DOCSLIB.ORG

Lighting for Cinema

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lighting for Cinema SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) Page | 1 LIGHTING FOR CINEMA UNIT-III LUMINANCE 3.2 LIGHT FITTINGS PART-4 SPOT LIGHTS & ITS TYPE Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) 3.2) (PART-4) INTRODUCTION TO LED LIGHTS Page | 2 Even though you might not know the exact definition of spotlight, you have surely seen them being used: either in an Film making where one particular character or detail was highlighted by a special light, or in a theatre play where most likely combinations of different spotlights or at least one single spotlight was used to illuminate the performance. In fact, the light coming out of your flashlight can also be considered a spotlight. It is just a smaller type of one. Not to get into too scientific details and definitions, spotlight is a particular light source that produces cone of light. Each cone of light sent out by a spotlight has its own volume. The main purpose of a spotlight is to illuminate a particular object or group of objects that are located in this conical volume. ➢ Features of Spot Light • A very strong light source; • Attached to a manual device that changes the intensity of the light; • Comes with a lens that can be manually focused; • Comes equipped with an “iris” for adjusting the angle of the beam. ➢ Types of Spot Light Although being slightly different from the “common” lights, spotlights have undergone as much improvements and technological transformations as other types of lamps. Thus far there are seven categories of spotlights divided considering their functional qualities: • Ellipsoidal spotlight. This is the most common of all seven types of spotlights. It produces round-shaped beam of light but it also can be easily adjusted and changed by using different iris, gobo or shutters with it. • Fresnel spotlight. Spotlight which received its name after Augustine Fresnel, the designer of so called Fresnel Lens. It functions similarly as flood light illuminating one concentrated area. However it lacks many of the benefits of other lightings e.g. it is not possible to change the patterns of Fresnel spotlight. • The piano convex. Invented in late 19th century, this is the oldest of all the spotlight technologies. Since the spotlights have evolved to a lot more complex and easily adjustable versions, you will rarely see this type of spotlight to be used in grand events. Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) • Beam projector. This spotlight works without any lens producing very direct and strong beams of light. • Follow spot lights. Mainly used in theatre performances when a light has to follow a moving object (such as actor). This light and its trajectory are usually operated by a person, not an automatically controlled system. • Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR) spotlight. This is known to be one of top options in the entertainment industry for stage lighting. Every PAR spotlight consists of filament, reflector and lens aligned in fixed positions. • Parabolic Aluminized Reflector pin spotlight. It’s a low voltage PAR spotlight which produces a lot more concentrated and narrower beam of light than regular PAR spotlight and it is used to illuminate smaller details and objects such as the face of a performer. ➢ Use Of Spot Light : As said, you will rarely see spotlights being used for household purposes yet it should not be denied that you might find yourself in a situation where you actually need a light that produces more focused and narrower beam than a flood light. Mainly the spotlights are widely used to illuminate stage & Film Set and hence in every theatre, opera- house, concert-hall, and ballet having different spotlights is a must. Since by using a spotlight it is easier to highlight a particular object, they are also used in museums and art exhibitions when there is a need to shed light on a single object. To know how to organize and manage lighting of a stage and performance is surely not an easy task and that is why every entertainment and art establishment hires professional illuminator – a person operating lights and creating lighting solutions for every particular case. ➢ Difference between spotlight and flood light : If you have read the notes this far, you are probably still a bit confused. If spotlight functions similarly as flood light producing concentrated beam of light, then where is the great difference between these two? For this case the answer is very simple and it lies in a single aspect that nevertheless makes these two types of lamp completely dissimilar. Every spotlight regardless its type and other adjustments creates narrow beam of light which does not exceed 45 degrees whereas flood light makes light which can make a beam of up to 120 degrees. Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) It means that beam of flood light simply is wider than the one produced by spotlight. Thereby the functions of each of these lamps are also slightly different. Spotlights are the best to use if you have to point out a particular object but flood lights is the best option for illuminating larger amount of space. Both of them consume around the same amount of wattage and can produce similar amount of lumens, so you basically have to assess the situation and see whether you want to light just a single object or much wider area. Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (BACHELOR VOCATIONAL IN FILM MAKING) Topic : Spot Lights & its type By : Tushar Chand Shubham .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide for Lighting the Stage
    A Guide for Lighting the Stage visual environment technologies | etcconnect.com ETC® and ColorSource are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Electronic Theatre Controls, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, both marked and not marked, are the property of their respective owners. This content may be used, copied and freely distributed for educational purposes without written permission from ETC. Introduction The aim of this guide is to help teachers better understand and explain the basic elements of stage lighting. This resource is intended to supplement existing teaching materials, providing additional information and relevant product examples to add colour to lessons and presentations. The content can be applied to a variety of venues, including school halls, drama studios, college and university venues, dance venues, village halls, arts centres, concerts and student television studios. The following chapters cover basic illumination techniques using the ColorSource family of products from ETC and provide a pathway towards more artistic lighting designs. The guide is supported by an optional set of posters, available from ETC (send an email to [email protected] to request a poster set). Founded in 1975, ETC is a global leader in the manufacture of lighting and rigging technology for entertainment and architectural applications. ETC products are found in small and large venues worldwide. All ETC products are made to the same high standards, which is why they are used in so many professional and amateur venues. The ETC ColorSource family of equipment delivers LED lighting on a budget by offering high quality lighting, data distribution and power control in a plug- and-play format.
    [Show full text]
  • These Definitions Are Provided Courtesy of Altman Stage Lighting, Inc
    LIGHTING TERMS GLOSSARY A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Accent Light Illumination used to make something stand out. It may be done with intensity and/or color. A luminaire that provides such illumination. Amp an abridged version of Ampere. Amperage (A) The measure of electrical current in amperes. Ampere(A) A unit of measurement for Electrical Current. AMX Abbreviation for Analog Multiplex. Analog Multiplex (AMX) A system that simultaneously transmits more than one analog signal. Analog Signal A continuous communication signal where the amplitude or frequency of the voltage and/or current takes any value within a range of values. ANSI Abbreviation for American National Standards Institute. ANSI Code A three letter system that has been devised to describe lamps of different manufacture but the same application. The letters have no relationship to lamp description, but the same letters always designate the same type of lamp. Some of the application parameters they define are wattage, base type, envelope size, and light center length. Arc The light caused by an electrical discharge between two electrodes in a gas such as xenon, argon, or air. The first usable arc as a practical light source was developed in 1809 by Sir Humphrey Davy. Automated Light A luminaire that is robotic, i.e., certain functions such as panning, tilting, focusing, dimming, beam shaping and coloring, etc., are motorized and remotely operated from a control console. Axial A term used to describe a luminaire whose lamp is mounted on the same axis as its optical system.
    [Show full text]
  • Backstage Lighting Terminology
    Break-out: Adapter consisting of multiple receptacles (FM) wired to a single multipin (M) connector; may be a box or a cable assembly. Synonym: Break-out Box, Fan-out Burn Out: Failed lamp or color media that is burned through Channel: Specific control parameter encompassing single or multiple device attributes (lighting dimmers, audio signals, etc.) controlled as a unit Lighting and Electrics Terminology (A-Le) Channel Hookup: Paperwork designating the connection of Adapter: Electrical accessory that transitions between dimmer circuits to channels of control dissimilar connectors; may be a molded unit, box or cable assembly Circuit: Path for electricity to flow from the source, through a conductor, to a device(s) Amperes: Unit of measure for the quantity of electricity flowing in a conductor. Synonym: A, Amp, Current Circuit Breaker: Mechanical/Electrical device that is designed to automatically open (trip) if the current exceeds the rated Automated Luminaire: Lighting instrument with attributes level protecting the circuit; may be operated manually that are remotely controlled. Synonym: Automated Fixture, Synonym: Breaker, CB, OCPD, Overcurrent Protective Device Automated Light, Computerized Light, Intelligent Light, Motorized Light, Mover, Moving Light Color Extender: Top hat with color media holder. Synonym: Gel Extender Backlight: A lighting source that is behind the talent or subject from the viewers perspective. Synonym: Backs, Back Color Frame: Metal or heat resistant device that holds the Wash, Bx, Hair Light, Rim Light color media in front of a luminaire. Synonym: Gel Frame Balcony Rail: Lighting position mounted in front of or on the Color Media: Translucent material used to color light face of the balcony.
    [Show full text]
  • A GLOSSARY of THEATRE TERMS © Peter D
    A GLOSSARY OF THEATRE TERMS © Peter D. Lathan 1996-1999 http://www.schoolshows.demon.co.uk/resources/technical/gloss1.htm Above the title In advertisements, when the performer's name appears before the title of the show or play. Reserved for the big stars! Amplifier Sound term. A piece of equipment which ampilifies or increases the sound captured by a microphone or replayed from record, CD or tape. Each loudspeaker needs a separate amplifier. Apron In a traditional theatre, the part of the stage which projects in front of the curtain. In many theatres this can be extended, sometimes by building out over the pit (qv). Assistant Director Assists the Director (qv) by taking notes on all moves and other decisions and keeping them together in one copy of the script (the Prompt Copy (qv)). In some companies this is done by the Stage Manager (qv), because there is no assistant. Assistant Stage Manager (ASM) Another name for stage crew (usually, in the professional theatre, also an understudy for one of the minor roles who is, in turn, also understudying a major role). The lowest rung on the professional theatre ladder. Auditorium The part of the theatre in which the audience sits. Also known as the House. Backing Flat A flat (qv) which stands behind a window or door in the set (qv). Banjo Not the musical instrument! A rail along which a curtain runs. Bar An aluminium pipe suspended over the stage on which lanterns are hung. Also the place where you will find actors after the show - the stage crew will still be working! Barn Door An arrangement of four metal leaves placed in front of the lenses of certain kinds of spotlight to control the shape of the light beam.
    [Show full text]
  • Masterspin ®
    WARRANTY Altman Stage Lighting Co., Inc., herein referred MASTERSPIN ® to as Altman, guarantees this product to be free of defects in materials and workmanship as follows: UL LISTED—GOBO ROTATOR This warranty extends to the original purchaser of this product for 12 months after the date of shipment. The warranty is limited to rectifying any such defect and/or replacing such INSTRUCTIONS defectiVe part, that an authorized Altman AND representatiVe determines by inspection to be WARRANTY defectiVe in material and/or workmanship. Requests for warranty work must be made in writing to Altman Stage Lighting Co., Inc., Attn: Customer SerVice, 57 Alexander Street, Yonkers, NY 10701, U.S.A. The product must be returned (shipping prepaid) and in original packaging to the above address along with a Valid RMA number obtained from Altman. MasterSpin® Warranty services will not include “In Field Labor” costs for the installation of this product. Is a registered trademark of Altman Stage Lighting. This warranty is Void and Altman assumes no Specifications are subject to change without responsibility for damage or faulty notice. performance on any product that has been Product is distributed by: improperly installed, oVerloaded, short circuited, abused, or altered in any manner. Altman Stage Lighting Co., Inc. 57 Alexander Street Distributed by: Neither the seller nor the manufacturer shall Yonkers, NY 10701 Phone (914) 476-7987 be liable for any injury loss or damage, direct Fax (914) 963-7304 Altman Stage Lighting Co., Inc. or consequential, arising out of the use of or the inability to use the product. No other 120VAC Version UL Listed for user exclusively with 57 Alexander Street Altman Master Ellipse and Micro Ellipse warranty, expressed or implied, is giVen and no Luminaires.
    [Show full text]
  • Stage Lighting Technician Handbook
    The Stage Lighting Technician’s Handbook A compilation of general knowledge and tricks of the lighting trade Compiled by Freelancers in the entertainment lighting industry The Stage Lighting Technician's Handbook Stage Terminology: Learning Objectives/Outcomes. Understanding directions given in context as to where a job or piece of equipment is to be located. Applying these terms in conjunction with other disciplines to perform the work as directed. Lighting Terms: Learning Objectives/Outcome Learning the descriptive terms used in the use and handling of different types of lighting equipment. Applying these terms, as to the location and types of equipment a stagehand is expected to handle. Electrical Safety: Learning Objectives/Outcomes. Learning about the hazards, when one works with electricity. Applying basic safety ideas, to mitigate ones exposure to them in the field. Electricity: Learning Objectives/Outcomes. Learning the basic concepts of what electricity is and its components. To facilitate ones ability to perform the mathematics to compute loads, wattages and the like in order to safely assemble, determine electrical needs and solve problems. Lighting Equipment Learning Objectives/Outcomes. Recognize the different types of lighting equipment, use’s and proper handling. Gain basic trouble shooting skills to successfully complete a task. Build a basic understanding of applying these skills in the different venues that we work in to competently complete assigned tasks. On-sight Lighting Techniques Learning Objectives/Outcomes. Combing the technical knowledge previously gained to execute lighting request while on site, whether in a ballroom or theatre. Approaches, to lighting a presentation to aspects of theatrical lighting to meet a client’s expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Principles and Techniques of Lighting
    Lighting 102 Basic Principles and Techniques of Lighting by John J. Rankin VINCENTLIGHTING.COM 1 /" -Ê"Ê-/ Ê/ The following criteria should be used to determine if stage lighting is necessary and effective. £°Ê 6- /9 Visibility is a very important function of stage lighting. The audience should be able to see exactly what you want them to see, or not see those things that should remain hidden. Therefore, we might rename this function as “selective visibility.” An example of selective visibility can be found in the play, Wait Until Dark by Frederick Knott. A blind woman is terrorized by a murderer hiding in her apartment. To even her odds against him, she smashes all of the light bulbs thus plunging him - and the audience - into darkness. The action is revealed verbally and occasionally visually with flashlights, matches, and a very surprising source of light at the climax of the play. Ó°Ê , 6 /" Ê"Ê", Similar to selective visibility, revealing the form of the actor, dancer, or speaker will make them stand out from their background. Using techniques described later in this article, you will be able to make the subject appear natural and be the focus of attention for the viewers. For example, when lighting a ballet it is important for the stage lighting to reveal the form of the dancers. The audience wishes to see the dancers move through the space and stand apart from the background. Lighting ballet has been described as “lighting fish in an aquarium.” Light is the same as water in this metaphor.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Efficiency – HID Lighting
    PDHonline Course E423 (5 PDH) Energy Efficiency High Intensity Discharge Lighting Instructor: Lee Layton, P.E 2014 PDH Online | PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.PDHonline.org www.PDHcenter.com An Approved Continuing Education Provider www.PDHcenter.com PDHonline Course E423 www.PDHonline.org Energy Efficiency High Intensity Discharge Lighting Lee Layton, P.E Table of Contents Section Page Introduction ………………………………….….. 3 Chapter 1, Lighting Market ………………….….. 5 Chapter 2, Fundamentals of Lighting ………….... 16 Chapter 3, Characteristics of HID Lighting……... 28 Chapter 4, Types of HID Lighting……………..... 37 Summary ……………………………………..…. 66 © Lee Layton. Page 2 of 66 www.PDHcenter.com PDHonline Course E423 www.PDHonline.org Introduction Gas-discharge lamps are light sources that generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas. The character of the gas discharge depends on the pressure of the gas as well as the frequency of the current. High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting provides the highest efficacy and longest service life of any lighting type. It can save 75%-90% of lighting energy when it replaces incandescent lighting. Figure 1 shows a typical high-intensity discharge lamp. In a high-intensity discharge lamp, electricity arcs between two electrodes, creating an intensely bright light. Usually a gas of mercury, sodium, or metal halide acts as the conductor. HID lamps use an electric arc to produce intense light. Like fluorescent lamps, they require ballasts. They also take up to 10 minutes to produce light when first turned on because the ballast needs time to establish the electric arc.
    [Show full text]
  • Lights and Lasers May Be Used As a Visual Effect
    PURPOSE 1 Stage lighting has multiple functions, including: • Selective visibility: The ability to see what is occurring on stage. Any lighting design will be ineffective if the viewers cannot see the characters, unless this is the explicit intent. • Revelation of form: Altering the perception of shapes onstage, particularly three- dimensional stage elements. • Focus: Directing the audience's attention to an area of the stage or distracting them from another. • Mood: Setting the tone of a scene. Harsh red light has a different effect than soft lavender light. • Location and time of day: Establishing or altering position in time and space. Blues can suggest night time while orange and red can suggest a sunrise or sunset. Use of mechanical filters ("gobos") to project sky scenes, the Moon, etc. • Projection/stage elements: Lighting may be used to project scenery or to act as scenery onstage. • Plot (script): A lighting event may trigger or advance the action onstage and off. • Composition: Lighting may be used to show only the areas of the stage which the designer wants the audience to see, and to "paint a picture".[4][5] • Effect: In pop and rock concerts or DJ shows or raves, colored lights and lasers may be used as a visual effect. Lighting design is an art form, and thus no one way is the "correct" way. There is a modern movement that states that the lighting design helps to create the environment in which the action takes place while supporting the style of the piece. "Mood" is arguable while the environment is essential. 1) Selective visiblity: The #1 function of light is to see, to illuminate, to make visible to the nake human eye.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings Ofthe 7Th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting
    Proceedings ofthe 7th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting Technische Universität Darmstadt Laboratory of Lighting Technology Published by Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Tran Quoc Khanh in the Series Darmstädter Lichttechnik Volume 12 Off Herbert Utz Verlag Wissenschaft München Index Conference Programme Presentation Session A A1 Accident Research A1.1 Investigation on the influence of car lighting on nighttime 1 accidents in Germany D. Hendrik Schabe, Dr. Frank Schierge A1.2 Static and Dynamic Headlighting: Implications of Nighttime 6 Pedestrian Crash Geometry John M Sullivan, Michael J Flannagan, The University of Michigan, USA A1.3 Portfolio of Solution of Pedestrian Friendly HDLP During 15 the Crash Pavel Kunzl, Vladimir Dobrus A2 Regulations & Standards A2.1 Performance-Based Aspects of Motor Vehicle Lighting 24 Regulations Michael J. Flannagan and Michael Sivak A2.2 Approval Requirements for a Front-Lighting System with 31 Variable Cut-Off Line in Europe Jan Holger Sprute, Tran Quoc Khanh, Technische Universität Darmstadt A2.3 An Overview of Recent and Future Changes to the ECE 38 Automotive Lighting Regulations Wilfried van Laarhoven - KEMA Quality B.V. - The Netherlands A2.4 Development of criteria for the rating of vehicle lighting 47 with respect to an NCAP for active safety Karsten Klinger, Dieter Kooß, Karl Manz, Uli Lemmer © ISAL 2007 Symposium; Technische Universität Darmstadt Index A3 LED A3.1 LED technology in headlamps - extend lighting functions 55 and new styling possibilities Michael Kleinkes, Karsten Eichhorn, Norbert
    [Show full text]
  • 52927614.Pdf
    STAGE LIGHTING AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING A TH E S IS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND THE INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS OF BILKENT UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF AAASTER OF FINE ARTS By Hüsnü Aydın Ozatilgan June, 1 9 9 4 PN 209{ .tu оъг \щ Б.023425 I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is full adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. Assoc. Prof. Dr.)Ceng/z Yener (Advisor) I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is full adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. I certify that I have read this thesis and that in my opinion it is full adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Fine Arts. Assoc. Prof. D r^ ld irim Ygvuz Approved by the Institute of Fine Arts Prof. Dr. Bülent Özgüç Director of the Institute of Fine Arts ABSTRACT STAGE UGHTrNG AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING Aydın Özatılgan M .F.A . in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design Supen/isor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cengiz Yener May 1 9 9 4 In this work, fundamentals of stage lighting are analyzed along with their historical and technological background. It is stated that there is an influence of stage lighting on architectural lighting. Consequently it is stated that stage lighting is the basis of architectural lighting and there is an important interaction between them.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Efficient Stage Lighting
    Design Guide Energy Efficient Stage Lighting Building on the introductory fact sheet on energy Setting an overall power limit on In order to estimate the energy requirements efficient stage lighting, this design guide aims to the rig of the rig for your performance, map out each provide a more in depth overview of energy efficient luminaire used for the performance. Tvhe table stage lighting design opportunities. In order to set an overall power limit on the rig, you below demonstrates an example power requirement need to know your power requirements. Energy check for a two hour performance (the number of Theatrical lighting gear is changing at a very fast efficiency should be considered at all stages of the instruments and percentage of show time used rate and newer, more efficient technologies are lighting design of a production. Our checklist on may not be representative for a real performance). increasingly gaining popularity. The greatest energy efficient lighting design of stage productions challenge in implementing energy efficiency provides a good framework for integrating energy measures in lighting design is to achieve balance efficiency into designing the plot. Lighting W/ No. of % show kwh between visual artistic outcomes and energy Instruments Instrument Instruments time consumption. The first step toward reducing the stage lighting on Rig power consumption for a performance is to Given that the creative integrity of the lighting estimate your current power requirements Profile’s 800 8 60 7.68 design is not affected, energy efficiency actions considering the following aspects: may include: • What is the estimated show running time? • Setting an overall power limit on the rig Fresnel’s 1200 10 60 19.2 • Approximately what is the total number of stage • Equipping the rig with the least amount of light lights to be used? sources as possible Par Cans 100 10 80 1.6 • Approximately what is the total number of spot • Designing a mixed rig of both old and new lights to be used? Wash 300 9 70 3.78 lighting technologies.
    [Show full text]