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Almanac, May 1959, Vol. 5, No. 8

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Almanac, May 1959, Vol. 5, No. 8 VOL. 5, NO. 8 MAY 1959 Administration and Senate Release Documents on Education Act Faculty members whose names are on the mailing list The full text of the letter, dated April 23, 1959, is as of the University Senate recently received a letter and follows: enclosure from President Gaylord P. Harnwell regarding Dear the controversial disclaimer affidavit contained in the Colleague: National Defense Education Act. The Administration At the last meeting of the University Senate a number of actions were taken the National has granted The Almanac the right to print both this letter relating to and the enclosure, which is entitled "Position of the Uni- Defense Education Act. The discussions centered versity of Pennsylvania in Regard to the National Defense upon the University opposition to the disclaimer Education Act." affidavit which is a part of the Act. By a vote of 114 to 32, the Senate voted that the University should not permit its members to benefit under this Act if the execution of the disclaimer affidavit was Seldes Heads New School required. In accordance with the Senate's instructions, its Gilbert Seldes, author and practitioner of the popular officers have conferred with the University Adminis- arts, began his service as first Director of The Annenberg tration regarding steps which should now be taken. School of Communications on May 1. The Administration is in the course of endeavoring "We are delighted to benefit from the broad experience to ascertain opinions of other groups constituting the of Mr. Seldes in developing an unusual program here," said University community in order to form as broad a President Harnwell in announcing the appointment. "Our base as possible for the adoption of an official aim through the Annenberg School will be to contribute position. significantly to the quality and depth of mass communica- I am enclosing with this letter a statement of the tions in America. The selection of Mr. Seldes is a hearten- position which the University had adopted prior to ing first step." the meeting of the University Senate and from which The new Director has been a newspaper reporter, music it would move should a modification be eventually and drama critic, magazine editor, playwright, television decided upon. and program director (CBS, 1937-1945), TV reviewer, Very sincerely, author of a dozen volumes. The most recent of his books were "The Public Arts" in 1956 and a revised edition of (Signed) GAYLORD P. HARNWELL "The Seven Lively Arts" in 1957. Born in Alliance, N. J., he was educated at Central High The complete text of the enclosure (prepared by Presi- School, Philadelphia, and Harvard University. He began dent Harnwell) is as follows: his career on the staff of the Philadelphia Evening Ledger. "Upon the enactment of the National Defense Educa- He is the father of two children. tion Act, the Administration of the University of Pennsyl- Seldes earned his Phi Beta Kappa key at Harvard, then vania associated the University with a large number of served in the U. S. Army during World War I. Among other institutions in protesting against the requirements his other published works have been: "The Stammering of a loyalty oath and a disclaimer affidavit for persons Century" (1928); an adaptation of Aristophanes' desiring to benefit under the Act. The reasons for taking "Lysistrata" (1930); "The Years of the Locust" (1930); this position were set forth in correspondence at that time, the script for an historical motion picture, "This Is but the most basic one in the minds of the Administration America" (1933); and "The Great Audience" (1950'1 was that the conditions being imposed were unusual and The Annenberg School of Communications is sche d unreasonable, that they were not established by custom and to begin classes next September, conducting teach' and tradition in all instances such as agriculture, unemployment, (Continued on page seven) (Continued on page two) 2 THE ALMANAC the Education Act (continued fro,n page one) their views on this matter. If it should develop that Administration has acted and underestimated and, hence, that constituted an improper dis- inadvisedly etc., they of adverse and that an crimination students and teachers. the intensity opinion, overwhelming against of the is so convinced of the moral did not take the that it segment community "The Administration position of the Act's that it would advocate individuals associated with the enormity provisions would oppose the wishes of its will dissenters and their felt otherwise and wished imposing upon forbidding University of Pennsylvania who in the benefits of the Act, the Administration the Act. Still less did the Administration participation to benefit under should reconsider its constrain members of its academic com- position." feel that it should The Senate actions to which President Harnwell refers its official munity to conform to position by forbidding in his letter occurred at its closed of March 16, as citizens to meeting them to exercise their rights participate 1959. With the of Dr. Glenn R. Morrow, Act if should elect to do so. It is not the permission under the they Chairman of the Senate, The Almanac is now privileged to the oath or the affidavit, and University that takes signs itemize the "Resolutions of the Senate of the tradition of freedom Faculty in keeping with a long permitting of with the votes our it was determined University Pennsylvania," together regis- of individual election upon campus tered for each. It is to note that 183 members members should be free to act as significant that the faculty they were at the the recorded attend- The same was accorded students present meeting, largest deemed best. privilege ance in the of the Senate. to attend the and to serve history who, being of an age University The "Preamble" and the Resolutions are as follows: in the Armed Forces, should, the Administration felt, be "The Senate of the of Pennsylvania accorded the to make their own decisions. Faculty University opportunity notes with grave concern that Section 1001(f) of the Association of American "Many other universities in the National Defense Education Act requires that individuals a similar Some did not Universities took position. protest receiving grants, loans, stipends and other financial aid in the one declined to at all, and among Ivy Group only the form of direct Federal payments shall execute a dis- participate under the Act. In this instance, the motivation claimer affidavit. federal funds under was primarily reluctance to receive "This disclaimer affidavit requires the recipient of such and not because of the any conditions, exclusively funds to assert, under pain of penalties of perjury, that particular provisions of this Act. The other institutions 'he does not believe in, and is not a member of and does are small with which have declined to participate colleges not organization that believes in or teaches, in a number of cases with support any homogeneous populations and the overthrow of the United States Government by force, traditions which would both the strong sectarian oppose or violence, or by any illegal or unconstitutional methods.' oath and the affidavit. Affidavit Odious in Principle "Should the of refuse University Pennsylvania par- "The Faculty Senate believes that the provision of law to its members on the ground of the affidavit, ticipation requiring this disclaimer affidavit is odious in principle and rather than on that of the oath or its unwillingness to a danger to freedom of educational inquiry and discussion. receive federal funds, it would be in a but unique position, "We believe that neither this affidavit nor any similar one which could be made clear to its fellow undoubtedly test oath or restriction will serve the very function for which institutions. It would be much more difficult to explain it was designed-exposure of persons in the in an understandable to the presumably University's position way fact to the United States. Experience shows, we The nice distinctions involved would tend to be disloyal public. believe, that persons who would conspire to overthrow our considered as academic and an audience hair-splitting, by illegal means have no scruples against deceit which has been told of the economic of the government long plight and falsehood, that such persons would execute this affi- and universities would tend to be colleges unsympathetic davit if execution would serve their purposes. to the refusal a to accept funds offered by large university "We believe the affidavit requirement is dangerous to to in their for a reason that would participants program traditional freedoms vital to the educational process. It be confused in the mind with to easily public's disloyalty is phrased in terms which are broad and vague. Individ- the nation. Such a situation would doubtless have an uals receiving funds are required, under pain of perjury, adverse effect the of higher educa- upon public's support to renounce beliefs, in vaguely defined proscribed doc- tion in and react and differentially general unfavorably trines: and they are required to disavow not merely the of in against University Pennsylvania particular. 'membership' in, but also 'support' for, any group which in the of a "A further point of difficulty adopting pre- may be thought to 'believe' such doctrines. The require- under the cise and rigid position in regard to participation ment of this affidavit may have the effect of dissuading to the Act is the present uncertainty in regard interpreta- students and faculty members not only from joining but Federal tion of the provisions of the Act by the Ad- even from expressing any 'belief' in or 'support' for con- ministration. There is some possibility that avenues of troversial movements or organizations. The general effect without the participation will be open to faculty groups of the disclaimer affidavit may well be to inhibit, in a subtle the affidavit.
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