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Ib History of the Americas the Mexican Revolution Study Questions

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Ib History of the Americas the Mexican Revolution Study Questions IB HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION STUDY QUESTIONS The Mexican Revolution 1910-40 This section focuses on the causes, course and impact of the Mexican Revolution that occurred in a country that had experienced a lengthy period of political stability and economic growth. The socio-economic composition of revolutionary leadership was varied, as were the aims. The revolution was prolonged and costly. The Constitution of 1917 has been described as the most progressive constitution created at this time in the region. It had significant influence on the political developments of the country and the area. The revolution impacted greatly on the arts, arguably representing the earliest and most enduring attempt to overcome racial divisions and incorporate the Indian heritage into the national identity. • Causes of the Mexican Revolution: social, economic and political; the role of the Porfiriato regime • The revolution and its leaders (1910-17): ideologies, aims and methods of Madero, Villa, Zapata, Carranza; achievements and failures; Constitution of 1917: nature and application • Construction of the post-revolutionary state (1920-38): Obregón, Calles and the Maximato; challenges; assessment of their impact in the post-revolutionary state • Lázaro Cárdenas and the renewal of the revolution (1939-40): aims, methods and achievements • The role of foreign powers (especially the United States) in the outbreak and development of the • Mexican Revolution; motivations, methods of intervention and contributions • Impact of the revolution on the arts, education and music (suitable examples could be Siqueiros, • Rivera, Orozco); the impact of Vasconcelos’ educational reforms; the development of popular music; literary works on the revolution Key Terms and People Porfirio Díaz Plutarco Calles Diego Rivera Francisco I. Madero Lázaro Cárdenas David Alafaro Siquieros Victoriano Huerta Confederación Regional de Obreros José Clemente Orozco Henry Lane Wilson Mexicanos (CROM) Frida Kahlo Woodrow Wilson Partido Nacional Revolucionario José Vasconselos Pancho Villa (PNR) Cristeros Emiliano Zapata Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) Soldaderas Venustiano Carranza Partido Revolucionario Institucional Alvaro Obregón (PRI) José Limantour Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) 1. Describe the economic situation in Mexico prior to the Revolution with a focus on: a) Politics b) Economic Development c) Agriculture d) Mining & Petroleum e) Manufacturing 2. Describe the economic crisis in Mexico in 1910. 3. Describe the political crisis in Mexico in 1910. 4. Who was Francisco Madero and describe his Plan de San Luis Potosí for Mexico after the election of 1910. 5. Why did the Revolution NOT end with Madero becoming president? 6. What was the role of Victoriano Huerta in the Revolution? 7. How did Henry Lane Wilson and Woodrow Wilson insert themselves into the Mexican Revolution? 8. Briefly describe the overthrow of Madero by Huerta. Assess the role of the United States in the events of February 1913. 9. How and why did the United States become involved in the Mexican Revolution in 1914? 10. Who issued the Plan de Guadalupe and what was the significance of the plan? 11. Why did the state of Sonora play such a vital role in the Mexican Revolution? 12. Discuss the course of the Mexican Revolution from 1914 through 1916. Why were Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata unable to defeat Venustiano Carranza and gain control of the Revolution? 13. How and why did the United States become involved in the Mexican Revolution in 1916 – with what results? 14. What were the results of the Constitutional Convention of 1917? 15. Assess Carranza’s relationship with the United States and foreign own companies? Was Carranza successful in his dealing foreign owned companies? Why/why not? 16. Who were the leading candidates for president of Mexico in 1920? Who won and why? 17. Discuss the achievements and failure of Álvaro Obregón as president of Mexico. 18. “The Maximato brought stability to Mexico.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? 19. Examine the impact of the educational reforms of Vasconcelos. 20. Evaluate the impact of the United States efforts to influence the post-revolutionary period (1920-1940) in Mexico. 21. Examine the impact of the Mexican revolution on the arts, music and education. 22. “The Mexican state dealt successfully with post-revolutionary challenges between 1920 and 1940.” Discuss. 23. Compare and contrast the political and economic policies of Plutarco Elías Calles and Lázaro Cárdenas. 24. “By 1940, Lázaro Cárdenas had achieved all of his aims.” Discuss. .
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