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Putting the Human Face on Climate Change Perspectives from Nunavut

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Putting the Human Face on Climate Change Perspectives from Nunavut D_156997_Nunavut_Cover 11/21/05 1:33 PM Page 1 UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES FROM NUNAVUT COMMUNITIES UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVES FROM NUNAVUT COMMUNITIES Workshop Team: The Communities of Arctic Bay, Kugaaruk and Repulse Bay Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK) Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health and Changing Environments, Public Health Research Unit, CHUL/ Université Laval Ajunnginiq Centre, National Aboriginal Health Organization (NAHO) Nunavut Research Institute (NRI) Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), McGill University Funded by: Northern Ecosystem Initiative, Environment Canada Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami * This workshop is part of a larger project entitled Identifying, Selecting and Monitoring Indicators for Climate Change in Nunavik and Labrador, funded by NEI, Environment Canada This report should be cited as: Communities of Arctic Bay, Kugaaruk and Repulse Bay, Nickels, S., Furgal, C., Buell, M., Moquin, H. 2005. Unikkaaqatigiit – Putting the Human Face on Climate Change: Perspectives from Nunavut. Ottawa: Joint publication of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Nasivvik Centre for Inuit Health and Changing Environments at Université Laval and the Ajunnginiq Centre at the National Aboriginal Health Organization. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Nw9oQx6ymJ6 si4√6 . 1 1.0 Summary . 2 2.0 Acknowledgements . 3 3.0 Introduction . 4 4.0 Methods . 4 4.1 Pre-Workshop Methods . 4 4.2 During the Workshop . 5 4.3 Summarizing Workshop Observations. 6 5.0 Observations. 6 5.1 Regional (Common) Concerns . 6 Changes to Weather . 7 Changes in the Sky . 9 Changes to Landscape. 9 Changes to Land and Vegetation . 10 Changes to Fauna . 11 Changes to Insects. 11 Increased Stress and Awareness . 11 5.2 Community-Specific Concerns . 13 Arctic Bay . 13 Kuugaruk . 14 Repulse Bay . 15 5.3 New and Unusual Bird Life . 16 6.0 Going Forward . 16 6.1 Community Adaptations . 16 6.2 Resources and Equipment . 18 6.3 Communication and Information Dissemination . 19 6.4 Recommendations . 19 7.0 Conclusions & Recommendations . 20 8.0 Appendix . 21 !.) 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X3N4X9ox/Exv6g5. kNø5 x7m xF4g6ymJ5 xgi N1ui4f5 x4g6bs?9oxJ5 W9lq5. b8N cspmo6- ≠ kNv6goµ5 sv6S5 y1¨5 xs4X9oxq8N6g5 bK5 wk1i5 vtmJi5 x7m kNK7usi5 yK9osd/6 h4vJu4 xs/4f5. kNv6g5 Ns÷i, x7m ƒÛD3u ≈6rsm/Exci6 ©CElA WoExaQxco6g6. W/- sv6g5 y3¨1i5 x7m yfgci5 wu6b6X4S5. Exco6SA5 X3Nsti4. gn6X9ox/K5 kNø1i5 x7m ≠ kNv6goµ5 g4g5 ieq8i4 x9Msiv6gi4 xF4g6ymJi5 x?t5t8i yM5t1i W?9oxJ5 xg6b- bf?o1iC6S5. Ns÷i, x7m ƒÛD3u sv6g5 sd/K5 Z?mK5 yKos6tK5 r[Û6gwlt4 kNo1i, g4gq5 nl1i6ns?o6g5. x?4g6ymJi, x7m vNbu WoExk5 WoEQxd?K5. x7ml yM3Jx3u kN3Jx3u gn6bslt4. UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE | P1 1.0 SUMMARY • All communities indicated that glaciers that used to remain throughout the year now melt During 2004-2005, workshops were carried more often during the summer. Despite out in three Nunavut communities to collect this change, residents in Repulse Bay and observations on climate change. These commu- Kuggaruk still reported that glaciers and nities were Arctic Bay, Kugaaruk and Repulse “old ice” are still used as sources for Bay. Each workshop brought together repre- drinking water. sentatives from the communities to discuss, • Residents from all communities indicated through a series of guided discussions, the that they are observing an increase in the changes that the people of Nunavut are seeing number of abnormalities in caribou meat. In in their environment, the impacts or effects both Repulse Bay and Kugaaruk, residents these changes are having and how they have also indicated that caribou are thinner then already started to adapt or how they can best they used to be. respond or adapt to them in the future. The community workshop reports show what As part of a larger project, workshops were the people of Nunavut require in order to similarly held in the Inuvialuit Settlement develop further adaptation measures and to Region, Labrador and Nunavik. A key goal of minimize the effects of climate change. These these workshops was to build local capacity to include such things as: implement and carry out future environmental change workshops and research in communities • Changing certain ways of doing things to in the region. In fact, in line with this goal, adapt to changes in the environment. For capacity building was successfully accomplished example, residents in Repulse Bay are within the Inuvialuit portion of this project, as setting nets in different locations to avoid regional representatives there assumed greater the increase in sediments that have occurred responsibility throughout the successive work- in certain parts of lakes. People in this com- shops and in the end, were responsible for munity have similarly adapted to the increase leading and facilitating the two latter community in floating seaweed causing damage to workshops themselves. boat engines by simply avoiding areas of water where seaweed is more present. By summarizing the main concerns of three • Changing the times and manner of hunting Nunavut communities, this report shows that: because of changes observed in weather or • In these three communities, the heat from wildlife. To accommodate for changes in the sun is warmer than it used to be and in the location and migration of certain animals, general temperatures are tending to fluctuate residents are hunting certain animals earlier more in all communities. in the season and have begun sharing country food between communities. • The appearance of the sky over Nunavut has changed. The sky appears whiter, • An increase in the number of abnormalities hazier and less blue, even on clear days in caribou meat has meant that people today. In addition, there have been specific have to be more careful about the meat observations that stars, the sun and the they are consuming and more meat is moon have shifted location in the sky. now being discarded because of changes observed in meat. • The ice has become thinner across the region of Nunavut and residents in all three com- •Bringing ample supplies and equipment munities have noticed that the ice break-up when traveling out on the land to ensure in the spring is earlier and occurring faster. that people are safe if weather happens to This has made travel in the spring more force people to be stranded on the land. difficult to plan for. P2 | UNIKKAAQATIGIIT: PUTTING THE HUMAN FACE ON CLIMATE CHANGE • Faster boats and new equipment are view of the region and from that of the indi- needed in some cases, because of changes vidual community, since not all environmental in harvesting practices as well as with the changes affect each area in the same way. From unpredictability of weather and high winds. these findings, the proper course of action and appropriate resources can be directed to the Throughout these workshops, a number areas of concern that the people of Nunavut of recommendations, requests for more feel are the most pressing. Finally, this report resources, increased communication and was written in anticipation that these
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