Gen Anat-Skin

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SKIN • Cutis,integument • External covering • Skin+its appendages-- -integumentary system • Largest organ---15 to 20% body mass. LAYERS • Epidermis •Dermis Types • Thick and thin(1-5 mm thick) • Hairy and non hairy Thick skin EXAMPLES • THICK---PALMS AND SOLES BUT ANATOMICALLY THE BACK HAS THICK SKIN. REST OF BODY HAS THIN SKIN • NON HAIRY----PALMS AND SOLES,DORSAL SURFACE OF DISTAL PHALANX,GLANS PENIS,LABIA MINORA,LABIA MAJORA AND UMBLICUS FUNCTIONS • Barrier • Immunologic • Homeostasis •Sensory • Endocrine • excretory EPIDERMIS(layers) • Stratum basale or stratum germinativum • Stratum spinosum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum lucidum • Stratum corneum Type of cells in epidermis and keratinization • Keratinocytes • Melanocytes • Langerhans • Merkels cells DERMIS LAYERS---- 1.PAPILLARY • Dermal papillae • Complementary epidermal ridges or rete ridges • Dermal ridges in thick skin • Hemidesmosomes present both in dermis and epidermis RETICULAR LAYER •DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TIISUE Sensory receptors • Free nerve endings • Ruffini end organs • Pacinian and • Meissners corpuscles Blood supply • Fasciocutaneous A • Musculocutaneous A • Direct cutaneous A APPENDAGES • Hair follicle producing hair • Sweat glands(sudoriferous) • Sebaceous glands • Nails Hair follicle • Invagination of epidermis • Parts---infundibulum, isthmus, inferior part having bulb and invagination HAIR follicle layers • Outer and inner root sheath • Types of hair vellus, terminal, club • Phases of growth— anagen, catagen and telogen Hair shaft • Cuticle •Cortex • Medulla Sweat glands • Eccrine---temp regulation • Apocrine---- pheromones • Sebaceous ---glands • Secrete sebum • Pilosebaceous unit Parts of nail • Nail plate • Lunula • Eponychium • Hyponychium • Nail bed Clinical correlation • Goose flesh • Vitiligo • Albinism • Skin repair-appendage is essential • Panniculus carnosus Skin lines • Flexure lines or skin creases • Dermal ridges or friction lines • Langers lines • Wrinkle lines Dermatoglyphics or finger printing • Due to characterstic pattern of dermal ridges • Identify individual Development of dermal ridges .

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1 Structure and Function of the Skin
Go Back to the Top To Order, Visit the Purchasing Page for Details 1 Chapter 1 Structure and Function of the Skin The skin is the human body’s its largest organ, covering 1.6 m2 of surface area and accounting for approximate- ly 16% of an adult’s body weight. In direct contact with the outside environment, the skin helps to maintain four essential bodily functions: ① retention of moisture and prevention of permeation or loss of other molecules, ② regulation of body temperature, ③ protection of the body from microbes and harmful external influences, and ④ sensation. To understand cutaneous biology and skin diseases, it is very important to learn the structure and functions of normal human skin. A. Skin surface The skin surface is not smooth, but is laced with multiple net- works of fine grooves called sulci cutis. These can be deep or shallow. The slightly elevated areas that are surrounded by shal- lower areas of sulci cutis are called cristae cutis. Sweat pores fed crista cutis by the sweat glands open to the cristae cutis (Fig. 1.1). The orientation of the sulci cutis, which differs depending on body location, is called the dermal ridge pattern. Fingerprints and sulcus cutis patterns on the palms and soles, which are unique to each person, are formed by the sulci cutis. Elastic fibers also run in specific directions in deeper parts of the skin, with the direction depend- aabcdefg h i j klmnopqr ing on the site. Some skin diseases, such as epidermal nevus, are known to occur along specific lines distributed over the body, the Blaschko lines (Fig.
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Dermoscopy of Aplasia Cutis Congenita: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
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Long-Lasting Muscle Thinning Induced by Infrared Irradiation Specialized with Wavelengths and Contact Cooling: a Preliminary Report
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SKIN GRAFTS and SKIN SUBSTITUTES James F Thornton MD
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