DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Renewable Sources for the Energy Consumption in Malta in the Mediterranean Sea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Renewable Sources for the Energy Consumption in Malta in the Mediterranean Sea energies Article Assessment of Renewable Sources for the Energy Consumption in Malta in the Mediterranean Sea Vincenzo Franzitta *, Domenico Curto, Daniele Milone and Davide Rao Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo (UNIPA), 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (D.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-091-238-61941 Academic Editor: Francesco Asdrubali Received: 24 September 2016; Accepted: 28 November 2016; Published: 8 December 2016 Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy production in the Maltese islands, focusing on the employment of renewable energies in order to increase their energy independence. The main renewable source here proposed is wave energy: thanks to a strategic position, Malta will be able to produce electrical energy using an innovative type of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) based on the prototype of a linear generator realized by University of Palermo. The use of this new technology will be able to cut down the electrical energy production from traditional power plants and, consequently, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Wave energy source and off-shore photovoltaic (PV) technology are here proposed. Particularly, the installation of 12 wave farms, for a total installed capacity of 86 MW, will generate about 9.5% of Malta’s energy requirement in 2025, while the installation of 9.6 MW of off-shore PV will generate about 0.73%. Keywords: wave energy; renewable energy; Mediterranean Sea; Wave Energy Converter (WEC); point absorber; Malta 1. Introduction The electrical power production is almost completely based on diesel generators in many islands in the Mediterranean Sea [1]. The fuel is usually shipped by mainland and long underwater cables sometimes connect the small islands to the mainland [2]. Due to these reasons, in small islands, the electrical power production shows higher operating costs and losses than in mainland [3]. The use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as solar, wind, biomass and sea wave, will produce a reduction in energy dependence on fossil fuels and the improvement of the efficiency of the electrical grid [4]. The RES also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental pollution. After the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, the European Community undertook measures to cut its GHG emissions by 8% of 1990 levels [5]. According to the European Directive 2009/28/EC (Annex I), Malta is required to produce 10% of its energy from RES in gross final consumption by 2020 [6,7]. Malta’s target is considerable, although it is lower than other European Countries, because Malta presents quite particular conditions, such as other Mediterranean islands: high population density, limited available land and an ever increasing electricity demand. In order to achieve the environmental and energetic targets [8], Malta will have to use all available renewable sources [9]. Moreover, Malta’s electrical grid needs several developments in order to minimize the electrical problems caused by varying power outputs of RES, such as wind, solar and sea wave [10]. The following Figure1 shows the properties of the future grid. Every available RES will be used to produce electrical energy [11]. In order to match the electrical load and the electrical production by RES, new innovative storage systems have to be developed. Energies 2016, 9, 1034; doi:10.3390/en9121034 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Energies 2016, 9, 1034 2 of 17 Energies 2016, 9, 1034 2 of 17 Figure 1. Electrical grid with main RES and storage systems.systems. Among various RES, in the last years the wave energy source, thanks to its great potential, has Among various RES, in the last years the wave energy source, thanks to its great potential, has sparked great interest, evidenced by several prototypes and researches [12]. This work analyses the sparked great interest, evidenced by several prototypes and researches [12]. This work analyses the wave energy source along Malta’s coasts, which can be exploited to produce electrical energy using wave energy source along Malta’s coasts, which can be exploited to produce electrical energy using an an innovative Point Absorber, which directly converts the mechanical energy of sea wave into innovative Point Absorber, which directly converts the mechanical energy of sea wave into electrical electrical output, minimizing the energetic conversion losses [13]. This system is based on a new output, minimizing the energetic conversion losses [13]. This system is based on a new linear generator linear generator prototype realized by Department of Energy of University of Palermo (Italy). prototype realized by Department of Energy of University of Palermo (Italy). In particular, Section 2 of this paper reports some geographical and climate data about Malta’s In particular, Section2 of this paper reports some geographical and climate data about Malta’s archipelago. Section 3 analyzes the electrical energy demand in Malta during the last years. Section 4 archipelago. Section3 analyzes the electrical energy demand in Malta during the last years. Section4 describes the sea wave energy potential along Maltese coasts. Section 5 describes an energy converter, describes the sea wave energy potential along Maltese coasts. Section5 describes an energy converter, designed and developed by Palermo University, able to exploit wave and solar sources at the same designed and developed by Palermo University, able to exploit wave and solar sources at the same time. Finally, Section 6 proposes an energetic scenario based on the energy converter of Palermo time. Finally, Section6 proposes an energetic scenario based on the energy converter of Palermo University, evaluating the annual electrical production and the avoided CO2 emissions. University, evaluating the annual electrical production and the avoided CO2 emissions. 2. Maltese Archipelago Malta’s CountryCountry is an archipelago, locatedlocated inin thethe middlemiddle ofof thethe MediterraneanMediterranean Sea.Sea. It is situated at 80 km south of Sicily, 284 km east of Tunisia and 333 km north of Libya. The capital city is is Valletta, Valletta, withwith thethe geographicalgeographical coordinatescoordinates 35◦°53’53’ N–14N–14°35’◦35’ E. It is situated in the largestlargest islandisland (called(called alsoalso Malta) ofof thethe archipelago,archipelago, asas shownshown inin FigureFigure2 2.. 2 Malta covers an an overall overall area area of of 316 316 km km, 2so, soit is it one is one of the of thesmallest smallest European European Countries. Countries. The 2 TheMaltese Maltese Archipelago Archipelago is characterized is characterized by by a ahigh high population population density density (1318 (1318 in./km2, ,2012). 2012). The The main islandisland (Malta) (Malta) has has a apopulation population of ofabout about 368,250 368,250 inhabitants inhabitants (2012), (2012), while while the total the population total population is about is about416,515 416,515 inhabitants inhabitants (2012). (2012). The Maltese The Maltese Archipelago Archipelago is composed is composed by several by several islands, islands, but butonly only the 2 2 2 thebiggest biggest three three of them of them are populated: are populated: Malta MaltaIsland Island(245.8 km (245.8), Gozo km2 ),(67.1 Gozo km (67.1) and km Comino2) and (2.8 Comino km ), (2.8as shown km2), asin shown Figure in 2. Figure The 2archipelago. The archipelago includes includes also 18 also uninhabited 18 uninhabited smal smallerler islands. islands. There There are arenumerous numerous bays bays along along the theindent indenteded coastline coastline of the of theislands. islands. Malta’s islands are mainly rocky, withwith terracedterraced fields,fields, drydry vegetation,vegetation, rockrock andand limestone.limestone. InIn the Maltese Archipelago, permanent rivers or lakes areare absent; during autumn and winter, rainsrains formform torrents.torrents. TheThe annual rainfall in Malta is low, aboutabout 578578 mmmm perper year. In order toto overcome thethe limitedlimited availability of water in thethe inhabitedinhabited islandsislands ofof Malta,Malta, sixsix desalinationdesalination plants are installed,installed, two of whichwhich areare alwaysalways on.on. Energies 2016, 9, 1034 3 of 17 Energies 2016, 9, 1034 3 of 17 Figure 2. View of the Maltese Archipelago. Figure 2. View of the Maltese Archipelago. Due to its latitude and the central location in the Mediterranean Sea, Malta has a Subtropical DueMediterranean to its latitude climate and with the very central mild winters location and in warm the Mediterraneansummers. The average Sea, Maltayearly hastemperature a Subtropical is Mediterraneanaround 23 °C climate during withthe day very and mild 16 °C winters in the night. and January warm is summers. the coldest The month average of the year, yearly while temperature August is aroundis the 23 hottest.◦C during The average the day annual and 16temperature◦C in the of night. the sea January is 20 °C, ranging is the coldest from 15 monthto 16 °C ofin February the year, to while August26 °C is thein August. hottest. Winters The average in Malta annualare usually temperature mild, but during of the the sea wint iser 20 months◦C, ranging it tends fromto get 15windy to 16 ◦C from wind blowing from the north-east and with a main maximum speed about 80 km/h [14]. Concerning in February to 26 ◦C in August. Winters in Malta are usually mild, but during the winter months it the solar radiation, in Malta there are about 3000 sunlight hours per year, with a minimum daily average tendsof to 5.2 get h in windy December from to winda maximum blowing daily from average the of north-east 12 h in July and [15]. with a main maximum speed about 80 km/h [14]. Concerning the solar radiation, in Malta there are about 3000 sunlight hours per year, with a3. minimumElectrical Energy daily averageProduction of 5.2in Malta h in December to a maximum daily average of 12 h in July [15]. 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download the Agro Katina Report
    This Agro Katina report is the product of Friends of the Earth Malta’s research into the local vegetable and fruit supply chain and the agricultural sector in Malta. This research was conducted in the context of the Supply Cha!nge project, which strives to find solutions to the growing challenge of reducing environmental impacts and improving working conditions along the supply chain of supermarkets. The project was financed by the EU and the Ministry for Social Dialogue, Consumer Affairs, and Civil Liberties. Friends of the Earth Malta strongly believes in shorter supply chains, as these have a positive impact on local farmers, strengthen local economies and small business, and bring the public closer to their food sources. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Supply Cha!nge project and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Website : foemalta.org Email : [email protected] Facebook : facebook.com/foemalta Friends of the Earth Malta is a Maltese non-government organisation, member of an International network of NGOs, which strives to promote sustainable development and to ensure that human activities do not harm other living creatures. Friends of the Earth Malta engages in vibrant campaigns, raises awareness, and mobilises people to participate in public decision making. October 2017 Research & reporting : Suzanne Maas, Friends of the Earth Malta Data collection : Antoine Borg Micallef, Friends of the Earth Malta Photography : Lara Calleja Design : madebynoko.com Table of Contents SUMMARY 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 11. the Arabs in Malta. 870-1150. S. Fiorini
    Melita Classica Vol. 3 2016 Journal of the Malta Classics Association Melita Classica Melita Classica Vol. 3 2016 Journal of the Malta Classics Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing by the publisher. Melita Classica Vol. 3, 2016 Text © Malta Classics Association Design and layout © Book Distributors Limited ISBN: 978-99957-847-4-4 Malta Classics Association, The Department of Classics and Archaeology, Archaeology Farmhouse, Car park 6, University of Malta, Msida [email protected] www.classicsmalta.org CONTENTS Editorial 9 Opening Adresses 11 Sanskrit: The Philosophy Michael Zammit 23 The Role of Slaves in Roman Land Surveying Levente Takács 33 Themistocles as a trickster in Herodotus Nijole Juchneviciene 45 Drawing Distinctions in theLaches: the Elenchus as search Jurgen Gatt 63 Aristotle on History Vita Paparinska 85 Changed Forms, Migrating Identities: Ovid’s Metamorphoses and the Posthuman Gloria Lauri-Lucente 101 The Appropriation of the Classical Pastoral Elegy in Milton’s Lycidas, and Beyond Peter Vassallo 117 Ferrying Nothingness: the Charon motif in Murnau’s Nosferatu and Dreyer’s Vampyr Saviour Catania 125 Byzantine Greek on Maltese soil: evidence from Tristia ex Melitogaudo Jerker Blomqvist 141 Ovid on Gozo? Metamorphoses as a source for the Tristia ex Melitogaudo Stephen J. Harrison 169 Οἱ Παῖδες Ἄγαρ Ἀθέου The Arabs in Malta: 870-1150 Stanley Fiorini and Martin R. Zammit 179 Ḍuriba bi-Mālṭa ‘Minted in Malta’: deciphering the Kufic legend on the Fāṭimid quarter dinar Martin R.
    [Show full text]
  • 7300Years of Vegetation History and Climate for NW Malta: a Holocene
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Clim. Past Discuss., 11, 4505–4567, 2015 www.clim-past-discuss.net/11/4505/2015/ doi:10.5194/cpd-11-4505-2015 CPD © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 11, 4505–4567, 2015 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). 7300 years of Please refer to the corresponding final paper in CP if available. vegetation history and climate for NW 7300 years of vegetation history and Malta: a Holocene perspective climate for NW Malta: a Holocene B. Gambin et al. perspective Title Page B. Gambin1,2, V. Andrieu-Ponel1, F. Médail1, N. Marriner3, O. Peyron3, 3,4 5 6,7 1 1 V. Montade , T. Gambin , C. Morhange , D. Belkacem , and M. Djamali Abstract Introduction 1Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Conclusions References Marseille Université CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université Bâtiment Villemin, BP 80, 13545 Tables Figures Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 04, France 2Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta 3Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UM, CNRS, IRD EPHE, Avenue Eugène J I Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France J I 4Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France 5Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta Back Close 6CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université CNRS, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 04, France Full Screen / Esc 7Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 4505 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Received: 28 August 2015 – Accepted: 3 September 2015 – Published: 30 September 2015 Correspondence to: B.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Characterization of a Coastal Freshwater Aquifer in SE Malta (Mediterranean Sea) by Time-Domain Electromagnetics
    water Article 3D Characterization of a Coastal Freshwater Aquifer in SE Malta (Mediterranean Sea) by Time-Domain Electromagnetics Potpreecha Pondthai 1,*, Mark E. Everett 1 , Aaron Micallef 2,3 , Bradley A. Weymer 3 , Zahra Faghih 3 , Amir Haroon 3 and Marion Jegen 3 1 Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; [email protected] 2 Marine Geology and Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta; [email protected] 3 GEOMAR—Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] (B.A.W.); [email protected] (Z.F.); [email protected] (A.H.); [email protected] (M.J.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 March 2020; Accepted: 27 May 2020; Published: 30 May 2020 Abstract: Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are well equipped to distinguish electrical resistivity contrasts between freshwater-saturated and seawater-saturated formations. Beneath the semi-arid, rapidly urbanizing island of Malta, offshore groundwater is an important potential resource but it is not known whether the regional mean sea-level aquifer (MSLA) extends offshore. To address this uncertainty, land-based alongshore and across-shore time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) responses were acquired with the G-TEM instrument (Geonics Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada) and used to map the onshore structure of the aquifer. 1-D inversion results suggest that the onshore freshwater aquifer resides at 4–24 m depth, underlain by seawater-saturated formations. The freshwater aquifer thickens with distance from the coastline. We present 2D and 3D electromagnetic forward modeling based on finite-element (FE) analysis to further constrain the subsurface geometry of the onshore freshwater body.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban Heat Island Effect in Malta and the Adequacy of Green Roofs in Its Mitigation Jonathan Scicluna James Madison University
    James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Masters Theses The Graduate School Spring 2016 The urban heat island effect in Malta and the adequacy of green roofs in its mitigation Jonathan Scicluna James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019 Part of the Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other Earth Sciences Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Scicluna, Jonathan, "The urban heat island effect in Malta and the adequacy of green roofs in its mitigation" (2016). Masters Theses. 467. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/467 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the The Graduate School at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN MALTA AND THE ADEQUACY OF GREEN ROOFS IN ITS MITIGATION Jonathan Scicluna A dissertation submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF MALTA and JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Environmental Resources Management/ Master of Science in Integrated Science and Technology 2016 To my Family ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors Mr Antoine Gatt and Dr Wayne S. Teel as well as to Prof Louis F. Cassar. I would also like to thank the course coordinators Dr Elisabeth Conrad and Dr Maria Papadakis as well as the administrative staff at the Valletta Campus especially Mr Mario Cassar and Ms Mersia Mackay Zammit.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic and Cartographic Encounters Between the Islamic World and Europe, C
    Mapping Mediterranean Geographies: Geographic and Cartographic Encounters between the Islamic World and Europe, c. 1100-1600 by Jeremy Francis Ledger A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes, Chair Professor Michael Bonner Associate Professor Hussein Fancy Professor Karla Mallette Professor Emilie Savage-Smith, University of Oxford © 2016 Jeremy Francis Ledger All Rights Reserved To my parents ii Acknowledgements It is with a deep sense of gratitude and appreciation that I recall the many people who generously shared their time, knowledge, and friendship during this dissertation’s composition. First, my greatest thanks go to my advisor, Diane Owen Hughes, who has guided, supported, and taught me throughout my graduate studies at Michigan. Her intellectual brilliance and breadth of knowledge has shaped this dissertation and my own thinking in so many ways. I could not have asked for a better mentor. I also want to give a special thanks to my dissertation committee. I learned much from long discussions with Michael Bonner, who shares my enthusiasm for the history of medieval and early modern geography and cartography. His advice on sources to consult and paths to follow has been instrumental in the completion of this project. I thank Hussein Fancy, for stimulating conversations and for always pushing me to think in new ways. I have further benefitted from my other committee members, Emilie Savage-Smith and Karla Mallette. Their careful reading and thoughtful critiques have been invaluable to me. At Michigan, the Department of History, the Medieval and Early Modern Studies Program, the Eisenberg Institute, and the Rackham Graduate School have provided an intellectual home as well as funding for my research and writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating 20 Years of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
    Annual Report 2009 Celebrating 20 years of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child The Office of the Commissioner for Children was set up in terms of the Commissioner for Children Act of 2003, to promote the welfare of children and the compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as ratified by Malta, and such other international treaties, conventions or agreements relating to children as are or may be ratified or otherwise acceded to by Malta. © Copyright 2010, Office of the Commissioner for Children Published by the Office of the Commissioner for Children Istituto Vincenzo Bugeia 469 St. Joseph High Road Santa Venera SVR 1012, Malta Tel: +356 21 485180 Email: [email protected] Websites: www.tfal.org.mt www.zghazagh.org.mt Design & Printing: Print Right Ltd. - Qormi Contents Foreword 1 Report on Activities 2 1. Composition of Office 2 2. Council for Children 3 3. Education and Public Awareness 4 4. Complaints received by the Office of the Commissioner for Children 5 Cases concerning problems in the Family 5 Cases concerning Education 5 Cases concerning Court issues 5 Cases concerning Sports 5 Cases concerning Abuse 6 Inquiries 6 5. Research and Policy 7 Manifesto for Children Seminars 7 Looked After Children 9 Platform for Children Launch 11 6. Children’s Rights Education 13 Theatre in Education Project – ‘Face Space’ 13 Guginu’s Tour 13 Rights 4U 18 Website 21 Comic Book 22 Drawing Competition 22 Media Presence 25 School visits 25 Participation in other awareness-raising events 26 Song 27 7. Responses on the General Circumstances of Children in Malta 28 Intercultural Dialogue and Immigrant Children 28 Education Reform and Special Schools Reform 28 Strengthening the Family 28 Children in Prison and Mount Carmel Hospital 29 Hotline to fight Child Abuse over the Internet 30 Portrayal of Children in Television Programmes 30 Mental Health 31 Children in Residential Care 31 Environment and Health 32 Positive Parenting and the Abolishment of Corporal Punishment 32 Collection of Statistics pertaining to Children 33 8.
    [Show full text]
  • A Holocene Perspective Climate for NW Malta: a Holocene B
    Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Clim. Past Discuss., 11, 4505–4567, 2015 www.clim-past-discuss.net/11/4505/2015/ doi:10.5194/cpd-11-4505-2015 CPD © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 11, 4505–4567, 2015 This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). 7300 years of Please refer to the corresponding final paper in CP if available. vegetation history and climate for NW 7300 years of vegetation history and Malta: a Holocene perspective climate for NW Malta: a Holocene B. Gambin et al. perspective Title Page B. Gambin1,2, V. Andrieu-Ponel1, F. Médail1, N. Marriner3, O. Peyron3, 3,4 5 6,7 1 1 V. Montade , T. Gambin , C. Morhange , D. Belkacem , and M. Djamali Abstract Introduction 1Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Conclusions References Marseille Université CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université Bâtiment Villemin, BP 80, 13545 Tables Figures Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 04, France 2Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta 3Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UM, CNRS, IRD EPHE, Avenue Eugène J I Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France J I 4Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France 5Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta Back Close 6CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université CNRS, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence CEDEX 04, France Full Screen / Esc 7Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion 4505 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Received: 28 August 2015 – Accepted: 3 September 2015 – Published: 30 September 2015 Correspondence to: B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gozo Observer : Issue 39 : Winter 2019
    No. 39, Winter 2019 Contents Page Editorial: The Jewel in the Crown 2 Adventure Tourism in Gozo 3 Annemarie Camilleri The 1948 Gozo Commission: Redesigning a Future 12 Gabriella Cassar The Invasion of Sicily: A Personal Experience of a Youth in Għasri 16 Toni Calleja Analysis of Rainfall Readings Data in Gozo 20 Andrea Muscat The Ciantar Family of Gozo: The Għajnsielem-Xewkija Connection 29 Geoffrey G. Attard Book Review: The Maltese Cinderella and the Women’s Storytelling Tradition 31 Anton F. Attard Book Review: Żebbuġ of Gozo. Its People, Inscriptions and History 33 Geoffrey G. Attard Recent Activities at the University of Malta – Gozo Campus 35 Joseph Calleja The Gozo Observer The Journal of the University of Malta – Gozo Campus. Published two times a year in collaboration with the Ministry for Gozo. © University of Malta Gozo Campus and individual Editorial Board: contributors 2019. Prof. Lino Briguglio, Mr Joseph Calleja, Prof. Maurice N. Cauchi, Ms Caroline Camilleri Rolls The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the University of Malta or the Ministry for Gozo. Editorial Office: University of Malta - Gozo Campus, The Gozo Observer is distributed without charge, upon Mġarr Road, Xewkija, XWK 9016, Gozo request, to interested readers. Tel: (356) 21564559; Fax: (356) 21564550; e-mail: [email protected] Front Cover Picture: Dwejra, Gozo. Web: www.um.edu.mt/ugc Courtesy of Charlie Farrugia. THE GOZO OBSERVER (No. 39) - Winter 2019 1 Editorial: The Jewel in the Crown Since ancient times the Ċittadella has been a central a 360o Ċittadella Show. The result is that visitors focal point in Gozo, the place of government are now flocking to admire these developments, when, in Roman times, Gozo had equal status with and in the process access the other facilities Malta.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Umayyad Route Jordan Umayyad Route
    JORDAN UMAYYAD ROUTE JORDAN UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route Jordan. Umayyad Route 1st Edition, 2016 Edition Index Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí Texts Introduction Talal Akasheh, Naif Haddad, Leen Fakhoury, Fardous Ajlouni, Mohammad Debajah, Jordan Tourism Board Photographs Umayyad Project (ENPI) 7 Jordan Tourism Board - Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí - Daniele Grammatico - FOTOGRAFIAJO Inc. - Mohammad Anabtawi - Hadeel Alramahi -Shutterstock Jordan and the Umayyads 8 Food Photographs are curtsy of Kababji Restaurant (Amman) Maps of the Umayyad Route 20 Graphic Design, layout and maps Gastronomy in Jordan 24 José Manuel Vargas Diosayuda. Diseño Editorial Free distribution Itineraries ISBN 978-84-96395-81-7 Irbid 36 Legal Deposit Number Gr- 1513 - 2016 Jerash 50 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, nor transmitted or recorded by any information Amman 66 retrieval system in any form or by any means, either mechanical, photochemical, electronic, photocopying or otherwise without written permission of the editors. Zarqa 86 © of the edition: Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí Azraq 98 © of texts: their authors Madaba 114 © of pictures: their authors Karak 140 The Umayyad Route is a project funded by the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) and led by the Ma‘an 150 Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí. It gathers a network of partners in seven countries in the Mediterranean region: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union under the ENPI CBC Mediterranean Sea Basin Programme. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the beneficiary (Fundación Pública Bibliography 160 Andaluza El legado andalusí) and their Jordanian partners [Cultural Technologies for Heritage and Conservation (CULTECH)] and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union or of the Programme’s management structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Losses, Damages and Return Period of Extreme Weather Events in the Maltese Islands Charles Galdies and Neil Mallia
    Chapter 10 Losses, Damages and Return Period of Extreme Weather Events in the Maltese Islands Charles Galdies and Neil Mallia Introduction Full range economic costing of weather disasters tends to be quite challenging. Complete and systematic data on such impacts are often lacking, and most data sets generally tend to underestimate losses. The best estimates made by Hoeppe (2016) for the average global cost of natural disasters worldwide between 1980 and 2014 have caused a total of 1.7 million fatalities and at least $4,200bn damages, including $1,100bn insured losses. Around 65% of the overall losses were due to convective and hydrological events. And what about future trends? Nineteen years ago, William Nordhaus (1997) expressed his dilemma that is still haunting both scientists and economists of today. It relates to the current significant knowledge gaps between the projected increase of temperature (now with high confidence) and its translation into future ecological, economic and social outcomes. Many important sectors still lack a proper description of their future growth dynamics in the presence of such impacts (Hallegatte et al., 2016) and economists often resort to the modeling of long-term economic growth on the basis of current time horizon and climate change scenarios. In doing so, they are neglecting the possibility of potential deviations from presumed model conditions of economic growth, irrespective of whether adverse impacts affect rich economies or those already weakened by various disequilibria or inertia in their readjustment process. The insurance sector is society’s risk management tool that is capable of encouraging risk reduction like no other economical instrument (Zurich Financial Services Group, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Double Taxation Agreement Malta and Usa
    Double Taxation Agreement Malta And Usa Rewardable Wallace inhering, his sima friz mazing millesimally. Annihilating or persisting, Erl never fuddling any clair-obscure! Adolfo remains facultative after Demetre unkennelling unfavorably or renegates any courlan. This is here today and services besides the good trade including the services approach provides the taxpayer will refuse collection of double taxation with ensuring that it From the sale price can be deducted the cost of acquisition of the asset, including incidental costs such as conveyancing costs, the cost of the disposal, and costs of improving the asset. The course must also be approved by Revenue and delivered in a college approved by Revenue. Learn how our corporate services are priced and delivered to best support your market entry or current operations, across a range of service disciplines throughout Asia. It alerts me to changes taking place in the legal environment in South Africa that I may not otherwise have spotted or had immediate access to as a company lawyer. Is US Social Security taxable in Ireland? By way of example, if a holding company is incorporated in Guernsey but managed and controlled in the UK, it will be deemed resident in the UK in accordance with the revised interpretation of the DTA. But what our comparisons demonstrate is that the Irish tax system is a very progressive personal tax system. Fast, professional and reliable people. Transfers between spouses are exempt from stamp duty, as are property transfers as a result of a court order in relation to a divorce. They are therefore an important element in promoting international economic activities.
    [Show full text]