Code is Text, Code as Text
Annet Dekker h p://aaaan.net 28 November 2016, UU Code is Text, Code as Text Code is Text, Code as Text 24 TV series, 2001-2010 Code is Text, Code as Text
Tradi onal media has been augmented by the advent of new media, not just trough the revolu onary distribu ve aspects of the technology, but principally through the changed rela onship between audience and author. New media forms offer both a convergence of narra ve vehicles and a fragmenta on of understood forms.
Mar n Rieser and Andrea Zapp, New Screen Media. Cinema/Art/Narra ve, 2002 Code is Text, Code as Text Code is Text, Code as Text
In the world of new media, the word narra ve is o en used as an all- inclusive term, to cover up the fact that we have not yet developed a language to describe these new strange objects.
Lev Manovich, The Language of New Media, 2001: 228. Prin ng Press versus Turing Machine Or, the emergence of expanded literature
Janet Murray, The Future of StoryTelling Digital publishing startups by Michael Bhaskar
• 20 Lines - h p://en.20lines.com/archive • BiblioCrunch - h p://bibliocrunch.com/ • 24 Symbols - h p://www.24symbols.com/ • Bilbary - h p://bilbary.com/ • 29th Street Publishing - h p://29.io/ • Bitlit - h p://bitlit.ca/ • 40k - h p://www.40kbooks.com/ • Blackbird Digital Books- h p://blackbird-digitalbooks.com/ • 7Write - h p://www.7write.com/index.html • Bloomsbury Reader - • Advance Edi ons - h p://www.advanceedi ons.com/ h p://www.bloomsbury.com/bloomsburyreader/books/list/ category • Aerbook - h p://aerbook.com/site/ • Bluefire Reader - h p://www.bluefirereader.com/ • Aimer Media - h p://www.aimermedia.com/ • Blurb - h p://www.blurb.com/ • Afic onado - h p://www.afic onado.com/sta c/index.htm • • Aldiko - h p://www.aldiko.com/ Book Baby - h p://www.bookbaby.com/ • • Alta Edi ons - h p://www.altaedi ons.com/ Book Browse - h p://www.bookbrowse.com/index.cfm • • Amber Books - h p://www.amberbooks.co.uk/ Book Crossing - h p://www.bookcrossing.com/ • • And Other Stories - h p://www.andotherstories.org/ Bookbuzzr - h p://bookbuzzr.com/ • Book Glu on - h p://www.bookglu on.com/ • Anobii - h p://www.anobii.com/ • Bookigee - h p://www.bookigee.com/ • Anvil Academic - h p://anvilacademic.org/ • • Apostrophe Books - h p://apostrophebooks.com/ Book Industry Study Group - h p://www.bisg.org/ • • Aquafadas - h p://www.aquafadas.com/en/ Booki.sh (Inven ve Labs) - h ps://booki.sh/ • • A ngo - h p://www.a ngo.se/a ngo/english Bookkake / Ma ns / Bkkpr - h p://booktwo.org/ • • Autharium - h p://autharium.com/Default.aspx Book Kernel - h p://www.react-hub.org.uk/books-and-print-sandbox/ • Bardowl - h p://bardowl.com/ projects/2013/book-kernel/ • Beacon - h p://www.beaconreader.com/ • BookLamp - h p://booklamp.org/ • Bedford Square Books - • Book Likes - h p://booklikes.com/ h p://www.bedfordsquarebooks.com/ • Booklr - h p://www.booklr.com/ • Berg Mag+ - • h p://berglondon.com/blog/2009/12/17/magplus/ Bookmachine - h p://bookmachine.org/ • Bookmate - h p://bookmate.com/ • Beyond the Story - h p://www.beyondthestory.com/ • • BiblioCloud - h p://generalproducts.co/ Book Mooch - h p://bookmooch.com/ • Bookouture - h p://www.bookouture.com/
• Book Rabbit - h p://www.bookrabbit.com/ • Contoplanet - h p://www.contoplanet.com/ • Book Riff - h p://www.bookriff.com/ • Copia - h p://www.thecopia.com/home/index.html • BookRix - h p://www.bookrix.com/ • Creatavist - h ps://creatavist.com/cms/ • Bookshout - h p://bookshout.com/ • Cu ngs.me - h p://www.cu ngs.me/ • Book Sprints - h p://www.booksprints.net/ • Daily Lit - h p://www.dailylit.com/ • Bookswarm - h p://www.bookswarm.co.uk/ • Dead Ink Books - h p://deadinkbooks.com/ • Booktrack - h p://www.booktrack.com/home.htm • Deca - h p://www.decastories.com/ • Booktrope - h p://booktrope.com/#sec on=our-story • Describli - • BooXtream - h p://www.booxtream.com/ h p://signup.describli.com/?r=h p://t.co/lGNoFn2puS • Book Type - h p://www.sourcefabric.org/en/booktype/ • Digital Book World - h p://www.digitalbookworld.com/ • Book Vibe - h p://www.bookvibe.com/ • Digital Science - h p://www.digital-science.com/ • Boosh Reads - h p://www.booshreads.com/ • Diversion Books - h p://www.diversionbooks.com/ • Boxfic on - h p://www.boxfic on.com/EXP/ • Do Book Company - h p://thedobook.co/ • Brandwidth - h p://brandwidth.co.uk/ • Dra - h ps://dra in.com/ • Bublish - h p://bublish.com/ • Drama Online - h p://www.dramaonlinelibrary.com/ • Bubok- h p://www.bubok.es/ • Dreaming Methods - h p://www.dreamingmethods.com/ • Bukbro - h p://bukbro.com/ • Ebook Glue - h ps://ebookglue.com/ • Byliner - h p://byliner.com/ • Ebook Partnership - h p://www.ebookpartnership.com/ • Byte the Book - h p://www.bytethebook.com/ • Editorially - h ps://editorially.com/ • Calibre - h p://calibre-ebook.com/ • E-ink - h p://www.eink.com/ • Canelo - h p://www.canelo.co/ • Elib - h ps://www.elib.se/newsite/ • Cinnamon Teal - h p://www.cinnamonteal.in/ • End Paper Engine - h ps://endpaperengine.com/ • Circular So ware - h p://www.circularso ware.com/ • Enhanced Edi ons - h p://www.enhanced-edi ons.com/ • Ci a - h p://ci a.com/ • Enthrill - h p://www.enthrill.com/ • Cloud BookShop - h p://www.cloudbookshop.co/ • Entre Escritores - h p://www.entreescritores.com/ • Clube de Leitura - h p://clubedaleitura.basepoint.pt/ • ePubDirect - h p://www.epubdirect.com/ • Code Mantra - h p://www.codemantra.com/contactus.htm • epubli - h p://www.epubli.co.uk/ • Code Meet Print - h p://codemeetprint.com/ Coliloquy - • Ether Books - h p://www.etherbooks.com/ h p://www.coliloquy.com/ • Evanidus - h p://www.evanidus.com/ • Collate It - h p://www.collate-it.com/ • eWowBooks - h p://ewowbooks.com/ • Collca - h p://collca.com/ • Exact Edi ons - h p://www.exactedi ons.com/ • Completely Novel - h p://www.completelynovel.com/ • Express Reads - h ps://expressreads.com/index.html
• Fail Be er Games - h p://www.failbe ergames.com/ • Idea Logical Company - h p://www.idealog.com/blog/ • Fastr Books - h ps://fastrbooks.com/ • Ideal Binary - h p://www.idealbinary.com/ • Fic on Brigade - h p://www.fic onbrigade.com/ • Ideo - h p://www.ideo.com/work/future-of-the-book • Fidus Writer - h p://fiduswriter.org/ • Informerly - h p://informerly.com/ • Figment - h p://figment.com/ • Inkle Studios - h p://www.inklestudios.com/ • Finger Press Ink Flash - h p://www.fingerpress.co.uk/ • Inkling - h p://www.inkling.com/ inkflashcom-view-your-books-whole-new-light • Ins tute for the Future of the Book - • Firsty Fish - h p://www.firstyfish.com/ h p://www.futureo hebook.org/ • Flatleaf - h p://flatleaf.com/ • IPR License - h p://www.iprlicense.com/ • Flooved - h p://www.flooved.com/ • Issuu - h p://issuu.com/ • Flowboard - h ps://flowboard.com/ • Issuestand - h p://issuestand.com/ • Flying Word - h p://www.flyingword.com/ • iStoire - h p://www.istoire.be/ • Frisch & Co. - h p://frischand.co/ • I’ve Read That - h p://www.ivereadthat.com/ • Frontlyst - h p://www.frontlyst.com/ • Jellybooks - h p://jellybooks.com/ • Futurebook - h p://www.futurebook.net/ • Jo fy - h p://jo fy.com/ • Ganxy - h ps://ganxy.com/ • K Lab Berlin - h p://klab-berlin.com/ • Get Contentment - h p://getcontentment.com/ • Knowledge Unlatched - • Ghost - h ps://ghost.org/ h p://www.knowledgeunlatched.org/ • Glide Books - h p://www.glide-books.com/ • Kobobooks - h p://www.kobobooks.com/ • Glipho- h p://glipho.com/ • Kotobarabia - h p://www.kotobarabia.com/ • Glose- h ps://glose.com/ • Layergloss - h p://www.layergloss.nl/ • Gluejar - h p://gluejar.com/ • Lean Pub - h ps://leanpub.com/ • Goodreads - h p://www.goodreads.com/ • Lexcycle Stanza - h p://www.lexcycle.com/ • Go Spoken - h p://www.gospoken.com/ • Libboo - h ps://www.libboo.com/ • Graphicly - h p://graphicly.com/ • Librarything - h p://www.librarything.com/ • Hersilia Press - h p://www.hersilia-press.co.uk/ • Libre Digital - h p://www.libredigital.com/ • Hide and Seek - h p://www.hideandseek.net/ • LibriVox - h p://librivox.org/ • Hi - h ps://sayhi.co/ • Librify - h ps://librify.com/ • Hive - h p://www.hive.co.uk/ • Literary Pla orm - h p://www.theliterarypla orm.com/ • Hyperink - h p://www.hyperink.com/ • Lithomobilus- h p://lithomobilus.com/ • Hypothes.is - h p://hypothes.is/ • Lost My Name - h p://www.lostmy.name/ • iA Writer - h p://www.informa onarchitects.jp/en/ • Lulu - h ps://www.lulu.com/
• Luzme - h p://luzme.com/ • Open Book Publishers - • Madefire - h p://www.madefire.com/ h p://www.openbookpublishers.com/ • Made in Me - h p://www.madeinme.com/ • Open Bookmarks - h p://www.openbookmarks.org/ • Magellan Media - h p://www.magellanmediapartners.com/ • Open Books - h p://openbooks.com/ • Magzter - h p://www.magzter.com/ • Open Library - h p://openlibrary.org/ • Mango Reader - h p://mangoreader.com/ • Open Library of the Humani es - h ps://www.openlibhums.org/ • Markerly - h p://www.markerly.com/ • Open Road Media - h p://www.openroadmedia.com/ • Marquee - h p://marquee.by/ • O/R Books - h p://www.orbooks.com/ • Massively - h p://getmassively.com/ • Ourboox - h p://www.ourboox.com/ • Me Books - h p://www.mebooks.co/ • Oxford Media Works - h p://oxfordmediaworks.com/ • Medium - h ps://medium.com/ • Own Shelf - h p://ownshelf.com/ • Mis Libros Preferidos - h p://mislibrospreferidos.com/ • Oyster - h p://www.oysterbooks.com/ • Mobnotate - h p://mobnotate.com/ • Packagr - h p://xoxco.com/packagr/ • Mofibo - h ps://mofibo.com/ • Pandamian - h p://www.pandamian.com/ • Moglue - h p://www.moglue.com/ • Paperight - h p://paperight.com/ • Momentum Books - h p://www.momentumbooks.com.au/ • Paper.li - h p://paper.li/ • Moonbot Studios - h p://www.moonbotstudios.com/ • Papertrell Apps- h p://www.papertrell.com/ • Movellas - h p://www.movellas.com/ papertrellhome.aspx • Narra ve Science - h p://www.narra vescience.com/ • Parse.ly - h p://parse.ly/ • Na onal Novel Wri ng Month - h p://www.nanowrimo.org/ • Pearson Labs- h p://labs.pearson.com/ • NetGalley - h p://www.netgalley.com/ • PeerJ - h ps://peerj.com/ • Nimbooks - h p://www.nimbooks.com/en • Periodical - h p://periodical.co/ • Noisebooks - h p://books.noisetrade.com/ • PhysiDigi: h p://www.bowso ware.co.uk/physidigi • Nosy Crow - h p://nosycrow.com/ • Pixel Qi - h p://www.pixelqi.com/ • Now and Then Reader - • Plas c Logic - h p://www.plas clogic.com/ h p://www.nowandthenreader.com/ tles/ • Poe c Republic- h p://www.poe crepublic.com/ • Now Novel - h p://www.nownovel.com/ • Popleaf - h p://www.popleaf.com/ • Nubico - h p://www.nubico.es/ • Postach.io - h p://postach.io/ • Orb Entertainment - h p://www.orb-entertainment.com/ • Po ermore - h p://www.po ermore.com/ • Open Air Publishing - h p://openairpub.com/ • PressBooks - h p://pressbooks.com/wp-signup.php • Open Book Alliance - h p://www.openbookalliance.org/ • Pressly - h p://www.pressly.com/index.html
• Presspad - h p://presspadapp.com/ • Six to Start - h p://www.sixtostart.com/ • Pubcoder - h p://www.pubcoder.com/en/ • Snapplify - h ps://www.snapplify.com/ • Publisha - h p://www.viewshound.com/ • So cover - h ps://www.so cover.io/ • Publifica on - h p://publifica on.com/ • Somethin Else - h p://www.somethinelse.com/ • Publishing Data Networks - h p://www.publishingdata.net/ • Scribd - h p://www.scribd.com/ • Publishing Perspec ves - h p://publishingperspec ves.com/ • Scrollmo on - h p://www.scrollmo on.com/ • Publit- h p://www.publit.co.uk/ • Serial Podcast - h p://serialpodcast.org/ • Pubslush - h p://pubslush.com/ • Shor ire Press - h p://www.shor irepress.com/ • Pugpig - h p://pugpig.com/ • Simogo - h p://simogo.com/ • PulseRomance - h p://www.pulseromance.com/ • Slicebooks - h ps://slicebooks.com/ • Punctum Books - h p://punctumbooks.com/ • Small Demons - h p://rnash.com/ar cle/small-demons/ • Push Pop Press - h p://pushpoppress.com/ourchoice/ • Smashwords - h p://www.smashwords.com/ • ReadCloud - h p://www.readcloud.com/ • Sparkup - h p://sparkupreader.com/ • Readfy - h p://readfy.com/ • Spine - h p://www.rarewire.com/spine/ • Readium- h p://readium.org/ • Spritz - h p://www.spritzinc.com/ • Read Ma er - h ps://www.readma er.com/ • Squid Inc - h p://www.squidpublishing.co.uk/ • Readmill - h p://readmill.com/ • Start Digital Publishing - h p://startdigitalpublishing.com/ • Red Lemonade - h p://redlemona.de/ • Starlight Runner - h p://www.starlightrunner.com/ • Read Social - h ps://www.readsocial.net/ • Storify - h p://storify.com/ • Reedsy - h ps://reedsy.com/ • Storycuts - h p://www.randomhouse.co.uk/lp/storycuts • ResearchGate - h p://www.researchgate.net/ • StoryFinds - h p://storyfinds.com/ • Revish - h p://www.revish.com/ • Storythings - h p://storythings.com/ • Riffle Books - h p://www.rifflebooks.com/ • Storyville - h p://www.storyvilleapp.com/ • Robot Media - h p://www.robotmedia.net/ • Submi able - h p://www.submi able.com/ • Rooster - h ps://readrooster.com/ • Supdadu - h p://nu.supadu.com/ • Rose a Books - h p://www.rose abooks.com/ • Svbtle - h ps://svbtle.com/ • Safari Books Online - h p://my.safaribooksonline.com/ • Sys me - h p://info.sys me.dk/ibogen • Sans Papier - h p://www.sanspapier.com/search.php#!main • Tablo - h p://tablo.com.au/ • Scholar’s Publisher - h p://scholarspub.com/ • Taleist - h p://taleist.com/ • Screentakes - h p://www.screentakes.com/ • Timbuktu - h p:// mbuktu.me/ mbuktu/ • Screw Pulp - h ps://www.screwpulp.com/ • The Atavist - h p://atavist.net/ • Scrivener - h p://www.literatureandla e.com/scrivener.php • The Book of Everyone - h p://thebookofeveryone.com/
• The Domino Project - h p://www.thedominoproject.com/ • The Pigeon Hole - h p://thepigeonhole.com/ • The Wri en World - h p://www.thewri enworld.co/ • Thomas & Mercer (Amazon) - h p://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html? ie=UTF8&docId=1000664921 Some examples … • Threepress - h p://threepress.org/ • Tolino - h p://www.tolino.de/ • Touchpress - h p://www.touchpress.com/ • Twine - h p://twinery.org/ • Txtr - h p://txtr.com/ • Ubquity Press - h p://www.ubiquitypress.com/ • Unbound - h p://unbound.co.uk/ • UsTwo - h p://www.ustwo.co.uk/ • Valobox - h p://www.valobox.com/ • Varytale - h p://varytale.com/ • Versu from Linden Labs - h p://lindenlab.com/products/versu • Victorian London - h p://www.victorianlondon.org/ • Vook - h p://vook.com/index.html • Wa pad - h ps://www.wa pad.com/ • Whitefox - h p://www.wearewhitefox.com/ • Widbook - h p://www.widbook.com/ • Widescript - h ps://widescript.com/ • Winged Chariot - h p://www.wingedchariot.com/ • Wordnik - h p://www.wordnik.com/ • World Book Night - h p://www.worldbooknight.org/ • You Scribe - h p://www.youscribe.com/ • Yudu - h p://www.yudu.com/ • YYYHHHQQQ - h p://yyyhhhqqq.com/ • Zite - h p://zite.com/ • Zolabooks - h p://zolabooks.com/ Mag+, a concept video on the future of digital magazines, 2009 h p://berglondon.com/blog/2009/12/17/magplus/ Petra Cortright, HELL_TREE, 2012 published by Badlands Unlimited The Guardian, 2011 / The Long Read Facebook Instant Ar cles, 2015 Medium, 2013
Code is Text, Code as Text
I was really wrestling with the ques on “What is a book?” What’s essen al about a book? What happens when you move that essence into some other medium?
And I just woke up one day and realized that if I thought about a book not in terms of its physical proper es—ink on paper—but in terms of the way it’s used, that a book was the one medium where the user was in control of the sequence and the pace at which they accessed the material.
I started calling books “user-driven media,” in contrast to movies, television, and radio, which were producer-driven.
Bob Stein, h ps://www.canopycanopycanopy.com/issues/9/contents/ mao__king_kong__and_the_future_of_the_book Code is Text, Code as Text
The Ins tute of the Future of the Book
Unlike the printed book, the networked book is not bound by me or space. It is an evolving en ty within an ecology of readers, authors and texts. Unlike the printed book, the networked book is never finished: it is always a work in progress.
Bob Stein, h p://www.futureo hebook.org
Example: McKenzie Wark’s book Gamer Theory (2007) Code is Text, Code as Text
Some online examples – and more…
Hyperlinking: Olia Lialina, My Boyfriend Came Back From the War (1996)
Interac on / network: Mar ne Neddam, mouche e.org (1996)
Code (poetry): Mary-Anne Breeze, M[ez]ang.elle (mid 1990s)
Database: Michael Murtaugh & Glorianne Davenport, Jerome B. Wiesner, 1915-1994: A Random Walk through the 20th Century (1995)
Wri ng with Algorithms: Richard Vijgen & JODI, Max Payne Library (2012) / Erica Scour , Dark Archives (2015)