Compact Bone Model

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Compact Bone Model Compact Bone Model Lacunae Osteons Endosteum Lamellae (layers of bony material) Periosteum Lacunae [Type a quote from the document or the summary of Perforating an interesting point. You can position the text box (Sharpey’s) Fibers anywhere in the document. Use the Drawing Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box.] Perforating (Volkman’s) Canals Central Canals Compact Bone Model CLOSE UP OF OSTEONS ON TOP OF BONE MODEL Osteocytes Lacunae Lamellae (layers of bony material) Canaliculi (lines inside of bone) Central Canals Compact Bone Model Compact Bone Model CLOSE UP OF OSTEONS ON TOP OF BONE MODEL Skeleton Model Scapula Humerus Ribs Ulna Coxal Bone Radius Sacrum Femur Fibula Tibia Skeleton Model Skull Maxilla Mandible Clavicle Sternum Humerus Ribs Ulna Coxal Bone Radius Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Skeleton Model Skeleton Model Skull Model Coronal Suture Parietal Bone Sphenoid Bone Zygomatic Squamosal Bone Suture Temporal Bone External Auditory Meatus Mastoid Process Skull Model Sagittal Suture Lambdoid Suture Skull Model Frontal Bone Nasal Bone Maxilla Mandible Skull Model Occipital Bone Mastoid Process Mandible Skull Model Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum Skull Model Sella Turcica Foramen Magnum Skull Model Skull Model Skull Model Skull Model Skull Model Skull Model Sagital Suture gittal Coronal Suture Parietal Bone Lambdoid Sphenoid Suture Bone Zygomatic Bone Squamosal Suture Temporal Bone Mastoid Mandible Process External Auditory Meatus Frontal Bone Nasal Bone Occipital Bone Infraorbital Foramen Mastoid Process Maxilla l l a Mandible le M a n d i b l e Sella External Turcica Auditory Meatus Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum Occipital Bone PATELLA HYOID AND CLAVICLE MODEL Patella Hyoid Clavicle Cervical Vertebrae Atlas Bone and Axis Bone dens (which are also Cervical Vertebrae) Thoracic Vertebrae: have ribs attached: some say, it “looks like a giraffe” (see middle bone.) Lumbar Vertebrae: some say “looks like a moose” (see bone on the right.) _________________ ___________________ _________________ _______________ ______ _______________ ____________________ _______________ _________________ Sacrum bone Sacrum Coccyx Coccyx ____________________ STERNUM Various Ribs Scapula Spine Glenoid Cavity ________________ Humerus Head Head _____________ Radius Ulna HAND AND FOOT BONE MODEL Phalanges Carpals of hand Metacarpals Tarsals Phalanges of foot Calcaneus Metatarsals HAND AND FOOT BONE MODEL Coxal Bone Model Illium Ischium Pubis Coxal Bone Model Illium Acetabulum Pubis Ischium __________________________ __________________________ Femur Bone Head Head Neck Neck _______________________________________ Tibia Fibula KNEE JOINT MODEL Femur Patella Lateral Meniscus Medial Meniscus Fibula Tibia ANTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL Femur Posterior Cruciate Ligament Lateral Meniscus Medial Meniscus Fibula Tibia POSTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL ANTERIOR (beneath patella) Anterior Cruciate Ligament KNEE JOINT MODEL ANTERIOR Femur Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Fibula Tibia KNEE JOINT MODEL POSTERIOR Femur Posterior Cruciate Ligament Medial Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Tibia Fibula KNEE JOINT MODEL ANTERIOR (beneath patella) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Patella Lateral Meniscus Fibula Tibia KNEE JOINT MODEL ANTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL POSTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL KNEE JOINT MODEL ANTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL POSTERIOR KNEE JOINT MODEL SKELETAL MUSCLE SLIDE Striations – alternating light and dark lines A Bands stain dark I Bands stain light Nuclei _____________________________ SMOOTH MUSCLE SLIDE Nuclei _________________________ CARDIAC MUSCLE SLIDE Striations (alternating dark & light lines) (difficult to see) Intercalated Disks __________________________ MUSCLE FIBER MODEL Myofibrils A Band (dark band on myofibril) I Band (light band on myofibril) Z - Disk (lines moving through I Bands) Nucleus Sarcolemma Endomysium MUSCLE FIBER MODEL Myofibrils Myofibrils Nucleus MUSCLE FIBER MODEL Motor Endplate Motor Neuron MUSCLE FIBER MODEL MUSCLE FIBER MODEL MUSCLE FIBER MODEL Muscle Fiber Model With Sacroplasmic Reticulum I Band A Band (area that lacks (area that has myosin) myosin) Myosin Myofilament Z – Disk (NOT attached to Z – Disk Actin Myofilament Sarcomere (area from one Z – Disk to the next) (attached to Z – Disk Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria T – Tubule Sarcolemma SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis Major External Rectus Obliques Abdominis SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis Major External Obliques Rectus Abdominis SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Deltoid Teres Major Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Deltoid Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosis Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Semimembranosus Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Rectus Femoris Gracilis Sartorius Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fasciae Latae Vastus Medialis SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Tensor Fasciae Latae Sartorius Rectus Femoris Gracilis Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Gastrocnemius SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Sternocleidomastoid Biceps Brachii Rectus Abdominis SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis Major Serratus Anterior External Obliques SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Tensor Fasciae Latae Gastrocnemius SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Tensor Fasciae Latae Sartorius Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Trapezius Deltoid Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS Gluteus Maximus Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS SMALL MUSCULAR MODELS LARGE MUSCLE MODEL Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis Major External Obliques Rectus Abdominis LARGE MUSCLE MODEL Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Serratus Anterior External Obliques LARGE MUSCLE MODEL Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus LARGE MUSCLE MODEL LARGE MUSCLE MODEL LARGE MUSCLE MODEL ARM MODEL Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii Teres Major Deltoid ARM MODEL Triceps Brachii Biceps Brachii ARM MODEL ARM MODEL LEG MUSCLE MODEL Gluteus Maximus Gracilis Rectus Femoris Semitendinosus Semi - membranosus Sartorius Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris (muscle group) LEG MUSCLE MODEL Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fasciae Latae Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris (muscle group) LEG MUSCLE MODEL Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius Biceps Semimembranosus Femoris Semitendinosus Hamstring Muscle Group LEG MUSCLE MODEL Sartorius Tensor Fasciae Latae Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis LEG MUSCLE MODEL LEG MUSCLE MODEL LEG MUSCLE MODEL LEG MUSCLE MODEL .
Recommended publications
  • Copyrighted Material
    C01 10/31/2017 11:23:53 Page 1 1 1 The Normal Anatomy of the Neck David Bainbridge Introduction component’ of the neck is a common site of pathology, and the diverse forms of neck The neck is a common derived characteristic disease reflect the sometimes complex and of land vertebrates, not shared by their aquatic conflicting regional variations and functional ancestors. In fish, the thoracic fin girdle, the constraints so evident in this region [2]. precursor of the scapula, coracoid and clavi- Unlike the abdomen and thorax, there is no cle, is frequently fused to the caudal aspect of coelomic cavity in the neck, yet its ventral part the skull. In contrast, as vertebrates emerged is taken up by a relatively small ‘visceral on to the dry land, the forelimb separated from compartment’, containing the larynx, trachea, the head and the intervening vertebrae speci- oesophagus and many important vessels, alised to form a relatively mobile region – the nerves and endocrine glands. However, I neck – to allow the head to be freely steered in will not review these structures, as they do many directions. not represent an extension of the equine ‘back’ With the exception of the tail, the neck in the same way that the more dorsal locomo- remains the most mobile region of the spinal tor region does. column in modern-day horses. It permits a wide range of sagittal plane flexion and exten- sion to allow alternating periods of grazing Cervical Vertebrae 3–7 and predator surveillance, as well as frontal plane flexion to allow the horizon to be scan- Almost all mammals, including the horse, ned, and rotational movement to allow possess seven cervical vertebrae, C1 to C7 nuisance insects to be flicked off.
    [Show full text]
  • Medial Lateral Malleolus
    Acutrak 2® Headless Compression Screw System 4.7 mm and 5.5 mm Screws Supplemental Use Guide—Medial & Lateral Malleolus Acumed® is a global leader of innovative orthopaedic and medical solutions. We are dedicated to developing products, service methods, and approaches that improve patient care. Acumed® Acutrak 2® Headless Compression Screw System—4.7 mm and 5.5 mm This guide is intended for supplemental use only and is not intended to be used as a stand-alone surgical technique. Reference the Acumed Acutrak 2 Headless Compression Screw System Surgical Technique (SPF00-02) for more information. Definition Indicates critical information about a potential serious outcome to the Warning patient or the user. Indicates instructions that must be followed in order to ensure the proper Caution use of the device. Note Indicates information requiring special attention. Acumed® Acutrak 2® Headless Compression System—Supplemental Use Guide—Medial & Lateral Malleolus Table of Contents System Features ...........................................2 Surgical Techniques ........................................ 4 Fibula Fracture (Weber A and B Fractures) Surgical Technique: Acutrak 2®—5.5 .......................4 Medial Malleolus Surgical Technique: Acutrak 2®—4.7 ......................10 Ordering Information ......................................16 Acumed® Acutrak 2® Headless Compression System—Supplemental Use Guide—Medial & Lateral Malleolus System Features Headless screw design is intended to minimize soft tissue irritation D Acutrak 2 Screws Diameter
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment, Management and Decision Making in the Treatment Of
    Pediatric Ankle Fractures Anthony I. Riccio, MD Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children Update 07/2016 Pediatric Ankle Fractures The Ankle is the 2nd most Common Site of Physeal Injury in Children 10-25% of all Physeal Injuries Occur About the Ankle Pediatric Ankle Fractures Primary Concerns Are: • Anatomic Restoration of Articular Surface • Restoration of Symmetric Ankle Mortise • Preservation of Physeal Growth • Minimize Iatrogenic Physeal Injury • Avoid Fixation Across Physis in Younger Children Salter Harris Classification Prognosis and Treatment of Pediatric Ankle Fractures is Often Dictated by the Salter Harris Classification of Physeal Fractures Type I and II Fractures: Often Amenable to Closed Tx / Lower Risk of Physeal Arrest Type III and IV: More Likely to Require Operative Tx / Higher Risk of Physeal Arrest Herring JA, ed. Tachdjian’s Pediatric Orthopaedics, 5th Ed. 2014. Elsevier. Philadelphia, PA. ISOLATED DISTAL FIBULA FRACTURES Distal Fibula Fractures • The Physis is Weaker than the Lateral Ankle Ligaments – Children Often Fracture the Distal Fibula but…. – …ligamentous Injuries are Not Uncommon • Mechanism of Injury = Inversion of a Supinated Foot • SH I and II Fractures are Most Common – SH I Fractures: Average Age = 10 Years – SH II Fractures: Average Age = 12 Years Distal Fibula Fractures Lateral Ankle Tenderness SH I Distal Fibula Fracture vs. Lateral Ligamentous Injury (Sprain) Distal Fibula Fractures • Sankar et al (JPO 2008) – 37 Children – All with Open Physes, Lateral Ankle Tenderness + Normal Films – 18%: Periosteal
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Treatment of Selected Sacral Somatic Dysfunctions
    Evaluation and Treatment of Selected Sacral Somatic Dysfunctions Using Direct and HVLA Techniques including Counterstrain and Muscle Energy AND Counterstrain Treatment of the Pelvis and Sacrum F. P. Wedel, D.O. Associate Adjunct Professor in Osteopathic Principles and Practice A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, and private practice in Family Medicine in Tucson, Arizona Learning Objectives HOURS 1 AND 2 Review the following diagnostic and treatment techniques related to sacral torsion Lumbosacral spring test Sacral palpation Seated flexion test HOURS 3 AND 4 Counterstrain treatments of various low back pathologies Sacral Techniques Covered : 1. Prone, direct, muscle energy, for sacral rotation on both same and opposite axes 2. HVLA treatment for sacral rotation on both same and opposite axes 3. Counterstain treatment of sacral tender points and of sacral torsion Counterstrain Multifidi and Rotatores : UP5L Gluteii – maximus: HFO-SI, HI, P 3L- P 4L ,medius, minimus Piriformis Background and Basis The 4 Osteopathic Tenets (Principles) 1. The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit. 2. Structure and function are reciprocally inter-related. 3. The body is capable of self- regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance. 4. Rational treatment is based upon an understanding of these basic principles. Somatic Dysfunction - Defined • “Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: • Skeletal, arthrodial, and myofascial structures, • And… • Related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements” Treatment Options for Somatic Dysfunctions All somatic dysfunctions have a restrictive barrier which are considered “pathologic” This restriction inhibits movement in one direction which causes asymmetry within the joint: The goal of osteopathic treament is to eliminate the restrictive barrier thus restoring symmetry….
    [Show full text]
  • Free Vascularized Fibula Graft with Femoral Allograft Sleeve for Lumbar Spine Defects After Spondylectomy of Malignant Tumors Acasereport
    1 COPYRIGHT Ó 2020 BY THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY,INCORPORATED Free Vascularized Fibula Graft with Femoral Allograft Sleeve for Lumbar Spine Defects After Spondylectomy of Malignant Tumors ACaseReport Michiel E.R. Bongers, MD, John H. Shin, MD, Sunita D. Srivastava, MD, Christopher R. Morse, MD, Sang-Gil Lee, MD, and Joseph H. Schwab, MD, MS Investigation performed at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Abstract Case: We present a 65-year-old man with an L4 conventional chordoma. Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of the involved vertebral bodies and surrounding soft tissues with reconstruction of the spine using a free vascularized fibula autograft (FVFG) is a proven technique, limiting complications and recurrence. However, graft fracture has occurred only in the lumbar spine in our institutional cases. We used a technique in our patient to ensure extra stability and support, with the addition of a femoral allograft sleeve encasing the FVFG. Conclusions: Our technique for the reconstruction of the lumbar spine after TES of primary malignant spinal disease using a femoral allograft sleeve encasing the FVFG is viable to consider. he treatment of primary malignant neoplasms of the spine mended a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the request currently mainly relies on surgery, often in conjunction with was denied by the insurance company, and the patient T 1-3 radiotherapy .Totalen bloc spondylectomy (TES) is a widely underwent a course of physical therapy with no benefitand accepted surgical technique and has lower reported recurrence rates progression of back pain and radiculopathy. Four months compared with patients who undergo intralesional surgery3,4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of the Rib Cage on the Static and Dynamic Stability
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The infuence of the rib cage on the static and dynamic stability responses of the scoliotic spine Shaowei Jia1,2, Liying Lin3, Hufei Yang2, Jie Fan2, Shunxin Zhang2 & Li Han3* The thoracic cage plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the thoracolumbar spine. In this study, the infuence of a rib cage on static and dynamic responses in normal and scoliotic spines was investigated. Four spinal fnite element (FE) models (T1–S), representing a normal spine with rib cage (N1), normal spine without rib cage (N2), a scoliotic spine with rib cage (S1) and a scoliotic spine without rib cage (S2), were established based on computed tomography (CT) images, and static, modal, and steady-state analyses were conducted. In S2, the Von Mises stress (VMS) was clearly decreased compared to S1 for four bending loadings. N2 and N1 showed a similar VMS to each other, and there was a signifcant increase in axial compression in N2 and S2 compared to N1 and S1, respectively. The U magnitude values of N2 and S2 were higher than in N1 and S1 for fve loadings, respectively. The resonant frequencies of N2 and S2 were lower than those in N1 and S1, respectively. In steady-state analysis, maximum amplitudes of vibration for N2 and S2 were signifcantly larger than N1 and S1, respectively. This study has revealed that the rib cage improves spinal stability in vibrating environments and contributes to stability in scoliotic spines under static and dynamic loadings. Scoliosis, a three-dimensional deformity, prevents healthy development.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Stress Fractures BRENT W
    COVER ARTICLE PRACTICAL THERAPEUTICS Common Stress Fractures BRENT W. SANDERLIN, LCDR, MC, USNR, Naval Branch Medical Clinic, Fort Worth, Texas ROBERT F. RASPA, CAPT, MC, USN, Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida Lower extremity stress fractures are common injuries most often associated with partic- ipation in sports involving running, jumping, or repetitive stress. The initial diagnosis can be made by identifying localized bone pain that increases with weight bearing or repet- itive use. Plain film radiographs are frequently unrevealing. Confirmation of a stress frac- ture is best made using triple phase nuclear medicine bone scan or magnetic resonance imaging. Prevention of stress fractures is most effectively accomplished by increasing the level of exercise slowly, adequately warming up and stretching before exercise, and using cushioned insoles and appropriate footwear. Treatment involves rest of the injured bone, followed by a gradual return to the sport once free of pain. Recent evidence sup- ports the use of air splinting to reduce pain and decrease the time until return to full par- ticipation or intensity of exercise. (Am Fam Physician 2003;68:1527-32. Copyright© 2003 American Academy of Family Physicians) tress fractures are among the involving repetitive use of the arms, such most common sports injuries as baseball or tennis. Stress fractures of and are frequently managed the ribs occur in sports such as rowing. by family physicians. A stress Upper extremity and rib stress fractures fracture should be suspected in are far less common than lower extremity Sany patient presenting with localized stress fractures.1 bone or periosteal pain, especially if he or she recently started an exercise program Etiology and Pathophysiology or increased the intensity of exercise.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics of the Thoracic Spine - Development of a Method to Measure the Influence of the Rib Cage on Thoracic Spine Movement
    Universität Ulm Zentrum für Chirurgie Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik Direktor: Prof. Dr. A. Ignatius Biomechanics of the Thoracic Spine - Development of a Method to Measure the Influence of the Rib Cage on Thoracic Spine Movement Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Medizin der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Ulm vorgelegt von: Konrad Appelt geboren in: Pforzheim 2012 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Thomas Wirth 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. H.-J. Wilke 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Tobias Böckers Tag der Promotion: 06.06.2013 Index List of abbreviations ......................................................................................IV 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 State of Research .................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 6 2 Material and methods .............................................................................. 7 2.1 Testing machines and devices ................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Spine loading simulator ................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Vicon – MX Motion Capture System
    [Show full text]
  • Foot and Ankle Systems Coding Reference Guide
    Foot and Ankle Systems Coding Reference Guide Physician CPT® Code Description Arthrodesis 27870 Arthrodesis, ankle, open 27871 Arthrodesis, tibiofibular joint, proximal or distal 28705 Arthrodesis; pantalar 28715 Arthrodesis; triple 28725 Arthrodesis; subtalar 28730 Arthrodesis, midtarsal or tarsometatarsal, multiple or transverse 28735 Arthrodesis, midtarsal or tarsometatarsal, multiple or transverse; with osteotomy (eg, flatfoot correction) 28737 Arthrodesis, with tendon lengthening and advancement, midtarsal, tarsal navicular-cuneiform (eg, miller type procedure) 28740 Arthrodesis, midtarsal or tarsometatarsal, single joint 28750 Arthrodesis, great toe; metatarsophalangeal joint 28755 Arthrodesis, great toe; interphalangeal joint 28760 Arthrodesis, with extensor hallucis longus transfer to first metatarsal neck, great toe, interphalangeal joint (eg, jones type procedure) Bunionectomy 28292 Correction, hallux valgus (bunionectomy), with sesamoidectomy, when performed; with resection of proximal phalanx base, when performed, any method 28295 Correction, hallux valgus (bunionectomy), with sesamoidectomy, when performed; with proximal metatarsal osteotomy, any method 28296 Correction, hallux valgus (bunionectomy), with sesamoidectomy, when performed; with distal metatarsal osteotomy, any method 28297 Correction, hallux valgus (bunionectomy), with sesamoidectomy, when performed; with first metatarsal and medial cuneiform joint arthrodesis, any method 28298 Correction, hallux valgus (bunionectomy), with sesamoidectomy, when performed; with
    [Show full text]
  • Lab Manual Axial Skeleton Atla
    1 PRE-LAB EXERCISES When studying the skeletal system, the bones are often sorted into two broad categories: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. This lab focuses on the axial skeleton, which consists of the bones that form the axis of the body. The axial skeleton includes bones in the skull, vertebrae, and thoracic cage, as well as the auditory ossicles and hyoid bone. In addition to learning about all the bones of the axial skeleton, it is also important to identify some significant bone markings. Bone markings can have many shapes, including holes, round or sharp projections, and shallow or deep valleys, among others. These markings on the bones serve many purposes, including forming attachments to other bones or muscles and allowing passage of a blood vessel or nerve. It is helpful to understand the meanings of some of the more common bone marking terms. Before we get started, look up the definitions of these common bone marking terms: Canal: Condyle: Facet: Fissure: Foramen: (see Module 10.18 Foramina of Skull) Fossa: Margin: Process: Throughout this exercise, you will notice bold terms. This is meant to focus your attention on these important words. Make sure you pay attention to any bold words and know how to explain their definitions and/or where they are located. Use the following modules to guide your exploration of the axial skeleton. As you explore these bones in Visible Body’s app, also locate the bones and bone markings on any available charts, models, or specimens. You may also find it helpful to palpate bones on yourself or make drawings of the bones with the bone markings labeled.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertebral Column
    Vertebral Column • Backbone consists of Cervical 26 vertebrae. • Five vertebral regions – Cervical vertebrae (7) Thoracic in the neck. – Thoracic vertebrae (12) in the thorax. – Lumbar vertebrae (5) in the lower back. Lumbar – Sacrum (5, fused). – Coccyx (4, fused). Sacrum Coccyx Scoliosis Lordosis Kyphosis Atlas (C1) Posterior tubercle Vertebral foramen Tubercle for transverse ligament Superior articular facet Transverse Transverse process foramen Facet for dens Anterior tubercle • Atlas- ring of bone, superior facets for occipital condyles. – Nodding movement signifies “yes”. Axis (C2) Spinous process Lamina Vertebral foramen Transverse foramen Transverse process Superior articular facet Odontoid process (dens) •Axis- dens or odontoid process is body of atlas. – Pivotal movement signifies “no”. Typical Cervical Vertebra (C3-C7) • Smaller bodies • Larger spinal canal • Transverse processes –Shorter – Transverse foramen for vertebral artery • Spinous processes of C2 to C6 often bifid • 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae are unique – Atlas & axis Typical Cervical Vertebra Spinous process (bifid) Lamina Vertebral foramen Inferior articular process Superior articular process Transverse foramen Pedicle Transverse process Body Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) • Larger and stronger bodies • Longer transverse & spinous processes • Demifacets on body for head of rib • Facets on transverse processes (T1-T10) for tubercle of rib Thoracic Vertebra- superior view Spinous process Transverse process Facet for tubercle of rib Lamina Superior articular process
    [Show full text]
  • Bones of the Upper and Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Block - Lecture 1
    Bones of the Upper and Lower limb Musculoskeletal Block - Lecture 1 Objective: Classify the bones of the three regions of the lower limb (Thigh, leg and foot). Memorize the main features of the – Bones of the thigh (femur & patella) – Bones of the leg (tibia & Fibula) – Bones of the foot (tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges) Recognize the side of the bone. Color index: Important In male’s slides only In female’s slides only Extra information, explanation Editing file Click here for Contact us: useful videos [email protected] Please make sure that you’re familiar with these terms Terms Meaning Example Ridge The long and narrow upper edge, angle, or crest of something The supracondylar ridges (in the distal part of the humerus) Notch An indentation, (incision) on an edge or surface The trochlear notch (in the proximal part of the ulna) Tubercles A nodule or a small rounded projection on the bone (Dorsal tubercle in the distal part of the radius) Fossa A hollow place (The Notch is not complete but the fossa is Subscapular fossa (in the concave part of complete and both of them act as the lock of the joint the scapula) Tuberosity A large prominence on a bone usually serving for Deltoid tuberosity (in the humorous) and it the attachment of muscles or ligaments ( is a bigger projection connects the deltoid muscle than the Tubercle ) Processes A V-shaped indentation (act as the key of the joint) Coracoid process ( in the scapula ) Groove A channel, a long narrow depression sure Spiral (Radial) groove (in the posterior aspect of (the humerus
    [Show full text]