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Scribd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd

Scribd From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Scribd /ˈskrɪbd/ is a digital library and e-book, and subscription service Scribd that includes one million titles.[2][3][4][5] In addition, Scribd hosts 60 million documents on its open platform.[6] Type Private Founded in 2007 by , and Tikhon Bernstam and headquartered in San Founded , California, USA Francisco, California, the company is backed by (March 2007) Khosla Ventures, Y Combinator, Charles River Headquarters San Francisco, California, USA Ventures, and Redpoint Ventures. [7] Scribd's Key people Trip Adler (CEO, co-founder), e-book subscription service is available on Jared Friedman (CTO, Android and iOS and tablets, as well as the Kindle Fire, Nook, and personal co-founder), computers. Subscribers can access unlimited Tikhon Bernstam (COO, books from 1,000 publishers, including co-founder) HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster, Harlequin, Services Social reading and publishing Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Macmillan, platform Bloomsbury, Workman, Lonely Planet, Perseus Website Scribd.com Book Group and . [8][9] (http://www.scribd.com/) Scribd added to their subscription Alexa rank 411 (February 2015)[1] service in November 2014 and comic books in Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese February 2015.[10][11] Scribd has 80 million users, and has been referred to as “the Current Active for books.”[12][13][14] status

Contents

1 History 1.1 Founding (2007-2013) 1.2 Subscription service (2013-present) 1.3 Audiobooks 1.4 2 Timeline 3 Financials 4 Technology 5 Reception 5.1 Accusations of copyright infringement

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5.2 Controversies 5.3 BookID 6 Supported file formats 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

History

Founding (2007-2013)

Scribd began as a site to host and share documents.[13] While at Harvard, Trip Adler was inspired to start Scribd after learning about the lengthy process required to publish academic papers. [15] His father, a doctor at Stanford, was told it would take 18 months to have his medical research published. [15] Adler wanted to create a simple way to publish and share written content online. [16] He co-founded Scribd with Jared Friedman and attended the inaugural class of Y Combinator in the summer of 2006.[17] There, Scribd received its initial $12,000 in seed funding and then launched in a San Francisco apartment in March 2007.[6]

Scribd was called “the Youtube for documents,” allowing anyone to self-publish on the site using its document reader. [15] The document reader turns , Word documents, and PowerPoints into Web documents that can be shared on any website that allows embeds. [18] In its first year, Scribd grew 218 percent with 23.5 million visitors as of November 2008. [19] It also ranked as one of the top 20 social media sites according to Comscore.[20]

In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling writers to easily upload and sell digital copies of their work online.[21] That same month, the site partnered with Simon & Schuster to sell e-books on Scribd.[22] The deal made digital editions of 5,000 titles available for purchase on Scribd, including books from bestselling authors like , Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins Clark. [23]

In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for media companies including , , , The Huffington Post, TechCrunch, and MediaBistro.[24] ProQuest began publishing dissertations and theses on Scribd in December 2009.[25] In August 2010, many notable documents hosted on Scribd began to go viral, including the California Proposition 8 ruling, which received 6,000 views per second, and HP’s lawsuit against ’s move to Oracle.[26] [27]

Subscription service (2013-present)

In October 2013, Scribd officially launched its unlimited subscription service for e-books.[28] This gave users unlimited access to Scribd’s library of digital books for a flat monthly fee.[29]

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The company also announced a partnership with HarperCollins which made the entire backlist of HarperCollins’ catalog available on the subscription service.[30] According to Chantal Restivo-Alessi, chief digital officer at HarperCollins, this marked the first time that the publisher has released such a large portion of its catalog.[31] In March 2014, Scribd announced a deal with Lonely Planet, offering the travel publisher’s entire library on its subscription service.[32]

In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription offering with 10,000 titles from Simon & Schuster. [33] These titles included works from authors such as: Stephen King, , , Mary Higgins Clark, , Chuck Klosterman, David McCullough, and . [34]

In February 2016, it was announced that only titles from a rotating selection of the library would be available for unlimited reading, and in addition a subscriber will have a credits to read three books and one audiobook per month from the entire library; unused credits roll over to the next month.[35]

Audiobooks

In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription library. [36] Wired noted that this was the first subscription service to offer unlimited access to audiobooks, and “it represents a much larger shift in the way digital content is consumed over the net.” [37] In April 2015, the company expanded its audiobook catalog in a deal with .[38] This added 9,000 audiobooks to its platform including titles from authors like , , Gillian Flynn, and George R.R. Martin.[39]

Comics

In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service.[40] The company added 10,000 comics and graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Archie, Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant.[11] Through the service, subscribers now had access to series such as Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, X-O Manowar, and The Avengers.[41][42]

Timeline

In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers and smartphones.[43] In April 2010 Scribd launched a new feature called "Readcast",[44] which allows automatic

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sharing of documents on and .[45] Also in April 2010, Scribd announced its integration of Facebook social plug-ins at the Facebook f8 Developer Conference.[46]

Scribd rolled out a redesign on September 13, 2010 to become, according to TechCrunch, " for reading".[47]

In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscription service, allowing readers to pay a flat monthly fee in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribd's book titles.[48]

Financials

The company was initially funded with US$12,000 from Y Combinator in 2006, and received over US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The Kinsey Hills Group.[49][50] In December 2008, the company raised US$9 million in a second round of funding led by Charles River Ventures with re-investment from Redpoint Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[51] David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO and founder of and Geni, joined Scribd’s board of directors in January 2010. [52]

In January 2011, Scribd raised an additional US$13 million in a round led by MLC Investments of Australia and SVB Capital.[53] In January 2015, the company raised US$22 million in new funding from Khosla Ventures with partner joining the Scribd board of directors.[54]

Technology

In July 2008, Scribd began using iPaper, a rich document format similar to PDF built for the web, which allows users to embed documents into a web page.[55] iPaper was built with , allowing it to be viewed the same across different operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, and Linux) without conversion, as long as the reader has Flash installed (although Scribd has announced non-Flash support for the iPhone).[56] All major document types can be formatted into iPaper including Word docs, PowerPoint presentations, PDFs, OpenDocument documents, OpenOffice.org XML documents, and PostScript files.

All iPaper documents are hosted on Scribd. Scribd allows published documents to either be private or open to the larger Scribd community. The iPaper document viewer is also embeddable in any website or blog, making it simple to embed documents in their original layout regardless of file format. Scribd iPaper required Flash cookies to be enabled, which is the default setting in Flash.[57]

On May 5, 2010, Scribd announced that they would be converting the entire site to HTML5 at the Web 2.0 Conference in San Francisco.[58] TechCrunch reported that Scribd is migrating away from Flash to HTML5. "Scribd co-founder and chief technology officer Jared Friedman tells me: 'We are scrapping three years of Flash development and betting the company on HTML5 because we believe HTML5 is a dramatically better reading experience than Flash.

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Now any document can become a Web page.'"[59] In July 2010 Publishers Weekly wrote a cover story on Scribd entitled "Betting the House on HTML5."[60]

Scribd has its own API to integrate external/third-party applications,[61] but is no longer offering new API accounts.[62]

Since 2010, Scribd has been available on mobile phones and e-readers, in addition to personal computers. As of December 2013, Scribd is available through the various app stores on iOS and Android smartphones and tablets, as well as the Kindle Fire and Nook tablets.

Reception

Scribd has been praised by several newspapers and magazines, including The New York Times, Fast Company, Forbes, and .[63] The company has been dubbed the "Netflix for e-books"[28] by Wired, and is a known pioneer of the "all-you-can-read" model for e-books.[64] Its founders, Trip Adler and Jared Friedman, have been named to Forbes 30 Under 30 and Inc. 35 Under 35.[65][66]

In April 2015, Los Angeles favorably reviewed Scribd’s subscription service by saying, “Subscribing to Scribd is sort of like shopping at Trader Joes: you may not find every product you want, but it sure as hell is convenient, inexpensive, and downright delectable.” [67] Scribd has grown to more than 100 million users in 75 countries who use the site on a monthly basis.[68] As of June 2015, the Scribd app has been downloaded 5.7 million times on Android and 3.3 million times on iOS.[69]

Notable users of Scribd include Virginia senator Mark Warner,[70] former California gubernatorial candidate Meg Whitman, New York Times DealBook reporter Andrew Ross Sorkin, All Things D Reporter Kara Swisher, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Red Cross, UNICEF, World Economic Forum, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, The World Bank, Ford Motor Company, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung and the Hasmonean High School Living Torah.

Accusations of copyright infringement

Scribd has been accused of copyright infringement. In September 2009, American author Elaine Scott alleged that Scribd "shamelessly profits from the stolen copyrighted works of innumerable authors".[71] Her attorneys sought class action status in their efforts to win damages from Scribd for allegedly "egregious copyright infringement" and accused it of calculated copyright infringement for profit.[72][73][74] The suit was dropped in July 2010. [75][76]

In 2007, one year after its inception, Scribd was served with 25 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices.[77]

Controversies

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In March 2009, the passwords of several customers were leaked on Scribd. The passwords were later removed when the news was published by The New York Times. [78][79][80]

In July 2010, GigaOM reported that the script of The Social Network (2010) movie was uploaded and leaked on Scribd; it was promptly taken down per ’s DMCA request.[81]

Following a decision of the Istanbul 12th Criminal Court of Peace, dated 8 March 2013, access to Scribd is blocked for Internet users in Turkey.[82]

BookID

To counteract the uploading of unauthorized content, Scribd created BookID, an automated copyright protection system that helps authors and publishers identify unauthorized use of their works on Scribd. [83] This proprietary technology works by analyzing documents for semantic data, meta data, images, and other elements and creates an encoded “fingerprint” of the copyrighted work. [84] BookID is available for free for authors and publishers whether or not they choose to make their content available through the Scribd platform. [85]

Supported file formats

Supported formats include:[86]

Microsoft Excel (.xls, .xlsx) Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt, .pps, .pptx, .ppsx) (.doc, .docx) OpenDocument (.odt, .odp, .ods, .odf, .odg) OpenOffice.org XML (.sxw, .sxi, .sxc, .sxd) Plain text (.txt) Portable Document Format (.) PostScript (.ps) Rich text format (.rtf) Tagged image file format (.tif, .tiff)

See also

Amazon Lending Library and Kindle Unlimited Document collaboration (company) Wayback Machine Webcite

References

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1. "Scribd.com Site Info". Alexa Internet. 20. "Scribd had a blowout year and so did the Retrieved 2014-12-02. web document". 2. Alexandra Alter (April 16, 2015). "Scribd 21. Brad Stone (17 May 2009). "Site Lets Writers Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Sell Digital Copies". The New York Times. Penguin Random House". The New York Retrieved 11 October 2010. Times. 22. Brad Stone (11 July 2009). "Simon & 3. Zoran Basich (January 5, 2015). "The Daily Schuster to Sell Digital Books on Startup". The Wall Street Journal. Scribd.com". The New York Times. Retrieved 4. "Scribd Adds Audiobooks To All-You-Read 11 October 2010. Library, Piling Pressure On Amazon". 23. Brad Stone (June 12, 2009). "Simon & Forbes. November 6, 2014. Schuster to Sell Digital Books on 5. Jacob Kastrenakes (April 16, 2015). "Scribd Scribd.com". The New York Times. adds over 9,000 more audiobooks to better 24. "From The Desk Of Your News Outlet And take on Audible". The Verge. Scribd". . 2009-10-07. Retrieved 6. "Scribd | Interview with its Co-Founder & 2009-10-07. CEO – Trip Adler". Cleverism. December 10, 25. "Scribd to publish dissertations and theses". 2014. TeleRead. November 17, 2009. 7. "Crunchbase". Crunchbase. January 2, 2015. 26. Liz Gannes (August 4, 2010). "Prop 8 Ruling 8. David Carnoy (January 29, 2014). "Scribd Is Scribd's Most Viral Doc Ever". Gigaom. extends e-book subscription app to Kindle 27. MG Siegler (September 7, 2010). "HP Fire". CNet. Confirms It Is Suing Mark Hurd For Potential 9. Carolyn Kellogg (January 5, 2015). "Scribd Leakage Of Trade Secrets To Oracle". brings in $22 million to expand e-book Techcrunch. subscription service". LA Times. 28. Metz, Cade. "Scribd Challenges Amazon and 10. Ryan Mac (November 6, 2014). "Scribd Adds Apple With 'Netflix for Books' ". Wired. Audiobooks To All-You-Read Library, Piling Retrieved 2013-12-30. Pressure On Amazon". Forbes. 29. Cade Metz (October 1, 2013). "Scribd 11. Anthony Ha (February 10, 2015). "Scribd Challenges Amazon and Apple with ‘Netflix Adds Comics From Marvel, IDW, And Others for Books’". Wired. To Its Subscription E-Book Service". 30. Julie Bosman (October 1, 2013). TechCrunch. "HarperCollins Joins Scribd in E-Book 12. Cade Metz (October 1, 2013). "Scribd Subscription Plan". The New York Times. Challenges Amazon and Apple With ‘Netflix 31. Anthony Ha (1 October 2013). "With for Books’". Wired. HarperCollins Deal, Scribd Unveils Its Bid To 13. Andy Orin (June 11, 2014). "Behind the App: Become The Netflix For Books". The Story of Scribd". Lifehacker. TechCrunch. AOL Inc. Retrieved 1 October 14. Jenna Schnuer (November 8, 2013). "We 2013. Test It: Scribd's All-You-Can Read Digital 32. Anthony Ha (March 26, 2014). "Scribd's Buffet". Entrepreneur. Subscription E-Book Service Moves Into 15. Jill Kransy (June 24, 2014). "Scribd: The Travel With The Full Lonely Planet Library". Library of the Future?". Inc. Techcrunch. 16. "Best Young Tech Entrepreneurs 2010". 33. Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg (March 21, 2014). Bloomberg. "Simon & Schuster, E-Book Services Strike 17. "Scribd". Y Combinator. Deal". The Wall Street Journal. 18. Robert MacMillan (October 7, 2009). "From 34. Laura Hazard Owen (May 21, 2014). "Simon the desk of [your news outlet] and Scribd". & Schuster adds its books to Reuters. subscription sites Scribd and Oyster". 19. Erick Schonfeld (December 31, 2008). Gigaom. "Scribd Had A Blowout Year, And So Did the Web Document". Techcrunch.

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35. Scribd will change its subscription service 54. http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/02/scribd- from unlimited to semi-unlimited khosla-funding/ (http://www.teleread.com/amazon/scribd- 55. "iPaper: a Simple Way to View and Share will-change-subscription-service-unlimited- Documents on the Web". Wired. 2008-02-20. semi-unlimited/) Retrieved February 16, 2016 Retrieved 2014-08-28. 36. Jacob Kastrenakes (November 6, 2014). 56. "Scribd on your iPhone". "Scribd expands its subscription library to 57. "Global Storage Settings panel". include audiobooks". The Verge. Macromedia.com. Retrieved 2009-02-01. 37. Cade Metz (November 6, 2014). "Scribd 58. "HTML5 and The Future of Publishing". Web Rolls Out the Internet’s First All-You- 2.0 Expo. Retrieved 2010-05-06. Can-Listen Audiobooks Service". Wired. 59. Erick Schonfeld (May 5, 2010). "Scribd CTO: 38. Mic Wright (April 16, 2015). "Scribd adds We Are Scrapping Flash And Betting The 9,000 Penguin Random House audiobooks Company On HTML5". Retrieved including ‘Game of Thrones’". The Next Web. October 11, 2010. 39. Alexandra Alter (April 16, 2015). "Scribd 60. "Betting the House on HTML 5". Publishers Expands Audiobook Catalog in Deal With Weekly. Retrieved 2010-07-26. Penguin Random House". The New York 61. "Scribd SAP Largest API Integration Press Times. Release". Scribd. 2009-03-10. Retrieved 40. Davey Alba (February 10, 2015). "Scribd 22 September 2010. Unveils ‘Netflix for Comics’". Wired. 62. "Scribd Developer Documentation". Archived 41. Seth Fiegerman (February 10, 2015). "Scribd from the original on 2015-07-28. gains the superpower of an unlimited comic 63. "Press". Scribd. Retrieved 2013-12-30. book subscription". Mashable. 64. Schnuer, Jenna (2013-11-08). "We Test It: 42. Sarah Mitroff (February 10, 2015). "Scribd Scribd's All-You-Can Read Digital Buffet". serves up all the comics you can read, for $9 Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved 2013-12-31. per month". CNet. 65. Jeff Bercovici, Emily Inverso. "30 Under 30". 43. Fowler, Geoffrey A. (2010-02-10). "Scribd Forbes. Plans Mobile Application". Wall Street 66. Jill Krasny. "Scribd: The Library of the Journal. Retrieved 2010-02-10. Future?". Inc. 44. "Scribd gets 'Readcasting': Autosharing 67. Thomas Harlander (April 16, 2015). "E-Book made easy". CNet. Retrieved 2010-04-21. Throwdown: Which Digital Library Service is 45. "Scribd launches readcast". Marketwire. Right for You?". LA Mag. Retrieved 2010-04-15. 68. J.E. Cooper (June 1, 2015). "Authors, 46. "Scribd's bet on the Facebook Effect". CNN. readers explore the digital world". SF Gate. 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2010-04-21. 69. "Scribd". XYO. June 29, 2015. 47. "Scribd Redesign Is An Attempt To Become 70. "Mark Warner". scribd.com. 29 March 2009. A "Social Network For Reading" ". Retrieved 1 January 2010. TechCrunch. Retrieved 2010-09-13. 71. Johnson, Bobbie (2009-09-21). "Book 48. Carr, Austin (2013-10-01). "Scribd, sharing site Scribd rejects claims of copyright HarperCollins Launch $8.99 Subscription infringement". The Guardian (London). Book Service". Fast Company. Retrieved 72. "Class Action Copyright Suit Filed Against 2013-12-30. Scribd... By Jammie Thomas' Lawyers?". 49. "Scribd Banks $3.5 Million from Redpoint". TechDirt. 2009-09-21. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 50. "Scribd – CrunchBase Company Profile". 73. Greg Sandoval (September 19, 2009). 51. "Scribd raises $9 million, hires new president "Jammie Thomas lawyers file suit against for social publishing". Scribd". Retrieved October 11, 2010. 52. "David Sacks". AngelList. 74. Motoko Rich (2009-09-19). "Jammie Thomas 53. David Kaplan (January 18, 2011). "Scribd lawyers file suit against Scribd". CNET Raises $13 Million To Support Mobile Moves, News.com. Retrieved 2009-09-19. Product Expansion". Gigaom.

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75. "Lawsuit Saying Scribd's Copyright- 80. "Comcast passwords exposed". Protection Filters Infringe On Copyrights Has hothardware.com. 29 March 2009. Retrieved Been Dumped". Scribd. TechDirt. 19 July 1 January 2010. 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010. 81. Gannes, Liz. "Leaked Facebook Movie Script 76. Kravets, David (2010-07-19). "Lawsuit Paints Zuckerberg as Vindictive and Naive". Dropped; Claimed That Copyright-Filtering Gigaom. Violates Copyright". Wired. Retrieved 82. "Freedom on the Net – Turkey 2013". 2013-02-21. Freedom House. Retrieved October 3, 2013. 77. "Scribd looks like a winner". Scribd. 83. "BookID". Scribd. June 29, 2015. TechCrunch. 29 March 2009. Retrieved 84. Michael Kozlowski (October 13, 2014). 1 January 2010. "French Watchdog Accuses Scribd of eBook 78. Stone, Brad (29 March 2009). "passwords of Piracy". Good eReader. comcast customers exposed". nytimes.com. 85. "BookID for Authors and Publishers". Scribd. Retrieved 1 January 2010. June 29, 2015. 79. "Comcast passwords leaked onto the web". 86. Jason (February 26, 2009). "Info, FAQs, and cnet.com. 29 March 2009. Retrieved Forums/FAQ: Writing, Uploading and 1 January 2010. Managing Documents". Retrieved October 11, 2010.

External links

Official website (http://www.scribd.com/) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scribd. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org /w/index.php?title=Scribd&oldid=705441589"

Categories: File sharing communities Online companies American websites Companies based in San Francisco, California Privately held companies in the United States American companies established in 2007 Internet properties established in 2007 2007 establishments in the United States E-book suppliers Technology companies established in 2007 Y Combinator companies

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