DOCSLIB.ORG

Differential Response of Skin Epithelium to Growth-Promoting Effects of Subcutaneously Transplanted Tumor*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Differential Response of Skin Epithelium to Growth-Promoting Effects of Subcutaneously Transplanted Tumor* Differential Response of Skin Epithelium to Growth-promoting Effects of Subcutaneously Transplanted Tumor* THOMASS.ARGYRISANDBERTIEF. ARGYRIS (Department of Zoology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York) SUMMARY Subcutaneously transplanted Ehrlich ascites tumor invaded the subcutis of the overlying skin and resulted in epidermal enlargement, consisting of cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The resting hair follicles, on the other hand, were completely un affected by the invading tumor. The growing tumor eventually invaded the dermis, resulting in a further increase in the thickness of the epidermis. However, the hair follicles, even though completely surrounded by the invading tumor, remained un affected. The cells of the resting hair follicles and those of the basal layer of the epidermis had the same developmental potentiality and were interchangeable. Therefore, the results indicate that the physiological condition of a tissue, or its competence, is important in determining a positive outcome in a growth-promoting interaction. We report the results of an investigation which mor. Plucking initiated hair growth in the plucked demonstrates that Subcutaneously transplanted area only (13). Upon completion of the growth Ehrlich ascites tumor stimulates the epidermis of phase of the hair growth cycle the hair follicles the skin but does not affect the resting hair fol again entered the resting phase and remained licles. These results are important, because they there throughout the course of the experimental demonstrate that two tissues—namely, the epi period; if not, the animals were discarded. dermis and resting hair follicles—which are de- To study the effects of the Ehrlich ascites tumor velopmentally equivalent and are interchangeable on the skin, 69 mice were given inoculations sub- (12, 14), respond differently, presumably to the cutaneously of 0.1 ml. of Ehrlich ascites tumor. same growth-promoting influences. For details of the technic, precautions taken to maintain sterility, and source of tumor, see MATERIALS AND METHODS Argyris and Argyris (2, 3). Biopsy specimens of In total, 189 young adult C57BL mice of both the tumor and overlying skin were taken at 2, 4, 7, sexes were used in this investigation. All mice 10, 14, 21, and 28 days. Six hours prior to removal came from our own inbred colony or from the of the tumor and the overlying skin, the mice Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Bar Harbor, were given injections Subcutaneously of 0.1 mg. Maine. The mice were kept in an air-conditioned colchicine in 0.25 ml. of saline. As controls, six animal room, fed Purina Laboratory Chow and mice whose skin was in the resting phase were water ad libitum, and lettuce and cod liver oil- given injections of colchicine, as described above, soaked pellets, weekly. and biopsy specimens of the skin were taken 6 The hair follicles of mice undergo cycles of hours later. growth and rest (12, 14). To be certain that the To determine the effect of mild epidermal dam hair follicles would be in the resting phase through age, twenty mice with resting hair follicles were out the course of investigation, all mice were shaved. Biopsy specimens were taken at 2, 3, 4, 7, plucked 21 days previous to inoculation of the tu- and 9 days. These mice were pretreated with col * This investigation was supported by grants from Ruth chicine prior to removal of the biopsy specimens Estrin Goldberg Memorial Foundation and the National as described above. Science Foundation. All biopsy specimens were fixed in 10 per cent Received for publication July 24, 1961. formol-calcium, dehydrated and cleared in dioxan, 73 Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 28, 2021. © 1962 American Association for Cancer Research. 74 Cancer Research Vol. 22, January 1962 embedded in paraffin, and semi-serially sectioned at reasonable to consider the upper sheath of the 6 p. Sections were stained with toluidine blue, pH resting follicle functionally as a continuation of 3.5. the basal layer of the epidermis (9),2 a convention To relate the histological changes with tumor which we shall arbitrarily use. growth, about 60 mice were given inoculations of There is considerable mitotic activity in the 0.1 ml. of Ehrlich ascites tumor as described sebaceous glands but none in the dermis. Mitotic above. Tumors were dissected free and their wet activity is also absent in the panniculus carnosus, and dry weights determined at 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, the muscle layer of the skin. Beneath the pannicu and 28 days. Similarly, 40 mice were given sub lus carnosus is a thin layer of loose areolar connec cutaneous inoculations of .05 ml. of tumor, and tive tissue, in which mitoses also are rare. the tumors were dissected out and their wet and Histological changes in Ehrlich ascites tumor and dry weights determined at 2, 7, 10, and 14 days. mouse skin following tumor inoculation.—Within 2 days after tumor inoculation the tumor showed RESULTS considerable growth (Table 1). It was composed of Histology of mouse skin.—A bare outline of the two areas: the outer area was deeply basophilic histological structure and mitotic pattern of mouse and had a number of layers of cells in which skin with resting hair follicles, pretreated with mitoses were frequent; the central area was under going necrosis, but mitoses might also be seen. TABLE1 The skin was not invaded and was normal, but WETANDDRYWEIGHTSOFEHRLICHASCITESTUMOR the subpannicular connective tissue was stimu (EAT)ATDIFFERENTDAYSAFTERSUBCUTANEOUS lated, showing a considerable amount of mitosis INOCULATION and metachromasia. Four to 6 days after tumor inoculation, the EAT*No.tumors7612151064WeightML. EAT*No.tumora895117WeightML. tumor did not show any significant increase in mass (Table 1); however, both outer and central mg.(Av.±S.E.)Wet58in tag.(Av.±S.E.)Wet19±434in DAT12467101421280.1 areas of the tumor appeared thicker. In ten cases the skin was normal except for a mild cellular in filtration in the subcutis. However, in three biopsy specimens the tumor had invaded the skin as far as the dermis. In these cases there was a +744 ±.18.5+.113 definite enlargement of the epidermis, owing to an +859 +534 +437±738 +19±117 increase in cell number and size; but the resting +6114 +121+320+. hair follicles were unaffected (Fig. 2). +10108+4127 Tumor mass was increased by 10 days (Table 724 + 7Dry3±.66+.910+ 1 +7309 +251+60.05 1). Correspondingly, both the outer area and the + 36Dry12 central necrotic area were bigger. Most of the sections showed normal skin, with the exception of * Amount of fluid tumor inoculated subcutaneously. a definite cellular infiltration in the panniculus carnosus and subcutis. The underlying subpan colchicine, is presented for purposes of orientation. nicular connective tissue continued to be enor Details may be found in Chase (12) and Montagna mously thickened, had many mitotic figures, and (14). was metachromatic. The epidermis is one or two cell layers in thick In a few cases, the subcutis of the skin was in ness. The basal layer shows occasional mitotic vaded by tumor cells. As before, the epidermis, figures. The resting hair follicles were made up of but not the hair follicles, appeared to be stimu a single epithelial sheath, the external root sheath, lated. However, adjacent skin areas, where tumor a sebaceous gland, and a dermal papilla. The rest invasion had not occurred, did not show epidermal ing hair follicle sheath below the level of the outlet stimulation, even though the tumor beneath the of the sebaceous gland rarely shows mitotic activ skin had reached a considerable size. ity, but the upper part of the hair follicle, from the The situation at 14 and 21 days was essentially level of the sebaceous gland to the epidermal sur the same, except that the tumor was much larger face, has mitotic activity similar to the basal (Table 1), and the number of biopsy specimens layer of the epidermis. It also has the same diurnal showing tumor invasion and epidermal stimulation mitotic rhythm as the epidermis (9-11), and it had increased. In almost all cases tumor invasion responds similarly to the epidermis to a variety of 1T. S. Argyris, unpublished observations. damaging agents.1 Indeed, some suggest that it is 2H. B. Chase, personal communication. Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 28, 2021. © 1962 American Association for Cancer Research. ARGYRISANDARGYRIS—GrowthPromotionof Skin by Tumor 75 continued to be limited to the subcutis, although damage. To test this possibility the effects of in some cases the tumor had begun to invade the shaving have been studied. dermis (Fig. 3). Shaving produced epidermal enlargement; but, By 28 days the tumor had further increased in in addition, hair follicle stimulation also occurred size (Table 1) and in some cases had resulted in even though histological examination showed that skin ulcération.Marked tumor invasion of the skin shaving had not resulted in any open wounds or was prominent. In many cases the tumor had com damage to the hair follicles. Moreover, the resting pletely invaded the subcutis and dermis and might hair follicles had their club hairs intact as late as reach the epidermal-dermal junction (Fig. 4). In 9 days after shaving. This indicates that dislodge- such cases the epidermal stimulation was usually ment of club hairs, which can be sufficient stimu maximal. The epidermis might contain five to lus for hair growth, had probably not occurred, eight cell layers of enlarged basophilic cells. The since club hairs which have been dislodged usually hair follicles, however, remained completely de fall out within 5-6 days.2 Finally, epidermal en void of mitotic activity even though they might be largement was transient. It began at about 2-3 not only completely surrounded by the tumor but days and was gone by 9 days.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Long-Lasting Muscle Thinning Induced by Infrared Irradiation Specialized with Wavelengths and Contact Cooling: a Preliminary Report
    Long-Lasting Muscle Thinning Induced by Infrared Irradiation Specialized With Wavelengths and Contact Cooling: A Preliminary Report Yohei Tanaka, MD, Kiyoshi Matsuo, MD, PhD, and Shunsuke Yuzuriha, MD, PhD Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Correspondence: [email protected] Published May 28, 2010 Objective: Infrared (IR) irradiation specialized with wavelengths and contact cooling increases the amount of water in the dermis to protect the subcutaneous tissues against IR damage; thus, it is applied to smooth forehead wrinkles. However, this treatment consistently induces brow ptosis. Therefore, we investigated whether IR irradiation induces muscle thinning. Methods: Rat central back tissues were irradiated with the specialized IR device. Histological evaluation was performed on sagittal slices that included skin, panniculus carnosus, and deep muscles. Results: Significant reductions in panniculus carnosus thickness were observed between controls and irradiated tissues at postirradiation day 30 (P30), P60, P90, and P180; however, no reduction was observed in nonirradiated controls from days 0 to 180. No significant changes were observed in the trunk muscle over time. From day 0, dermal thickness was significantly reduced at P90 and P180; however, no difference was observed between P180 and nonirradiated controls at day 180. DNA degradation consistent with apoptosis was detected in the panniculus carnosus at P7 and P30. Conclusions: We found that IR irradiation induced long-lasting superficial muscle thinning, probably by a kind of apoptosis. The panniculus carnosus is equivalent to the superficial facial muscles of humans; thus, the changes observed here reflected those in the frontalis muscle that resulted in brow ptosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Regeneration with All Accessory Organs Following Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation
    JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE RESEARCH ARTICLE J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/term.2374 Skin regeneration with all accessory organs following ablation with irreversible electroporation Alexander Golberg1,2*, Martin Villiger3, G. Felix Broelsch4, Kyle P. Quinn5,6, Hassan Albadawi7†, Saiqa Khan4, Michael T. Watkins7, Irene Georgakoudi5, William G. Austen Jr4, Marianna Bei1, Brett E. Bouma3,8, Martin C. Mihm Jr9 and Martin L. Yarmush1,10* 1Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA 2Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 3Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA 4Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA 6Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA 7Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA 8Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA 9Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA 10Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA Abstract Skin scar formation is a complex process that results in the formation of dense extracellular matrix (ECM) without normal skin appendages such as hair and glands. The absence of a scarless healing model in adult mammals prevents the development of successful therapies.
    [Show full text]
  • Gen Anat-Skin
    SKIN • Cutis,integument • External covering • Skin+its appendages-- -integumentary system • Largest organ---15 to 20% body mass. LAYERS • Epidermis •Dermis Types • Thick and thin(1-5 mm thick) • Hairy and non hairy Thick skin EXAMPLES • THICK---PALMS AND SOLES BUT ANATOMICALLY THE BACK HAS THICK SKIN. REST OF BODY HAS THIN SKIN • NON HAIRY----PALMS AND SOLES,DORSAL SURFACE OF DISTAL PHALANX,GLANS PENIS,LABIA MINORA,LABIA MAJORA AND UMBLICUS FUNCTIONS • Barrier • Immunologic • Homeostasis •Sensory • Endocrine • excretory EPIDERMIS(layers) • Stratum basale or stratum germinativum • Stratum spinosum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum lucidum • Stratum corneum Type of cells in epidermis and keratinization • Keratinocytes • Melanocytes • Langerhans • Merkels cells DERMIS LAYERS---- 1.PAPILLARY • Dermal papillae • Complementary epidermal ridges or rete ridges • Dermal ridges in thick skin • Hemidesmosomes present both in dermis and epidermis RETICULAR LAYER •DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TIISUE Sensory receptors • Free nerve endings • Ruffini end organs • Pacinian and • Meissners corpuscles Blood supply • Fasciocutaneous A • Musculocutaneous A • Direct cutaneous A APPENDAGES • Hair follicle producing hair • Sweat glands(sudoriferous) • Sebaceous glands • Nails Hair follicle • Invagination of epidermis • Parts---infundibulum, isthmus, inferior part having bulb and invagination HAIR follicle layers • Outer and inner root sheath • Types of hair vellus, terminal, club • Phases of growth— anagen, catagen and telogen Hair shaft • Cuticle •Cortex • Medulla
    [Show full text]
  • The Bald Area of the Guinea-Pig
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector THE BALD AREA OF THE GIJINEAPIG* HERSCHEL S. ZACKHEIM, M.D. AND LENORE LANGS, B.S. The purpose of this report is to draw attentioncell layer. Melanocytes, as revealed by the DOPA to the presence of a hairless area behind the eartechnic, are abundant in the basal layer if the of the guinea-pig. In conversations with others,region is pigmented (Fig. 3). Directly under the it is apparent that many investigators are notepidermis is a thin layer of fine collagen fibers. aware of it. While its occurrence has been men-The bulk of the cutis is composed of coarse tioned (1), we have not found any publishedcollagen fibers similar to the cutis elsewhere. The detailed description of it. cutis of the bald region is of good thickness, but The area varies from about 1.0 to 1.5 cm. inis somewhat thinner than that of the adjacent diameter depending on the size of the animal.skin or back. Representative sections of the cutis It is symmetrically located caudal to the ear, andof the bald spot varied in thickness from 0.5 to is separated from the posterior surface of the1.0 mm., while the cutis of the adjacent skin and ear by a rim of coarse hairs. It may be completelyback ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 mm. Scattered bald or contain some scattered fine hairs (Fig. 1).striated muscle fibers were frequently found in the This region tends to be slightly larger andmid or upper cutis of the bald spot (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Calcium-Binding Protein Is a Parvalbumin of the Panniculus Carnosus*
    Skin Calcium-Binding Protein Is a Parvalbumin of the Panniculus Carnosus* Pam ela Hawley-Nelson, M.S. , M artin W. Berchtold, Ph.D., H em·ik Huitfeldt, M .D., Jack Spi egel , Ph.D., and Stuart H . Yusp a, M.D. Laboraco ry of Cellular Ca rcinogenes is and T umor Promotion, Nati onal Cancer Institute (PI-1 -N , HI-I , SHY), lkthcsda, Ma rybnd; Depart ment of Cell Biology. Baylor College of Med icine (MWB) , Houston, Texas; and Department of Biology. Catholi c University of Ameri ca (PI-1 -N , JS) , Was hington, D.C. , U.S.A. Skin calcium-binding protein (SCaBP) is a ca lcium binding that the l\1,. 13,000 PV/SCaBP cross-reacting antigen was protein purified from w hole rat skin. It has a molecul ar res tricted to the hypodermal tiss ue removed by scrapin g. weig ht o f approx11nately 12,000 daltons but migrates at l\1,. Immunoflu orescent stain ing of Bouin-fixed skin sections 13,000 on sodium dodecyl sul fa te (S D S)-polyacrylamJde w ith these antisera confirmed the locali za ti on ofPV /SCaBP gels. On nitrocellulose blots of SDS-polyacrylamide gels, to the panniculus ca rnosus, a h ypodermal m uscle layer. 6 different antisera to SC aBP reacted equally wel l with N ewborn mouse skin does no t conta in this antigen. Ad­ SCaBP and parvalbumin (PV), an 11 ,500-dalton calcium­ ditional polypeptides of M ,. 10, 500 and 12,000 on SDS gel s bin ding pro tein purifi ed from rat skeletal muscle, which of extracts from the epidermis of newborn and adult rats also migrates at M ,.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidade Federal Do Ceará Faculdade De Medicina Departamento De Fisiologia E Farmacologia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGIA E FARMACOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FARMACOLOGIA RICARDO DE OLIVEIRA LIMA PAPEL DA ADENOSINA E DA VIA PI3K/AKT/mTOR NO EFEITO PROTETOR DO PRÉ-CONDICIONAMENTO ISQUÊMICO REMOTO NA FORMAÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EXPERIMENTAL FORTALEZA 2019 RICARDO DE OLIVEIRA LIMA PAPEL DA ADENOSINA E DA VIA PI3K/AKT/mTOR NO EFEITO PROTETOR DO PRÉ-CONDICIONAMENTO ISQUÊMICO REMOTO NA FORMAÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EXPERIMENTAL Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós- graduação em Farmacologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obter o título de Doutor em Farmacologia. Área de concentração: Ciências Biológicas II. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Mariana Lima Vale. FORTALEZA 2019 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação naPublicação Universidade Federal do Ceará Biblioteca Universitária Gerada automaticamente pelo módulo Catalog, mediante os dados fornecidos pelo autor L71p Lima, Ricardo de Oliveira. Papel da adenosina e da via PI3K/AKT/mTOR no efeito protetor do pré- condicionamento isquêmico remoto na formação de lesão por pressão experimental / Ricardo de Oliveira Lima. – 2019. 171 f. : il. color. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Fortaleza, 2019. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Mariana Lima Vale. 1. Pré-condicionamento isquêmico remoto. 2. Lesão por Pressão. 3. Adenosina. I. Título. CDD 615.1 RICARDO DE OLIVEIRA LIMA PAPEL DA ADENOSINA E DA VIA PI3K/AKT/mTOR NO EFEITO PROTETOR DO PRÉ-CONDICIONAMENTO ISQUÊMICO REMOTO NA FORMAÇÃO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EXPERIMENTAL Tese apresentada ao programa de Pós- graduação em Farmacologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obter o título de Doutor em Farmacologia.
    [Show full text]
  • Guilherme Abbud Franco Lapin Lidocaína, Bupivacaína E Ropivacaína Sobre a Quantidade Do Peptídeo Relacionado Com Gene De
    GUILHERME ABBUD FRANCO LAPIN LIDOCAÍNA, BUPIVACAÍNA E ROPIVACAÍNA SOBRE A QUANTIDADE DO PEPTÍDEO RELACIONADO COM GENE DE CALCITONINA E SUBSTÂNCIA P NA PELE INCISADA DE RATOS. Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências. SÃO PAULO 2013 GUILHERME ABBUD FRANCO LAPIN LIDOCAÍNA, BUPIVACAÍNA E ROPIVACAÍNA SOBRE A QUANTIDADE DO PEPTÍDEO RELACIONADO COM GENE DE CALCITONINA E SUBSTÂNCIA P NA PELE INCISADA DE RATOS. Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências. ORIENTADOR: Prof.ª Dr.ª LYDIA MASAKO FERREIRA COORIENTADORES: Prof. Dr. BERNARDO HOCHMAN Prof. Dr. GERSON CHADI SÃO PAULO 2013 Lapin, Guilherme Abbud Franco Lidocaína, bupivacaína e ropivacaína sobre a quantidade do peptídeo relacionado com gene de calcitonina e substância p na pele incisada de ratos / Guilherme Abbud Franco Lapin. – São Paulo, 2013. xvii, 90p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cirurgia Translacional. Título em inglês: Lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine on the amount of neuropeptides CGRP and SP in incised rat skin. 1. Inflamação Neurogênica. 2. Neuropeptídeos. 3. Substância P. 4. Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina. 5. Anestésicos Locais. 6. Lidocaína. 7. Bupivacaína. 8. Pele UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIRURGIA TRANSLACIONAL COORDENADOR: Prof. Dr. MIGUEL SABINO NETO iii DEDICATÓRIA À Força Divina que me apoia e me manteve firme e focado nos meus objetivos, não importasse o quão fortes fossem os reveses. iv À minha mãe, ADELE AUGUSTA ABBUD FRANCO LAPIN, uma mulher admirada pela força dos ideais, senso de justiça e generosidade, por ser minha referência de caráter, honestidade, profissionalismo e, sobretudo, por ter sempre me dado amor e apoio sob quaisquer circunstâncias.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Techniques Made Simple: Animal Models of Wound Healing Ayman Grada1, Joshua Mervis2 and Vincent Falanga1
    RESEARCH TECHNIQUES MADE SIMPLE Research Techniques Made Simple: Animal Models of Wound Healing Ayman Grada1, Joshua Mervis2 and Vincent Falanga1 Animal models have been developed to study the complex cellular and biochemical processes of wound repair and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of potential therapeutic agents. Several factors can influence wound healing. These include aging, infection, medications, nutrition, obesity, diabetes, venous insufficiency, and peripheral arterial disease. Lack of optimal preclinical models that are capable of properly recapitulating human wounds remains a significant translational challenge. Animal models should strive for reproducibility, quan- titative interpretation, clinical relevance, and successful translation into clinical use. In this concise review, we discuss animal models used in wound experiments including mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and zebrafish, with a special emphasis on impaired wound healing models. Journal of Investigative Dermatology (2018) 138, 2095e2105; doi:10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.005 CME Activity Dates: 20 September 2018 CME Accreditation and Credit Designation: This activity has Expiration Date: 19 September 2019 been planned and implemented in accordance with the Estimated Time to Complete: 1 hour accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint Planning Committee/Speaker Disclosure: All authors, providership of Beaumont Health and the Society for Investiga- planning committee members, CME committee members and tive Dermatology. Beaumont Health is accredited by staff involved with this activity as content validation reviewers fi the ACCME to provide continuing medical education have no nancial relationships with commercial interests to for physicians. Beaumont Health designates this enduring ma- disclose relative to the content of this CME activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Abnormal Hair Development and Apparent Follicular Transformation to Mammary Gland in the Absence of Hedgehog Signaling
    Abnormal Hair Development and Apparent Follicular Transformation to Mammary Gland in the Absence of Hedgehog Signaling The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Gritli-Linde, Amel, Kristina Hallberg, Brian D. Harfe, Azadeh Reyahi, Marie Kannius-Janson, Jeanette Nilsson, Martyn T. Cobourne, Paul T. Sharpe, Andrew P. McMahon, and Anders Linde. 2007. Abnormal hair development and apparent follicular transformation to mammary gland in the absence of hedgehog signaling. Developmental Cell 12(1): 99-112. Published Version doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2006.12.006 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455261 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Sponsored document from Developmental Cell Published as: Dev Cell. 2007 January ; 12(1): 99±112. Sponsored Document Sponsored Document Sponsored Document Abnormal Hair Development and Apparent Follicular Transformation to Mammary Gland in the Absence of Hedgehog Signaling Amel Gritli-Linde1∗, Kristina Hallberg1, Brian D. Harfe2, Azadeh Reyahi1, Marie Kannius- Janson3, Jeanette Nilsson3, Martyn T. Cobourne4, Paul T. Sharpe4, Andrew P. McMahon5, and Anders Linde1 1Department of Oral Biochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 12F, Göteborg, Sweden. 2Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. 4Dental Institute, Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • „Die Schultergliedmaße Des Hundes“ – Ein Interaktives Lernprogramm Zur Anatomie
    Aus dem Veterinärwissenschaftlichen Department der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Arbeit angefertigt unter der Leitung von Priv.-Doz. Dr. J. Maierl „Die Schultergliedmaße des Hundes“ – ein interaktives Lernprogramm zur Anatomie Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München von Claudia Bänsch aus Köln München 2014 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Joachim Braun Berichterstatter: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Johann Maierl Korreferent/en: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg Tag der Promotion: 12. Juli 2014 Meiner Familie Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .......................................................................................................... 1 2 Literaturübersicht .............................................................................................. 2 2.1 E-Learning ..................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Varianten .................................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Vorteile von E-Learning .............................................................................. 4 2.1.3 E-Learning an der Hochschule ................................................................... 5 2.2 Erstellung eines Lernprogramms ................................................................... 6
    [Show full text]
  • Kelley and Loeb, 1939; Fessler, I4i Loeb, 7945; Barker, 1947), but They Have Been Handicapped by an Incomplete Knowledge of the Structure of Normal Skin
    PIGMENT SPREAD AND CELL HEREDITY IN GUINEA-PIGS' SKIN R. E. BILLINGHAM and P. B. MEDAWAR Department of Zoology, Birmingham University Received7.xi.47 I.INTRODUCTION THEphenomenon that forms the subject matter of this paper was first described by Carnot and Defiandre in. 1896 and independently confirmed by Leo Loeb in 1897. If black skin from a spotted guinea- pig is grafted to a white area on the same animal, the white skin surrounding the black graft blackens from its margin of contact radially outwards. Conversely, white skin grafted to a black area blackens from its periphery inwards. Desultory attempts have been made to interpret this phenomenon since its first description 50 years ago (Sale, 1913 ; Seelig, 1913 Seevers and Spencer, i 932 ; Saxton, Schmeckebier and Kelley, 1936; Lewin and Peck, 1941 ; Kelley and Loeb, 1939; Fessler, i4i Loeb, 7945; Barker, 1947), but they have been handicapped by an incomplete knowledge of the structure of normal skin. Billingham and Medawar (1947 a and b) found it possible to dispose of current theories about the nature of the blackening process and to suggest that it involves an infective cellular transformation, i.e. a conversion of cells of one true-breeding type into cells of another true-breeding type by a serially transmissible process formally similar to a virus infection. The object of this paper is to set out the evidence for this new theory in full. 2. THESTRUCTURE OF GUINEA-PIG'S SKIN Incrude anatomy, guinea-pig's skin consists of three major layers: (a) a fully stratified epidermis (plate I, fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Histology and Ultrastructure of Transitional Changes in Skin Morphology in the Juvenile and Adult Four-Striped Mouse (Rhabdomys Pumilio)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 259680, 11 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/259680 Research Article Histology and Ultrastructure of Transitional Changes in Skin Morphology in the Juvenile and Adult Four-Striped Mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) Eranée Stewart, Moyosore Salihu Ajao, and Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa Correspondence should be addressed to Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo; [email protected] Received 7 August 2013; Accepted 19 September 2013 Academic Editors: C. Lucini and C. Tan Copyright © 2013 Eranee´ Stewart et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The four-striped mouse has a grey to brown coloured coat with four characteristic dark stripes interspersed with three lighter stripes running along its back. The histological differences in the skin of the juvenile and adult mouse were investigated by Haematoxylin and Eosin and Masson Trichrome staining, while melanocytes in the skin were studied through melanin-specific Ferro-ferricyanide staining. The ultrastructure of the juvenile skin, hair follicles, and melanocytes was also explored. In both the juvenile andadult four-striped mouse, pigment-containing cells were observed in the dermis and were homogeneously dispersed throughout this layer.Apartfromthesecells,thehistologyoftheskinoftheadult four-striped mouse was similar to normal mammalian skin. In the juvenile four-striped mouse, abundant hair follicles of varying sizes were observed in the dermis and hypodermis, while hair follicles of similar size were only present in the dermis of adult four-striped mouse.
    [Show full text]