POLICE RAIDS IN HUNT “FOR EVIDENCE 'tOF TREASON”

Premises searched - throughout Union

48 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED TEMBERS OF THE SPECIAL BRANCH of the M1C.I.D. in many parts of the Union today carried out faids on premises of numerous organizations to search for evidence of treason and of offences under the Suppression of Communism Act, said Maj. A. r.\ Spengler, chief of the Special Branch in Johannesburg The offices of the Transvaal Indian Con- , / ' gress, the Priory, Rosettenville, and the Central Indian High School, Fordsburg, were among the premises raided by the police in Johannes­ burg. Tables, desks and even parts of the floor were piled with documents when a squad of police, led by Lt. B. Buytendag, raided the basement premises of the Trans­ vaal Indian Congress in West Street. A search warrant authorized them to search for papers Home visited which would afford evidence Mr. Y. A. Cachalia, former “ as to the commission of the secretary of the S.A. Indian Con­ offence of treason or sedition.” gress, said that his home in Vrede- The warrant empowered the dorp was raided at 9 a.m. by two police to remove all documents Special Branch policemen who found on the premises relating to 4 took a typewriter, pamphlets, 48 organizations in the Union and books and other literature. other parts of the world. A number of homes had been . Among the organizations listed raided, he said, including that of were the South African Indian Dr. Y. M. Dadoo, former president Congress, the African National of the S.A. Indian Congress Congress, the Congress of Demo­ Reports of similar raids have crats, the Congress of the People, f so far been received from Pretoria, the Congress of Trade Unions and Durban. East London, Port Eliza­ the World Peace Council. beth, Cape Town, Maritzburg, Larysmith, Dundee and other Houses searched smaller towns. Offices of small ■ weekly newspapers in Natal were Mr. M. Harmel, principal of also visited. the Central Indian High School, Lilian Road, Fordsburg, a private school started by Indian parents, said that police afrived to search the school this morning. He dis­ missed the pupils. He said the police had already searched the houses of some members of his staff and were going to search his house. Father Trevor Huddleston, C.R. Provincial of the Community of the Resurrection in South Africa, gave tea to four members of the Special Branch when they arrived at his office in St. Peter’s Priory, Rosettenville, with a search warrant. Father Huddleston said the police were looking “ for apy goods or documents, cash books or invoices that would afford evi­ dence as to the commission of the offence of treason or sedition. They Raids for treason evidence” continued S hK today 13 AIDS by the Special Branch of the C.I.D., started yesterday i- to search for evidence of treason, sedition, offences under } the Suppression o f Communism Act and under the Riotous ’ Assemblies Act, continued today, said Maj. A. T. Spengler, head of the Witwa tersrand section of the branch. ------Allegations that the police had removed personal possessions — apart from documents — were made today by Mr. J. D. Matlou, an executive member of the Sophiatown branch of the Afri­ can National Congress, whose house was raided at 7 a.m. today. Mr. Mhtlou said the police had removed furniture, including tables, and neckties from the office of the Congress of the People in Kliptown yesterday. ^ Raids by Special They took personal letters from many people. From Mr. Walter Sesulu, former secretary-general of the A.N.C. they took letters ^ Branch of from a Dutch professor and Mr. John Hatch, an official of the British Labour Party. A number of homes in Sophia­ May Continue town were raided today, including rjiHE head of the Witwatersrand union and the Transvaal Peace that of Mr. S. Tjiki, local chair­ section of the Special Branch Council were raided, as well as man of the A.N.C. several homes in Sophiatown. of the C.I.D., Major A. T. MR. DUNCAN VISITED Father Trevor Huddleston, Pro­ Spengler, said yesterday that it vincial of the Community of the A member of the special branch was not possible to say when the Resurrection in South Africa, said of the C.I.D. accompanied by raids by the branch would end. yesterday that 44 documents were regular police from Ladybrand, The branch was acting on taken away when his home was yesterday visited the home of Mr. information it received from day raided on Tuesday. It was difficult Patrick Duncan, on the Caledon to day, he said. to see why, he added. At least 40 River opposite Maseru. Mr. Yesterday the offices of a trade of them had already been pub- Duncan, who is the eldest son of ished. a former Governor-General of the Union, the late Sir Patrick Every time a raid was made, the Duncan, said that the police police claimed that they were pre­ searched his files and took away paring a case of treason, he said. printed material including docu­ The raids were a combination of ments of the Capricorn Society, 'McCarthyism and Fascism at an organization which advocates their worst." race co-operation and had its JOINT PROTEST headquarters in Rhodesia, as well A joint statement protesting as private letters. against the Union-wide raids was Police headquarters said today issued yesterday by the African that the special branch police and Indian National Congresses, officers searched a number of the South African Congress of houses in the non-European areas Democrats and the South African of Pretoria yesterday. No Euro­ Coloured Peoples’ Organisations. peans were visited. Inquiries made The raids were intended “ to re­ here today suggest that the police strict the legal right of the people searches in Pretoria were mainly to carry on legitimate opposition of individuals who are or may to the Nationalist Party Govern­ have been connected with the ment,” said the statement. African and Indian congresses. I enclose the sum of > v ‘ DETECTIVES RAID 300 I PREMISES ON RAND, IN CAPE AND NATAL " S t o p . People Taken Many Papers Aim to Find to H.Q. for and Books Proof of Red Questioning Seized Activities

ROUPS of Special Branch detectives raided It was Chinese offices, private homes and other premises throughout the Union yesterday in efforts to find to Him proof of Communist activity. It was the biggest AT the home in Parktown, police raid in the history of the country. Johannesburg, of a Euro­ pean woman teacher on the On the Rand more then 100 premises staff of the Central Indian High School, detectives took were searched and many docuhients were away, among other articles, a seized. A number of persons were taken copy of "The Way of a Transgressor,” by N e g 1 e y to Special Branch headquarters for Farson. questioning, but no arrests were made. Behind a door they found a Chinese dressing gown which The Special Branch states that the result of its the teacher had obtained from China 18 years ago. It is inquiries may not be known for some time. About 100 premises in the Cape covered with dragons and The search warrants authorising figures. Peninsula and a similar number in Natal were searched. There were the detectives to take action in She said that one of the the city listed 48 organisations— detectives commented: “You also raids in Pretoria, Port Eliza­ beth, East London, and Bloemfon­ including some no longer in exist­ never know what all these ence—and the “Chesa Chesa symbols mean. We had better tein. Lieut.-Colonel W. C. E. Prinsloo, Army,” about which information take that thing away.” was required. The dressing gown was Head of the Union’s Special seized. Branch, told the “Rand Daily Mail” 'yesterday that the aim was “ CONSIDERATE ” to search for evidence and investi­ gate allegations of treason or Father Huddleston said that the violations of the Suppression 'of detectives were most considerate “ WE REGARD THE Communism Act. during the raid. Consecrated premises were not entered, and RAID EXCl|.SE SINCE 1935 only his office, bedroom and the rooms housing the printing press AS NONSENSE” Although Colonel Prinsloo re­ of the Community of the Resur­ rection were searched. CAPE TOWN, Tuesday. — Mr fused to admit the fact, it is known that the raids were the At the Priory a photographer R. September, general secretary result of an accumulation of representing a magazine was held of the. South African Coloured statements collected by the special by the police after he had taken a People’s Organisation, said the Branch ever since it came into: picture of detectives going through C.I.D. had raided the homes of existence in about 1935. documents in Father Huddleston’s many members of the organisa­ The main effort of the police was concentrated on the Rand. tion’s executive and had removed There the Security Branch—the office. His film was confiscated books, newsletters, correspondence, name adopted in this area, and he was released. membership forms, ties, banners although in Pretoria the corres­ Among 44 items taken from and rubber stamps. ponding section is still known as the Priory were a letter Father “ We regard as absolute nonsense Huddleston had written to Canon the excuse that the search was an . the Special Branch—set out from, Collins in England, and a copy of attempt to, produce evidence in various vantage points from 9 a.m. a speech made by Mr. Alan Paton. support of a charge of sedition onwards. and treason.”—SAPA. They sought, questioned and INTERVIEWED i took possession of documents, books and typewriters and any­ Piles of seized books, documents, Press cuttings and other material thing else which they thought were carried in to Special Branch i might help them. headquarters at The Greys from noon yesterday, where each party NO “ INCIDENTS” j of policemen was interviewed by ! Major A. T. T. Spengler, head of There were no “incidents,” and the Special Branch for the Rand. the groups and people concerned Among books taken from one 1 reported that the police had be­ executive member of the Trans­ haved “most courteously and eon- vaal Indian Congress were bio­ j siderately.” graphies of Olive Schreiner and | Detectives, for their part, saidi “An Unsocial Socialist,” by Bernard i that they had been given “ every Shaw. There were also books on life and conditions in Soviet j assistance.” Russia and present-day China. Among the premises searched in Johannesburg were the Priory, (Continued on Page 15). directed by Father Trevor Huddle- _ ston, C.R., for whom a search ” warrant had been issued per- - sonally; the local offices of the newspaper, “New Age” ; the offices of the Transvaal Indian Congress; and the African National Con-, gress; and the Central Indian1 High School in Lilian Road,; Fordsburg (the school started by j Indians in opposition to the Provincial Department’s new In­ dian school at Lenasia). (Continued from Page 1) 300 Premises Raided by Special Branch Detectives The haul from the offices of Workers’ Union; Peter Beyleveld, “ New Age ” included a newspaper general secretary of the Textile block of Paul Robeson, cut­ Workers’ Union, and Johnson tings, a typewriter, Christmas Ng we vela. cards, posters from the walls, Two detectives kept watch pamphlets by the South African throughout the day on the Sea Institute of Race Relations, and a Point flat of Mr. Wolf Kodesh— Press digest issued by the South when they arrived in the morn­ African Jewish Board of Deputies ing they found it was being fumi- At the Central Indian High %ated, and experts warned them School the 350 pupils were dis­ it would mean certain death if missed for the day when the police they went in. arrived. The rooms were opened and The staff, consisting of three pronounced safe at about 5.30 Europeans, two Indians and p.m., and the search began. four Africans, were searched, Detectives also searched the and cupboards, drawers and office and home of Mr. Sundra pupils’ desks were gone Pillay, a former general secretary through. of the Cape Indian Assembly and now and accountant at Crawford. A European woman member of the staff was escorted to her home They raided the offices of the New Age,” the African National in Parktown, which was also Congress and the Food and Can­ searched. ning Workers’ Union. Among the premises searched In the raids the detectives went in Pretoria was the Asiatic carefully through correspondence Bazaar. No arrests were made, and took samples of the writing but some documents were con­ of all typewriters. fiscated, including copies of a magazine published under the When they raided a private title of “ Liberation.” home they asked for the owner’s typewriter and, if he had one, The “Rand Daily Mail’s” Cape took samples of its writing. Town correspondent reports that among the homes and offices Mr. Fred Carneson, a former M.P.C., said the police wanted to raided there were those o f: seize his radio set, but after satis­ Messrs. Sam Kahn, Fred Car- fying themselves that it was a neson, Ben Turck (an organiser of receiver and not a transmitter, the Congress of Democrats), Lionel desisted. Forman (editor of the “New Age”) , Mr. Carneson said the police Jack Tarshish, Albert Sacks, R. refused to allow his wife to go out September (secretary of the S.A. of the house to telephone him. Coloured People’s organisation), They would not even allow her out George Peake (chairman of of their sight—even when she went Sacpo) and Lionel Morrison, a to attend to their son who was ill member of Sacpo’s executive, and in bed with measles a detective Miss Ray Alexander. accompanied her. Other homes and offices raided SAPA reports from Bloemfontein were those of: that detectives carried out raids Mr. Arthur Gordon, a member on various premises there. of the Sacpo; Mr. Alexander la They visited the farm of Mr. Guna, its vice-chairman; Miss Patrick Duncan, son of a former Becky Lan; Messrs. Bennie Governor General, and searched January, secretary of the Laundry the house. Private letters and Workers’ Union; Joe Ngolube, an literature were removed. organiser of the Food and Can Similar raids were also carried ning Workers’ Union; Archie out in Port Elizabeth (including Sibeko, secretary of the S.A. the Native areas of New Brighton Congress of Trade Unions; J. Cal- and Korsten), East London, Uiten- meyer, secretary of the Tobacco hage, Durban and Maritzburg. TRADE UNION'S SHOCKED V BY NATION-WIDE POLICE “ RAIDS: STRONG PROTEST

Trade unions on Wednesday night expressed their deep ------iiiiijflj""—■ • £ - — ----- — sense of shock at the nation-wide police raids carried out on Tuesday upon certain trade union and other offices, and for­ mulated a strong protest to the Government. The meeting was Swart alleges convened by the S.A. Congress of Trade Unions, several of whose member unions were involved in the raids. “ underground Nine o’clock on Tuesday morn- ( Indian Government schools, was ing was “zero hour" for the raids ■ raided, and the principal and an­ ^ activities which were carried out by the other teacher searched. The prin­ Special (Political) and other cipal, Mr. Michael Harmel, sent branches, of the Police on 48 the pupils home for the day, while |^by Reds” organisations throughout the coun­ the search was continued at his From Our Correspondent try. Groups of plain-clothes men and his colleague’s home. invaded the offices of political BLOEMFONTEIN. Tuesday. — At the Priory, Rosettenville, The Government were aware of organisations, - trade unions, ; Father Huddleston invited the churches and schoos, authorised to “underground Communist activi­ searchers to tea while they were ties” in South Africa and were search for evidence “as to the com- j scrutinising his papers. determined to wipe out these mission of the offence of trason or j The search at the African activities, the Minister of Justice, sedition.” National Congress office ended at Mr. Swart, told the Nationalist Similar raids were simul-! about 3 p.m., but at 6 p.m. the Press in an interview. tneously made on a number of Laundry Workers’ Union and the The series of raids on offices in private homes. In some instances,, Congress of Trade Unions were various towns in the Union last task details were still sorting still in the throes of it. week * and removing documents at t> purpose. They took place as a p.m. on Tuesday night. PHOTOGRAPHER VISITED result of certain information which the police had obtained. MANY ORGANISATIONS The house of Mr. Eli Weinberg, When the police were satisfied banned ex-secretary of the National that it would be in the interests AFFECTED Union of Commercial Travellers, Among the organisations in­ of internal security, they carried and now a professional ' photo­ vestigated were the Transvaal out raids to gain more informa­ grapher, was also visited. Indian . Congress, the African tion. One of the detectives, says 1 National Congress, the Congress of p o l ic e n f o r m a t i o n Mr. Weinberg, after inspecting I Democrats, the Congress of the an English Bible, asked if it was After the Suppression of Com­ People, the S.A. Congress of Trade a “Communist: Bible.” Having Unions, the World Peace Council, munism Act was passed, some made this comment he flung it organizations still tried to carry on the National Union of Laundering. on to the table. underground activities. The police Cleaning and Dyeing Workers and Among the “documents” re­ had information regarding this. the Food and Canning Workers' moved from Mr. Weinberg’s home The Opposition always pre­ Union. were a large number of photo- tended that they wanted to fight A t the Indian Congress offices , graphic negatives of commissioned Communism, but the moment the a team of six detectives, 5 white work, mainly of weddings. Mr. Government did something about and 1 black, spent 3 hours Weinberg has demanded their re­ it. there were tirades in the sedulously sifting all documents turn and, if his demand is not Opposition Press, as was the case recently. and publications. A locked cup­ complied with, will take legal Mr. Swart said he had not yet board had its doors removed by action. been informed whether the police loosening the screws. Eventually Similar raids were carried out a Quantity of files, roneo stencils gained any spepial information as on the offices of these and other a result of the most recent raids. and literature was removed for organisations in Durban and further scrutiny. several other centres. MATERIAL IMPOUNDED Among the material thus re­ moved, “Forward’s’ correspondent noted a copy of Somerset Maugham’s “The Razor’s Edge,” a biography of Olive Schreiner, an index of Group Areas and a pack­ age of the-* Distributive Workers’ ^ IW arf iCsLerf: Union magazine, the “ New Day.” The last named had not been •^Prove Charge opened. Also included were Youth Festival posters, a World Youth ^ of Sedition banner (printed in French) and a CAPE TOWN, Sunday.—A reso­ quantity of silk handkerchiefs. lution demanding a statement The poets Milton and Tenny­ from the Minister of Justice sub­ son barely escaped custody. stantiating his charges of treason Picking up a volume of their and sedition, or an apology to poems, one of the raiding party those who were raided by the police leafed through it and then 1; :t week and the return of docu­ asked, “What is this — a Bible?” ments which were taken, was The addressograph stencils passed to-night by a meeting of covering the mailing list of one about 100 people organized by the organisation were also removed. South African Coloured People’s Organization in Cape Town. RAID ON SCHOOL SERIOUS CHARGE Simultaneously the Central In­ dian High School, established by The resolution said that this was demanded froi,.* the Minister the Indian Congress to fill the because a charge of treason and breach made by the closing of the sedition was a serious one, and of • Continued on page 6 far-reaching consequence to the personal relationships of those people who were raided. It said that the meeting failed to see any justification for any charge of treason levelled at the leadership of the congress move­ ment.—SAPA. NEW AGE, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1955 ftliM.

REPORTS ON LAST WEEK’S POLICE RAIDS HAVE COME STREAMING INTO NEW AGE ass sBsrBE’ssisrss? s s a i s SPIRIT IN THE FACE OF POLICE INTIMIDATION.

“Comniunism”^are coining to mean every form of opposition to the Nationalist Government. fleeting shadows passed, leaving Though these widespread raids tually every novel by a Russian writer, among them “ Crime and the guardians of freedom more must have been carefully planned determined than ever to fight the over a long period and the heads of Punishment” by Dostoievsky; stories by Tchekov and Gorki; also a book fascist blight that threatens to mar the Special Branch claim to be fol­ the life of millions of freedom- lowing a trail they picked up as far “ Changing Britain”— on the post­ war reconstruction of war-torn loving South Africans. back as 1935, police headquarters A big haul of books, correspond­ have not even tried to present any English cities; and a list of 16 mm. films issued by the United Kingdom ence, newspapers, journals and mag­ reason for the raids. Nor have there azines was taken. Dozens of New been any arrests on the charges ot Information Offices. This list was seized with the comment: “W ere Age were confiscated from sellers. treason or sedition looking for things connected with A cross-section of the material taken includes the following; ALL-NIGHT WATCH films, aren’t we?” . The raids broke simultaneously In one flat the detective* seized a Rubber stamps and pads; A.N.C.. documents and blank membership last Tuesday morning and in some copy of the Noel Coward song “ The cards; New Age reporter’s file of homes and offices they continued for Stately Homes of England;” in articles; Defiance Campaign photos; as long as nine, and nine and a halt another, copies of the “ New States­ banners; Posters of the World Festi­ hours. Some premises to which the man and Nation.” In one Cape val of Youth and Students; Fighting police could not get access on the Town home they pondered over the Talk; Workers’ Unity; ISIZWE; Tuesday were guarded by police Guide to Peers’ Caves, Fish Hoek. right through the night and the raids Was it not a guide to China? they wedding invitation cards. The New Brighton and Korsten started up again the following asked, looking up their list of sus­ Branches of the A.N.C. have issued Wednesday morning. pect books. A few isolated raids also toot statements condemning the “ unwar­ place on the Thursday. In Cape PAMPHLETS GRABBED ranted Nationalist onslaught on the Town about 100 homes and offices The detectives appeared to have people’s freedom to organise.” were searched. In Bloemfontein special instructions to seize every ADELAIDE RAID location alone the homes of 19 Con­ copy they could lay hands on of the Before breakfast, the offices of the gress leaders were raided and a pamphlets produced in South A frica: A.N.C. Adelaide branch secretary typewriter was confiscated. In areas “ New Life in China” by Ruth First, were searched high and low, reports like Sophiatown, Orlando and Brak- and “ Life is More Joyous” by Brian Mr. J. M. Mahomba. pan the police searched the homes Bunting (which is now out of print). The only documents worth a of members of the Congress execu­ Eli Weinberg, the photographer, candle removed were copies of New tives and past officials. . . . had negatives of commercial jobs Age, Fighting Talk and receipts. Some houses were searched des­ seized, but he applied successfully When asked where he kept the pite the absence of the owners. In for their return and the following A.N.C. records, the secretary pointed the home of one Congress official day they were brought back to him. to his head and with a smile invited onlv a 12-year-old child was home Mr. Adam Daniels, the blind the police to search there. The raid but the raiding party insisted on chairman of the S.A. Coloured lasted two hours and the last the carrying out its search. Peoples’ Organisation, was asked the police saw and heard when they At the Priory of the Anglican serial number of his typewriter by left the premises was the Afrika Church in Rosettenville, the head­ the police! salute. quarters of Father Huddleston, a In the Transvaal Indian Congress group of detectives carried out a the police removed some photo­ STUTTERHEIM search, removing correspondence on graphs and receipted them “ Two The Stutterheim A.N.C. Branch religious affairs. They also searched photos of presumed detectives.” secretary reports that the homes of the Community of the Resurrection Mr. L. Levy, secretary of the Mr. N. Mfaxa, the provincial volun­ press. Laundry Workers’ Union, was under teer-in-chief of the A.N.C., and Mr. E. Dayizana, local president, were SCHOOL DESKS RANSACKED virtual arrest all Tuesday and detec- tives sent to raid his office insisted raided. The police removed some The Central Indian High School even on accompanying him to the old counterfoils, documents and in Fordsburg was raided, and the Supreme Court where his union is private letters. detectives searched the pockets ot involved in an action over a wage Mr. Mfaxa told the raiders that some of the men teachers and the investigation in the industry. The their action was unjustifiable and handbags of some of the women raids on his home and office finished that it was also a naive attempt on teachers. They also went into the at 6.30 p.m. on the Tuesday. the part of the Nationalists to foster classrooms and searched the pupils Mr. Fred Carneson was threatened fear in the minds of the African with the removal of his wireless set, people. ^ From the Johannesburg New Age and only after strong protest was he BETHLEHEM “REVIVED” office and also from other premises able to persuade the raiding police police removed collections of press not to take books they had returned “The 27th of September was a clippings of the daily press in South to him only a few days previously, day on which the police and detec­ Africa. They confiscated some type­ on the order of a magistrate. These tives revived our minds politically writers. In Cape Town New Age books had been seized during the and strengthened our organisation,” office, they removed New Day, raids on the staff and offices of reports Mr. P. Mabuya, A.N.C. organ of the National Union of Advance, a year ago. secretary of Bethlehem. Distributive Workers. _ Seven A.N.C. executive and branch There seemed to be no limit on PORT ELIZABETH members were searched, and six what they were prepared to seize. Like hungry wolves, the Special youth leaguers. The “big laugh” of the raid, if Branch hunted in packs, reports Among the documents taken in any laughs there are, was the New Age’s Port Elizabeth corres­ Bethlenem were Freedom Charters, seizure from a young European pondent. draft resolutions, and the pamphlet woman, a teacher at the Central From 8 a.m. on September 27, “ South Africans in the Soviet Indian High School, Johannes­ they besieged the trade union offices Union.” , „ . , burg, of a Chinese silk dressing- at Court Chambers. As the New In Durban the homes of officials gown which was hanging behind Age reporter walked into the Food and members of the A.N.C., Natal her bedroom door. The dressing and Canning Union offices, where a Indian Congress and Congress of gown had been a present to her litter of papers was scattered all Democrats were raided. In East some 18 years ago from an uncle over the room, he was ordered out. London the C.I.D. paid most atten­ who was travelling in the East. A motley pack stood in front of 9 tion to the African National Con­ The dressing gown is embroidered Court Chambers which was locked. gress. , , with a dragon and Chinese motifs. As the keys for this office could not Among the Worcester leaders “You never know what all these be found the Special Branch mounted raided were leading A.N.C. mem­ symbols mean,” one detective said. guard, in turns throughout the day bers trade unionists, and members “We had better take that away.” and night. When the door was of the Worcester United Action And they did! opened the following day they found Committee. . Many of the detectives in the nothing worthwhile to take away. When the nolice came to raid the raiding parties seemed semi-literate The dragnet was cast simultane­ flat of Mr. W. Kodesh of Sea Point, and they struggled manfully to find ously over the entire area. At they found it sealed up— it was their way among the thousands of New Brighton, Korsten, Yeeplaats, being fumigated. A t their request, books they encountered in the raids. Grahamstown, Alice and other the fumigator opened it, and the U.K.I.O. SEDITION? places in the Eastern Cape, Swart’s special branch men were able to raid late the Tuesday afternoon. In a raid on a private home two vultures swooped on the leaders of the democratic movement, but I will now ha-ve to fumigate my detectives paged laboriously through ' ” Mr. Kodesh nrqrtibaUv Kwi-xL- ~~ * "U' 1' ONLY DANGEROUS PLOT

COULD JUSTIFY MASS WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1955 6? "kAIDS, SAYS COPE V ______— T u i n e t The police %CALL FOR EXPLANATION raids R. SWART had better pro­ NLY the most reliable evidence of a serious and well- M duce a crime soon as a O founded plot against the safety of the State could result of the repeated police justify the large-scale police raids on homes and offices raids in search of high throughout South Africa a week ago, said Mr. John Cope, treason. It is now more than M.P., in an address to the Saxonwold (Johannesburg) a week since the special branch of the United Party yesterday. branch descended upon a large Responsible people had sus­ number of persons and organi­ especially the freedom of political pended judgment pending arrests zations all over the Union or an official statement, but the opponents to criticise him and his j public was now entitled to demand policies. Through last week’s raid j and seized quantities of docu­ an explanation from Mr. Swart. he has placed himself on trial in ments. So far as we are aware, ; The raid, for which overseas news the eyes of the public. there have been no arrests | correspondents could not be “He will only be acquitted if the yet. blamed, had created a stir over- hard facts upon which the police The raids were regarded as acted are found, on dispassionate i seas and the good name of South examination, to have been sensational news not only Africa was very much at stake. justified.” here but in other parts of the “ I have twice world, and it cannot be said ! complained in Par­ that they made a favourable liament about the impression abroad. What activities b y the mischief, if any, is brewing in special Branch of the C.I.D., which South Africa to make this kind appeared to me /Special Branch of spectacular' action neces­ to savour of politi­ sary? The answer should be cal intimidation. ■ plaids on Rand: given in the courts, but similar On both occasions Mr. Swart gave e. S4* No Arrests raids in the past have the most explicit apparently been abortive. At Major A. T. Spengler, chief of assurances that any rate there have been no the Special Branch the Special Branch Police on the Witwatersrand, said yesterday that prosecutions. was being em­ ployed only in the Mr. J. Cope there had been no arrests and The Minister appears to take “nothing further” as a result of most responsible the view that this is of little the recent two-day police raids way, for strictly police purposes. ’. on offices, homes and the head- consequence. The police, he “ Last week’s nation-wide opera­ ' quarters of various organisations contends, must keep them­ tion, in which more than a 1,000 on the Rand. selves informed about what is men must have been employed, At the time of the raids the going on, and this is the best will serve as a test. It is up to police said they were looking for Mr. Swart now to show that he evidence of treason and Com-, way to do it. It is a perilous has acted with a sufficient sense munist activity. They took files,' theory, whether applied to in­ of responsibility and that a dan­ documents, typewriters, books and dividuals or to semi-political gerous plot against the safety of magazines. organizations. Without some the State was really being planned. Similar raids were made “ UNFOUNDED SUSPICION” throughout the country. solid information behind them, “ fishing expeditions ” “ Perhaps the most serious fac­ tor of all is that completely inno­ of this kind are a serious in­ cent persons can easily suffer terference with liberty. They irreparable harm through the can be justified only by re­ mere fact of their homes being sults, of which so far there raided by the police. Even if no are none. charge is ever brought, a visit from the Special Branch of the Treason is a serious, and C.I.D. is sometimes enough to happily a very rare, offence. In raise unfounded suspicions among the case of some of the vic­ friends and neighbours. tims of the recent raids it is “Mr. Swart was appointed to his high office to protect the personal unthinkable that they could freedom of his fellow citizens, have lent themselves to treasonable activities of any kind or even to statutory offences under the anti-Com- munist laws. What some of them may have been “ guilty ” of is opposition to the Government. The question inevitably arises whether activities against the Government are i not being confused with activities against the State. The confusion, if it exists, would at once be exposed in court, but there has been no trial for treason since the war. In the meantime, the raids give the impression of being merely intimidatory and of being directed at bodies and persons of whom the Govern­ ment disapprove. This state of affairs should not be allowed to continue. Unless police action involving an invasion of privacy, and the opprobrium it carries with it, can be linked with specific charges it should be stopped forthwith. South Africa is not on the verge of revolution, and it is a disservice to the country to allow people to believe that it is. Vol. 1, No. 50. THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1955 PRICE 3d. Raiders^Acted Hunted Unknown Bogeys j J v Z . V L . ' CAPE TOWN.—The police committed many k ir k beyond their legal powers when they carried out their Union-wide raids in the homes and offices of individuals and organisations last Tuesday, September 27, for “evidence” of treason, sedition and offences under the Suppression of Communism and Riotous Assemblies Acts. The search warrant states that the goods and documents seized must be the property of and relate to the 48 “organisations” mentioned in the warrant.

In most cases, the books, letters The Comintern (defunct) the Co- and other goods taken did not be­ minform, Women’s International long to any organisation, but to Democratic Federation, World private people. The police therefore Federation of Democratic Youth. had no right to seize them, even in the wide terms of the warrant. Also on the list was the Northern A number of raided people are Rhodesia African National Con­ gress, the Transvaal Nyasaland taking up this point with their legal advisers, with a view to instituting African National Congress, the Basutoland African Congress. legal action for the recovery of their goods. Others are consider­ ing other forms of redress. M. Lionel Forman, a Cape Town advocate and editor of New Age, is considering taking action against the Minister of Justice for defama­ tion. “The police statements after the raids that they were searching for evidence of sedition and treason were highly defamatory,” said Mr. Forman. “I believe in and work for full and equal rights for all South Africans, but that is not treason. On the contrary. I be­ lieve it to be the most complete way that one can demonstrate one’s patriotism.” Mr. Fred Carneson has sent a strong letter of protest to the con­ trolling Magistrate in Cape Town, demanding that the police be asked to show cause why the articles taken from him should not be re­ turned to him immediately. Others have sent protests directly to the police official who signed the warrant. The warrants list all the Con­ gresses, Youth Congresses, the Peace Councils, Civil Rights League. National Council of Afri­ can Women, as well as a number of organisations that are defunct, such as the Franchise Action Coun­ cil and the Communist Party of South Africa. Also on the list are a number of adhoc committees, many of them defunct. How can the “Defiance Campaign” be listed as an organi­ sation? people are asking, and “May Day Celebrations,” “Colon­ ial Youth Day,” “Anti-Pass Cam­ paign.” “Anti-Apartheid Confe­ rence”? What is the “Discussion Club”— any and every discussion club throughout South Africa? What organisation is the “Libera­ tion Movement”? The biggest riddle of all is the “Cheesa-Cheesa Army” which many people believe to be an invention of the Nationalist Government. Among the overseas organisations listed are the World Peace Council INDIVISIBLE" l l l i p T.U.C. m S.A. POLICE RAIDS SAAMTREK REPORTER i* . “rpKEEDOM is indivisible and restraint on legitimate/liberty in a South Africa is the common concern of the free world/’ declares the British Trades Union Congress in a statement on the recent police raids in South Africa. The raids, according to Lieut.- Following is the text of the Col. W. C. E. Prinsloo, head of British T.U.C. statement:— the Special Branch of the C.I.D., “The Trades Union Congress * were “to search for evidence of general council is disturbed to treason or sedition and investi­ learn of reports from South gate alleged violations of the A frica that there has been a Suppression of Communism Act.’’ sudden resurgence of police ac­ tivity by the South African Government under the Suppres­ sion'of Communism and Riotous Assemblies Acts. “ The general council has al­ ready condemned the re­ straints which have been placed on liberty of trade union ac­ tion by the Government of the Union o f South Africa through this legislation. “The widespread character of the police action confirms its earlier misgivings about the dangerous use to which it might be put. REPUDIATION “The British Trade Union Movement has repudiated Com­ munism but it equally repudiates the use of legislation, ostensibly to defeat Communism, to sup­ press the expression of opinion by such representative bodies as trade union organisations. “The T.U.C. general council noted that included in the bodies which have been subjected to the searches are the Congress of Trade Unions, the Anglican Com­ munity of the Resurrection, the African National Congress and South African Indian Congress. “The general council will continue to watch the situation closely and is asking its col­ leagues in South Africa for immediate information on the matter. “ It reminds the South African overnment that freedom is In­ divisible and that restraint on legitimate liberty in South Africa is the common concern of ths free world.’’ ______••.m—.iiff ^Congress Movement Denounces Swart’s Raid JOHANNESBURG. The Union-wide police raids dare not be allowed to pass without the strongest protest by the people, said a joint statement issued by the African National Congress, the South African Indian Congress, the S.A. Congress of Democrats and the S.A. Coloured Peoples Organisation. The Congress movement warned that the raids, which invaded the privacy of hundreds of citizens of ail races in their homes, offices and schools, are a most serious manifestation of the growth of the police state in our midst. Like the whole series of police raids which have continued since the beginning of 1954, and which culminated in the encirclement or the Congress of the People by masses of armed police, these raids purport to be an “investigation” of alleged treason, sedition and the like IN FACT THE RAIDS ARE INTENDED AS ACTS OF IN­ TIMIDATION, AND TO RESTRICT THE LEGAL RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO CARRY ON LEGITIMATE OPPOSITION TO THE NATIONALIST PARTY GOVERNMENT ANY LEGAL PROSECUTION FOLLOWING THESE RAIDS CAN ONLY, WE ARE CONVINCED, BE A DELIBERATE “FRAME-UP” DE­ SIGNED TO FRIGHTEN THE PUBLIC, AND TO PROLONG THE RULE OF THE NATIONALISTS ON THE PRETEXT OF SOME FANCIFUL “PLOT” FOR AN UPRISING FOR THE CONGRESS MOVEMENT. There is no such plot. Indeed, the talk of “sedition” and “trea­ son,” of “black uprising” and “Communist bogeys” are in a fact a propaganda trap, designed to cover up the real danger to the country __the sinister conspiracy of the Nationalists and the Broederbond to set up a Fascist republic. We warn the country not to be deceived by this trap. Ihe democratic people of South Africa will not be intimidated by such means. WE REAFFIRM OUR DETERMINATION TO CON­ TINUE WITH REDOUBLED ENERGY THE STRUGGLE TO IMPLEMENT THE DEMANDS EMBODIED IN THE FREEDOM CHARTER, WHICH HAS BECOME THE RALLYING-POINT AND INSPIRATION FOR ALL WHO WORK FOR A FREE AND DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA IN WHICH ALL WILL BE SECURE FROM ARBITRARY RAIDS AND INFRINGEMENTS OF THEIR RIGHTS. ______o f z~*fsr?c&

FORWARDdW OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN LABOUR PARTY E D IT O R IA L BO ARD: Jessie McPherson, C. Clingman, O. A. Olsson, R. N. B. Smith and B. Weinbren All correspondence to P.O. Box 198, )ohannesburg JOHANNESBURG, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1955 WHAT WAS BEHIND THE RAIDS? last m r SWART'S political police "went to town' week, and South Africa wants to know why. Forty-eight organisations (some of them non" existent!) were listed for raiding, and almost 400 homes and offices were searched for evidence of alleged "seditious" activities. The police admit that in all cases every assistance was given by the persons raided. This probably mystified many of the officers taking part in the raids, but what was more mysterious was what they were searching for. Reviewing the hetero­ geneous collection of documents, books, office equip­ ment, clothing and other objects confiscated, it would seem that the members of both the Special (Politico Branch and of the other units assisting them were equally in the dark as to what evidence was sought It is no wonder that the Special Branch now says that the results of these "inquiries" may not be known for some time. Even Mr. Swort tells us, a week after the raid, that he has had no report. What is more significant, however, is that the much-used Suppression of Go^muMism Act was m>t deemed adequate for this occasion, and the search was said to be one for evidence of treason and sedition. Treason is o word not often associated with anything but open war. Are we then to assume that the Govern­ ment considers South Africa at war? The only present war of which we know is that between the Government and the political forces opposed to it. That does give rise to treason. Sedition is another matter. It is not oyer-difficult for the present regime, in sifting the evidence, to studiously overlook the distinction between normal poli­ tical opposition and that which they would like consider "seditious" or "revolutionary. Be that as it may, we are inclined to look else­ where for a reason. The autocratic actions of the Gov­ ernment have given impetus to an increasingly def,mt® and strong opposition. In its determination to quell all such opposition, it has not scrupled to make many charges which have been difficult of belief, either by our own oeople or by democratic countries elsewhere. It would help the Government if it could now Pr° d“ * proof of these charges— though we do not believe that such proof can really be found. Does the Government aim to stage a ''^ ea.so" trial" similar to those we have seen abroad. This is a situation which has developed in all totalitarian States. Such political tactics, while they may in ais. measure deter some of the more timid, must m thei end serve only to strengthen the very opposition it seeks to destroy. In the absence of any authoritative statement, it is difficult to know what conclusion to draw. It shows a cynical disregard of the public's right to know what is happening that no such statement has yet come from Mr. Swart or anyone else. Mr. Swart owes the country a duty to tell the public what is behind it all. „Rooies flower ondergronds’’^ BEWEERREDES yMU 5 DIE ONLANGSE % KLOPJAGTE (Van Ons Spesiale Verteenwoordiger) RUSTENBURG. Die onlangse klopjag op private huise en kantore van sekere persone kragtens die Wet op Onderdrukking van Kommunisme is uitgevoer met die doel om te sien wat die posisie van die Kommunisme in die Unie vandag is, het die Minister van Justisie, adv. C. R. Swart, Saterdagmiddag op ’n baie geslaagde stryddag op Rustenhurg gese. „Die Opposisie het soos ge-1 woonlik weer kwaai tekere ge- gaan oor die klopjag en hulle dring nou by my daarop aan om die resultate van die klop­ jag openbaar te maak. Ek sal LABpUR PARTY dit egter nie doen nie. Die in- ligting sal vrygestel word op die tydstip wanneer dit in die beste belang van die land sal wees.” AT POLICE RAIDS Min. Swart het gese dat die The following statement on the recent police raids on Verenigde Party vandag gereeld certain organisations and the homes of certain private indi­ ’n bohaai opskop wanneer ’n klopjag uitgevoer word. Kort viduals has been issued by the S.A. Labour Party:— - 1 voordat die Nasionale Party, aan “The National Executive Com­ bewind gekom het, het die des- tydse regering ’n polisie-onder- mittee of the S.A. Labour Party soek laat instel na Kommumstie- condemns the action of the Gov­ se bedrywighede in die Unie. ernment in raiding the homes of ’n Groot deel van die Nasio­ nale Party se optrede teen die many hundreds of individuals and Kommuniste is gegrond op m- the offices of many organisations ligting wat in daardie verslag verVat was, het die Minister in connection with alleged gese. Kommunistiese bedrywig­ treason, etc. hede is vandag die nek ingeslaan in die Unie, maar spr. tw yfel “In view of the absence of any nie daaraan dat hulle nog onder- gronds floreer nie. public statement, or production of Om hierdie rede is dit nodig evidence against the individual? om klopjagte soos die een wat onlangs uitgevoer is. te he. and organisations concerned, we can only conclude that these Vertrou V.P. Nie raids are part of the Govern­ Mnr. B. J. van der Walt, L.V. ment’s policy to frighten and in­ vir Pretoria-Wes, het gese dat die V.P. nie weer aan bewind timidate its political opponents, sal kom nie omdat hul rekord with the distinct intention of nie toelaat dat die volk hulle kan vertrou met die wetgewing breaking down all opposition to wat deur die Nasionale Regering the Nationalist Party Govern­ deurgevoer is nie. . Die Bevolkingsregistrasiewet, ment and so paving the way to die Wet op Groepsgebiede en die a one-party state. Bantoe-onderwyswet sal deur die Verenigde Party herroep word “We warn the people of South sodra hul aan bewind kom. Africa not to be taken in by the Die Volksraadslid vir_ Rusten- burg, mnr. J. H. Fouche, en die Government’s cry of alleged Provinsiale Raadslid, mnr. D. treason, but to be ever vigilant Brink, het ook die vergadermg toegespreek. _ w and ready to defend the liberties Die voorsitter, mnr. F. W. which were only won after long Combrinck, het aangekondig dat die stryddag byna £1,200 opge- and bitter struggles by our fore­ lewer het. fathers, and which have become as much to our existence as the very bread we eat.” BISHOP OF JOHANNESBURG CONVENES PROTEST MEETING 51 "a g a in st p o lic e r a id s NTENSE dssatisfaction is still I being felt over the intensive raids recently made by the political branch of the C.I.D. on individuals and organisations throughout the country, more especially as, after an interval of three weeks, no re­ port or statement has yet been issued as to the intention or the results of the raids. A public meeting on the sub­ ject will be held at St. Luke s Hall, Orchards on Wednesday, the 26th of OctobSBAi UIBJ, am , 1 ^ JO ?1 try. ______POLICE RAIDS WERE AIMED AT TRACING COMMUNISM-SWART to*..'kV>\&—— 66Results W ill be Published at Best Time for S.A.”

T 'H E recent police raids on the private homes and offices of certain persons, in terms of the Suppression of |Communism Act, were undertaken for the purpose of finding out the position of Communism in the Union [to-day, said the Minister o f Justice, Mr. C. R. Swart, [according to a report by “ Die Transvaler,” the Nationalist newspaper, of a Nationalist rally at Rustenburg on Saturday. “As usual, the Opposition made a great fuss about the raid, and they are now urging me to make the results public. But I shall not do so. “ The information will be re­ leased at a time when it will be in the best interests of the country.” Mr. Swart said that the United Party to-day regularly raised an outcry whenever there was a raid. Previous Inquiry

Shortly before the Nationalist Party came to power, the then Government instituted a police investigation into Communistic activities in the Union. A great part of the Nationalist Party's action against Commun­ ism had been founded on the in­ formation which was contained in the resulting report, said the Minister. Communist activity in the Union to-day had been knocked on the head, but he did not doubt that it still flourished underground. It was, therefore, necessary to | carry out raids like the recent 1 raid. democratic — will feel about this latest interpretation of ffiUttfc ®atlg iSKml the democratic process. The raids, as with all the ^BISHOP WILL WEDNESDAY, OCT. 26, 1955. talk about poisoned water ^PRESIDE AT supplies and hidden arsenals, MR. SWART have produced nothing posi­ ‘'’MEETING ON tive; all they have done is to AND THE smear a large number of POLICE RAIDS innocent people with suspicion. j-iic oioiMjp oi oonannesDurg, RAIDS The least Mr. Swart might do the Rt. Rev. Ambrose Reeves, will is to clear these people of the preside at a public meeting in Johannesburg to-morrow night HEN the Special Branch stigma which rests upon them when the recent Union-wide W of the C.I.D. raided — the stigma of being suspected police raids will be discussed. hundreds of houses and offices of being allegedly connected The meeting will be at 8 p.m. with a supposedly attempted in St. Luke’s Hall, Orchards, and throughout the Union a month the speakers will include Father ago, Major A. T. Spengler, plot to commit allegedly un- Trevor Huddleston, Mr. Leo ’ chief of the Special Branch undefined and undetermined Lovell, M.P., Mr. J. Unterhalter, in Johannesburg, gave this treason and/or Communism. chairman of the Transvaal Liberal A t the same time, he might Party, a representative of the explanation of the raids: The Indian National Congress and the police, he said, were searching also return that Chinese Transvaal president of the African for evidence of treason and of dressing gown to its owner. National Congress. offences under the Suppression of Communism Act. In view of the widespread nature of the raids, this explanation would have been considered satisfac­ Swart says raids »y the tory by the South African people, who doubtless con­ sidered it implicit in Major ^Special Branch were Spengler’s remarks that he had good grounds for suspecting that serious offences were check on ^underground” being committed. By the Political Correspvndent A month has gone by, with­ out an arrest, and since the fT'HE PERIODIC SEARCHES which policemen of the public are clearly a little Special Branch make for Communistic or treasonable restive, Mr. Swart decided at material are checks on what progress, if any, subversive move­ Rustenburg on Saturday to ments may be making in the Union. In disclosing this in a clear the matter up. His state­ speech at Rustenburg on Saturday the Minister of Justice, ment, however, differs materi­ Mr. Swart, gave the first official indication of the reason for ally from that of Major the police raids in the last week of September and disposed Spengler, so that, instead of of the suspicion that they had been precipitated by some bringing any clarity to this specific treasonable act. ~ issue, he has made it more The Minister added that Com­ mysterious than ever. munist activities in the Union We gather from Mr. Swart’s had been crushed but he did not doubt that they were flourishing remarks that there were no underground, and for this reason substantial grounds for believ­ raids such as the recent one ing that crimes were being were necessary. committed. On the contrary, as The headquarters of the Special he explained, the raids were Branch in Pretoria were unable today to make any comment on carried out merely “ for the this, but from what the purpose of finding out the Minister said it is clear that the position of Communism in the Government are growing anxious Union to-day.” Such, then, is I that, by stopping Communist activities, they may have merely the power wielded by a Minister driven subversive elements under­ in democratic South Africa. ' ground where they would be On his own admission, without harder to control. any real knowledge of the j WARNED IN 1950 commission of an offence and i When the Suppression of Com­ without any reasonable sus­ munism Act was before Parlia­ picion of illegal activities, he ment in 1950 the Government were authorises a police raid on warned both publicly and also nearly 400 private dwellings privately by their official advisers, that this is what would happen. and offices throughout the That the Government fear it Union. The raid, apparently, may have happened is indicated was no more than an explora­ by the fact that the recent raid tory incursion; and simply was the third of its kind in the because Mr. Swart has an past 15 months. inquiring mind, hundreds of people have to submit to the indignity of a police raid. This hardly squares with the modern concept of liberty in a free country, and it justifies the ' fear of many people that when 1 great power is placed in the 1 hands of a single Minister, he 1 will always find it hard to : resist the temptation to use it ' arbitrarily. “ Communist activity in 1 s the Union to-day had been knocked on the head,” said = Mr- Swart in Rustenburg, “ but he did not doubt that it still flourished underground.” And because o f this doubt, he pre- : sumably agreed to tlm raids. We wonder how Nationalist 'democrats in South A frica— and many of them are intensely 400 Houses, Offices V isited

A C.I.D. in Union’s Biggest Raids

“ SUNDAY TIMES ” POLITICAL CORRESPONDENT Every member of the Special (Political) Branch of paper, a typewriter was taken, the C.I.D., assisted by detectives from other branches of Christmas cards and newspaper cuttings. the police force, took part in last Tuesday’s raids Raiding a Yeoville flat, police — the biggest in South Africa’s history. Nearly 400 private found a play, written by the dwellings, offices and other premises are believed to have occupier, called "Alfred and the been searched. V.I.P..”. They asked what Identical warrants were issued Raids occurred in Johannes­ V.I.P. meant. The occupier to all the raiding parties. The burg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Port explained — Very Important warrants authorised the detec­ Elizabeth, East London, Durban, Person. Half-an-hour later the tives to sejze account books, Pietermaritzburg, Ladysmith and detective, with his nose still typewriters, documents, tape re­ in dozens of other places. buried in the play, asked again cording machines, etc., relating JOHANNESBURG: Four Spe­ what V.I.P. meant. The occupier, to 48 listed organisations. cial Branch Detectives served a an ex-serviceman, explained that search warrant on Father Trevor it was an old army term. Huddleston at Saint Benedicts PORT ELIZABETH: Among while he was preparing a script­ items seized were Christmas ure lesson. They asked him to cards and wedding invitations. accompany them to the adjoining Priory, where they spent more A t least nine homes in New than two hours searching his Brighton were searched, and some office and bedroom. They also in Korsten. The offices of the searched the printing press owned Food and Canning Workers’ by the Community of the Resur­ Union were raided and the name rection. They took away 44 docu­ board removed, but later re­ ments, including a copy of a turned. The home of a Native speech entitled “ For Those in Minister of the Independent South Africa Who Have Eyes to Methodist Church of Africa was See the Truth.” searched. Unable to gain entry to the Among the items seized in offices of the Transvaal Peace Port Elizabeth raids were: Batch Council, the police stationed of stencils of Eistedfodd poetry, uniformed guards at the doors Blanckenburg’s “Thoughts on and waited for a day-and-a-half General Smuts,” Paton’s "Cry, until someone opened up. the Beloved Country,” Sarah At the Transvaal Indian Con­ Gertrude Millin’s “God’s Step­ gress, detectives seized Congress children.” “Great Speeches”—a handkerchiefs, Somerset Maugh­ collection of speeches from Plato to am’s “ The Razor’s Edge,” and a Churchill, Tolstoy’s “ W ar and copy of “Trade Unions in Peace,” Kenyatta’s “Facing Travail,” written by Mr. Alex Mount Kenya,” “Defence of Free­ Hepple, M.P., leader of the S.A. dom,” by ex-Editors of “La Labour Party. Prensa,” the S.A. Institute of At the Central Indian High Race Relations “Handbook,” and School, Fordsburg, the men a plastic map of Africa. teachers were searched person­ CAPE TOWN: In the home of ally, the pupils’ desks were Mr. Fred Carneson, former searched, and maps were confis­ M.P.C., police found books con­ cated. fiscated in a raid a year ago. The A t the home of an Indian, A. books had been returned after M. Kathrada, the police had to Mr. Carneson had taken legal be persuaded not to seize poems action. Last week the police con- i of Tennyson and Milton. fiscated the same pile of books, although Mr. Carneson explained STORIES BY CHEKOV their history. From a flat, police took books ' Police wanted to confiscate Mr. on architecture. Dostoevsky’s Carneson’s impressive-looking “ Crime and Punishment,” and radio set. He explained in vain short stories by Chekov and Gorky. that it could only receive, not At “ New Age,” a weekly news­ transmit. Finally, he telephoned police headquarters, who sent down two radio experts, who con­ firmed that it was only a receiv­ ing set. EAST LONDON: Members of the African National Congress whose homes and offices were visited, complained more about the seizing of private letters and effects than about the impound­ ing of documents. A t the A.N.C office in Duncan Village, equipment was the main target it seems. A typewriter, a hand-rolled duplicator and a duplicating machine were taken away. A ll written and printed papers were also seized. I l l Non-EuropeanT*oIice j$. Arrest Whites in p Emergencies Only —SWART MARITZBURG, Wednesday----Non-European mem­ bers of the Police Force knew they should not attempt to arrest or exert any authority over a European except in a case o f emergency— where a serious crime had been perpetrated in the non-European policeman’s presence and there was a danger that the miscreant might get away, said the Minister of Justice, Mr. C. R. Swart, in Marks- burg to-day. ------This was only right. It should also be emphasised that every European policeman, of whatever rank, was always senior to any non-European policeman, of what­ ever rank. No one had a right to quarrel with this state of affairs. Mr. Swart said the Police Force had an onerous duty to perform. It acted as the buffer between law-abiding people and criminals. Members of the force should always behave as friends of the law-abiding section, and should handle those who deviated from the norm with the greatest pos­ sible humanity. ‘ Sometimes deplorable incidents occur. Sometimes, too, there are| circumstances in which it is ex­ tremely easy for the outsider to criticise, where the man involved finds it difficult always to do the right thing when confronted by a sudden, split-second situation ” —SAPA. (See also Page 15) POLICE RAIDS TO^DEMNED a t M e e t in g TVOLICE raids at nine o’clock in Police raids the morning in South Africa are in themselves a very dull business, Father Trevor Huddle­ part of S.A. ston, C.R., told a meeting in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg last night. J Jife now But the “polite morning call by certain men in big hats” had far —Huddleston more sinister implications. “ I think police raids are becom­ “Like the Government these ing an ordinary part of life for men represent, this action stands everybody in South Africa,” Father for everything in Fascism—except,; Huddleston told 200 people, includ­ for the present, the jackboots.” ing a few non-Europeans, last Father Huddleston was speaking night at a meeting in Orchards, at a meeting in Orchards, Johan­ Johannesburg, to discuss “ recent nesburg, last night, under the activities of the police and civil chairmanship cf the Bishop of liberties in South Africa.” As he Johannesburg, the Rt. Rev. Am­ was talking, men were taking the brose Reeves. Four speakers told numbers of cars parked outside. their audience what it was like to The Rt. Rev. R. Ambrose Reeves, be at the “receiving end of a the Bishop of Johannesburg, was police raid.” chairman. Opening the meeting Bishop GRAVE DANGER Reeves said the purpose was to When he opened the meeting, start people thinking of the grave Bishop Reeves said: “Our purpose dangers inherent in the kind of is to start people thinking of the activity on the part of the police grave dangers inherent in the kind 1 witnessed in recent weeks. of activity on the part of the police : MORE SINISTER which we have witnessed in recent Father Huddleston gave an ac­ weeks.’ ’ count of the police raid at his Bishop Reeves said that he home last month. ivas more disturbed by the “It is an appalling thing that effects of police raids on the such things can happen and we minds of people generally, can remain unmoved when they do than the consequences of them 1 happen. You can be certain they on the actual people whose will go on happening. We have reached a very dangerous situa­ homes and offices had been tion in this country. It will engulf invaded by the police. the whole of South Africa. If you “Far from feeling more secure attack one person’s freedom you as a result of these raids, people will attack everybody. Police feel more insecure. They become raids will develop in a more afraid to talk about their political sinister fashion. convictions. Fear is increased. “Without the trappings and Discussion is made more and more jackboots of Nazism we have the difficult and as a result there is State.” certain quietness, and little com- 1 Mr. Leo Lovell, M.P., said | ment on public affairs, even in Father Huddleston was the cham­ pion of the underdog. “Now he is the English newspapers. the victim—who will champion the “But this is not the peaceful victim? quiet of people who are living in “ If you teach the brotherhood of peace. I t ' is more like the silence man you are guilty of treason. If of the grave.” you say apartheid is a good thing Speakers at the meeting warned then you are a good citizen. It that the police raids, which were means that the vast majority of becoming more and more “normal” the population, both Black and to Europeans in South Africa, had White, is justly, in the eyes of the been a "regular feature” of non- police, committing treason. European life for many years. “ A policeman is the monster of Europeans had accepted these justice dressed in uniform.” raids as facts which did not con­ More than 10 motor-cars parked cern them. They watched the near St. Luke’s Hall, where the rights of certain sections of the meeting was held, had tyres population being violated but slashed. didn’tjp ove a finger to; object. SPEAKERS AT MEETING ON POLICE RAIDS: The picture a shows four of the speakers at the public meeting in Johan­ nesburg last night which was called to discuss recent police action in South Africa. Left to right: Mr. Leo Lovell, M.P.; the Bishop of Johannesburg, the Rt. Rev. Ambrose Reeves, who was chairman; Father Trevor Huddleston; and Mr. Arthur Hutchinson, a member of the executive committee of the African National Congress.

Car Tyres Slashed Outside Hall

in City Suburb j. Several PeoPte found a'fter th l rlven away the h; hat their cars had punctures T LJOOIJGANS slashed and punctured the tyres of at least ten ears which were parked outside a hall in w Y th kn1vesa.PParentIy b6en Slash; Orchards, Johannesburg, last night, during a public Two cars, parked sever hundred yards away from ti meeting held to discuss the recent raids by the Special wo™ hl<:h belon8'ed to people wl ranch of the C.I.D. on homes and offices in different were visiting friends in the are were also punctured. centres. ______of the Special Branc The Bishop of Johannesburg, the them what they were doing. They weie not known to be present £ Rt. Rev. Ambrose Reeves, who was threatened him and made him get the meeting. chairman of the meeting, reported back into the Bishop’s car and lie Members of the audience wh after the meeting that his Native, on the floor. amved after the meeting begai chauffeur was threatened by two He says that he could recognise EuPrnrned ^ ^ twl Europeans. the men again easily because he dYwutYnS earnestly” takin The chauffeur says that he saw saw them clearly under the street oufa?de T1Jumbers of Parkec the men tampering with the cars. lights. outnde. it is suspected that th He went over to them and asked J The police are investigating. men were masquerading a members of the Special Branch TREASON TRIALS AFTER

0, L~ oXPOLICE RAIDS Swart on Documentary Evidence Cape Times Parliamentary Correspondent HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY.— It was expected that as a result of the Union-wide police raids last September 200 people would be prosecuted for treason, breaches of the Suppression of Communism Act and other offences, said the Minister of Justice, Mr. Swart, in the Assembly last night. The charges would be based on documentary evidence seized in the raids, said the Minister. The documents had not yet all been correlated.

Mr. H. Davidoff (Labour, EQUALITY ‘GUILT’ Johannesburg City) asked why, if the situation was Among those raided was Father Huddleston, said Mr. ^ 3 j. as frightening as the Min­ Hepple. What subversion was ister’s alarming statement he guilty of? The suspicion was being created that anyone indicated, these 200 people who preached equality of the were still walking about races would be regarded as guilty of subversion. six months after the raids Father Huddleston was guilty as free men. only of holding unpopular views. |“< y r “ The Minister did not repl The Minister's statement w: Mr. Hepple called for a state­ drawn from him by the Laboi ment on the raids. IS.A. Indian Party leader, Mr. Alex Heppl The Minister responded only during Committee o f Supp] briefly, saying the raids were discussion of the Justice Vot necessary because of agitation Challenge to among non-Europeans. Even NONE CHARGED Mr. Patrick Duncan had said in a recent speech, said the Swart . Mr- Hepple said .it seeme Minister, that the African significant that although fo National Congress had come Cape Times Correspondent some years the police had bee under the control of commu­ JOHANNESBURG. L- —" T h e raiding trade union offices an nists. private residences, so far n following Press statement was Mr. Duncan was a good friend one had been brought befor of the A.N.C. issued by the South African the courts and charged wit Indian-.Congress last.night: treason. The police raids had been made because the Government “ During the debate on the ?,eferJ>ng to the Septembe had information about !‘evil ' Justice Vote the Minister of raids Mr. Hepple said the things” brewing among such Justice, Mr. Swart, made mis- had been explained as neces organizations as the African chievious and unfounded allega­ sary because of suspicion o National Congress, the Ihdian tions against the congresses, treason and sedition. congresses and the Congress of including the South African Were they not perhaps jus Democrats. Indian Congress, and declared a piece of political propagand: that over 200 persons will be to justify some of the laws tha arrested on charges of commu­ PAID DIVIDENDS nism, subversion and high u !ve Put through this P a r treason, arising from the raids P r ^ = nt U Reams of documents His information was that the that took place more than six ress cuttings and books hac raids had paid dividends and months ago. been seized— but what they wer« that it had been wise to carry supposed to prove no one them out at that time. “The people of South Africa seemed to know. know that the Minister of Jus­ Mr. Davidoff said the raids tice is capable of producing were a form of intimidation as fantastic horror stories for the was practised in nazi Germany. obvious purposes of arrogating Why the long delay between the to himself arbitrary and more raids and any court action? The drastic powers to curb the resis­ Minister could not have it both tance of the people against ways. oppression. Either the matter was serious, or there, was something else “EVIL MOTIVES” behind it. “Having suppressed tthe fun­ damental rights and liberties of eminent South African citizens who were associated with the Congress movement in a fashion reminiscent' of Hitleric Ger­ many, the Minister now has the audacity of accusing the con­ gresses of evil motives. “If he has any basis in truth for these allegations then let him charge these organizations in a court of law, where they ; can defend themselves..” (News by J. Swanepoel, 174, Main Street, Johannesburg.) ^ T 3 c> J S | S P The Book in Answer to Huddleston Cape Times Reporter 'J'HE book to answer Father Trevor Huddleston’s “Naught for Your Comfort” is expected to be published by June 8, and it is to be called “ You Are Wrong, Father Huddleston” , 1 was told by the Cape Town representative of the publishers yesterday. This 60,000-word book has been written by Mr. Alexander Steward, Director of Informa­ tion at South Africa House, London, and is being published in South Africa by Howard Timmins (Pty.) Ltd. for John Lane (The Bodley Head) at 12s. 6d. a copy. FIRST PRINTING Mr. Timmins said yesterday that the final proofs of the book were now being expected from England. The first printing of the work would be from 8,000 to 10,000 copies. Some would be shipped to England. “ The book is being pro­ duced in South Africa because it is felt that it could not be brought out in time oversea. It has been very well sub­ scribed for indeed. “I would like to point out that from our point of view it is purely a business venture. TWO SIDES ‘There are two sides to every question and as Father Huddle­ ston had said that his book was biased, Mr. Steward’s book will give the other side. “ Mr. Steward has written a straight account of what has oeen done for the Bantu and goes back to 1936. He quotes General Smuts frequently. “He also makes it plain that he has no time for political missionaries and mentions at least three, including Van der Kemp, whom he dislikes. “ The dust jacket of Mr. i Steward’s book consists of a small reproduction of the dust jacket of ‘Naught for Your I Comfort’ crossed out in red and ■ on it the title, ‘You Are Wrong, . Father Huddleston’, has been printed.” I Does Reply to Huddleston \ Mention Refusal of Passports?

From Mr. ALEX HEPPLE, MP (House of Assembly, Cape Town): T SEE that the Government’s reply to Father Huddleston’s book “ Naught For Your Comfort” will be published on June 8. I hope that the author, Mr. Alexander Steward, Director of Information, South Africa House, London, has included an answer to Father Huddle­ ston’s chapter entitled “Who Goes There?” This chapter deals with the important ques­ tion of personal freedom, par­ ticularly the refusal of pass­ ports to South Africans. Father Huddleston states that Mrs. Jessie MacPherson, chairman of the Labour Party, was refused a passport. I know that to be an undeniable fact. In spite of persistent efforts, I have been unable to extract any sort of explanation from the Minister for the refusal.

Political Prisoner Mr. Hepple If Mr. Steward fails to explain why Mrs. MacPherson political blow at one of its was refused a passport, then the opponents. The effect is also to State Information Office must besmirch the honourable repu­ expect “unfavourable publicity” tation of the Labour Party, abroad to continue. The refusal which is not a sinister or con­ is a grave slur not only on Mrs. spiratorial organization, but a MacPherson, a woman of high political party like the National­ repute and an ex-M ayor of ist Party, although much older. Johannesburg^ but also on the As Parliamentary Leader of the Labour Party, of which she is Labour Party, I refuse to accept chairman. Can people here and this slur. abroad who know Mrs. Mac­ For my part, I shall raise my Pherson, be silent while she is voice against injustices when­ a political prisoner in South ever I can and as loudly as I Africa? Must we, her party can. If this leads to “unfavour­ colleagues, ignore this unjust able publicity” abroad, then the action by the Government? Government’s remedy is not to Must we let it pass without silence me (and its other public protest? critics), but to end the injus­ By refusing the chairman of tices. Home truths cannot be the Labour Party a passport, the suppressed by labelling them as Government has struck a low foreign lies. 1 IXVU

c - r H j HThe Answer to \ Huddleston From Mr. HOWARD B. TIM M INS (109, Long Street, Cape Town): MR . ALEX HEPPLE (Cape Times, June 2) refers to the Government’s reply to Father Huddleston’s book “Naught For Your Comfort”. A llow me to state that this forthcoming book by Alexander Steward has nothing to do with aa ~fovernment. I am paying Mr Steward a royalty consider* ably higher than is usual for a first book, because in m y opinion „you Are Wrong Father Huddleston’ will-, command a sale justifying this royalty. I am also paying the full pro- duction costs and, supplying an edition to the London publishers from South Africa, because we can produce the book more quickly than can be managed in London at the moment. I am publishing the book, as I have said, at my own expense for two reasons. In the first place I think it is a business proposition, and, secondly, I was taught by the famous British publisher, Sin Stanley Unwin, that every man should have his say. He once told me he published on the same day a book by Lord Curzon, an ultra-Conservative and one by Karl Marx. We have had Father Huddleston’s vievvf- point; now let the, public see f other side. W benAhb bodk it; published, surely that is the time to comment on It'.'

CT ------^ In Reply to Huddleston From Mr. ALEX HEPPLE, MP (House of Assembly, Cape Town): MR- TIMMINS seems to have misunderstood my letter about Mr. Steward’s forth­ coming book in answer to Father Huddleston. I made no objection to its publication. In these days of insensate political censorship, I heartily approve of Mr. Timmins’s policy of letting every man have his say, from the ultra-conservative to the extreme left. If Mr. Timmins will read, my letter again, he will see that my criticism was directed against the Government for refusing Mrs. MacPherson, chairman of the Labour Party, a passport. I expressed the hope that Mr. Steward had explained the refusal. Mr. Timmins also states: “ The book has nothing to do with the Government.” I would like to remind Mr. Timmins that the first information about Mr. Steward’s book was conveyed to the world by the Minister of External Affairs, Mr. E. H. Louw, who controls the State Information Office; that Mr. Steward is the Director of Information at South Africa House, London; and that Mr. Louw told Parliament on April 27 that “Mr. Steward, of the London Information Office, is arranging for the writing and publication of a book in reply to Huddleston”. Does Reply to Huddleston

i Mention Refusal Letters to iv the Editor of Passports?

From Mr. ALEX HEPPLE, MP (House of Assembly, Cape Town): T SEE that the Government’s reply to Father Huddleston’s book “ Naught For Your Comfort” will be published on June 8.} I hope that the author, Mr. Alexander Steward, Director of Information, South Africa House, London, has included an answer to Father Huddle­ ston’s chapter entitled “Who Goes There?” This chapter deals with the important ques­ tion of personal freedom, par­ i ticularly the refusal of pass­ ports to South Africans. Father i Huddleston states that Mrs. Jessie MacPherson, chairman of the Labour Party, was refused a passport. I know that to be an undeniable fact. In spite of persistent efforts, I have been unable to extract any sort of explanation from the Minister for the refusal. Political Prisoner

If _ Mr. Steward fails to explain why Mrs. MacPherson political blow at one of its was refused a passport, then the opponents. The effect is also to State Information Office must besmirch the honourable repu­ expect “unfavourable publicity” tation of the Labour Party, abroad to continue. The refusal which is not a sinister or con­ is a grave slur not only on Mrs. spiratorial organization, but a MacPherson, a woman of high political party like the National­ repute and an ex-M ayor of ist Party, although much older. Johannesburg, but also on the As Parliamentary Leader of the Labour Party, of which she is Labour Party, I refuse to accept chairman. Can people here and this slur. abroad who know Mrs. Mac­ For my part, I shall raise my Pherson, be silent while she is voice against injustices when­ a political prisoner in South ever I can and as loudly as I Africa? Must we, her party can. If this leads to “ unfavour­ colleagues, ignore this unjust able publicity” abroad, then the action by the Government? Government’s remedy is not to Must we let it pass without silence me (and its other public protest? critics), but to end the injus­ By refusing the chairman of tices. Home truths cannot be the Labour Party a passport, the suppressed by labelling them as Government has struck a low foreign lies. The Opposition The United Party this session demonstrated a greater unity of 1956 Session Was Botl purpose—except on the matter of parliamentary pay—and was more successful in debate than it has been for several years. In the joint sitting, again in the %, ‘Most Important’ and Tomlinson Report debate, and in the brief but fierce debates on the other apartheid measures it forced the Government repeat­ ^ ‘Most Disastrous’ Ever edly on the defensive. The Labour Party again this session put up a remarkable r | 1H E Prime Minister, Mr. Strijdom, told a Nationalist audience a few performance for so small a group, fighting vigorously and ago that the 1956 parliamentary session had been one of the most imj unambiguously against each new in the Union’s history; a few days later Dr. Douglas Smit, United Party s apartheid Bill and also finding time to cross swords with the man on Native affairs, labelled this session the most disastrous ever f Government on many other matters between these measures non-European. —something which the United In effect they were saying the banish without trial an Party seemed disinclined to same thing. By ------who in their opinio w orry about. Mr. Strijdom was rejoicing danger to peace and c The Natives’ Representatives at the successful passage of the George Clay Other apartheid this year did not make as strong very laws which Dr. Smit saw which also aroused ft an impression as in recent as a grave danger to the future troversy this session sessions. stability of race relations in Bantu Education Ai The eclipse of the Conserva­ South Africa. Bill, which tightens Gc tive Party continued, its mem­ For the Nationalists this control over privat bers becoming more and more session brought two great vic­ schools, another Gro closely identified with Govern­ tories—the passing and legal Amendment Bill canc ment policies and attitudes. endorsement of its legislation freehold rights rem; During the session, too, one of to remove the Coloured voters Natives in certain a its six representatives. Dr. from the common roll and the the Population R< Abraham Jonker, crossed the enactment of the long-disputed Amendment Bill, w: floor to join the Nationalist industrial conciliation legis­ down that a person i Party. lation. like a Native can be Each was hailed as a corner­ as a Native and puts The Government stone of apartheid, the Coloured on that person to prt vote legislation in the field of wishes to, that he is ij The Nationalist Party this political rights and the indus­ a Native. session has left most of the trial conciliation legislation in talking to a small group of its the labour relations sphere. Minor Bills front-benchers — the Transvaal Both, the Nationalists claim, clique. Mr. Eric Louw, with two are essential for the implemen­ As in every session portfolios to account for— tation of apartheid. Nationalists came t< Finance and External A ffairs— But while the Nationalists these apartheid measi was as energetic as ever, finding claimed these as two great steps stituted the bulk of tl time to give a few readings from forward towards the apartheid tant legislation dealt his clippings and indulge in ideal, Nationalist colour policy year. Two Bills were pu some political hand to-hand received a severe blow this making more change; fighting as well. session with the appearance of Dr. Verwoerd—again domi­ liquor laws—one aboil The Prime Minister, Mr. the Tomlinson Report on the nated. tied-house system. Tl Strijdom, took part in a much rehabilitation of . the Native B ill was one of the greater number of debates than reserves. 5 most important practic was usual for his predecessor, held that its challenge could not Dr. Malan. But Mr. Strijdom is be met. ures. It consolidated am not listened to with the keen Disappointment The debates on the Industrial up to date the Union’; attention usually accorded Dr. Conciliation Bill, the Tomlinson cated water laws. But t The Tomlinson Commission Malan. The Opposition regards Report and on the Coloured vote no dispute about the found that even wife the maxi­ his speeches as merely emotional legislation in the joint sitting Parliament. Points of ; mum effort to build up these tirades, and even on the were the highlights of the ses­ have been hammered reserves they would not be able Nationalist benches there is not sion. Between them, Parliament several yeahs in select to hold the entire African the same wild enthusiasm when slumped into the doldrums. tee, and the Bill came population of the Union. At the as an agreed measure Mr. Strijdom speaks as there turn of the century there would A Bill which has bee was during his first year of still be as many Natives as Another Clash stocks for two years—t office. Europeans outside the reserves. cal, Dental and I The Minister of Labour, Sena­ This was a grave disappoint­ Near the end of the session, Amendment Bill—wa tor Jan de Klerk, played a ment to the Nationalists. however, there was another hec­ drawn at the end of th prominent part in the first half And the moral argument sur­ tic clash—again over apartheid. when it became clear of the session piloting the rounding apartheid suffered, too, This time it was a group qf remaining apartheid Bi Industrial Conciliation Bill. He when in the debate on the Tom­ Bills denying Natives access to take up the rest of Par has developed a condescending the courts under a variety of linson Report the Opposition time. style which amuses the Opposi­ charged the Government with circumstances which aroused,the tion and seems to irritate some A B ill to consolic running away from the Tomlin­ Opposition. of the Nationalist back-benchers son Commission’s challenge. These were the Natives Defence Act came i whose parliamentary service far select committee, but The Tomlinson Commission Administration Amendment Bill, exceeds the Minister’s. held over for next year, had made it clear that even this which increases the Govern­ The Minister of Justice, Mr. the Rents Bill and the 1-to-l ratio by the year 2000 ment’s power to deal summarily Swart, has borne a major share Bill. would not be achieved unless with tribal Natives, the Natives of the session’s work, too. As That, constitutes the the country made a spectacular (Prohibition of Interdicts) Bill, Leader of the House he is even Parliament’s achieveme effort involving great sacrifices. which denies Natives the right more in the limelight than year. The Government, however, to get court interdicts staying when the Malan Cabinet was in rejected the Commission’s major the execution of removal orders, office. recommendations and refused to and the Natives (Urban Areas) But again it was Dr. Ver­ tie itself to the plan and tempo Amendment Bill, which gives woerd who dominated the ses­ without which the Commission municipalities the right to sion— a strangely sensitive Dr. Verwoerd. The loquacity of the Minister of Native Affairs has become an open j^kg in Parlia­ ment at which ‘ %ven junior Nationalists dare to smile. But this session something new was added to Dr. Ve'rwoerd’s mara­ thon contributions Ip debate. He expended many words this session on personal justification, on complaints about Opposition discourtesy and suspicion, on involved defence o f his moral standpoint and on bitter attacks on his opponents. He was irritable, nervous and impatient. Both apartheid and its high priest ended this session a little .BR, ODY JN 25, JUNE '.SBURG, MONDAY,

m meeting of the Freedom Freedom the of meeting all the speeches and took took and speeches recorded police the The all Klip- terday. yes­ at Johannesburg, near town, movement Charter MEET­ CHARTER FREEDOM rsn, nldn Europeans. including those of present, many of photographs a attended policemen detectives 60 than and More : ING n h tppcue oe f the of some picture top the In om r se gvn the giving seen are form “thumbs up” sign of the the of sign up” “thumbs From left to right: A delegate delegate Congress. A right: to National left From African Transvaal branch of the the of the branch of Transvaal president P. E. Mr. Moretsele, Elizabeth, Port from plat­ main the on delegates en ey peiet f the of president Levy, Leon African Nation Congress, Mr. Mr. Congress, Nation African Mrs. Helen Joseph, secretary secretary Joseph, Helen Mrs. f h Fdrto o S.A. of Federation the of Unions, Trade of CongressS.A. president of the African African s Women the Congress’ Ngoyi, of National Lilian president Mrs. Women, Head Constable W. J. Herbst Herbst J. W. Constable Head of Press, E. R. Dr. and League the other picture Detective Detective picture other the In Democrats. of Congress the n Dtcie egat . J. W. Sergeant Detective and es' r hw aig notes taking shown are Wesse's uig h meeting. the during osals igd h frt niesr meig f the of meeting anniversary first the ringed constables Indians and photographed many many photographed and Indians M reo Catr oeet t lpon na Johannes­ near Kliptown, at Movement Charter Freedom i hs peet | the from cars, number ' Police a speeches. the including all of present. those oi and Coloureds Europeans, Natives, Flying Squad, were parked on the the on parked were Squad, Flying ih h cod f bu 1,000, about of crowd the with ug ysedy , yesterday. burg, hr te etn to place^ took meeting the where usit o te otal ground football the of outskirts jbjStaoii^neu jbjStaoii^neu h meig a ebr f the of member a meeting, the addressing National finished African had Congress, the of Sibande, e Tk Notes Take Men n al ulc etns r gather­ or meetings public all ing a with him served Branch Special oie ann hm rm attend­ from him banning notice ns o te et ie years. five next the for ings as ttacked A Laws h Tasal oslaie Com­ Consultative Transvaal the women. Native the Act, Senate the Act, Areas oges te ot Arcn Con­ Indian National African South Transvaal African the Congress, the the Congress, of mittee the and Act Education Bantu h Suh fia Pae Council. Peace African South the ot president Thompson, C. D. Rev. introduction of “passes foi foi “passes of introduction rs o Tae nos te South the Unions, Trade of gress n te ot Arcn Coloured African South the and fia Cnrs o Democrats, of Congress African epe’ Organisation. Peoples’ L. Spengler, head of the Special; Special; the A. of Major head Spengler, of L. direction the under Branch. eetvs ok hrhn notes shorthand took Detectives Plain-clothes detectives mingled mingled detectives Plain-clothes pca Branch Special After one speaker, Mr. Gert Gert Mr. speaker, one After h meig a ognsd by organised was meeting The Speakers attacked the Group Group the attacked Speakers mn te paes a the was speakers the Among The detectives present were were present detectives The ta 6 mmes f h Seil rnh f the of Branch Special the of members 60 than E R O ... n a u e o amd uoen police European armed of ber num a and C.I.D. Speeches f o -f „ xo\j~ m m trip

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Collection Number: A3393

Collection Name: Bob Hepple Papers

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