DOCSLIB.ORG

Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece CLASSICAL PRESENCES General Editors Lorna Hardwick James I. Porter CLASSICAL PRESENCES The texts, ideas, images, and material culture of ancient Greece and Rome have always been crucial to attempts to appropriate the past in order to authenticate the present. They underlie the mapping of change and the assertion and challenging of values and identities, old and new. Classical Presences brings the latest scholarship to bear on the contexts, theory, and practice of such use, and abuse, of the classical past. The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece YANNIS HAMILAKIS 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Yannis Hamilakis 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hamilakis, Yannis, 1966– The nation and its ruins : antiquity, archaeology, and national imagination in Greece / Yannis Hamilakis. (Classical presences) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN–13: 978–0–19–923038–9 1. National characteristics, Greek. 2. Greece–Antiquities. 3. Archaeology–Greece–History–19th century. 4. Archaeology–Greece–History–20th century. I. Title. DF741.H33 2007 938–dc22 2007013670 Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn, Norfolk ISBN 978–0–19–923038–9 13579108642 To my parents Óı ªò ı This page intentionally left blank Preface This book investigates the links and associations of classical antiquity in general, classical antiquities in particular, archaeology, and national imagination. It is a book that answers a series of interrelated questions, such as: Why does national imagination need material traces from the past? How do these traces operate in the everlasting process of imagining the nation? How do antiquities contribute to the dreaming of the national topos and the production of its materiality? How does archaeology as the oYcial device of western modernity produce the materiality of the nation? How do diVerent social actors (from the nation-state, to intellectuals, to various diverse social groups, including the ‘others’ of the nation) deploy antiquity in general and material antiquities in particular, in constructing their own versions of national imagination and in pursuing various agen- das at the same time? What can we learn from this exploration, not only about archaeology and antiquity but also about the nation and its work, especially in contexts that have received less attention? This book is thus about the production of the topological dream of the nation through the deployment of antiquities. To put it in another way, it is about the materialization and objectiWcation of the national imagination and memory. My locus in exploring these questions will be Greece. The very mention of the word ‘Greece’ evokes for most people, especially in the western word, classical antiquity, temples and marbles, ancient battles, and the origins of democracy. Yet my focus here is not classical antiquity itself, nor Hellenism as understood by most western scholars (the idealization of classical antiquity in western Europe from the eighteenth century onwards; cf. Morris 1994), but a diVerent set of Hellenisms: the neo-Hellenism of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, imported into Greece, and mostly what I called Indigenous Hellenism—the appropriation of western Hellenism by local societies in Greece in the mid to late nineteenth century and its recasting as a novel, syncretic, and quasi-religious form of imagining time and place, past and present, of producing viii Preface and reproducing national identities (see Sigalas 2001 for the mean- ings and uses of the term Hellenism in Greece; cf. also Koumbourlis 1998). This is a book that invites classicists, archaeologists, histor- ians, and anthropologists to consider a particular recasting of Hellenism, a reconWguration which, apart from its importance in its own right, can contribute to the understanding of the broader phenomenon of Hellenism as one of the most pervasive western intellectual and social phenomena. Anthropologists have for some time now drawn attention to the value of exploring in depth the ways in which people in Greece dealt with the weight of classical tradition; they have also pointed to the paradox of the centrality of the classical past in the western imagination on the one hand, and the relative marginality of the modern nation-state of Greece in the modern geopolitical nexus on the other (e.g. Herzfeld 1987). This discourse has produced many valuable insights, but the lack of detailed atten- tion to both the social (and sensory/sensuous) role of the material traces of classical antiquity as well as to the disciplinary processes that produced its materiality had to be addressed (cf. Porter 2003). This is one of the aims of this book. It will be shown in this study that material antiquities have, since the late eighteenth century, played a fundamental role in the lives of people in Greece, perhaps more so than in many other modern nation-states. In addressing in detail a series of case-studies, in bringing up and attending to endless episodes involving archaeologists, state oYcials, politicians, intellectuals, people from various groups and in a diversity of contexts, this book oVers the opportunity to study the materiality, time, and processes of national imagining in detail; to observe the mutual constitution of objects and people (cf. Miller 2005 for recent discus- sions); and to reXect on modernity and its imaginary and material production, especially in the European periphery. As such, it contributes to the writing of alternative histories of modernity and its devices, histories that fully account for the diversity, multiplicity, and complexity of its forms. I will need to say a word or two on my own intellectual and personal archaeology; this will help explain my choice of the topic, justify the theoretical approach taken, and illuminate the methods used. It is my contention that any study of this kind, any attempt to understand the nation and its fragments (literally and Preface ix metaphorically), avoiding at the same time political pitfalls, is possible only from a position of reXexivity. I came to this topic almost by accident. I was trained as an archaeologist, Wrst at the University of Crete and then at the Univer- sity of SheYeld, England. Since 1996, I have taught archaeology and anthropology at universities in Britain, and have researched, in addition to this topic, aspects of prehistoric Aegean societies focusing on food consumption and the consuming body, memory and its political economy, and the bodily senses. It was mostly my under- graduate years that shaped my interest in archaeology and the nation. The curriculum at the time was designed (or shaped by default) within the German tradition of classical archaeology, a traditional art-history-oriented discourse, (one that has now been heavily critiqued within classics, e.g. Morris 1994), and one that was directly linked to the processes of European identity as well as to processes of Greek national imagination (cf. Hamilakis 2000c). My dissatisfaction with this paradigm stemmed partly from my own early politicization (which distrusted both the elitist connotations of this paradigm, and its national ideological correlates), and partly from an understanding that it cannot satisfactorily explain the material and social world of the past. An early, and largely naı¨ve, interest in trying to expose the nationalist ‘uses’ of the past in Greece, led to haphazard research on the topic, more like a part-time hobby at the margins of the serious scholarship I was conducting. It was the spatial and social distance from Greece itself from 1988 onwards and the exposure to the then active and Werce debates on the nature of archaeological work, and the meanings of the past, that helped me articulate my arguments and situate them in relation to the social context of archaeology in Greece. Without meaning to suggest that the critique of the nation is not possible from ‘inside’, that distance was essential in escaping the naturalization of the national imagination, but also in placing the Greek context in comparative perspective, and in relation to other national projects. The Wrst paper on the topic (co-authored with Eleana Yalouri) in 1993 at a session on theory in Greek archaeology, held as part of the Theoretical Archaeology Group meeting at Durham, England (Hamilakis and Yalouri 1996), was a key moment in forming an early framework. Since then, the project took on a life of its own, x Preface and resulted in many more papers and presentations, and more, and more extensive (and intensive), work, along with my other work on Greek prehistory and archaeological theory.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hamilakis Nation and Its Ruins.Pdf
    CLASSICAL PRESENCES General Editors Lorna Hardwick James I. Porter CLASSICAL PRESENCES The texts, ideas, images, and material culture of ancient Greece and Rome have always been crucial to attempts to appropriate the past in order to authenticate the present. They underlie the mapping of change and the assertion and challenging of values and identities, old and new. Classical Presences brings the latest scholarship to bear on the contexts, theory, and practice of such use, and abuse, of the classical past. The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece YANNIS HAMILAKIS 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ß Yannis Hamilakis 2007 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949)
    JPR Men of the Gun and Men of the State: Military Entrepreneurship in the Shadow of the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) Spyros Tsoutsoumpis Abstract: The article explores the intersection between paramilitarism, organized crime, and nation-building during the Greek Civil War. Nation-building has been described in terms of a centralized state extending its writ through a process of modernisation of institutions and monopolisation of violence. Accordingly, the presence and contribution of private actors has been a sign of and a contributive factor to state-weakness. This article demonstrates a more nuanced image wherein nation-building was characterised by pervasive accommodations between, and interlacing of, state and non-state violence. This approach problematises divisions between legal (state-sanctioned) and illegal (private) violence in the making of the modern nation state and sheds new light into the complex way in which the ‘men of the gun’ interacted with the ‘men of the state’ in this process, and how these alliances impacted the nation-building process at the local and national levels. Keywords: Greece, Civil War, Paramilitaries, Organized Crime, Nation-Building Introduction n March 1945, Theodoros Sarantis, the head of the army’s intelligence bureau (A2) in north-western Greece had a clandestine meeting with Zois Padazis, a brigand-chief who operated in this area. Sarantis asked Padazis’s help in ‘cleansing’ the border area from I‘unwanted’ elements: leftists, trade-unionists, and local Muslims. In exchange he promised to provide him with political cover for his illegal activities.1 This relationship that extended well into the 1950s was often contentious.
    [Show full text]
  • Athens News Agency 5.05.14
    Monday, 5 May 2014 Issue No: 4648 PM Samaras: Greece is breaking its chains with the past Prime Minister Antonis Samaras has said in an article published in Sunday’s edition “To Vima” newspaper that a new Greece is emerging by breaking its "shell" and its chains with the past. The premier refers to inherent problems of the past which kept Greece back to “old-fashioned mentalities and distortions, which maintained a false growth on borrowed money,” adding that a “shell” had been obstructing the country to move forward. ”This shell is now breaking. And the country and people’s great abilities are being released,” the premier stresses, launching an attack on those forces which, as he puts it, are still fiercely resisting because they do not want Greece to move ahead to the future. Samaras said that the main opposition SYRIZA party wanted Greece to return to the crisis that is now being left behind, and to see the country in an instable condition, internationally isolated and divided. The premier charged SYRIZA of making efforts to exert ideological terrorism and divide the society, as “they are trying to ethically castigate as ‘extreme right’ or ‘neo-liberal’ all views which are opposed to theirs.” NERIT broadcaster starting programme as of 18:00 on Sunday The New Greek Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT) broadcaster started its programme as of 18:00 on Sunday with a new news bulletin, a Greek and a foreign film and a sports programme. According to NERIT's president, about 11 months after the closure of the ERT broadcaster and the transitional Public Television channel the countdown will begin shortly before 18:00 with a "modest ceremony".
    [Show full text]
  • N I~ ~L 'Ш Я .N OI ~V Wl Lo ~N I
    .NI~~l'ШЯ .NOI~VWllO~NI .Edltorlal This issue of СА/В focuses on the fascist connection, in par­ in Latin America or the U.S. The Kameradenwerk-the Nazi ticular the U.S. role in helping hundreds, perhaps thousands, old Ьоу network-remained active over the years, vigorous of prominent Nazis avoid retribution ·at the end of World War enough to have planned and carried out · the 1980 coup in 11. The CIA (originally the OSS) and the U.S. military, along Bolivia, for example, and to have held high places in with the Vatican, were instrumental in exfiltrating war crimi­ Pinochet's govemment in Chile. And they are major figures in nals not just to Latin America, but to the United States as well. the intemational arms and drug trades as well-traffic which As the Reagan administration attempts to rewrite history, it the U.S. tries to Ыаmе on the socialist countries. is worthwhile to examine carefully the wartime and postwar Hundreds of Nazis have been set up in scientific institutions machinations of the extreme Right. The President goes to Bit­ in this country. Ironically, it now appears that Star W ars is burg claiming it is time to forgive and forget, when in reality merely an extension of the Nazis' wartime rocket research. he is merely cutting а crude political deal with the reactionary Much of the U.S. space program was designed Ьу them. When West German govemment for its approval of Star Wars Ьу giv­ the Justice Department's Office of Special Investigations leam­ ing his absolution to the SS.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanellopoulos Bio ENG 2020
    Panagiotis A. Kanellopoulos Curriculum Vitae November 2020 Contents 1. Personal details 2. Studies 3. Work experience 4. Further academic engagement (2012-2020) 4.1 Editorial Board Member in International Research Journals 4.2 Reviewer in International Research Journals 4.3 Invited reviewer and critical reader of books 4.4 Reviewer and Member International conferences research committees (selection) 4.5 Invited Speaker (selection) 4.6 Member of the organising committee of international conferences (selection) 4.7 Member of Research and Education Committees 5. Research 5.1 Areas of expertise 5.2 Research projects 5.2.1 Fieldwork 5.2.2 Theoretical research 5.2.3 Further collaborative research projects 6. Writing 6.1 PhD Thesis 6.2 MA dissertation 6.3 Referred journal articles 6.4 Non peer reviewed article 6.5 Edited volumes 6.6 Book chapters 6.7 Published conference papers in referred conference proceedings 6.8 Papers presented in research conferences 6.9 Papers presented in non-referred conferences 7. Citations 8. Reaching outwards - teaching and research activity in the wider community (selection) 9. Musical engagement (selection) 9.1 Recordings 9.2 Music performance Y2 ——————————————————————————————————————————— 1. PERSONAL DETAILS ——————————————————————————————————————————— Panagiotis A. Kanellopoulos Associate Professor, Music Education School of Humanities and the Social Sciences Department of Early Childhood Education University of Thessaly Volos, 38221 Greece Date of birth: 22 - 9 - 1969. Contact Details Phone no: 0030 24210 06362, 0030 Mobile: 0030 6944 607729 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] ——————————————————————————————————————————— 2. STUDIES ——————————————————————————————————————————— University of Reading 1995-2000 Ph.D in Music Education. School of Education, Thesis title: “Children’s Department of Arts and understandings of their Humanities in Education musical improvisations” University of Reading 1993-1994 Master of Arts in Music Faculty of Education and Education.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture
    ANTONIJE SHKOKLJEV SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN PREHISTORY CENTRAL BALKANS CRADLE OF AEGEAN CULTURE Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69
    [Show full text]
  • Greece and NATO Master's Thesis Presented
    The “Menace from the North” and the Suppression of the Left: Greece and NATO Master’s Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University Ioannis Pavlou, B.A. Graduate Program in Slavic and East European Studies The Ohio State University 2015 Thesis Committee: Georgios Anagnostou, advisor Anthony Kaldellis Copyright by Ioannis Nikos Pavlou 2015 Abstract In the aftermath of the Greek Civil War, the right-wing elements of Greece’s government felt that they needed to join NATO to protect Greek interests from the perceived threat posed by Communism and their Balkan neighbors. Throughout this period of time, the Greek state implemented several drastic and often undemocratic motions that led to measures against minority groups, suppressing left-wing politicians, and applying old nationalistic rhetoric such as the “Menace from the North” to the situation with the Communist regimes in their neighboring countries. During this time, Greek interests often were pushed aside in order to appease the United States and other members of NATO while at other points, Greece nearly went to war with their NATO ally Turkey over the future of Cyprus. Meanwhile, Greece’s new-found alliance with NATO led to an improvement of their military capabilities to the point where the highly nationalistic, anti-Communist army would seize control of the government in 1967 and form a Military Junta. During the seven years of military control, NATO continued to work with the Military Junta which in turn would have drastic consequences when Greece nearly went to war with Turkey over Cyprus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Other "Parthenon": Antiquity and National Memory at Makronisos
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236763472 The Other "Parthenon": Antiquity and National Memory at Makronisos Article in Journal of Modern Greek Studies · October 2002 DOI: 10.1353/mgs.2002.0025 CITATIONS READS 25 133 1 author: Yannis Hamilakis Brown University 117 PUBLICATIONS 1,893 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Yannis Hamilakis on 06 September 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. “The other Parthenon” 307 “The other Parthenon”: Antiquity and National Memory at Makronisos Yannis Hamilakis Abstract Makronisos, the small, uninhabited island off the Attica coast, was the location of the most notorious concentration camp set up by the Greek government during the Civil War (1946–1949). It was a place of brutality, torture, and death, but its distinctive feature was its role as an indoctrination center for many thousands of political dissidents (mostly left-wing soldiers and citizens, but also ethnic and religious minorities) who, after they were “re- educated” in the national dogmas, were sent to fight against their ex-comrades. Classical antiquity was one of the main ideological foundations of this “experiment,” the audience for which was the whole of Greece and the international community. In the island, still known as “The New Parthenon,” the “redeemed” inmates were encouraged to build replicas of classical monu- ments, and the regime’s discourse emphasized the perceived incompatibility of the inmates’ “destiny” (as descendants of ancient Greeks) with left-wing ideologies. Paradoxically, many of the counter-discourses of the Makronisos inmates and their supporters also subscribed to the essentialist discourse of continuity and ancestral glory.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Reorganization-Formation of New Minor Parties- Economic Policies-Foreign Relations Cabinet Reshuffle (Jan
    Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 30, April, 1984 Greece, Page 32791 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Government reorganization-Formation of new minor parties- Economic policies-Foreign relations Cabinet reshuffle (Jan. 16–17, 1984). Further cabinet change (March 26). Formation of right-wing EPEN party (Jan. 29). Formation of left-wing ESPE party (Feb. 22). Parliamentary approval of draft five-year plan (Nov. 21, 1983). Presentation and approval of 1984 budget (Nov. 30–Dec. 23). Congress of General Confederation of Greek Workers (Dec. 9–11). Proposed prices and incomes policy (Dec. 20). Private sector wage agreement (Feb. 12, 1984). Killing of US naval officer (Nov. 15, 1983). Controversy over US policy towards Greece and Turkey (February 1984). Alleged Turkish firing on Greek ship (March 8). Joint alumina plant agreement with Soviet Union (March). The government of Dr Andreas Papandreou, formed after the 1981 elections [see 31261 A] and extensively reshuffled in July 1982 [see 32585A] with further minor changes in 1983 [ibid.], underwent several modifications in January 1984. Mr Gregoris Varfis, a member of the Cabinet as Deputy Foreign Minister with responsibility for European Affairs (and described in The Times of Jan. 17 as ‘a rare pro-EEC voice in the Socialist government’), resigned for health reasons on Jan. 16. His replacement was announced on the following day as part of a reshuffle affecting several portfolios as follows: Prof. Apostolos Lazaris Minister
    [Show full text]
  • 93323765-Mack-Ridge-Language-And
    Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 This page intentionally left blank Language and National Identity in Greece 1766–1976 PETER MACKRIDGE 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Peter Mackridge 2009 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mackridge, Peter.
    [Show full text]
  • Technocratic Governments: Power, Expertise and Crisis Politics in European Democracies
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Technocratic Governments: Power, Expertise and Crisis Politics in European Democracies Giulia Pastorella A thesis submitted to the European Institute of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London, February 2016 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 86852 words, excluding bibliography, appendix and annexes. Statement of joint work Chapter 3 is based on a paper co-authored with Christopher Wratil. I contributed 50% of this work. 2 Acknowledgements This doctoral thesis would have not been possible without the expert guidance of my two supervisors, Professor Sara Hobolt and Doctor Jonathan White. Each in their own way, they have been essential to the making of the thesis and my growth as an academic and as an individual. I would also like to thank the Economic and Social Research Council for their generous financial support of my doctoral studies through their scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Balcanica Xlii
    BALCANICA XLII BALCANICA XLII, Belgrade 2011, 1– 240 UDC 930.85(4–12) ISSN 0350–7653 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES BALCANICA XLII ANNUAL OF THE INSTITUTE FOR BALKAN STUDIES Editor DUŠAN T. BATAKOVIĆ Editorial Board FRANCIS CONTE (Paris), DJORDJE S. KOSTIĆ, LJUBOMIR MAKSIMOVIĆ, DANICA POPOVIĆ, GABRIELLA SCHUBERT (Jena), BILJANA SIKIMIĆ, ANTHONY-EMIL TACHIAOS (Thessaloniki), NIKOLA TASIĆ (Director of the Institute for Balkan Studies), SVETLANA M. TOLSTAJA (Moscow) BELGRADE 2011 Publisher Institute for Balkan Studies Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Belgrade, Knez Mihailova 35/IV www.balkaninstitut.com e-mail: [email protected] The origin of the Institute goes back to the Institut des Études balkaniques founded in Belgrade in 1934 as the only of the kind in the Balkans. The initiative came from King Alexander I Karadjordjević, while the Institute’s scholarly profile was created by Ratko Parežanin and Svetozar Spanaćević. The Institute published Revue internationale des Études balkaniques, which assembled most prominent European experts on the Balkans in various disciplines. Its work was banned by the Nazi occupation authorities in 1941. The Institute was not re-established until 1969, under its present-day name and under the auspices of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. It assembled a team of scholars to cover the Balkans from prehistory to the modern age and in a range of different fields of study, such as archaeology, ethnography, anthropology, history, culture, art, literature, law. This multidisciplinary approach remains its long-term orientation. Director of the Institute for Balkan Studies Nikola Tasić Volume XLII of the annual Balcanica is printed with financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia CONTENTS ARTICLES HISTORY.
    [Show full text]