DOCSLIB.ORG

Sample Thesis Title with a Concise and Accurate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sample Thesis Title with a Concise and Accurate MATING TRAIT DIVERGENCE IN HABRONATTUS AMERICANUS JUMPING SPIDERS AND SEX RATIO EVOLUTION UNDER SEXUAL CONFLICT by Gwylim Seaton Blackburn BSc., University of British Columbia, 1997 MSc., Simon Fraser University, 2004 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (ZOOLOGY) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) June 2013 © Gwylim Seaton Blackburn, 2013 Abstract I investigated two topics in evolution. The first concerns the potential role of sexual selection in population divergence of H. americanus jumping spiders. Field observations suggest males seldom feed yet travel widely, apparently seeking mates. Males displayed vigorously to females, whereas females appeared highly choosy. The apparent absence of antagonistic ehavior during male-male interactions suggests mate competition in this species is mediated by female choice. I assessed if female preferences for local males promote reproductive isolation among three H. americanus populations that are each monomorphic for a different male sexual display morph. Supporting this idea, virgin females copulated more often with local compared to foreign males during mate trials. However, the effect of other mating interaction components on mating success remains to be resolved. All crosses produced offspring, ruling out strong intrinsic reproductive barriers among morphs and suggesting divergent female mate preferences may constitute an early source of reproductive isolation. I documented low genetic divergence among several populations, further indicating selection underlies the stark display differences between them. Further, this force appears to counteract gene flow: among-morph population comparisons show “isolation by distance”, despite the fact that phenotypically similar populations, which are scattered widely across the study area, are relatively closely related. This implies a greater exchange of genes between phenotypically similar populations. Collectively, these results implicate divergent selection on, or correlated with, male sexual displays at an early stage of differentiation in this species. In a separate study, two colleagues and I use genetic models to demonstrate that sex ratio adjustment (SRA) by parents can reduce intralocus sexual conflict (IASC) by directing alleles of a sexually antagonistic trait to the sex of offspring they benefit. If the trait is autosomally inherited, this strategy evolves irrespective of which parent’s genotype SRA is based on. It can also evolve when the trait is sex-linked, provided decisions are based on the genotype of the homogametic sex—SRA based on the heterogametic sex instead promotes fixation of the allele that is detrimental to that sex. These results suggest sexual conflict might account for previously unexplained variation in the occurrence of SRA in nature. ii Preface A version of Chapter 5 has been published as: “Blackburn, G.S.B., Albert, A.Y.K., and Otto, S.P. (2010). The evolution of sex ratio adjustment in the presence of sexually antagonistic selection. The American Naturalist (176) 3, 264-275”. I generated the original idea for the project and developed the final scope of the study with Sally Otto. I built recursion equations for the analytical models. Arianne Albert and Sally isolated model conditions that favor the evolution of sex ratio adjustment (SRA). Sally designed a simulation for the long-term evolution of SRA. I modified the simulation for alternative genetic architectures and Sally and I compiled simulation results. Sally wrote or strongly guided my writing of the Results, and she also created the article figures. I wrote most of the remaining manuscript. The behavioral experiment in Chapter 3 was approved by the UBC animal care committee (A06-1540). Permits for spider collection were obtained from the Yosemite National Park (YOSE 2007 SCI 0045, YOSE 2010 SCI 0068). iii Table of contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Preface ................................................................................................................................ iii Table of contents ................................................................................................................ iv List of tables ...................................................................................................................... vii List of figures ................................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. x Dedication ......................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Sexual selection and speciation .......................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Trends in the study of sexual selection with respect to speciation ................. 2 1.1.2 Study system: Habronattus jumping spiders (Aranae, Salticidae) ................. 5 1.1.3 Research goals ................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Sex ratio adjustment in the presence of sexually antagonistic selection ............ 7 1.2.1 Trends in the study of intralocus sexual conflict and sex allocation .............. 7 1.2.2 Research goals ................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2: Characterizing sexual selection from natural breeding ehavior in two species of jumping spider, Habronattus americanus and H. ophrys .............................................. 10 2.1 Summary ........................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Introduction....................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Methods ............................................................................................................ 13 2.4 Results .............................................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Factors affecting mate search effort ............................................................. 15 2.4.1.1 Travel .................................................................................................. 15 2.4.1.2 Feeding and hunting ............................................................................ 15 2.4.2 Behavioral interactions ................................................................................. 16 2.4.2.1 Intersexual encounters ........................................................................ 16 2.4.2.2 Male-male encounters ......................................................................... 17 2.5 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 19 2.5.1 Mate search effort ......................................................................................... 19 2.5.2 Intersexual mate choice ................................................................................ 19 2.5.3 Direct contests among males ........................................................................ 21 2.5.4 Environmental signal conditions during courtship ....................................... 22 2.5.5 Conclusions .................................................................................................. 23 2.6 Acknowledgements........................................................................................... 23 Chapter 3: Divergence in female mate choice and male sexual displays among conspecific jumping spider populations, despite the absence of strong postmating barriers ........... 30 3.1 Summary ........................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Introduction....................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Methods ............................................................................................................ 32 3.3.1 Spider collection and care ............................................................................. 32 3.3.2 Mate trials ..................................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Predicted patterns of mate choice ................................................................. 34 3.3.4 Fertilization status ......................................................................................... 35 3.3.5 Postzygotic reproductive success ................................................................. 36 3.3.6 Statistical analyses ........................................................................................ 37 3.4 Results .............................................................................................................. 38 iv 3.4.1 Mating success .............................................................................................. 38 3.4.1.1 Copulation occurrence ........................................................................ 38 3.4.1.2 Latency to copulate ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2017 AAS Abstracts
    2017 AAS Abstracts The American Arachnological Society 41st Annual Meeting July 24-28, 2017 Quéretaro, Juriquilla Fernando Álvarez Padilla Meeting Abstracts ( * denotes participation in student competition) Abstracts of keynote speakers are listed first in order of presentation, followed by other abstracts in alphabetical order by first author. Underlined indicates presenting author, *indicates presentation in student competition. Only students with an * are in the competition. MAPPING THE VARIATION IN SPIDER BODY COLOURATION FROM AN INSECT PERSPECTIVE Ajuria-Ibarra, H. 1 Tapia-McClung, H. 2 & D. Rao 1 1. INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2. Laboratorio Nacional de Informática Avanzada, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Colour variation is frequently observed in orb web spiders. Such variation can impact fitness by affecting the way spiders are perceived by relevant observers such as prey (i.e. by resembling flower signals as visual lures) and predators (i.e. by disrupting search image formation). Verrucosa arenata is an orb-weaving spider that presents colour variation in a conspicuous triangular pattern on the dorsal part of the abdomen. This pattern has predominantly white or yellow colouration, but also reflects light in the UV part of the spectrum. We quantified colour variation in V. arenata from images obtained using a full spectrum digital camera. We obtained cone catch quanta and calculated chromatic and achromatic contrasts for the visual systems of Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. Cluster analyses of the colours of the triangular patch resulted in the formation of six and three statistically different groups in the colour space of D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, respectively. Thus, no continuous colour variation was found.
    [Show full text]
  • SPIDERS of WASHINGTON COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI Orrey P. Young Southern Field Crop Insect Management Laboratory USDA-ARS, P.O. Box
    Young, O . P., T. C . Lockley and G . B . Edwards . 1989 . Spiders of Washington County, Mississippi . J . Arachnol ., 17 :27-41 . SPIDERS OF WASHINGTON COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI Orrey P. Young Southern Field Crop Insect Management Laboratory USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 346 Stoneville, Mississippi 38776 USA Timothy C. Lockley Imported Fire Ant Station USDA-APHIS-PPQ 3505 25th Avenue Gulfport, Mississippi 39501 USA and G. B. Edwards Florida State Collection of Arthropods Division of Plant Industry Florida Dept. Agric. & Cons . Serv. P.O. Box 1269 Gainesville, Florida 32602 USA ABSTRACT Over a seven-year period, approximately 35,000 spiders representing 26 families, 133 genera, and 234 species were captured in Washington County, Mississippi, by pitfall, sweepnet, vacuum, bag, and hand. Specimens were collected in 10 different habitat types and in four vegetational strata . Old-field habitats yielded the most species (152) and residential lawns the fewest (14) . Considering all habitats sampled, the ground layer produced 111 species, the herbaceous strata 133, the shrub layer 49, and the tree strata 30 species . The sweepnet method of capture obtained 128 species, pitfall 95, hand 61, vacuum 53, and bagging 19 species. The largest number of species were obtained in spring and early summer (maximum of 125 in May), with the fewest in mid-winter (Jan . = 24) . Twenty-one species were considered abundant, 51 common, 67 uncommon, and 95 rare . Additions to the state list of Dorris (1972) number 102 species, for a new state total of 364 species . A comparison with the North American fauna and with other surveys indicates that Washington County is underrepresented both in cursorial forms active on the soil surface and web-spinning forms typical of undisturbed habitats .
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CHECKLIST of ILLINOIS SPIDERS Over 500 Spider Species Have Been
    1 CHECKLIST OF ILLINOIS SPIDERS Over 500 spider species have been reported to occur in Illinois. This checklist includes 558 species, and there may be records in the literature that have eluded the author’s attention. This checklist of Illinois species has been compiled from sources cited below. The initials in parentheses that follow each species name and authorship in the list denote the paper or other source in which the species was reported. Locality data, dates of collection, and other information about each species can be obtained by referring to the indicated sources. (AAS) American Arachnological Society Spider Species List for North America, published on the web site of the American Arachnological Society: http://americanarachnology.org/AAS_information.html (B&N) Beatty, J. A. and J. M. Nelson. 1979. Additions to the Checklist of Illinois Spiders. The Great Lakes Entomologist 12:49-56. (JB) Beatty, J. A. 2002. The Spiders of Illinois and Indiana, their Geolographical Affinities, and an Annotated Checklist. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 1:77-94. (BC) Cutler, B. 1987. A Revision of the American Species of the Antlike Jumping Spider Genus Synageles (Araneae: Salticidae). J. Arachnol.15:321-348. (G&P) Gertsch, W. J. And N. I. Platnick. 1980. A Revision of the American Spiders of the Family Atypidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Amer. Mus. Novitates 2704:1-39. (BK) Kaston, B. J. 1955. Check List of Illinois Spiders. Trans. Ill. State Acad. Sci. 47: 165- 172. (SK) Kendeigh, S. C. 1979. Invertebrate Populations of the Deciduous Forest Fluctuations and Relations to Weather. Illinois Biol. Monog. 50:1-107.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Note the Courtship of a Kansas Population of Habronattus Borealis (Araneae, Salticidae)
    1998. The Journal of Arachnology 26 :244-246 RESEARCH NOTE THE COURTSHIP OF A KANSAS POPULATION OF HABRONATTUS BOREALIS (ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) The coecatus group of the jumping spider than the other four species, or H. borealis genus Habronattus consists of 23 described from Michigan. species, all found in the Western Hemisphere Live specimens of H. borealis were col- (Griswold 1987) . The structure of the palpi in lected during May 1990, 1991 and late April the male is generally diagnostic (see Griswold and May in 1992 and 1993, at the University 1987, figs. 187-188). The epigynum of the fe- of Kansas, Lawrence, Douglas County, Kan- male includes a central, elongated bell-like sas. These were maintained in vials and small structure (see Griswold 1987, fig . 113-115) . petri dishes at room temperature in the labo- Courtship in the coecatus group is poorly ratory, both at the University of Kansas and known, although perhaps better known than in at New Mexico State University . Specimens some other groups . Most of the species in the were fed leafhoppers and Drosophila. At New group have modifications on the third leg of Mexico State University males were placed in the male at the patella-tibia junction, and these plastic petri dishes first, followed by the fe- are displayed to the female during courtship male. This procedure was established as stan- (Griswold 1976 ; Richman 1982 ; Cutler 1988) . dard because some salticid females (although Habronattus Of the five species previously observed, H. not usually females) may attack males as prey if they are placed in the dish coecatus (Hentz 1846), H.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Orb-Web Building Spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea)
    Zoological Journal of the Liniieaii Society (1998), 123: 1•99. With 48 figures CP) Phylogeny of the orb-web building spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae: Deinopoidea, Araneoidea) CHARLES E. GRISWOLD'*, JONATHAN A. GODDINGTON", GUSTAVO HORMIGA' AND NIKOLAJ SCHARFE* ^Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A.; 'Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, NHB- 105, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A.; ^Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, U.S.A.; ^^oological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark Received February 1996; accepted for publication JamiaTy 1997 This phylogenetic analysis of 31 exemplar taxa treats the 12 families of Araneoidea (Anapidae, Araneidae, Cyatholipidae, Lin)phiidae, Mysmenidae, Nesticidae, Pimoidae, Sym- phytognathidae, Synotaxidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae, and Theridiosomatidae). The data set comprises 93 characters: 23 from male genitalia, 3 from female genitalia, 18 from céphalothorax morphology, 6 from abdomen morphology, 14 from limb morpholog)', 15 from the spinnerets, and 14 from web architecture and other behaviour. Criteria for tree choice were minimum length parsimony and parsimony under implied weights. The outgroup for Araneoidea is Deinopoidea (Deinopidae and Uloboridae). The preferred shortest tree specifies the relationships ((Uloboridae, Deinopidae) (Araneidae (Tetragnathidae ((Theri- diosomatidae (Mysmenidae (Symphytognathidae, Anapidae)))
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Maine Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)
    A CHECKLIST OF MAINE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) By Daniel T. Jennings Charlene P. Donahue Forest Health and Monitoring Maine Forest Service Technical Report No. 47 MAINE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION AND FORESTRY September 2020 Augusta, Maine Online version of this report available from: https://www.maine.gov/dacf/mfs/publications/fhm_pubs.htm Requests for copies should be made to: Maine Forest Service Division of Forest Health & Monitoring 168 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0168 Phone: (207) 287-2431 Printed under appropriation number: 013-01A-2FHM-52 Issued 09/2020 Initial printing of 25 This product was made possible in part by funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest health programs in the Maine Forest Service, Department of Agriculture Conservation and Forestry are supported and conducted in partnership with the USDA, the University of Maine, cooperating landowners, resource managers, and citizen volunteers. This institution is prohibited from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. 2 A CHECKLIST OF MAINE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) 1 2 DANIEL T. JENNINGS and CHARLENE P. DONAHUE ____________________________________ 1 Daniel T. Jennings, retired, USDA, Forest Service, Northern Forest Experiment Station. Passed away September 14, 2020 2 Charlene P. Donahue, retired, Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry – Maine Forest Service. Corresponding Author [email protected] 4 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Figure 1. Map of State of Maine
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 1 14(2): 1 1 1-206
    2005. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 1 14(2): 1 1 1-206 THE SPIDER SPECIES OF THE GREAT LAKES STATES 1 2 3 4 Petra Sierwald , Michael L. Draney , Thomas Prentice , Frank Pascoe , Nina 1 5 2 1 Sandlin , Elizabeth M. Lehman , Vicki Medland , and James Louderman : 'Zoology, The Field Museum, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605; 2Department of Natural and Applied Sciences and Cofrin Center for Biodiversity, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, Wisconsin 3 5431 1; Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; 4Biology, College of St. Francis, 500 Wilcox Street, Joliet, Illinois 60435: 5 Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405 ABSTRACT. Critical analysis of existing spider species lists for Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio. Indiana and Illinois reveals 900 species recorded from the five-state region (284 genera, 40 families). All non- native, Palearctic, or otherwise questionable species records were scrutinized, and their status is discussed. The most speciose families in the region are the Linyphiidae (almost 24% of species), Salticidae (10.3%), Theridiidae (8.9%), Lycosidae (8.8%), and Araneidae (7.7%). All sources used for spider species names and species records are unambiguously quoted. Spider species records are presented in tables allowing comparison of family composition among the states, and prediction of number of heretofore unrecorded species. Richness among states is analyzed and found to be dependent on varying degrees of sampling effort. As a new tool, a Spider Species Name Concordance Table allows tracking previously published spider species names to the currently valid name of every species record.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations
    A Preliminary Checklist to the Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Minnesota (U.S.A.) with Annotations Chad J. Heins: Biology Department, Bethany Lutheran College, Mankato, Minnesota Assistant Professor of Biology Bethany Lutheran College 700 Luther Drive Mankato, MN 56001 Abstract This is a list of spider species for Minnesota (U.S.A.). It includes species that have been recorded in Minnesota as well as those which have ranges that suggest they are likely to be found in the state in the future. The checklist is a compilation of records from the literature, museums, and personal collection efforts by the author. Each species is annotated with a select reference or references and a comment if necessary. This list represents several new state records and expansions of several species’ known ranges. Key Terms: Minnesota, Araneae INTRODUCTION Spiders are an abundant component of terrestrial arthropod assemblages. Over 3,800 species of spiders have been documented in North America north of Mexico (Bradley 2013). They present interesting subjects for the study of behavior, taxonomy, and ecology and it has been suggested that they may serve as important ecological indicators (Clausen 1986; Churchill 1997). Their abundance, ease of capture, and limited expense to study make them ideal subjects for study at the undergraduate level and an interest in such applications sent the author in search of a list of Minnesota spiders. The only faunal list for Minnesota that could be located was limited to the family-level (Cutler 1976). Several states and provinces in North America have developed such spider faunal lists. In the Upper Midwest, such lists have been created for Michigan (Snider 1991), Illinois/Indiana (Beatty 2002), Wisconsin (Levi & Field 1954), and Manitoba (Benell-Aitchison & Dondale 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science - Volume 26 1972 Academy Editors
    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 26 Article 1 1972 Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science - Volume 26 1972 Academy Editors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Recommended Citation Editors, Academy (1972) "Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science - Volume 26 1972," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 26 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol26/iss1/1 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Entire Issue is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. <- Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 26 [1972], Art. 1 AKASO p.3- ARKANSAS ACADEMYOF SCIENCE VOLUME XXVI 1972 Flagella and basal body of Trypanosoma ARKANSAS ACADEMYOF SCIENCE BOX 1709 UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FAYETTEVILLE,ARKANSAS 72701 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1972 1 EDITOR J. L. WICKLIFF Department of Botany and Bacteriology JournalUniversity of the Arkansasof Arkansas, AcademyFayettevi of Science,lie. Vol.Arkansas 26 [1972],72701 Art. 1 EDITORIALBOARD John K. Beadles Lester C.Howick Jack W. Sears James L.Dale Joe F.
    [Show full text]
  • Araneae: Salticidae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Eileen Hebets Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences April 2005 Seismic signals are crucial for male mating success in a visual specialist jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) Damian O. Elias Cornell University, Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Ithaca, NY Eileen Hebets University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Ronald R. Hoy Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, USA Andrew C. Mason University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON MIC 1A4, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Elias, Damian O.; Hebets, Eileen; Hoy, Ronald R.; and Mason, Andrew C., "Seismic signals are crucial for male mating success in a visual specialist jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae)" (2005). Eileen Hebets Publications. 15. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eileen Hebets Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Animal Behaviour 69:4 (April 2005), pp. 931-938; doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.024 Copyright © 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour; published by Elsevier Ltd. Used by permission. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472 Submitted February 15, 2004; revised April 21, 2004; accepted June 15, 2004; published online February 8, 2005. Seismic signals are crucial for male mating success in a visual specialist jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) Damian O. Elias, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Seeley G.
    [Show full text]
  • Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with Consideration of Genitalic and Courtship Evolution
    SEN 195 Systematic Entomology (2003) 28, 1±21 Phylogeny of Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with consideration of genitalic and courtship evolution WAYNE MADDISON andMARSHAL HEDIN* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. and *Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, U.S.A. Abstract. DNA sequences from the mitochondrial (including ND1, 16S) and nuclear (EF-1a) genomes of about ninety-four species were obtained to recon- struct phylogenetic relationships of Habronattus jumping spiders. Maximum par- simony trees were sought with both separatePROOF (mitochondrial, nuclear) and combined analyses; maximum likelihood trees were sought with both separate (ND1, 16S, EF-1a introns, EF-1a exons) and combined (mitochondrial, nuclear) analyses. All analyses agreed on some fundamental aspects of the tree, including the monophyly of the previously recognized agilis, amicus, dorotheae and americanus species groups. The deep phylogenetic structure is well resolved, placing the agilis, amicus, tranquillus and dorotheae groups basally. Several other previously unrecognized clades were well supported, including a newly formulated decorus group. The large group of species with modified male first and third legs was supported as monophyletic except for the surprising placement elsewhere of three species of the group. The phenotypic similarities between these three and the others are so detailed and precise that convergence in ornamentation can probably be ruled out. There are hints of phylogenetically distant genetic introgression involving the coecatus group. The combination Habronattus paratus is restored based on the speciesECTED falling within Habronattus. Regarding patterns of character evolution, there was consistent support for the basal placement of several species groups with a long embolus, suggesting that there were more evolutionary reduc- tions in embolus length than postulated in a previous morphological phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Litter and Ground Dwelling Spiders of Mixed Mesophytic Forest In
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2002 Litter and ground dwelling spiders of mixed mesophytic forest in southeast Louisiana Joyce Fassbender Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Fassbender, Joyce, "Litter and ground dwelling spiders of mixed mesophytic forest in southeast Louisiana" (2002). LSU Master's Theses. 1183. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1183 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LITTER AND GROUND DWELLING SPIDERS OF MIXED MESOPHYTIC FORESTS IN SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Entomology Joyce L. Fassbender B. S. Southeastern Louisiana University, 1997 May, 2002 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to thank the Entomology Department of Louisiana State University, the Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, and the Louisiana Board of Regents for providing the facilities and financial support necessary to complete this project. I would like to thank Dr. Christopher Carlton for his guidance during this research. I would also like to extend my thanks to Dr. Dorothy Prowell and Dr. Charles Ramcharan for their input as well. My appreciation goes out to Dr.
    [Show full text]