DOCSLIB.ORG

Beans, Cassava, and Tropical Forages The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beans, Cassava, and Tropical Forages The Beans, Cassava, and Tropical Forages The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) The CGIAR manage some of the largest, most diverse and “Each variety that comes to this genebank actively used collections of crop diversity in the world. These collections are publicly available and held on behalf could be critical for the future progress of the world community under the International Treaty on of farmers, breeders, the food production Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. sector and society as a whole.” CIAT is a CGIAR Center based in Colombia and holds Daniel Debouck international collections of beans, cassava, and tropical Genebank Manager forages. CIAT The Genebank The international bean collection comprises more than The Use 37,000 samples, of which approximately 90% are CIAT has worked hard to make the beans, cassava, and cultivated Phaseolus vulgaris. The collection also has tropical forages material that they manage ready and significant numbers of other cultivated bean species, as well available to breeders, researchers and farmer who request as nearly 2,000 samples of wild Phaseolus species. seeds. The cassava collection comprises more than6,000 In 2012, CIAT distributed more than 5,000 samples to samples, mainly material from the center of cassava CGIAR breeders and requesters in 27 different countries. diversity in the Americas, but with approximately 900 Nearly 71% of other distributions were sent outside of samples of wild cassava species. the CGIAR to national and regional collections, breeders, farmers, and the private sector. The CIAT tropical forage collection of more than23,000 samples is largely made up of forage legume species from Since 1973, CIAT distributed 562,574 samples of bean, the lowland tropics (below 1200 meters). In addition there cassava, and tropical forages to users around the world. are more than 2,000 varieties of African grasses and just over 800 varieties of multi-purpose trees and shrubs. CIAT and the Global Crop Diversity Trust The Crop Trust is raising an endowment that will fully fund the global system for the conservation of crop diversity. It takes nearly $3,000,000 for CIAT to carry out routine genebank operations and for project work like the Crop Wild Relatives project. This funding is essential for the routine work to keep the cassava, bean and tropical forages collections alive and ready for use. The Crop Trust is also working with CIAT on a project that includes targeting and collecting wild species of bean that are not already in the collection. The mission of the Crop Trust is to ensure the conservation and availability of crop diversity essential for food and agriculture, forever. By raising an endowment, the Crop Trust will cover the costs for an effective CIAT genebank. CIAT and Crop Wild Relatives Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are the wild species and varieties that are closely related to crops and are increasingly important for their contributions to crop breeding efforts to adapt our agriculture to the climatic chaos of the future. Many scientists believe that Crop Wild Relatives hold the key to adapting our agriculture to climate change. In the “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” project led by the Global Crop Diversity Trust, CIAT completed a gap analysis for 29 globally important crops. This gap analysis included distribution maps that show where Crop Wild Relatives are in need of collecting for conservation and use. CIAT in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault CIAT has sent 47, 898 varieties of beans, cassava, and tropical forages to be conserved in the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. The seeds total to 19,589,200 and are stored in 142 boxes in the vault. The Vault is located deep inside a mountain on a remote island in the Svalbard archipelago, halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The purpose of the Vault is to store duplicates (backups) of seed samples from the world’s crop collections. Permafrost and thick rock ensure that the seed samples will remain frozen even without power. The Vault is the ultimate insurance policy for the world’s food supply, offering options for future generations to overcome the challenges of climate change and population growth. For more information about CIAT, visit ciat.cgiar.org. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Botanic Gardens Are Important Contributors to Crop Wild Relative Preservation
    Published November 21, 2019 RESEARCH Botanic Gardens Are Important Contributors to Crop Wild Relative Preservation Abby Meyer* and Nicholas Barton Botanic Gardens Conservation International US at at The Huntington ABSTRACT Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Rd., San Humans rely on crop wild relatives (CWRs) for Marino, CA 91108. Received 2 June 2019. Accepted 11 Oct. 2019. sustainable agriculture and food security through *Corresponding author ([email protected]). Assigned to Associate augmentation of crop yield, disease resistance, Editor Joseph Robins. and climatic tolerance, among other important Abbreviations: BGCI, Botanic Gardens Conservation International; traits. Many CWRs are underrepresented in crop CWR, crop wild relative; GRIN, Germplasm Resources Information gene banks. With at least one-third of known Network. plant species maintained in botanic garden living collections, the botanic garden community serves as an important global ex situ network rop wild relatives (CWRs), plants that have “an indirect that supports plant conservation and research Cuse derived from its relatively close genetic relationship to a around the world. We sought to characterize crop,” provide important genetic diversity needed by breeders and botanic garden holdings of CWRs and demon- scientists to develop a wide range of crop plant adaptations (Maxted strate capacity for cross-sector coordination in et al., 2006, p. 2680). Benefits such as increased production, better support of CWR ex situ preservation. To do this, nutrition, drought tolerance, and pest and disease resistance have Botanic Gardens Conservation International been made possible through the use of CWRs and allowed for US (BGCI-US), in partnership with the United more consistent and sustainable yields of conventional crops for States Botanic Garden, used the BGCI Plant- Search database to conduct an ex situ survey of decades (Dempewolf et al., 2017; Guarino and Lobell, 2011; Hajjar CWRs maintained in botanic gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 November 2017 Reports
    August 2017 IT/GB-7/17/24 E Item 17.4 of the Provisional Agenda SEVENTH SESSION OF THE GOVERNING BODY Kigali, Rwanda, 30 October – 3 November 2017 Reports from Institutions that have Concluded Agreements with the Governing Body under Article 15 of the International Treaty Executive Summary The document contains the Reports provided by the Centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and one other International Institution that have concluded agreements with the Governing Body pursuant to Article 15 of the International Treaty, for the information and consideration of the Governing Body. The reports are provided, as they were received by the Secretariat, in the Appendices to this document. The document also provides update on activities carried out by the Secretariat and some recent developments, during the biennium, in regard to international germplasm collections that are held under Article 15 of the Treaty, whose continued maintenance has been reported to be experiencing major difficulties or are under threat. Guidance Sought The Governing Body is invited to consider the reports and the information provided in this document, and provide further guidance, taking into account the elements for a possible Resolution provided in Appendix 1 to this Document. This document can be accessed using the Quick Response Code on this page; an FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Other documents can be consulted at http://www.fao.org/plant-treaty/meetings/meetings- detail/en/c/888771/ 2 IT/GB-7/17/24 Table of Contents Paragraphs I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 – 2 II. SUMMARY OF THE REPORTS RECEIVED .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Crop Trust 2015
    THE CROP TRUST ANNUAL REPORT 2015 SUMMARY WWW.CROPTRUST.ORG/2015 1 THE CROP TRUST ANNUAL REPORT 2015 DEAR FRIENDS In this historic year, the nations of the world committed to a guiding set of Sustainable Development Goals and to action against the challenges of climate change. And the Crop Trust continued in its commitment to safeguard the agrobiodiversity that lies at the very root of sustainable development and climate adaptation alike. What did that commitment look like in 2015? The sound administrative and financial management of our partner genebanks got sounder. The Crop Wild Relatives project reached its peak with a full program of action across some 30 countries. Genesys, the global portal to information about crop collections, got more powerful and easier to use. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault saw new deposits, and its first retrieval – of important material from the genebank of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Aleppo, Syria. Seeing those seeds sprout again will be an occasion for joy. There are solutions to our world’s challenges to be found in the diversity of life – as long as we keep it alive. With thanks to all our supporters, MARIE HAGA AND WALTER FUST 2 From the farmers of the Sacred Valley of Peru to The Prince of Wales, in 2015 our partners left us with no doubt that the work we do, and the ‘‘ global system we are building together, is all at once inspiring, exciting, and absolutely essential. MARIE HAGA, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ,, This year we continued to build up our support to crop collections, their inter-linkage in a global system for ex situ conservation, and the ‘‘ accessibility of all the diversity they hold.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Brief Global Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives
    Policy Brief Global Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives Key Facts and Recommendations: • First of its kind global mapping effort reveals over 70% of essential crop wild relative species are under- represented in genebanks worldwide leaving food security unnecessarily vulnerable to future climate change • Collection efforts to preserve wild species with resilient traits useful for improving our crops ability to tolerate heat and pests must be stepped up • Long-term global food security requires inter- national collaboration on collecting, conserva- tion, and sharing these valuable genetic resources. • Countries are invited to use findings as a baseline to measure their progress on development and conservation commitments e.g. target 2.5 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals Many of the wild plant species at the foundation of the global food supply are missing from the world’s genebanks, according to new research by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in coordination with the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) and the Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), Kew. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are distant cousins of well-known food crops like rice, potato and wheat that contain traits such as drought and heat tolerance, and pest and disease resistance. This genetic diversity makes them an invaluable resource for plant breeders working to develop crops capable of adapting to the impacts of climate change, including higher temperatures, increased soil salinity due to rising sea levels, and more frequent and severe pest and disease outbreaks. The inability to access these crop wild relatives removes options to improve crops, leaving our food supply, and agricultural producers, vulnerable.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Trust Briefing
    Agenda Item 12 For Information Re-Issued: 08 May 2018 Future Funding of CGIAR Genebanks: Background Document-Revision 1 Purpose This revised paper sets out the long-term fundraising goal of the Crop Trust, the commitments made to the Genebank Platform to 2022 and the short-term challenges to meet the fundraising target of $500 million by 2022 in order to fund the Article 15 collections in perpetuity. Action requested The System Council is asked to consider this background information ahead of the Crop Trust’s presentation to the System Council’s 6th meeting on the topic “Future Funding of CGIAR Genebanks”. Document category: Working document of the System Council There is no restriction on the circulation of this document Prepared by: Crop Trust 6th CGIAR System Council Meeting Revision1-SC6-08 16-17 May 2018, Berlin, Germany Page 1 of 16 Future Funding of CGIAR Genebanks Background Document - System Council 17 May 2018 Meeting Prepared by the Global Crop Diversity Trust 7 May 2018 1. Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide System Council Members with background information ahead of the Crop Trust’s presentation to Members on 17 May 2018 on the topic “Future Funding of CGIAR Genebanks”. This paper sets out the long term fundraising goal of the Crop Trust, the commitments made to the Genebank Platform to 2022 and the short-term challenges to meet the fundraising target of $500 million by 2022 in order to fund the Article 15 collections under the International Treaty of Plant Genetic Resource (ITPGR) in perpetuity. 2. Fundraising Targets The Crop Trust’s Strategic Workplan sets out a target of USD 850 million required in the endowment fund in order to fund the operation of a global portfolio of national and international collections for the ex-situ conservation of crop diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Completing a Global Task
    COMPLETING A GLOBAL TASK Conserving Crop Diversity, Forever 15 YEARS The first 15 years of forever In 2004, the genetic foundation But it wasn’t all gloom and doom. At The Crop Trust was established in of everything we eat rested on a conference organized by the UN October 2004 with a mission to treacherous ground. Crop diversity Food and Agriculture Organization help build a global system of ex situ – the raw material that breeders in 1996, 150 countries had launched crop diversity conservation and use and farmers need to prepare for a Global Plan of Action on crop and fund it through an endowment the challenges of the future – could diversity, eventually to form a major that would make it a lasting reality. be found in genebanks all over the pillar of the landmark International When the Governing Body of the world, but it was nowhere near as Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources Plant Treaty held its first meeting in secure as its immense importance for Food and Agriculture (‘the 2006, it recognized the Crop Trust as demanded. Plant Treaty’). The Plant Treaty an essential element of the Treaty’s brought the diversity of 64 food and funding strategy. Sometimes, accidents and disasters forage crops, as well as a roster struck. Sometimes, quite simply, of international crop collections, Today, a USD 300 million Endowment genebanks suffered budget cuts into a multilateral system where Fund meets more and more of the and couldn’t pay their electricity this material will forever remain needs of the world’s most important bills.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
    May 2018 CGRFA/WG-PGR-9/18/Inf.16 E COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Item 9 of the Provisional Agenda INTERGOVERNMENTAL TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP ON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Ninth Session Rome, 25-27 July 2018 REPORT FROM THE GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST This document can be accessed using the Quick Response Code on this page; an FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Other documents can be consulted at www.fao.org 2 CGRFA/WG-PGR-9/18/Inf.16 I. INTRODUCTION 1. Established in 2004 under international law as an independent international organization, the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) operates from Bonn, Germany within the framework of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the Treaty) in accordance with the overall policy guidance provided by its Governing Body. The Crop Trust’s objective as stated in its Constitution is “to ensure the long-term conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture with a view to achieving global food security and sustainable agriculture”. 2. The Relationship Agreement between the Crop Trust and the Governing Body of the Treaty recognizes the Crop Trust “as an essential element of the Funding Strategy of the International Treaty in relation to ex situ conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.” It notes that the Crop Trust has established an endowment with the objective of “providing a permanent source of funds to support the long-term conservation of the ex situ germplasm collections on which the world depends for food security.” The Agreement refers to the call in the First Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (GPA) for the “development and support of a rational, efficient and sustainable system of genetic resources collections around the world”.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Trust Magazine Contents
    MAGAZINE SPRING 2019 CROP TRUST CROP TRUST MAGAZINE CONTENTS 4 Editorial: Tip of the iceberg, 40 A Haven of diversity: by Marie Haga, of the Crop Trust the genebank of the Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees Svalbard Global Seed Vault 46 The Plant Treaty: Q&A with Luigi Guarino, of the Crop Trust 6 Mythbusting 50 Cryopreservation and the 8 The Seed Vault in numbers future of crop conservation 9 Fascinating facts 10 A Three-way partnership Food Forever 12 A Day in the life: Q&A with 52 Food Forever: Biodiversity Åsmund Asdal of NordGen for resilience 16 Turning ten: Celebrating 54 The Food Forever Experience a decade of the Seed Vault 58 Food: The world’s most successful immigration story? 20 Crop Trust timeline 22 The Crop Trust: A Prehistory 60 The Crop Trust endowment fund 24 The big picture 62 Ensuring the world continues to wake up to Coffee 26 Back from the brink: The Bermuda bean 66 Compete to Conserve: Catan and the Crop Trust 30 Genebanks: An investment in the future of food 68 Crop Wild Relatives: Q&A with Hannes Dempewolf, 34 The CGIAR Genebank Platform of the Crop Trust 38 Safeguarding rice: 74 The Squashes of Autumn Nothing less than forever 80 Credits LEFT A genebank worker takes seed samples for storage at the genebank of AfricaRice, in Mbe, Cote d’Ivoire BY STEFAN SCHMITZ EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CROP TRUST In November 2019, it was my honour to accept the position of Executive Director of the Crop Trust. While new to the role, I am already familiar with much of the Crop Trust’s excellent work, not least the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, the iconic structure carved into an Arctic mountain to provide a secure back-up for the world’s genebanks.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Rational Hemispheric Conservation Strategy for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in the Americas
    Towards a rational Hemispheric Conservation Strategy for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in the Americas NORGEN CAPGERNet REMERFI TROPIGEN REDARFIT T REGENSUR R A working document prepared by the six sub-regional networks in the Americas January 2008 Towards a rational Hemispheric Conservation Strategy for PGRFA in the Americas 2 Disclaimer This document has been developed by the regional plant genetic resources networks in the Americas, namely the Caribbean Plant Genetic Resources Network (CAPGERNet), the Plant Genetic Resources Network for North America (NORGEN), the Andean Network on Plant Genetic Resources (REDARFIT), PROCISUR’s Sub-program for Plant Genetic Resources (REGENSUR), the Mesoamerican Network on Plant Genetic Resources (REMERFI) and the Amazonian Network on Plant Genetic Resources (TROPIGEN). For more information about the Networks, contact the regional focal person mentioned in the document The objective of this Strategy is to provide a framework for the efficient and effective ex situ conservation of the most important crop diversity collections in the Americas region, and to promote the availability of these plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The Global Crop Diversity Trust (the Trust) provided support towards this initiative and considers the document, particularly those portions pertaining directly to the Trust’s mandated areas of interest, to be an important input to the Trust’s own planning and work. We expect the Strategy to continue to evolve, as appropriate, and for the Networks to lead this on-going process. The Regional Strategy is the strategy of the region. The Trust does not take responsibility for its contents or for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in the document.
    [Show full text]
  • Sorghum Is a Small Grain with a Big Impact. As Our Population Is Set To
    Changing the habits of what people maximises the toasted flavour and creates a eat is directly linked to changing the habits of crunchy texture). Another intriguing quality is what farmers grow. Enter sorghum: one of the its colour. SORGHUM world’s most unfussy and nutritious crops. Sorghum is a small grain with r ed s o r a big impact. g h u THE CAMEL m OF CROPS Climate change is threatening food supplies and agricultural systems all over the world. Approximately two thirds of our food is m u Sorghum farming Sorghum is h g produced by small-scale farmers globally, and r o occupies 25 s the fifth most e these farmers are vulnerable to increasingly t percent or more i widespread h unpredictable weather systems. of arable land cereal crop w in Mauritania, globally after As our population is set to reach Gambia, Mali, wheat, rice, Burkina Faso, maize and barley. ten billion by 2050, there is an b l a Ghana, Niger, c k increasing need for hardy crops s Somalia and o r g h resilient to climate change. Yemen. u m For many years, rice, wheat and maize have been global staples. This has often led to the crops being grown in inappropriate Depending on the particular variety and the region in which it is grown, sorghum’s climates, negatively impacting Although particularly adapted to colour varies from pale cream to yellow, red the environment and adding drought-prone areas that are too dry for and even dark black, giving the milled flour to the many risks faced maize, the diversity of this crop allows it to extraordinary tints and character to add to by farmers.
    [Show full text]
  • Crop Trust Magazine Contents
    CROP TRUST MAGAZINE CONTENTS 4 Editorial: Tip of the iceberg, 40 A Haven of Diversity: by Marie Haga, of the Crop Trust the genebank of the Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees Svalbard Global Seed Vault 46 The Plant Treaty: Q+A with Luigi Guarino, of the Crop Trust 6 Mythbusting 50 Cryopreservation and the 7 The Seed Vault in numbers future of crop conservation 8 Fascinating facts 10 A Three-way partnership Food Forever 12 A Day in the life: Q+A with 52 Food Forever: Biodiversity Åsmund Asdal of NordGen for resilience 16 Turning ten: Celebrating 54 The Food Forever Experience a decade of the Seed Vault 58 Food: The world’s most successful immigration story? 20 Crop Trust timeline 22 The Crop Trust: A Prehistory 60 The Crop Trust endowment fund 24 The big picture 62 Ensuring the world continues to wake up to Coffee 26 Back from the brink: The Bermuda bean 66 Compete to Conserve: Catan and the Crop Trust 30 Genebanks: An investment in the future of food 68 Crop Wild Relatives: Q&A with Hannes Dempewolf, 34 The CGIAR Genebank Platform of the Crop Trust 38 Safeguarding rice: 74 The Squashes of Autumn Nothing less than forever 80 Credits BY MARIE HAGA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CROP TRUST The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is instantly recognizable. It contains seeds of around one million crop varieties, sent from all over the world. That’s as much as most people know. Then come the myths and misperceptions. One pervasive myth is that it’s a “doomsday vault” designed to help humanity restart agriculture after a global catastrophe.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Genebank Partnership
    SECURING OUR FOOD, FOREVER More than A Global Genebank 730,000 Partnership varieties conserved The cost of conserving crop diversity is Long-term Grants remarkably low relative to the massive ­benefits­it­brings.­­After­all,­we’re­talking­ The Crop Diversity Endowment Fund provides real financial about­the­foundation­of­our­food. security to collections of crop diversity by guaranteeing funding at agreed levels, year in and year out. Nevertheless, meeting the long-term operational cost of Currently, the Crop Trust has signed agreements to provide the conservation of most crop diversity collections is rarely such ‘in perpetuity’ funding to some of the world’s most on a secure, sustainable footing. Many genebanks, even important collections of 17 crops. As the endowment the most important ones, stagger on from one funding grows, the Crop Trust will be able to secure more and more cycle to the next, with little scope for long-term planning. crops through fully funded long-term grants. The reliability of funding is absolutely crucial – a shortfall in financial resources can lead to the permanent loss of The Genebanks unique varieties. The Crop Trust’s objective is to ensure stable, predictable funding for a global system of crop The most important collections of crop diversity in the collections, in perpetuity. world are managed by 11 CGIAR centers on behalf of the world community under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. These genebanks hold some of the largest, diverse, best documented and most widely used collections of the crops critically important to global food security.
    [Show full text]