Ensuring stable water supply by centralized administrative control over a large scale water supply network (Outline of the Water Supply Operation Center)

Hiroshi Taniguchi Bureau of Waterworks, Tokyo Metropolitan Government Today’s Topics

1. Outline of the water supply system of Tokyo

2. Primary roles of the Water Supply Operation Center

3. Examples of fluctuations in water demand Outline of Tokyo’s Waterworks As of the end of March, 2017 Date of Initial service December 1st, 1898 (Meiji 31) Service area 1,239 km2 Population served 13,295,385 people Number of service connections 7,443,762 cases

3 Total capacity of facilities 6,859,500 m /day (11 purification plants) Water resource amount 6,300,000 m3/day Total length of water mains 27,038 km 41 places Main water supply stations (reservoir capacity  10,000m3)

Average distribution amount per day 4,192,300 m3/day Maximum distribution amount per day 4,511,000 m3/day Number of staff 3,750 people

3 Water Resources and Major Facilities R.Naka Kasumigaura Water Conveyance Sonohara Dam (Under Construction) Aimata Dam Water Supply Operation Center Lake Kasumigaura Yamba Dam R.Tone利根川 Watarase Reservoir (Under construction) Kasumigaura Tone Weir kaihatsu Musashi Channel Takizawa Dam

Akigase Intake Weir R.Naka R.Edo Urayama Dam Kita-chiba Water Conveyance Channel R.Ara Arakawa Reservoir Misato Nakagawa River/Edo River Murayama-Yamaguchi Connection Water Conveyance Channel Mizumoto Water conservation forests 山口貯水池reservoir Raw water Asaka Misono Kitashikahama Kanamachi connecting pipe Koemon Higashi-murayama Itabashi Minami Ozaku Ooyaguchi Kamiigusa Nerima -senju Ogouchi Kameido Dam Higashi-yamato Hongo Suginami Toyozumi Ozaku Intake Weir Yodobashi Yasaka Izumi Nishi- Hamura Intake Weir Sakai Wadabori Harumi mizue Koto Kasai Narahara Toyosu Hino Takaido Komazawa Yoyogi Shiba Hodokubo Ariake Okura Inagi Tokyo Bay Hijirigaoka 多摩川 Toukai Sagami Dam R.Tama Kinuta Yakumo Kinuta -shimo Water Purification Plant (11) R.Sagami Tamagawa Kamiikedai Nagasawa Water Supplying Station (41) Shiroyama Dam *Breakdown of Raw Water: Chofu Intake Weir Pumping Station Tone/Ara相模川 River System ~78%, TransmissionWater PipesMains Tama River System ~19%, Others ~3% River, Water conveyance pipes Electricity Consumption Breakdown

water intake, office, etc, conveyance, 1.5% etc, 5.7%

water 800 treatment, Million 32.8% kWh / Year water distribution , 60.0%

※ Data from 2014

800 million kWh per year is comparable to 1% of Tokyo's total electricity consumption. Today’s Topics

1. Outline of the water supply system of Tokyo

2. Primary roles of the Water Supply Operation Center

3. Examples of fluctuations in water demand Roles of the Water Supply Operation Center

Established: 1979 (Showa 54)

Major roles: 1. To control the water flow from water-intake to distribution in response to water usage or accidents. 2. To maintain waterworks facilities such as water supplying stations. Overview of Water Supply Operation

Water resources (rainfall measurements, etc.)

Dams (water levels and amounts stored, etc.)

Water Supply Operation Center Rivers (Control Room) (water levels, flow amounts, etc.)

Branch office

Purification plant Water supplying station Telemeter (amounts of raw water, (operating conditions of (water pressure, flow amount, distribution water, etc.) pumps, water levels, etc.) water quality, etc.) Function of the Control Room  24hour monitoring of the water flow  Adjusting operations in response to the fluctuation of demand or accidents. Estimation of Send Distributed data Amount Operation Operating Data (Temperature, Planning facilities Weather, etc) Collect Send Calculate data Store Demand Data Fluctuation Adjusting Monitoring Facilities Setting Accident ・Purification plants ・Water supply stations ・Distribution pipe, etc. Planning Work

 Monthly Plan  Raw Water Operation Plan  Transmission Main Operation Plan  Distribution Pump Operation Plan

 Daily Plan  Distribution Reservoir Operation Plan  Adjustment Setting Distribution Pump Operation Plan

Controlling Water Pressure At the Outlet Controlling Water volume At the Outlet Controlling Water Pressure At the Target Telemeter Distribution Reservoir Operation Plan

Upper limit Planned storage volume

Lower limit Actual storage Estimated storage volume Current time volume

Time fluctuation of storage volume at distribution reservoirs 【Features of the distribution reservoir operation system】 • Estimates subsequent volume of each water supply station and recognizes deviations from planned volume. • Automatically controls volume pulled into the distribution reservoirs to become closer to the planned volume. • Installed at all stations, and substantially reduces workload of monitoring staff. Total Energy Management System

Purification Purification Water Supply Plant A Plant B Operation Center Pump Pump

Water Supply Water Supply Simulation Station A Station B Pump Pump Predicted energy consumption

Route A Route A Route B Good ! Water Supply Primary Primary Route B Area unit 〔Ａ〕 unit〔Ｂ〕 Primary unit of distributed water (kWh/m3) × Flow rate Q(m3) ＝ Predicted energy consumption (kWh) How to Detect Abnormal Data

rate Upper limit

Pressure and flow data Normal flow operation range

Lower limit Pressure Pressure , Hour * A warning sound is issued and the electronic blackboard displays the abnormal data in red. Pressure and Flow Rate in the case of Leakage

Flow Rate(m3/h) Pressure(m)

Flow rate

Water leakage Pressure Occurred 8:30 35 40 45 50 55 Our system sounds alarms on an event like this. Pipeline φ1,500mm Leak Incident (2003)

Ara River

A Piece of The Broken Pipe The leakage occurred in the riverbed. Today’s Topics

1. Outline of the water supply system of Tokyo

2. Primary roles of the Water Supply Operation Center

3. Examples of fluctuations in water demand Demand Fluctuation in a Day 250000

200000 /h) 3 Weekday / Clear weekend / Clear

150000 Demand(m 100000 Weekday / Rainy

50000

0 22 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Time Fluctuation in Water Demand FIFA World Cup RUSSIA 2018: Japan vs. Colombia (Tuesday, June 19th, 2018)

220,000

210,000 June 19th

200,000 Average (5/29,6/5,6/12)

190,000

180,000

170,000 /h)

3 160,000

150,000

140,000 Demand (m Demand 130,000

120,000

110,000 Harf Time 100,000

90,000 First half Second half

80,000

0:00 0:30 1:00

19:00 20:30 22:00 23:30 20:00 21:00 21:30 22:30 23:00 19:30 Time Merits of Water Supply Operation Center

1. Centralized management of water amount, water pressure, electricity consumption, etc.

2. Stable water supply through adequate management of water amount and water pressure

3. Early discovery of accidents and swift response Thank you very much for your attention.