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HN 244 Vorwort.Fm Seite IV Dienstag, 7 HN 244_Vorwort.fm Seite IV Dienstag, 7. Dezember 2010 11:19 11 IV Vorwort matik“ auffassen. Die beiden Werke schreibt: „Eben habe ich 18 Davids- Carnaval und Davidsbündlertänze bündlertänze gemacht – mitten in stehen denn auch in enger Beziehung meinem schwerbewegten Leben“, d. h. zueinander. Als Clara Wieck sich in ei- mitten in den Auseinandersetzungen um nem Brief vom 3. Februar 1838 etwas Clara, mit der er sich am 15. August Als Robert Schumann 1854 eine Ausga- sehr zurückhaltend über die Davids- nach monatelangem Getrenntsein heim- be seiner sämtlichen Schriften vorberei- bündlertänze äußerte und gestand, „sie lich verlobt hatte. Die Beziehungen zu tete, schrieb er in der Einleitung dazu: gleichen oft zu sehr dem Carnaval, der Clara sind in den Davidsbündlertänzen „Zu Ende des Jahres 1833 fand sich in mir das Liebste von diesen kleineren denn auch ganz deutlich, vor allem na- Leipzig […] eine Anzahl meist jüngerer Piecen ist, die Du geschrieben“, wider- türlich durch das den Zyklus einleitende Musiker zusammen […] zum Austausch sprach Schumann einerseits ganz ent- Motto von C.W.; Schumann entnahm es der Gedanken über die Kunst, die ihnen schieden, stellte aber andererseits doch einer Mazurka aus Claras Soirées mu- Speise und Trank des Lebens war, – die den folgenden Vergleich zwischen den sicales op. 6. Dieser Opuszahl passte Musik. Man kann nicht sagen, daß die beiden Werken an: „Ich meine, sie sind Schumann wohl ganz bewusst auch die damaligen musikalischen Zustände ganz anders als der Carnaval und ver- seines eigenen Werkes an – eine ganze Deutschlands sehr erfreulich waren […]. halten sich zu diesem wie Gesichter zu Reihe früher entstandener Stücke erhielt Da fuhr denn eines Tages der Gedanke Masken.“ dadurch höhere Opuszahlen (z. B. der durch die jungen Brauseköpfe: laßt uns Bezeichnenderweise tauchen im Car- Carnaval op. 9 und die Fantasiestücke nicht müßig zusehen […], greift an, daß naval auch die Namen Florestan und op. 12). An seinen Lehrer Heinrich die Poesie der Kunst wieder zu Ehren Eusebius auf, die wichtigsten Figuren Dorn schrieb er am 5. September 1839 komme. So entstanden die ersten Blätter des geheimnisvollen „Davidsbundes“, rückblickend: „Das Concert, die Sonate, einer neuen Zeitschrift für Musik.“ Ge- die Schumanns Doppelnatur verkörpern die Davidsbündlertänze, die Kreisleria- gen Ende der Einleitung stellt er diesem sollen – Florestan das aufbrausend- na und die Novelletten hat sie [Clara] realen Bund einen anderen, fiktiven ge- übermütige, gelegentlich aber auch beinahe allein veranlaßt.“ Um so er- genüber, der „nur in dem Kopf seines grüblerische Temperament, Eusebius staunlicher ist es, dass Schumann das Stifters existierte, der Davidsbündler. das sanfte und in sich zurückgezogene Werk nicht Clara widmete, sondern dem Es schien, verschiedene Ansichten der Wesen. Neben ihnen hatte Schumann Goethe-Enkel Walther von Goethe, der Kunstanschauung zur Aussprache zu in den fiktiven Bund auch noch Clara in Leipzig bei Mendelssohn studierte bringen, nicht unpassend, gegensätz- (= Chiara, Chiarina; siehe Carnaval und für Schumann wohl zum erwei- liche Künstlercharaktere zu erfinden, Nr. 12) und ihren Vater (= Meister terten „Davidsbund“ gehörte. von denen Florestan und Eusebius die Raro) aufgenommen, außerdem noch Claras Ja-Wort vom 15. August hatte bedeutendsten waren […]. Diese Da- Mendelssohn (= F. Meritis), Zuccalma- Schumann in eine Hochstimmung ver- vidsbündlerschaft zog sich, wie ein ro- glio, den berühmten Volksliedsammler setzt. Trotz der deswegen bevorstehen- ther Faden, durch die Zeitschrift [die (= St. Diamond) und verschiedene den und von Anfang an vorhersehbaren von ihm gegründete NEUE ZEITSCHRIFT Freunde, wie etwa J.F.E. Sokolowski Schwierigkeiten mit Claras Vater no- FÜR MUSIK], ‚Wahrheit und Dichtung‘ aus Königsberg (= M. Hahnbüchen, tierte er in dem bereits erwähnten Rück- in humoristischer Weise verbindend“. siehe Davidsbündlertänze Heft I Nr. 3) blick über diese Zeit: „Die seligsten u. Und, möchte man hinzufügen, diese u.v.a. – Florestan und Eusebius spielen reinsten Tage meines Lebens vom 12ten „Davidsbündlerschaft“ hatte natürlich schließlich in den Davidsbündlertänzen August bis 13ten September.“ Und an einen ganz bestimmten Zweck, nämlich die zentrale Rolle, indem Schumann ih- Clara schrieb er am 5. Januar 1838, in den Kampf gegen alles Althergebrach- nen wechselweise die Autorschaft der den Tänzen seien „viele Hochzeitsge- te, Rückwärtsgewandte, im damaligen einzelnen Stücke zuweist und diese da- danken – sie sind in der schönsten Erre- Sprachgebrauch „Philisterhafte“ in der mit zugleich entsprechend den Wesens- gung entstanden, wie ich mich nur je Kunst. Nicht von ungefähr war der Na- eigenschaften der beiden Figuren cha- besinnen kann“. Nachdem er ihr ein menspatron des Bundes der biblische rakterisiert. besonders aufwendig ausgestattetes David, der sich als Knabe dem Kampf Entstanden sind die Davidsbündler- Exemplar hatte schicken lassen, gestand mit Goliath, dem Anführer der Philister, tänze im Spätsommer 1837. Am 1. Ok- er ihr am 7. Februar: „Was aber in den gestellt und ihn siegreich beendet hatte, tober 1837 notierte Schumann in einem Tänzen steht, das wird mir meine Clara und der als König vor der Bundeslade Rückblick kurz und knapp ins Tage- herausfinden, der sie mehr wie irgend tanzte und die Harfe spielte. buch: „Im August (20 – letzte) Compo- etwas von mir gewidmet sind – ein gan- Das Schlussstück aus Schumanns sition der Davidsbündlertänze.“ Mögli- zer Polterabend nämlich ist die Ge- Carnaval trägt den Titel Marche des cherweise bezeichnet die folgende Stelle schichte u. Du kannst Dir nun Anfang Davidsbündler contre les Philistins. Man aus seinem Brief vom 21. September und Schluß aus mahlen. War ich je kann diesen Titel als Motto zu Schu- an den Komponisten Adolph Henselt glücklich am Clavier, so war ich es als manns gesamter „Davidsbündler-The- die Fertigstellung des neuen Werks; er ich sie componirte.“ HN 244_Vorwort.fm Seite V Dienstag, 7. Dezember 2010 11:19 11 V Wie bereits angedeutet, hatte Clara diese Mystifizierung wieder auf und ließ Text der Fassung von 1850 wiederzuge- selbst mit dem neuen Werk jedoch an- die beiden Namen durch seinen eigenen ben. Eine ausführliche Stellungnahme scheinend einige Verständnisprobleme. ersetzen. Die Idee, das Werk bei Friese dazu sowie genauere Angaben zu den Erst nach Schumanns Tod nahm sie erscheinen zu lassen, erwies sich recht Quellen finden sich in den Bemerkungen die Stücke in ihr Repertoire auf. Am bald als weniger glücklich, und so ver- am Ende des Bandes, wo auch die Ab- 27. März 1860 spielte sie zehn Num- suchte Schumann, die Platten an einen weichungen zwischen den beiden Aus- mern daraus erstmals in einem öffent- ausgewiesenen Musikverlag zu verkau- gaben von 1838 und 1850 verzeichnet lichen Konzert. Auch Johannes Brahms fen. Am 5. November 1842 bot er die sind. Auf die wichtigsten ist in Fußno- nahm sich des Werkes an. Wahrschein- Davidsbündlertänze Friedrich Hofmeis- ten hingewiesen. Zeichen, die in den lich war er der erste, der es als Ganzes ter an, weil sie „bei Friese erschienen Quellen fehlen, aber musikalisch not- aufführte – am 15. März 1869 in Buda- und, da dieser kein Musikalienhändler wendig oder durch Analogie begründet pest bei einem Konzert, das er zusam- ist, fast gar nicht bekannt worden sind, sind, wurden in runde Klammern ge- men mit dem Sänger Julius Stockhausen was sich gewiß ändern würde, sobald setzt. veranstaltete. Er gab die Davidsbünd- sich ein ordentlicher Verleger dafür in- lertänze später innerhalb der von Clara teressirte, denn gerade diese Stücke Allen Bibliotheken, die Quellenkopien Schumann initiierten ersten Gesamtaus- müßten leicht Anklang auch in Dilet- zur Verfügung gestellt haben, sei herz- gabe heraus. Brahms besaß auch das tantenkreisen finden. Statt des mysti- lich gedankt. Autograph des Werkes, das sich daher in schen Titels, oder unter ihn, auf einem seinem Nachlass im Archiv der Gesell- neuen Blatte, müßte man vielleicht: Remagen, Herbst 2006 schaft der Musikfreunde Wien befindet. ‚Zwölf [sic!] Charakterstücke‘ setzen“. Ernst Herttrich Es enthält zusätzlich zu den 18 Stücken Hofmeister lehnte jedoch ab, und einen durchgestrichenen Tanz in g-moll, auch Versuche Schumanns, die Davids- der als Nr. 6 von Heft II nummeriert ist. bündlertänze bei den Verlegern Whist- Die Stücke Nr. I/7 und Nr. II/1 sind im ling in Leipzig (1843/45) oder bei Autograph mit 11. bzw. 7. September Luckhardt in Kassel (1849/50) unter- datiert. Das bedeutet, die 18 Nummern zubringen, blieben erfolglos. Erst der Preface wurden nicht in der Reihenfolge der Hamburger Verleger Schuberth bot sich, Druckfassung komponiert. Schumann wohl unter dem Eindruck des Erfolges hat sie mehrmals umgestellt, bis er die des bei ihm erschienenen Album für die endgültige Folge festlegte. Jugend op. 68, am 19. März 1850 an, In 1854 Robert Schumann prepared a Um das Werk möglichst schnell ge- das Werk in seinen Verlagskatalog auf- complete edition of his writings. He ex- druckt zu bekommen – anscheinend zunehmen. Allerdings ging er dabei da- plained the historical background in his sollte es eine Art Verlobungsgeschenk von aus, „daß in den Platten […] nichts introduction: “At the end of 1833 a für Clara sein –, versuchte Schumann zu ändern seyn werde“ (Brief vom 1. Ju- large number of musicians, most of gar nicht erst, es bei einem der großen li 1850). Schumann nahm aber dann them young, convened in Leipzig […] to Musikverlage unterzubringen, sondern doch eine Reihe von Änderungen vor. exchange ideas on the art which
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