World Cities Culture Report 2018 Contents
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WORLD CITIES CULTURE REPORT 2018 CONTENTS CHAIR’S FOREWORD 5 CITY PROFILES 23 AMSTERDAM 24 WORLD CITIES CULTURE FORUM 6 AUSTIN 32 BOGOTÁ 40 REPORT HEADLINES 8 BRUSSELS 48 BUENOS AIRES 56 CULTURE AND THE HUMAN CITY 11 CAPE TOWN 64 CHENGDU 72 DUBLIN 80 EDINBURGH 88 HELSINKI 96 HONG KONG 104 LAGOS 112 LISBON 120 LONDON 128 LOS ANGELES 136 MELBOURNE 144 MILAN 152 MONTRÉAL 160 MOSCOW 168 NEW YORK 176 OSLO 184 PARIS 192 ROME 200 SAN FRANCISCO 208 SEOUL 216 SHENZHEN 224 SINGAPORE 232 STOCKHOLM 240 SYDNEY 248 TAIPEI 256 TOKYO 264 TORONTO 272 VIENNA 280 WARSAW 288 ZÜRICH 296 SEOUL DECLARATION 304 THANK YOU 306 CREDITS 312 3 CHAIR’S FOREWORD Change is the only constant in today’s world. And cities is delivering solutions across all aspects of city policy with are at the frontline. depth and sophistication. Culture is no longer sitting in a backwater, with small teams and small budgets. Although The technological revolution, a new geopolitical landscape, in relative terms, resources for culture might still be small, shifting economic power bases, mass migration and its influence is big. environmental issues are all transforming the world as we know it. As these tectonic plates shift, the pressure is felt Culture is driving regeneration, creating the jobs of the most intensely in cities. future and diverting young people from crime. Culture makes us healthier, facilitates civic engagement and gives Cities are growing rapidly, putting pressure on tourists a reason to visit. It continues to shape the heritage infrastructure and quality of life. Although cities have and identity of our cities. In short, culture addresses all become smarter and more connected, many citizens are the major city challenges we face today – it has moved still left behind. Often the gap between rich and poor is definitively from niche to mainstream. widening and the cost of living is rising. Environmental impacts are felt acutely in cities, with air pollution at This strategic repositioning of culture in the city landscape dangerous levels. Many cities are also dealing with the has not happened by accident. It has happened because threat of terrorism. of the dedication, belief and leadership of artists, organisations and of course, city leaders. And I am proud So, what do cities need to do to respond to this change that the World Cities Culture Forum has become a leading and also get ahead of it? global force in driving transformational change in cities through culture. We all believe that culture is not just The answer must start with leadership. Today, city leaders something to be enjoyed by those that can afford it, it is not are facing unprecedented challenges, many people are a privilege but a right – a basic human right. losing faith in the institutions that represent them, but equally city governments and Mayors are becoming major So, I am excited to introduce the third 2018 World Cities forces for change. City leaders need the confidence to Culture Report, the most comprehensive review of culture dream big, to experiment and to set out a bold and inclusive in cities today. 35 cities have collaborated to give a picture vision for the future. of the issues alongside exciting glimpses of solutions being tested. It shows that culture is flowing across our cities, in For all the myriad challenges, cities are amazing places. every corner, from traditional to unusual spaces, from public They spark new ideas, grow entrepreneurs and power parks to rooftops and railway arches. It also shows us that national economies; they trace histories, celebrate cultures our understanding of culture is expanding – what, how, why and bring people together from all over the world. The raw and where people enjoy culture is not fixed but liquid. ingredients couldn’t be better. People continue to flock to cities for all that they offer – to work, to play and to live a So I am optimistic. While there remain serious challenges full life. in all our cities, there has never been a better moment to unlock the potential for culture to transform them. So where does culture fit in this picture? Justine Simons OBE In the midst of this rapidly changing environment, culture Chair, World Cities Culture Forum has emerged as a powerful force. True to its nature, Deputy Mayor for Culture and Creative Industries creativity has flowed into unexpected places and culture Mayor of London’s Office ‘Chubby4 Hearts Over London’ conceivedWORLD by Anya CITIES Hindmarch CULTURE at Marble REPORT Arch. Image 2018 © Max Cisotti/Getty Images CHAIR’S FOREWORD 5 WORLD CITIES CULTURE FORUM The World Cities Culture Forum is global leadership on EVIDENCE culture. It can be summed up in five words. Evidence is essential if we are to achieve our goal. Leadership, Evidence, Inspiration and Global Collaboration. But culture is hard to measure in a way that does justice to the breadth and sophistication of its impact. LEADERSHIP We are building an evidence base about the many and Our members are some of the most informed and wide-ranging ways in which culture affects a world city influential cultural officials in the world. They know that and its inhabitants. leadership is necessary in order to make cities more vibrant, inclusive and liveable. The Forum allows members to share The landmark World Cities Culture Report is at the heart their experiences and develop the knowledge they need in of our research programme. It is the most comprehensive order to exercise that leadership. report of its kind, showing that, across the globe, culture is as important to the world city as finance and trade. It shows Since the nine founder cities met in London in 2012, the that culture plays an integral role in shaping the identity, Forum has grown rapidly. It now includes 38 members from economy and quality of life of world cities. leading cities around the world. Our Policy and Practice Series is the latest strand in our GLOBAL COLLABORATION programme; a series of in-depth investigations focusing on shared challenges and showcasing effective responses and We are a collaborative network of major cities seeking to case studies from our city members. We have published advance the case for culture across all areas of urban policy. policy handbooks on Making Space for Culture and Culture and Climate Change. They include a series of case Once a year we come together for the World Cities Culture studies that identify the ingredients that make policies Summit. Hosted on a rotating basis by member cities, this or programmes work, helping policymakers to better unique gathering allows city leaders to share ideas and understand the options available to address these issues. knowledge about the role of culture in building sustainable cities. This is supported by an ongoing programme of INSPIRATION themed symposia, regional summits and policy workshops. All around the world, culture is having an extraordinary and Members learn from each other by examining common far reaching impact on cities and their people. The results challenges and dilemmas and comparing approaches are extensive and profound. From workspace for artists in to cultural investment and development. We share our Toronto, Sydney’s cultural infrastructure plan, tourism in successes, learn from our mistakes and together build Amsterdam and urban renewal through street art in Bogotá the arguments we need to reposition culture in global to broadening access to culture for all in London and civic- cities. In 2017 we launched our pilot Leadership Exchange led engagement in Seoul. Programme, supported by Bloomberg Philanthropies and Google Arts & Culture. This programme is designed to We want everyone involved in city leadership – government, enable direct exchanges between cities, to be a catalyst business, development, education, health – to understand for positive change and to help cities develop dynamic the essential contribution culture makes to prosperity and solutions to shared challenges. quality of life. We want the widest acknowledgement that in a globalised world, no city can be without it. 6 WORLD CITIES CULTURE REPORT 2018 World Cities Culture Summit Seoul 2017.WORLD Image courtesy CITIES of CULTURE Seoul Foundation FORUM for Arts and Culture 7 REPORT HEADLINES In the World Cities Culture Report 2015, we spoke with • This policy focus towards inclusiveness requires a opinion formers from each of our member cities – looking shift in direction: an ‘opening out’ of culture in which city at the different challenges and opportunities facing their governments are recognising, redefining and supporting cities and how culture could address them. The report new forms of culture, in new spaces, with new technologies, highlighted culture as a key ingredient of world cities’ by new makers, to be enjoyed by new audiences. success, embedded across all aspects of urban planning and policy. For the World Cities Culture Report 2018, we • For world cities to succeed it is not enough to simply went directly to the cities’ policy makers and asked what have culture as the golden thread of urban policy. Culture their most innovative programmes and policies were, as also needs to be open – open to all people and new places, well as key trends and infrastructure projects taking place to different ideas and new forms – so that all citizens can across their cities. see a place for themselves in the city, and can coexist and collaborate with their neighbours, rather than resent or The result is the most important compendium of current distrust them. city cultural policies. In the face of a changing world order, it reveals a shared purpose across our world cities. The findings show a remarkable alignment across our diverse membership, providing a new, critical role for culture in addressing the inclusion of all citizens and a new definition of how, where and by whom culture is experienced.