the next day with­ and the workers fled the church ranks of the United Mine Work­ women against her by stressing this phenomenal saint of Ameri­ out food on the lake front . . . to go to the fields where Mother ers for several years. Northern her strong language and by say­ can labor begins her story in the Nearby in an old, tumbled down, Jones told them that they were and Southern miners were to­ ing she was against suffrage, but 1870’s, when she was 37, and de­ fire scorched building the Knights fighting for a “little bit of Hea­ gether in a strike. John Mitchell she made her real feelings clear votes only a page or two to her of Labor held their meetings. I ven” here on earth. The com­ again succumbed to flattery and one time when she addressed some personal life before that period. used to spend my evenings at pany goons shot the miners’ tents pressure and was about to settle women who were strong for the Mother Jones must have recog­ their meetings . . . Those were fu ll of holes, killin g their wives for the North, leaving the Southern vote: she told them they should nized that her true life was lived the days of sacrifice for the cause and children, and Mother Jones miners, by far the worst off of the stand “ for free speech in the in those years after 1870, the of labor . . . I became more and had them arm themselves to de­ two, desperately isolated. streets.” fend their families. “ How can we,” the women Mother Jones was working as asked, “ when we haven’t a vote?” When the mine owners brought an itinerant peddler, secretly or­ “I have never had a vote,” in scabs, Mother Jones was there ganizing, when the call came. Mother Jones replied, “ and I have with armies of miners’ wives. “ Oh, for God’s sake, Mother, raised hell all over this country!” Questions and Answers “ Stay home and mind the babies,” come to us — come to us.” The she told the men, knowing that caller told her a Louisville con­ Splendid Landmark if the men did that day’s work vention was assembling to call Mother Jones went on to tell they would be killed. So instead off the Northern strike. the women that she “did not be­ About Socialism she took her armies of housekeep­ “That’s treachery,” said Mother lieve in women’s rights or men’s ers into the fields w ith mops, Jones, and she left at once. rights but in human rights . . . brooms, and pails of sudsy water. When she arrived, a hack from Politics is only the servant of in ­ [In this column we will try to answer questions about socialism When the scabs and the mules the labor board told her “You dustry. The plutocrats have or­ and capitalism. If you have a question you would like to see taken came around, the women drove must not block the settlement of ganized their women. They keep up in this column, please send it in. Comments and criticism are wel­ them off with terrifying scream­ the Northern miners because John them busy w ith suffrage, and come.] ing and brandishing of their clean­ M itchell wants it, and he pays prohibition and charity.” ing tools. you.” In May 1930, on her 100th b irth ­ sure that there will not be priv­ Do socialists consider eco­ Child labor always roused Mo­ “ Are you through?” came the day, Mother Jones made a m ilitant ileges for some and inequities for nomic democracy more impor­ ther Jones to great heights of answer. “Then I am going to tell speech for the new “talking- tant than political democracy? others. fury. In the spring of 1903 she you that if God Almighty wants picture cameras.” Congratulations In sum, to have genuine eco­ took a group of mill children this strike called off for his bene­ poured in from all over the coun­ nomic democracy there must also Marxists consider economic and through the East Coast states, fit and not for the miners, I am try, including from John Rocke­ be political democracy, that is, political democracy an indivisible holding mass meetings in all the going to raise my voice against it. feller Jr., whom Mother Jones unit. You can’t really have one workers’ control of production and major cities. The children were As to President John paying me had once met and of whom she without the other. distribution. Such control can be tiny and malnourished, with — he never payed me a penny had said: “He could not possibly exercised only through active con­ Some opponents of socialism missing limbs torn by the ma­ in his life. It is the hard earned understand the aspirations of the trol of the state apparatus by try to twist the Marxist ma­ chinery and sunken chests and nickels and dimes of the miners working class. He was as alien means of such political organs as terialist outlook into a simple con­ eyes. She took them everywhere, that pay me, and it is their in­ as is one species from another; workers’ councils, political parties, cern with economic well-being expounding the fight against child terests that I am going to serve.” as alien as is stone from wheat.” unions, etc. without concern for political free­ labor. “Plead Guilty” Six months later, on Nov. 30, dom. They assert that Marxists Under capitalist democracy, an 1930, Mother Jones died. She was even more far-reaching change is Name the bloodiest spots in la­ But the Northern strike was feel that it is not too important bor history and likely she was buried in the United Mine Work­ if masses of people suffer a curb required. To give genuine sub­ voted off, and they turned on Mo­ ers’ cemetery in Mount Olive, I l l . stance to the very lim ited and there: Haymarket, Cripple Creek, ther Jones and charged her w ith on their liberties provided there and when she was almost ninety, They have tried to obliterate is an improvement in their stand­ largely fraudulent political democ­ working for the Western Federa­ her name, but the historical rec­ racy, it is necessary to establish the big steel strikes of 1919. tion of Miners. “I plead guilty,” ard of living. Rockefeller had her put in his ord remains for the future. Leon economic democracy. she answered, “ I know no East or Trotsky, in his Diary, devoted In making this false argument, Arizona prisons, and she told her West, North or South when it they get an assist from Stalinist- Social Revolution young guards “The great Stan­ two days’ entries to discussing comes to my class fighting the bat­ her and her book. He says he type “theoreticians” who do use Apart from the limitations on dard Oil is certainly afraid of an tle for justice. If it is my fortune a variation of this theme to justify political democracy in all capitalist old woman.” And no wonder! She read it w ith “ delight,” that “ Jones to live to see the industrial chain is a heroic American proletarian the absence of workers’ democracy countries, the hard fact is that stood up to machine-gunners, ta lk­ broken from every working man’s in the USSR, China and other non- people who work for a living have ing them out of shooting or . . . always sets herself the most child in America, and if then there moderate aims: more pay and less capitalist countries. no economic democracy in the threatening them out of it: “Up is one black child in Africa in Such people falsely assert that sense of having a decisive voice there in the mountains I have 500 hours . . . and tries to achieve bondage, there I shall go.” them by bold and revolutionary ■while it may be true that the in their place or condition of em­ miners. They are marching armed In 1904-1905, at the age of 75, workers in the “socialist” coun­ ployment or in control and dis­ to the meeting I am going to ad­ means . . . Jones represents a Mother Jones went to work in the splendid landmark in the history tries do not enjoy some of the tribution of the wealth they pro­ dress. If you start shooting, they cotton mills of the South, in North of her class.” liberties permitted under capi­ duce. (In relation to employment, w ill finish the game.” It was a Carolina, Georgia, and Selma, talist democracy — free elections, the only qualifying factor is the lie. She had only a handful of Alabama. Again she saw child m ulti-party system, etc. — they degree to which unions are able unarmed miners, but the trick labor at first hand, the “docile still have more freedom than the to impose some curbs on the con­ worked and the meeting was held. child labor” that management workers in the capitalist countries trol of the capitalists.) Documents Fought Fakers loved to use because “ it doesn’t because they enjoy “ economic So, in summary, to make de­ strike.” And in 1906 she could democracy.” mocracy meaningful and durable It was not only the bosses and be found addressing meetings to of the This is false reasoning. It is in the capitalist countries a social their henchmen that Mother raise funds for the defense of true that the people of the Soviet revolution is necessary — that is, Jones took on. Many a time when Moyer, Haywood, and Pettibone; Negro Struggle Union, China, etc., have enjoyed a transformation in the ownership, she came to organize a group of in 1910, helping to free some control and method of using the miners, they told her that the Mexican revolutionists against an improvement in their standard Texts of discussions on ques­ of living as a result of the aboli­ basic means of production. president of the union, John M it­ Diaz who were jailed in the States. tion of capitalism. This is proof Meanwhile, in the countries chell, and the labor board “told Mother Jones was a witness on tion with Loon Trotsky and of the superiority of socialism over where capitalism has been abol­ us to educate and agitate but the Mexican question before Con­ o f analytical resolutions ished the great task is to eliminate not to organize . . . that was to gress. Her speeches on these oc­ capitalism, but it isn’t economic adopted by conventions of democracy. bureaucratic control of the econ­ come later.” But there was no casions were the model of inter­ Economic democracy means omy and state and to establish the “later” for the aging woman. She national solidarity — she never Socialist Workers Party. the absence of bureaucratic power structured workers’ control which would swear them into the union faltered or watered down her line and bureaucratic privilege. It will ensure that the great eco­ then and there, often incurring for the “ big boys” of the system. 65 cents means that the products of society nomic advantages of socialist pro­ the wrath of the union heads. In her eighties and nineties they — be they available in a greater duction can provide the basis for Another time she fought the were still railroading her out of Merit Publishers an undreamed-of flourishing of or lesser degree — are produced union leadership when, under the town, and the train conductors 5 E. 3rd St. op the basis of democratic plan­ freedom: economic, political and flattery of President Theodore were still risking their jobs to ning and are distributed under — above all — individual. Roosevelt, M itchell allowed an ar­ smuggle her back in; she was ar­ New York, New York 10003 democratic control which w ill en- —Harry Ring bitration board to speak for the rested in 1911, when she was Monday, February 7, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters From O ur R eaders

[This column is an open forum file pressure is debatable. But should be limited to the top salary Communist Party managed to Railway* Line, when it was the for all viewpoints on subjects of what is the real story about Mike of the highest paid worker in the build a good cadre in TWU but hotbed of the Coughlinites and general interest to our readers. Quill and what is the real history industry. Proper expenses can be it never became a larger one. No Christian Front and the most d if­ Please keep your letters brief. of the Transport Workers Union? paid. Only when a union official union official or union member ficult company for the union to Where necessary they w ill be The Worker seems reluctant to lives like a worker will he con­ was known as an “open” Com­ organize. Guinan became a paid abridged. Writers’ initials w ill be tell us about the entire union tinue to think and act like one. munist. Communist union officials TWU official in 1943, not 1937 used, names being withheld unless career of Quill. 2) To prevent “ pie-cardism,” prevented the sale of the Daily when the CIO was launched. It authorization is given for use.] There are still some of us left the Wobblies advocated rotating Worker outside TWU meetings. is significant that Q uill chose who were early members of TWU the leadership. This is not always The successful lessons in the TWU Guinan as his successor instead of and it is our duty to let the good as you do need some ex­ of organizing some Catholic work­ some of the other TWU officials Transport Union History younger generation know what perienced leadership. A union of­ ers in the CP did not become the who were once radicals. Bronx, N. Y. really happened so that they can ficial should be lim ited to two common property of the party Guinan is faced with the threat of the fast growing “Air Trans­ There is no doubt that Mike be guided accordingly. terms of office like the President leadership and membership gen­ erally. port” division of the union w hich Quill’s fatal heart attack was af­ The Transport Workers Union, of the United States. This w ill 6) A leading TWU Communist almost equals the membership of fected by his militant leadership CIO, was not “founded” by Mike keep the union led by collective and example during the recent Quill, neither was he one of the leadership and not a cult of per­ should have been detached and the subway and bus drivers transit strike. Whether that trade six legendary original members sonality. assigned to inner party w ork in (Guinan’s base), and wants more representation in the top leader­ union militancy was a return on as the press claims. The TWU was 3) Some union officials have other fields. ship and its own union newspaper. his part to his early left-w ing days organized as an independent un­ access to large sums of money 7) Because the CP cadre was or was a result of TWU rank and ion by six or more members of from the union to make neces­ so small, it was “afraid” of the Negroes now make up about the Harlem branch of the Com­ sary “ deals” for the good of the membership. The Transport Work­ one-third of TWU’s New York munist Party about 1934. Its first union sometimes. Many become ers Union elects its international membership but they are not rep­ £lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIllilllllllllllllllllllllll|IIIHIIIIIIIIIIIl IIllIi concentration was the 145th Street “wheeler dealers” primarily and officers by the delegate system, resented anywhere near that per­ IR T repair shop in Harlem. A t lose their radical idealism and not by the direct voting system centage at any level of the leader­ 10 Years Ago that time, Quill worked as. a perspective. where the rank and file votes ship. “ticket agent” or railroad clerk 4) Even the best of Marxists itself for the high official jobs. It When I look back at the real has been that way since the be­ history of Mike Quill and the In The Militant while the first members of the can become corrupted by too I n 1111111 n i u 11111111 n i ■ 1111 n i u 111 n i m 1111 u 111111111 n 11111111 union from the industry came much power. It was a mistake ginning. Q uill used that gimmick TWU, I think of what might have from the IRT shop in Harlem. for the Communist Party to dis­ to eliminate his old associates in been. But I am comforted by the WESTINGHOUSE STRIKE solve its trade union branches 1948. thought that the rank and file is NEEDS ALL-OUT HELP — The Mike Quill was certainly not the first president of TWU. A and transfer the rank and file What happens to the TWU now? on the march forward. Westinghouse strike has entered party members to neighborhood Mike Quill saw to it that his X.C.P. its sixteenth week w ith no sign man named Tom Shea was the first president of TWU. Shea later branches. This took the heat off choice of successor would take P.S. I am sorry I can’t sign of a break on either side. This the officials who soon acted in­ over if anything happened to him giant corporation has set its course testified about the origin of the my name. union before the House Un-Amer­ dependently of the party and the by having the union Constitution toward a humiliating defeat for rank and file. changed so the secretary-treasurer [Because we feel the informa­ the electrical workers unions. Big ican Activities Committee. As the union began to grow slowly, Mike 5) One of the major weaknesses would become president. The new tion and views contained in this Business generally views this as of the American Marxist move­ president will be Matt Guinan letter are of special interest we an extremely important probing Q uill joined it and because of his outstanding ability and working ment since its inception, is its who would be the first to deny have made an exception to the operation against the newly- failure to build itself among the he was a “ founder” of TWU. He rules of brevity regulating this merged labor movement. Stand­ class m ilitancy at that time, he key Catholic working class. The came from the old Third Avenue column.—E d it o r .] ing as the first line of defense are soon replaced Shea as president. In 1937 the TWU got a charter 55,000 Westinghouse workers who have withstood everything this from the CIO and overnight be­ corporation has thrown at them came a mass union, under the and have became all the more leadership of Quill and some It Was Reported in the Press militant and determined. others who were Communists. Writing about Quill, Jan. 30, the The principle issue of the strike New York Journal American Southern View — The Associ­ I don’t know where you’ll find the of U. S. Senator and Governor is the demand of the company to states: “ A t one time he was called ated Press recently reported that other one.” respectively. Price opined that have unreserved right to speed­ a Soviet youth publication had anyone with $500,000 or more on ‘Red Mike’ because of his close Dissents on Alcoholic Training up and rationalize its production association w ith the Communists printed Lenin’s letter to Stalin hand could purchase the gover­ without regard to its effect upon of March 25, 1923 demanding that — We recently reported the view nor’s chair. Therefore, he declared, but he ultimately forced Com­ of a Harvard psychiatrist that the workers involved . . . munists from his union. He never he apologize for an act of rude­ “Delores and I have decided that To other mass production in­ ness to Lenin’s wife, Natasha children should be taught to we w ill not accept anything less was a Communist himself.” d rink in school so that they could dustries busily introducing auto­ I leave it to anybody who was Krupskaya. The AP dispatch was than a $10 bill as a campaign mation or on the verge of doing published by the Greenville, S.C., better hold their liquor as adults. contribution. We are too busy to active in Marxist politics in New In fairness we should also report so this issue is of paramount in­ York . City in the 30’s to answer News under this headline: “Claim be picking up nickels and dimes.” terest and concern. That is why the contrary thinking of an Ohio correctly whether Quill was ever Stalin, Lenin Fussed Over Wo­ Cultivated Too — In case you’ve Westinghouse is getting wide co­ man.” medical official who says chil­ actually a member of the Com­ dren should be lectured on the been wondering whatever hap­ operation and aid in its war munist Party. against the AFL-CIO International Science vs. Theology — The con­ evils of the demon rum from an pened to Douglas Dillon, you’ll Quill broke with many of his troversial “God is dead” theory early age because, he says, most be glad to know that the form er Union of Electrical Workers and early associates in 1948 and ex­ currently being advanced by some alcoholics begin drinking when Secretary of the Treasury is now the independent United Electrical pelled many of them from the theologians was blasted by the they’re young. a director of the Chase Manhattan Workers.—Feb. 6, 1956. union on the grounds they were College of Bishops of the South­ Bank, an outfit that deals in the Communists. What happened to eastern Jurisdiction of the Metho­ Ignores Guideline — Pennsyl­ kind of money he’s accustomed to...... Quill himself after that? At his dist Church. They declared that vania’s Governor Scranton ap­ (Assets, $15.3 billion.) He also death, he was making $27,000 the theory was not only unsound parently hasn’t heard of President heads up the investment banking w ith expenses, lived in a high 20 Years Ago from a religious viewpoint, but Johnson’s 3.2 percent wage guide­ house founded by his dad. Under ...... l rent apartment in an area where also “ pure fantasy, unsupported line. He just signed a bill to give Eisenhower, Dillon was ambassa­ no TWU member could afford to by any scientific knowledge.” a $5,000-a-year wage hike to the dor to France and while there ap­ WHY GIs IN CHINA REFUSE live and owned a summer place TO BACK CHIANG’S REGIME state’s 243 judges. The increases parently soaked up some local in the Caribbean. The TWU be­ range near the 20 percent bracket. — GIs in the Far East are de­ Note to Parents — I f you’ve culture. The New York Times re­ came his personal property. He ports that his several residences manding immediate return home. been irritated by the hard sell No Chicken Feed — According was deified in its newspaper. He include a chateau in France and One of the reasons they give is the TV hucksters direct at junior, to the Montgomery, Ala., Adver­ never led a subway strike until that he’s a connoisseur of wine. opposition to being used as tools be advised that you probably tiser, a “ Shorty” and Delores Rice this year when the unity of the haven’t seen anything yet. The in bolstering up the dictatorial re­ strikers gained them twice the are planning to run for the offices —Harry Ring gime of Chiang Kai-shek in China. Madison Avenue giant, Batten, increases they had received pre­ Barton, Durstine & Osborne, has These GIs speak from first-hand viously. experience. What they have ob­ formed a new unit devoted to On the same day that the New marketing to children. B.B.D.&O. served about Chiang’s rule can be York Times printed Quill’s obit­ judged from the following report President Dillon said: “We believe uary, Jan. 29, it also printed a that the children’s market, en­ I FOR l by Edward Rorbaught of the statement of Joseph O’Grady, re­ United Press: compassing some 40 m illion young­ tiring Chairman of the Transit sters from four to 12 years of “While a representative of Authority. He stated: “ However, Chiang Kai-shek conferred with age, has been considerably neg­ in the ten years that I have been lected from a marketing point of NEW READERS Communist (Stalinist) delegates with the Authority, Mike (Quill) in Chungking, his planes strafed view.” l l and the union he heads, have farmers, boatmen and townspeople been very realistic and coopera­ Kentucky Feud Settled — A I If you are a new reader and would like to get better in and near this city w ell above tive in solving many of our prob­ Miss Oopie Renau of Celina, acquainted, you may obtain a special four-month intro­ l the Yangtze in New Fourth Army lems and effectuating an econom­ Tenn., has agreed to let the sheriff territory. I saw a P-47 bearing a ical and efficient operation.” keep the local jail until he gets | ductory subscription by sending this blank and $1 to | Kuomintang star blast a cottage O’Grady might have added that a new one built. She bought it at by the grand canal, half a mile the “economical” and “efficient public action fo r $35. She intends ahead of me on the outskirts of operation” that Q uill cooperated to salvage the brick and use the the city. in came out of the sweat and cell bars for fence gates. She had “The people had seen American hard labor of the subway work­ threatened to tear the lock off fighter planes before; they had t h e M ILITANT ! ers of the TWU. the ja il and release its four seen these planes in the air fight­ Without going into the back­ prisoners if it weren’t turned over 873 Broadway ing Japs. But never had American ground of the factional fight that to her w ithin 60 days as stipu­ New York, N. Y. 10003 guns been directed against them, split the left wing in the TWU in lated when she bought it. But and they stood in the canal road, 1948, one can still make certain the sheriff persuaded her to give motionless, unconscious of the fact observations from experiences him an extension. The sheriff I that those guns carried death for that took place. said of the 96-year-old jail, “If Name ...... them. Their brown faces were 1) The salary of a union official it’s not the worst jail in America, steeped in bewilderment and in­ credulity, and their helplessness | Street...... Zip...... j against American-made power in the air was the helplessness of Thought for the Week Ethiopians against Mussolini’s “When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemploy­ l City ...... State ...... l feats.”—Feb. 9, 1946. ment results.” — Calvin Coolidge Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, February 7, 1966 Socialist Party Divides on Vietnam Joseph Johnson on Tour Negotiations vs. Withdrawal Issue To Fight Deportation By Harry Ring of terrorism. We do not want to go out of our way to add strength By Paul Eidsvik The Vietnam war and the dis­ to a Chinese imperial communism cussion within the antiwar move­ (or to a Russian) in Southeast MINNEAPOLIS — The Com­ ment has led to a division with­ Asia and that would be the ef­ mittee to Oppose the Deportation in the Socialist Party. Along with fect of simple withdrawal.” of Joseph Johnson has announced SANE and the Communist Party, The withdrawal motion is based plans to expand nationally and to the Socialist Party stands in the on two considerations: 1) The send Johnson on a national tour right wing of the antiwar move­ negotiations position does not to explain his case. Johnson, a ment, refusing to support the de­ square with the principle of self- native-born American and a so­ mand to bring the U. S. troops determination for all nations. 2) cialist, has been ordered deport­ home at once. The SP leadership Prosecution of wars such as the ed by the Im migration Service. insists on counterposing a call for one the U. S. is waging in Viet­ The tour, which will start in negotiations to the demand for nam is not the way to defeat Denver, Colo., on Feb. 6, w ill immediate U. S. withdrawal. This Communism. cover most of the major cities in position has now provoked an op­ The resolution proposes: “ The the United States. Johnson w ill position within the party. Socialist Party unequivocally travel from Denver to the West The issue w ill be resolved by condemns the present policy of Coast and from there w ill swing a membership referendum, ac­ the U. S. government in Vietnam through the South, the East Coast, cording to a report in the Dec. 18 . . . we favor an orderly and un­ and back through the Midwest. issue of the party paper, New conditional withdrawal of Ameri­ America. Two motions are being can men and materials of war Cities Slated presented to the membership — from the Vietnam area, beginning one fo r negotiations, the other for immediately.” The itinerary so far includes immediate withdrawal. The ne­ Norman Thomas The resolution adds: “ Our pol­ Denver, Seattle, San Francisco, gotiations motion is being pre­ icy has served to resolidify the Los Angeles, San Diego, Tucson, sented by Norman Thomas and Albuquerque, Austin, Houston, president and the U. S. govern­ support of both the Soviet Union has already been adopted as of­ New Orleans, Tallahassee, Atlanta, ment to propose an immediate and Communist China for North ficial policy by the party’s na­ Vietnam and has played directly Washington, Philadelphia, New cease-fire and a prompt begin­ York, Newark, Boston, Syracuse, tional committee. into the hands of extreme ele­ ning of negotiations convened by Joseph Johnson The motion favoring immediate ments of the Communist side.” Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chi­ withdrawal is described as the the Geneva nations of 1954 or by cago, St. Louis, and Des Moines. the United Nations, in which all U. S. policy, it says, “ can in­ “Oppenheimer resolution” as “up­ Johnson, the Twin Cities organ­ parties concerned, including the crease popular support for the appeal the deportation order into dated and rewritten by NC mem­ izer of the Socialist Workers Par­ National Liberation Front, the po­ Vietcong and the National Libera­ the federal courts, and if neces­ bers Saul Mendelson and Debbie ty, has been declared “ stateless” litical arm of the Vietcong, take tion Front. It can increase North sary to the U.S. Supreme Court. Meier.” and ordered deported by the U.S. part.” Vietnam and the NLF’s depend­ The defense holds that Johnson The party position, as presented ence upon Communist China. It Immigration & Naturalization In an accompanying statement is being persecuted for his social­ in the Thomas motion, makes can generally solidify the Com­ Service for having allegedly par­ to the motion, Thomas explains ist political beliefs, and further, clear that while the party leaders munist bloc.” ticipated in Canadian elections as why he is against U. S. w ith­ that this attempt to deport a na­ would like to see an end to the Finally it asserts: “ Communism a young man. He is one of the first drawal from Vietnam. “A simple tive born American and make him war,, they don’t want to see it end cannot be contained by military “ stateless” persons in American a “ stateless” person is unconstitu­ withdrawal of American forces,” in a way that would be a defeat might and by U. S. support for history and one of the few native tional. he declares, “ would almost cer­ for the Johnson administration self-styled ‘anti-Communist’ des­ Americans ever threatened with ’ tainly mean a Communist military which Thomas and most of the SP pots around the world, or by the deportation. Labor Attorney victory . . .” leaders support as part of their U. S. in effect substituting itself The case against him began in Johnson is being defended by “coalition” policy of working in “ We have to recognize the ex­ for any viable domestic south May, 1964. There have been four Douglas Hall, a well known Min­ the Democratic Party. istence of the Vietcong and the Vietnamese alternative to the to- hearings by the Immigration neapolis labor attorney, and by The resolution states: “ The So­ reason for its existence,” he adds, talitarians.” Service. The last hearing resulted Leonard Boudin, the eminent cialist Party calls for an end to “ but we are not Communists and Discussion in the pages of New in the Jan. 11 deportation order. constitutional authority provided the war in Vietnam. We urge the we are aware of Vietcong’s type America indicates some degree of This decision was immediately ap­ for the case by the Emergency support for the withdrawal posi­ pealed and the Board of Immigra­ Civil Liberties Committee. tion on the basis of respecting tion Appeals in Washington, D.C. The Committee to Oppose the the principle of self-determina­ will hear the appeal probably Deportation of Joseph Johnson Striking St. John's Teachers tion, although there is no public sometime in the late spring. urgently needs funds. If you indication that anyone in the Many Issues would like to help arrange meet­ Stick Tough, Rally Support party supports the struggle of the ings for Johnson on his tour in south Vietnamese masses for free­ Since there are many moral and your city, or would like to join the By Stephen Hillary dom as expressed in the National constitutional issues involved in committee, write the committee Liberation Front guerrilla move­ the case, the defense intends, if at P.O. Box 8731, North Star NEW YORK, Feb. 1 — The said, “ It ’s part of our fight be­ ment. this decision is unfavorable, to Build., Minneapolis, Minn. 55402. strike at St. John’s University cause we are in the labor move­ is now in its second month w ith ment and when it comes to a un­ no sign of settlement in sight. ion, there’s no difference between The administration has not only cabdrivers and teachers.” refused to discuss reinstatement of Dr. Israel Kugler, president of Morse Rips 'Outlaw' War the 31 fired faculty but has taken the United Federation of College the additional step of threatening Teachers, when asked about the During a nationwide CBS tele­ gave lip service to it. He pointed can boys to their death.” The ad­ the jobs of those teachers who prospects for winning the strike, vision debate w ith four colleagues, to the secret Mansfield report ministration refuses to make this have supported the strike by their said, “ We plan to win, but if we Democratic Senator Wayne Morse which concluded that if the Unit­ request, Morse explained, because refusal to return to class until don’t, the university w ill go down of Oregon made a blistering at­ ed States did not settle the affair it knows that the U.S. couldn’t their colleagues are reinstated. the drain.” He also discussed four tack Jan. 30 on administration by negotiation, the alternative enforce a declaration of war. Its On Jan. 28, the picket lines were resolutions passed at a Delegate foreign policy that is bound to prospect was “ a continuation of own allies, for example, would swelled by more than 200 students Assembly of the UFT on Jan. 26 reverberate through the country the conflict in the direction of a not discontinue shipments to north who responded to the call of the at the Statler Hilton hotel. They at this critical turn in the Vietnam general war on the Asian main­ Vietnam. Furthermore, if bombs National Student Association, include: war. Morse declared that the land.” were dropped on Hanoi and (NSA) protesting the lack of •$25,000 in interest-free loans American people were being The President ought to request Haiphong, Russians m ight be academic freedom at St. Johns. In to fired teachers repayable Oct. denied the facts about the war as Congress for a declaration of war, killed and Russian ships sunk addition to supporting the faculty 1966. the German people were denied Morse said, “ if he wants to take which would bring the USSR di­ demands for academic freedom, • Systematic weekly collection the facts under H itler. He said hundreds of thousands of Ameri- rectly into the conflict. an NSA resolution noted the re­ that the U.S. is “ the major aggres­ aiming at $10,000 per week for the Checked Soviet Reaction strictions imposed by the Univer­ teachers. sor” and an “ international outlaw” sity on the political activities of without “a scintilla of interna­ Morse reported that he was •UFT members w ill not cooper­ students. The university maintains tional right” in conducting its among a group of congressmen ate with any student-teacher from strict control over student clubs as “unilateral war.” who visited the Russian ambas­ the St. John’s student-teacher well as all speakers invited to the He challenged Johnson to make sador. Morse asked what the reac­ program. campus. public a series of documents on tion of the Soviet Union would The striking teachers have re­ •No UFT member w ill take any the Southeast Asian situation be if the United States should ceived considerable support from course at St. Johns. locked in the safe of the .Senate bomb the nuclear installations of trade unionists in the New York In addition Kugler told this re­ Foreign Relations Committee. the Chinese. The Russian ambas­ area. More than 20 members of porter: “ The union has urged the “Let the administration tell us sador responded, said Morse, by the recently formed taxi-drivers fired teachers to take part-time what they’ve been doing in Thai­ asking him if he could give the union (AFL-CIO) were on the jobs only and it would provide land,” he went on. Thailand is the date when this would occur. The line as well as workers from local $75 per week in strike benefits site of bases from which air implication, from the context in 1199 of the Hospital Workers Un­ plus $15 for each dependent.” strikes on north Vietnam have which Morse put it, was that if ion, the Transport Workers Union, Some of the fired faculty are been launched. the United States attacks China, still receiving their salary for the the Soviet Union would have no the International Brotherhood of Briefed in Hong Kong Electrical Workers, and the United duration of their contracts al­ choice but to back its Chinese Federation of Teachers (UFT). though they are not permitted to Morse disclosed that the sen­ ally to the hilt. This would signify Douglas MacMahon, Interna­ teach. Two such people, preferring atorial delegation he headed was the beginning of World War III. tional Vice President of the TWU, to remain unknown, said that they briefed in Hong Kong and told Morse agreed w ith his fellow marched with members of his were giving all their salary, as that further escalation would senators that the U.S. can’t get union and told this reporter that well as any money they earned on leave China no alternative but to out of Vietnam. He wants to halt his local had contributed $500 to part-time jobs, to the strike fund come into the conflict. He in ti­ the projected escalation and bring the strikers and would give more and would only take the $75.00 mated that this would be wel­ other nations in by referring the if needed. Rudy Abt, president of per week in strike benefits. One of comed by some “ preventive war­ issue to the UN Security Council TWU Local 101 also marched and these people commented, “ As long riors” in the Pentagon. for “arbitration.” He would pre­ indicated that his local had also as I'm in this thing I don’t see He stated that no major coun­ fer to have Asia policed by an in­ contributed to the strike fund. why I should receive more than try in Asia supported the U.S. war ternational force rather than by Taxicab driver William Craig anyone else.” and that other nations merely Lies like Hitler? the United States alone.