Biweekly Health Sector Libya Operational Updates 1-15 January 2021
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Libya: Protect Vulnerable Minorities & Assist Civilians Harmed
Libya: Protect Vulnerable Minorities & Assist Civilians Harmed • The Libyan authorities should work with UNSMIL, IOM, the U.S., and other donors to provide protec- tion for displaced sub-Saharan Africans, including through the adoption of migrant-friendly policies and compliance with human rights obligations. • The Libyan authorities should work with UNSMIL, the U.S., and other donors to protect displaced dark-skinned Libyans, foster reconciliation, and provide long-term solutions for them. • The Libyan authorities should request NATO’s, the U.S’s, and UNSMIL’s long-term commitment, and technical and financial assistance to develop an effective security sector capable of protecting civil- ians. • NATO must fully and transparently investigate, and when appropriate make amends for civilian harm incurred as a result of its military operations in Libya. Similarly, the Libyan authorities should ensure all civilian conflict-losses are accounted for and amends offered to help civilians recover. With the death of Muammar Gaddafi a long-standing dictatorship has come to an end. The majority of Libyans are celebrating a new future; but certain groups, including suspected loyalist civilians, sub-Saharan Africans, and ethnic minorities remain displaced and vulnerable to violent attacks. The National Transitional Council (NTC) – the current de facto government of Libya – lacks command and control over all armed groups, including those responsible for revenge attacks. As such, the NTC cannot yet establish or maintain the rule of law. The plight of these vulnerable civilians foreshadows challenges to reconciliation, integration, and equal treatment of all in the new Libya. Further, civilians suffering losses during hostilities have not been properly recognized or assisted. -
Libyan Municipal Council Research 1
Libyan Municipal Council Research 1. Detailed Methodology 2. Participation 3. Awareness 4. Knowledge 5. Communication 6. Service Delivery 7. Legitimacy 8. Drivers of Legitimacy 9. Focus Group Recommendations 10. Demographics Detailed Methodology • The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Altai Consulting. This research is intended to support the development and evaluation of IRI and USAID/OTI Libya Transition Initiative programming with municipal councils. The research consisted of quantitative and qualitative components, conducted by IRI and USAID/OTI Libya Transition Initiative respectively. • Data was collected April 14 to May 24, 2016, and was conducted over the phone from Altai’s call center using computer-assisted telephone technology. • The sample was 2,671 Libyans aged 18 and over. • Quantitative: Libyans from the 22 administrative districts were interviewed on a 45-question questionnaire on municipal councils. In addition, 13 municipalities were oversampled to provide a more focused analysis on municipalities targeted by programming. Oversampled municipalities include: Tripoli Center (224), Souq al Jumaa (229), Tajoura (232), Abu Salim (232), Misrata (157), Sabratha (153), Benghazi (150), Bayda (101), Sabha (152), Ubari (102), Weddan (101), Gharyan (100) and Shahat (103). • The sample was post-weighted in order to ensure that each district corresponds to the latest population pyramid available on Libya (US Census Bureau Data, updated 2016) in order for the sample to be nationally representative. • Qualitative: 18 focus groups were conducted with 5-10 people of mixed employment status and level of education in Tripoli Center (men and women), Souq al Jumaa (men and women), Tajoura (men), Abu Salim (men), Misrata (men and women), Sabratha (men and women), Benghazi (men and women), Bayda (men), Sabha (men and women), Ubari (men), and Shahat (men). -
THESIS SEISMICITY of LIBYA and RELATED PROBLEMS Submitted by Hassen A. Hassen Department of Civil Engineering in Partial Fulfill
THESIS SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS Submitted by Hassen A. Hassen Department of Civil Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer, 1983 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Summer, 1983 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY HASSEN A. HASSEN ENTITLED SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE. Committee on Graduate Work Adviser ii ABSTRACT OF THESIS SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS The seismicity of Libya was investigated. Available data of earthquakes, which have occurred in or near Libya during the period 262 A.D. to 1982, have been collected. These data together with geological information are used to investigate the nature of seismic activity and its relationship to the tectonics of the country. Statistical analysis is used to calculate the frequency-magnitude relation for the data in the period from 1963 to 1982. The results indicate that about 140 earthquakes will equal or exceed a Richter magnitude of 5 every 100 years, and one earthquake will equal or exceed a Richter magnitude of 7 every 100 years. The whole country is characterized by low to moderate levels of seismic activity but some segments have experienced large earthquakes in this century and earlier. On the basis of observed and expected seismicity, a four-fold subdivision is suggested defining the activity of the dif ferent parts of the country. The highest activity is found to be concentrated in Cyrenaica (northeastern region) and around the Hun graben (northcentral region). -
Nationwide School Assessment Libya Ministry
Ministry of Education º«∏©àdGh á«HÎdG IQGRh Ministry of Education Nationwide School Assessment Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report - 2012 Assessment Report School Nationwide Libya LIBYA Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report 2012 Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report 2012 º«∏©àdGh á«HÎdG IQGRh Ministry of Education Nationwide School Assessment Libya © UNICEF Libya/2012-161Y4640/Giovanni Diffidenti LIBYA: Doaa Al-Hairish, a 12 year-old student in Sabha (bottom left corner), and her fellow students during a class in their school in Sabha. Doaa is one of the more shy girls in her class, and here all the others are raising their hands to answer the teacher’s question while she sits quiet and observes. The publication of this volume is made possible through a generous contribution from: the Russian Federation, Kingdom of Sweden, the European Union, Commonwealth of Australia, and the Republic of Poland. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the donors. © Libya Ministry of Education Parts of this publication can be reproduced or quoted without permission provided proper attribution and due credit is given to the Libya Ministry of Education. Design and Print: Beyond Art 4 Printing Printed in Jordan Table of Contents Preface 5 Map of schools investigated by the Nationwide School Assessment 6 Acronyms 7 Definitions 7 1. Executive Summary 8 1.1. Context 9 1.2. Nationwide School Assessment 9 1.3. Key findings 9 1.3.1. Overall findings 9 1.3.2. Basic school information 10 1.3.3. -
(Silurian) Anoxic Palaeo-Depressions at the Western Margin of the Murzuq Basin (Southwest Libya), Based on Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in Surface Exposures
GeoArabia, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2006 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Identification of early Llandovery (Silurian) anoxic palaeo-depressions at the western margin of the Murzuq Basin (southwest Libya), based on gamma-ray spectrometry in surface exposures Nuri Fello, Sebastian Lüning, Petr Štorch and Jonathan Redfern ABSTRACT Following the melting of the Gondwanan icecap and the resulting postglacial sea- level rise, organic-rich shales were deposited in shelfal palaeo-depressions across North Africa and Arabia during the latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian. The unit is absent on palaeohighs that were flooded only later when the anoxic event had already ended. The regional distribution of the Silurian black shale is now well-known for the subsurface of the central parts of the Murzuq Basin, in Libya, where many exploration wells have been drilled and where the shale represents the main hydrocarbon source rock. On well logs, the Silurian black shale is easily recognisable due to increased uranium concentrations and, therefore, elevated gamma-ray values. The uranium in the shales “precipitated” under oxygen- reduced conditions and generally a linear relationship between uranium and organic content is developed. The distribution of the Silurian organic-rich shales in the outcrop belts surrounding the Murzuq Basin has been long unknown because Saharan surface weathering has commonly destroyed the organic matter and black colour of the shales, making it complicated to identify the previously organic-rich unit in the field. In an attempt to distinguish (previously) organic-rich from organically lean shales at outcrop, seven sections that straddle the Ordovician-Silurian boundary were measured by portable gamma-ray spectrometer along the outcrops of the western margin of the Murzuq Basin. -
The Human Conveyor Belt : Trends in Human Trafficking and Smuggling in Post-Revolution Libya
The Human Conveyor Belt : trends in human trafficking and smuggling in post-revolution Libya March 2017 A NETWORK TO COUNTER NETWORKS The Human Conveyor Belt : trends in human trafficking and smuggling in post-revolution Libya Mark Micallef March 2017 Cover image: © Robert Young Pelton © 2017 Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Global Initiative. Please direct inquiries to: The Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime WMO Building, 2nd Floor 7bis, Avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.GlobalInitiative.net Acknowledgments This report was authored by Mark Micallef for the Global Initiative, edited by Tuesday Reitano and Laura Adal. Graphics and layout were prepared by Sharon Wilson at Emerge Creative. Editorial support was provided by Iris Oustinoff. Both the monitoring and the fieldwork supporting this document would not have been possible without a group of Libyan collaborators who we cannot name for their security, but to whom we would like to offer the most profound thanks. The author is also thankful for comments and feedback from MENA researcher Jalal Harchaoui. The research for this report was carried out in collaboration with Migrant Report and made possible with funding provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway, and benefitted from synergies with projects undertaken by the Global Initiative in partnership with the Institute for Security Studies and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, the United Nations University, and the UK Department for International Development. About the Author Mark Micallef is an investigative journalist and researcher specialised on human smuggling and trafficking. -
Murzuq Rapid Situation Overview Libya, 30 August 2019
Murzuq Rapid Situation Overview Libya, 30 August 2019 BACKGROUND KEY FINDINGS Since early 2019, tensions between the Alahali and Tebu communities in the Libyan city of Murzuq have • Displacement from certain mainly Alahali areas of Murzuq has been widespread, grown progressively more severe, leading to numerous outbreaks of violence. The conflict escalated with only small numbers of residents remaining in these areas. Tebu neighbourhoods to unprecedented levels starting on 4 August 2019, when a series of airstrikes sparked heavy urban also witnessed large-scale, though not complete, displacement, and KIs report that Tebu fighting and mass displacement. As of 27 August, the conflict had eased slightly, but an estimated families are slowly beginning to return to their homes. 1 2 17,320 individuals, or nearly 60% of Murzuq’s population, had fled to cities throughout Libya, leaving • Displacement flows were reportedly determined by a household’s community only small numbers of residents in some areas of the city. identity, with both Alahali and Tebu households fleeing to areas controlled by their own or To inform response plans, between 23 and 27 August, REACH assessed the humanitarian situation allied communities. across seven cities and towns in south Libya that had received large numbers of internally displaced • In several assessed cities, an estimated 15-30% of recent arrivals from Murzuq had persons (IDPs) from Murzuq, as well as conducting two supplementary interviews in Murzuq itself. reportedly moved on to other destinations, most often the city of Sebha. Many of Data was collected through 25 multi-sector key informant (KI) interviews conducted with community these new arrivals had left due to difficulty finding affordable food, shelter, healthcare, and leaders, tribal council members, medical professionals and others. -
Health Sector Field Directory Libya
Libya HEALTH SECTOR FIELD DIRECTORY LIBYA Final edition December 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS NAME OF THE HEALTH SECTOR ORGANIZATION NN 1 ACF (Action Against Hunger) 2 AICS (Italian Agency for Development Cooperation) 3 CEFA (The European committee for training and agriculture) 4 Chemonics International Inc. 5 Emergenza Sorrisi 6 Expertise France 7 GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) 8 Handicap International – Humanity & Inclusion 9 Helpcode 10 IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) 11 IMC (International Medical Corps) 12 IOM (International Organization for Migration) 13 IRC (International Rescue Committee) 14 LPFM (Libya Public Financial Management Program) 15 LRC (The Libyan Red Crescent Society) 16 MSF France 17 MSF Holland 18 PUI (Premiere Urgence Internationale) 19 TdH (Terre des Hommes – Italy) 20 The World Bank (WB) 21 UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 22 UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) 23 UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) 24 UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) 25 Voluntas Policy Advisory (Voluntas) 26 WeWorld-GVC 27 WHO (World Health Organization) Action Against Hunger (ACF) Sector: Health/Mental Health Objectives: Continuity of primary health care services • Capacity building of MoH staff • Support to health facilities to improve Infection prevention and control (IPC) • Contribute to the RCCE response with activities focusing at the community level Empowerment of communities and public health services to promote access to quality MHPSS -
Health Response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO Update # 12 Reporting Period
Health response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO update # 12 Reporting period: 23 July to 5 August 2020 1 | P a g e 2 | P a g e Highlights o Under WHO’s transmission scenarios, Libya’s status has been revised from “clusters of cases” to “community transmission”. A total of 4224 people in Libya have been infected with COVID-19. Of this number, 3495 people remain actively infected, 633 people have recovered, and 93 people have died. (This translates to 614 confirmed cases and 13 deaths per 1 million population.) The national case fatality rate is 2.27%. o The municipalities reporting a significant increase are Tripoli, Misrata, Sebha, Zliten Ashshatti, Benghazi, Ubari, Janzour and Zawiya. o Thus far, a total of 68 027 specimens have been tested. This number includes 38 784 in Tripoli, 14 045 in Benghazi, 8604 in Misrata and 5389 in Sebha. o Nationwide, there are severe shortages of GeneXpert cartridges and laboratory reagents used for virus extraction. o On 31 July 2020, the Government of National Accord (GNA) declared a five-day lockdown starting the same day. o Misrata is emerging as a hotspot. The city has the second largest number of people infected with COVID-19. Collaboration with national authorities o On 4 August 2020, the Libyan Ambassador to the United Nations met WHO’s Director-General to discuss the evolving COVID-19 situation and request increased support from WHO. o WHO is continuing to brief Ambassadors to Libya on the COVID-19 situation and the challenges faced by WHO in its efforts to support the national response. -
LIBYA: Libya Administrative Map
LIBYA: Libya Administrative Map AL JIFARAH TRIPOLI AL JABAL AN NUQAT Az Zawiyah AL MARJ AL AKHDAR Abu Kammash AL KHAMS Ra's Ajdir !( !( !( AL MARQAB ⛡ Al Baydah Zaltan Mediterranean Sea !( Zuwarah Tripoli Ra's al Hamamah !( Tripoli !( !(!( !( ⛡ !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( Al Bayda !( Al Athrun Riqdalin !( !( ⛡!(!( !( ⛜!( !(!( Azzawiya \ Susah !( Al Assah!( !( Janzur !( !( !( !( !( Mansur!(ah!( !( !( !( ⛡ !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Darnah Al Jumayl !( !( Zawiyat al `Urqub !( !( Suq ad Dawawidah !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !(!( !( ⛡!( !( Al Fatih !( !( A⛜l Abraq !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( ⛡Derna !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( Qasr Khiyar !(!(!( Al Khums !(!( QabilatS alimah !( Qaryat Sidi Shahir ad Din !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Ahqaf a!(l Jabhiya!(h ⛜ !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !(!( !(!( Suq al Khamis !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( Martubah!( Suq as Sab!( t !(!(!( !( !( Al Uwayliyah ash Sha!( rqiyah!( Qasr Libiya !(Zawiyat Umm Hufayn !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( Al Aquriyah Khadra' !( !( !( Umm ar Rizam Al Watyah!( !( !( !( !( Al Bumbah North Air Base TUNISIA !( !(!( !( !( !(!( !( Okba Ibn Nafa Air Base !( !( Ki`am !(!( ⛜ Asbi`ah !( !(!( !( !( !( !( Misratah Al!( Mabni Qabilat al Kawarighiliyah !( !( ⛜ !( !( !( Marawah !( !( AlH uwayjat !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( Tansulukh!( !( !( ⛡!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(M!(!( isurata !( !( QaryatB uR uwayyah !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( At Tamimi!( !( Mintaqat ad Daghdughi !( Bamba Bi'r al Ghanam Bu Ghaylan !(!( !( Qaryat ar Rus !( Al M!( arj !(!(!( !(!(!( !(!(!( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( Zawiyat al `Izziyat!( -
Health Response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO Update # 24 Reporting Period
Health response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO update # 24 Reporting period: 1 to 28 February 2021 Figure 1. Cases and 14-day moving average for Libya till week 9 ending 28 February 2021. Figure 2 Comparison of COVID-19 lab tests against cases for Libya till week 9 ending 28 February 2021. 1 | P a g e Figure 3 Mantika level COVID-19 testing (cumulative) for Libya as of February 2021 Figure 4 Geographical distribution of 29 functional COVID-19 testing laboratories across Libya as of February 2021 Highlights o The WR and her team travelled to Benghazi, Sirt, Sousa and Al Bayda. They visited health facilities and met with health authorities, hospital managers and members of local COVID-19 committees to review services and assess needs. Although WHO has been sending regular supplies of PPE, health facilities reported they were still facing severe shortages of items, particularly gloves. WHO has arranged for additional supplies to be dispatched urgently. A detailed report will be issued at the end of the mission. 2 | P a g e o The Presidential Council of the Scientific Committee has endorsed the National Deployment and Vaccination Plan. WHO has urged the national authorities to consider covering the costs of vaccines for over 570 000 migrants and refugees in the country. o Libya has missed out on the first round of COVAX vaccines because it did not submit key documents on time. The Government of National Authority (GNA) has issued a decree authorizing the MOH to sign a bilateral agreement for the direct procurement of vaccines from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson. -
Report Libya: Security Situation
Report Libya: Security Situation 19 December 2014 DISCLAIMER This report is written by country analysts from Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. It covers topics that are relevant for status determination of Libyan and non- Libyan citizens whose asylum claims are based on the situation in Libya. The target audience is case workers/officers within the decision-making authorities handling asylum claims as well as policy makers in the four countries. The report is based on carefully selected and referenced sources of information. To the extent possible and unless otherwise stated, all information presented, except for undisputed or obvious facts, has been cross-checked. While the information contained in this report has been researched, evaluated and analysed with utmost care, this document does not claim to be exhaustive, neither is it conclusive as to the determination or merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The research for this report was finalised in November 2014 and any event or development that has taken place after this date is not included in the report. Report Libya: Security Situation 19 December 2014 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5 2. Political Context ....................................................................................................................