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Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. -
Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution
Evol Biol DOI 10.1007/s11692-017-9407-x SYNTHESIS PAPER Simplification, Innateness, and the Absorption of Meaning from Context: How Novelty Arises from Gradual Network Evolution Adi Livnat1 Received: 25 May 2016 / Accepted: 6 January 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract How does new genetic information arise? Tra- leads to complexity; and that evolution and learning are ditional thinking holds that mutation happens by accident conceptually linked. and then spreads in the population by either natural selec- tion or random genetic drift. There have been at least two Keywords Evolvability · Novelty · Cooption · fundamental conceptual problems with imagining an alter- Parsimony · Gene fusion · Instinct native. First, it seemed that the only alternative is a muta- tion that responds “smartly” to the immediate environment; [C]hange is taking place on many scales at the same but in complex multicellulars, it is hard to imagine how time, and ... it is the interaction among phenomena this could be implemented. Second, if there were mecha- on different scales that must occupy our attention. nisms of mutation that “knew” what genetic changes would —Simon A. Levin (1992). be favored in a given environment, this would have only begged the question of how they acquired that particular knowledge to begin with. This paper offers an alternative 1 Introduction that avoids these problems. It holds that mutational mecha- nisms act on information that is in the genome, based on There have been two main ways of thinking about the considerations of simplicity, parsimony, elegance, etc. nature of mutation and how it allows for adaptive evolution. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The new prophet : Harold C. Urey, scientist, atheist, and defender of religion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j80v92j Author Shindell, Matthew Benjamin Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The New Prophet: Harold C. Urey, Scientist, Atheist, and Defender of Religion A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History (Science Studies) by Matthew Benjamin Shindell Committee in charge: Professor Naomi Oreskes, Chair Professor Robert Edelman Professor Martha Lampland Professor Charles Thorpe Professor Robert Westman 2011 Copyright Matthew Benjamin Shindell, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Matthew Benjamin Shindell is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………...... iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. iv Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………. -
July, and October
ISSN 0739-4934 NEWSLETTER I {!STORY OF SCIENCE _iu_'i_i_u~-~-~-o~_9_N_u_M_B_E_R_3__________ S00ETY AAASREPORT HSSEXECUTIVE A Larger Role for History of Science COMMITTEE PRESIDENT in Undergraduate Education STEPHEN G. BRUSH, University of Maryland NORRISS S. HETHERINGTON VICE-PRESIDENT Office for the History of Science and Technology, SALLY GREGORY KOHLSTEDT, University of California, Berkeley University of Minnesota EXECU11VESECRETARY HISTORIANS OF SCIENCE have often been called to contribute to under MICHAEL M. SOKAL, Worcester graduate education. As HSS President Stephen G. Brush notes jNewsletter, Polytechnic Institute January 1990, pp. 1, 8-10), historically oriented science courses could be TREASURER come a valuable part of the core curriculum at many institutions, and fac MARY LOUISE GLEASON, New York City ulty at many colleges-especially science professors-have expressed strong EDITDR interest in using materials and perspectives from history of science. RONALD L. NUMBERS, University of We are now called again, this time by the American Association for the Wisconsin-Madison Advancement of Science. The Liberal Art of Science: Agenda for Action, published by the AAAS in May 1990, argues that science is one of the liberal The Newsletter of the History of Science arts and that it should be taught as such, as integrated into the totality of Society is published in January, April, July, and October. Regular issues are sent to individual human experience. This argument and advice may seem obvious to histori members of the Society who reside in North ans of science, but it is a revolutionary departure from tradition for many America. Airmail copies are sent to those scientists, and one that could transform both undergraduate education and members overseas who pay $5 yearly to cover postal costs: The Newsletter is available to the role of our discipline. -
The Biological Bulletin
THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY TWENTY-FIRST REPORT; FOR THE YEAR 1918 THIRTY-FIRST YEAR I. TRUSTEES (AS OF AUGUST, 1918) 345 II. ACT OF INCORPORATION 346 III. BY-LAWS OF THE CORPORATION 347 IV. THE TREASURER'S REPORT 349 V. THE LIBRARIAN'S REPORT 352 VI. THE DIRECTOR'S REPORT 352 Statement 352 1. The Staff 356 2. Investigators and Students 358 3. Tabular View of Attendance 362 4. Subscribing Institutions 363 5. Evening Lectures 364 6. Members of the Corporation 364 I. TRUSTEES EX OFFICIO FRANK R. LILLIE, Director, The University of Chicago. GILMAN A. DREW, Assistant Director, Marine Biological Laboratory. D. BLAKELY HOAR, Treasurer, 161 Devonshire Street, Boston, Mass. GARY N. CALKINS, Clerk of the Corporation, Columbia University. TO SERVE UNTIL IQ22 CORNELIA M. CLAPP, Mount Holyoke College. E. G. CONKLIN, Princeton University. Ross G. HARRISON, Yale University. CAMILLUS G. KIDDER, 27 William Street, New York City. M. M. METCALF. Oberlin, Ohio. WILLIAM PATTEN, Dartmouth College. JACOB REIGHARD, University of Michigan. W. B. SCOTT, Princeton University. TO SERVE UNTIL 192! S. F. CLARKE, Williamstown, Mass. CHARLES A. COOLIDGE, Ames Building, Boston, Mass. 345 346 MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY. C. R. CRANE, Woods Hole, Mass., President of the Corporation. ALFRED G. MAYOR, Carnegie Institution. C. E. McCLUNG, University of Pennsylvania. T. H. MORGAN, Columbia University. ERWIN F. SMITH, United States Department of Agriculture. E. B. WILSON, Columbia University. TO SERVE UNTIL 1920 H. H. DONALDSON, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. M. J. GREENMAN, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. C. W. HARGITT, Syracuse University. H. S. JENNINGS, Johns Hopkins University. -
Regenerative Medicine's Historical Roots in Regeneration, Transplantation, and Translation
Developmental Biology 358 (2011) 278–284 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/developmentalbiology Regenerative medicine's historical roots in regeneration, transplantation, and translation Jane Maienschein Center for Biology and Society, School of Life Sciences 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, United States article info abstract Article history: Regenerative medicine is not new; it has not sprung anew out of stem cell science as has often been Received for publication 4 February 2010 suggested. There is a rich history of study of regeneration, of development, and of the ways in which Revised 12 April 2010 understanding regeneration advances study of development and also has practical and medical applications. Accepted 9 June 2010 This paper explores the history of regenerative medicine, starting especially with T.H. Morgan in 1901 and Available online 16 June 2010 carrying through the history of transplantation research in the 20th century, to an emphasis on translational medicine in the late 20th century. Keywords: Regeneration © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Development Translation Transplantation Regenerative medicine Regenerative medicine, as it has been labeled, typically calls for Yet, current research draws on several different lines of historical regeneration of lost function to address clinical medical problems. A study that have been grounded in different underlying assumptions widely adopted description recorded by the NIH captures several and have benefitted from different techniques and methods. At root different aspects of the research, noting the several goals to replace are studies of regeneration and transplantation, and it is worth lost structures, to regenerate failed functions, and to solve problems in looking more closely at those rich research traditions of the first half of new ways. -
Ethology and the Origins of Behavioral Endocrinology
Hormones and Behavior 47 (2005) 493–502 www.elsevier.com/locate/yhbeh Historical Review Ethology and the origins of behavioral endocrinology Peter MarlerT Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, Animal Communication Lab, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Received 28 September 2004; revised 30 December 2004; accepted 4 January 2005 Abstract The neurosciences embrace many disciplines, some long established, others of more recent origin. Behavioral endocrinology has only recently been fully acknowledged as a branch of neuroscience, distinctive for the determination of some of its exponents to remain integrative in the face of the many pressures towards reductionism that so dominate modern biology. One of its most characteristic features is a commitment to research at the whole-animal level on the physiological basis of complex behaviors, with a particular but by no means exclusive focus on reproductive behavior in all its aspects. The search for rigorously defined principles of behavioral organization that apply across species and the hormonal and neural mechanisms that sustain them underlies much of the research. Their aims are much like those put forth in the classical ethology of Lorenz and Tinbergen, one of the roots from which behavioral endocrinology has sprung. But there are others that can be traced back a century or more. Antecedents can be found in the work of such pioneers as Jakob von Uexkqll, Jacques Loeb, Herbert Spencer Jennings, and particularly Charles Otis Whitman who launched a tradition that culminated in the classical contributions of Robert Hinde and Daniel Lehrman. William C. Young was another pioneer. His studies revolutionized thinking about the physiological mechanisms by which hormones influence behavior. -
Cloning and Stem Cell Debates in the Context of Genetic Determinism
Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics Volume 9 Issue 3 Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Article 6 Ethics 2009 Cloning and Stem Cell Debates in the Context of Genetic Determinism Jane Maienschein Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjhple Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons, and the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons Recommended Citation Jane Maienschein, Cloning and Stem Cell Debates in the Context of Genetic Determinism, 9 YALE J. HEALTH POL'Y L. & ETHICS (2009). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjhple/vol9/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics by an authorized editor of Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maienschein: Cloning and Stem Cell Debates in the Context of Genetic Determinism Cloning and Stem Cell Debates in the Context of Genetic Determinism Jane Maienschein* When I studied introductory biology at the newly-coeducated Yale in the early 1970s, we didn't hear anything about stem cells. For that matter, we heard relatively little about embryos and development and much more about genetics and cell biology. The impression given was that cells are complex, they divide and multiply, and together they make up organisms. What seemed to matter most, however, were the genes, the nucleus, and to some extent the ways that genes cause the cells to act. -
Science Across the Pacific: American-Japanese Scientific and Cultural Contacts in the Late Nineteenth Century*
Science Across the Pacific: American-Japanese Scientific and Cultural Contacts in the Late Nineteenth Century* Masao Watanabe** Introduction: the Age of Steam and Electricity The nineteenth century witnessed a remarkable dissemination of science and technology in the Western world and, from the point of view of history of science and technology, may very well be considered the age of steam and electricity. It was in the nineteenth century that the steam engine, already invented and utilized in the eighteenth century, came fully to exhibit its power in promoting the indus trial revolution. It was also in this century that newly invented locomotives and steamships revolutionized means of transportation and spurred oceanic navi gation. Thus steam replaced the labor of man and beast and the power of water and wind, served to step up the production of mining and manufacturing, drew distant areas together, and accelerated economic circulation and cultural exchange. Moreover the cuttings and tunnels required for railway construction revealed a great deal of geological information and furnished new knowledge of the past (particularly of fossils), which led in part to the theory of evolution itself. The discovery of the electric battery by Alessandro Volta in 1799 gave, for the first time, a continuous current of electricity. It facilitated the discoveries of electrolysis, the electric arc, the electro-magnet, the induction coil, the dynamo, and the electric motor. The invention of the electric telegraph and telephone followed. A new era of electricity was thus opened. Effective means of com munication by electricity, of transportation by steam and later by electricity, were developed with great rapidity. -
John Spangler Nicholas
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JOHN SPANGLER N ICHOLAS 1895—1963 A Biographical Memoir by J A N E M . OPPENHEIMER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1969 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. JOHN SPANGLER NICHOLAS March 10,1895-September 11,1963 BY JANE M. OPPENHEIMER There is a line among the fragments of the Greek poet Archilo- chus which says: "The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing." Scholars have differed about the correct in- terpretation of these dark words, which may mean no more than that the fox, for all his cunning, is defeated by the hedgehog's one defense. But, taken figuratively, the words can be made to yield a sense in which they mark one of the deepest differences which divide writers and thinkers, and, it may be, human beings in gen- eral. For there exists a great chasm between those, on one side, who relate everything to a single central vision, one system less or more coherent or articulate, in terms of which they understand, think and feel—a single, universal, organizing principle in terms of which alone all that they are and say has significance—and, on the other side, those who pursue many ends, often unrelated and even con- tradictory, connected, if at all, only in some de facto way, for some psychological or physiological cause, related by no moral or aesthetic principle; these last lead lives, perform acts, and entertain ideas that are centrifugal rather than centripetal, their thought is scattered or diffused, moving on many levels, seizing upon the essence of a vast variety of experiences and objects for what they are in themselves, without, consciously or unconsciously, seeking to fit them into, or exclude them from, any one unchanging, all- embracing, sometimes self-contradictory and incomplete, at times fanatical, unitary inner vision. -
Johns Hopkins University Circulars
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS Publis/ied with the approbation of the Board of Trustees VOL. XII,—No. 107.] BALTIMORE, JUNE, 1893. [PRICE, 10 CENTS. PROGRAMMES FOR 1893--94. The following courses in literature and science are offered for the academic year which begins October 1, 1893. They are open to properly qualified young men, according to conditions varying somewhat in each department. The Annual Register, giving full statements as to the regulations and work of the University, will be sent on application. Separate announcements ofthe Medical Courses will be sent on application. D. C. GILMAN, President of the Johns Hopkins University. JOHN J. ABEL, Professor of Pharmacology, FABIAN FRANKLI N, Professor ofMathematics, courses in Pharmacology. (a) Theory of Algebraic Forms, Exercises in Analytic Geom- etry, Theory of Numbers, Theory of Probability. H. B. ADAMS, Professor ofAmerican and Institutional History, (b) Differential and Integral Calculus, Determinants, Modern (a) Seminary of History and Politics. Analytic Geometry, etc. (b) Early History of Institutions, Greek Politics, and Germanic State Life. B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, Professor of Greek, (c) withassistance, undergraduate coursesin Historyand Politics. (a) will direct the Greek Seminary (Plato, etc.) (b) will conduct a Grammatical Society. M. BLOOM FIELD, Professorof Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, (c) will lecture on Greek Epic Poetry. (a) Linguistic Science and Comparative Grammar. (d) course of Practical Exercises in Greek. (b) Judo-Iranian Languages. HERBERT E. GREENE, Collegiate Professor of English, J. W. BRIGHT, Professor of English Philology, courses in English and Rhetoric. (a) English Seminary. E. H. GRIFFIN, Professor ofthe History ofPhilosophy, (b) English Philology, Middle English Grammar, Anglo- (a) advanced courses in Modern Philosophy and Ethics. -
Charles Otis Whitman (1842-1910) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Charles Otis Whitman (1842-1910) [1] By: Schuermann, D. Brian Keywords: Biography [2] Morphology [3] Laboratories [4] Charles Otis Whitman [5] was an extremely curious and driven researcher who was not content to limit himself to one field of expertise. Among the fields of study to which he made significant contributions were: embryology [6]; morphology [7], or the form of living organisms and the relationships between their structures; natural history [8]; and behavior. Whitman served as director of several programs and institutions, including the Biology Department at the University of Chicago [9], where he helped establish a new style of biology and influenced the work of many researchers of his generation, as well as future ones. He also served as first director of the Marine Biological Laboratory [10] (MBL) in Woods Hole [11], MA. Besides his considerable achievements with his own scientific research, Whitman was a tireless mentor who had many students who went on to achieve great success in the field of embryology [6]. Whitman was born in North Woodstock, Maine, to parents Marcia and Joseph Whitman on 14 December 1842. He grew up on a farm and developed an interest in natural history [8], particularly that of pigeons, at an early age. Whitman’s family was typical of the rural area where he grew up, and he was educated in the public school system, but despite his family’s lack of money he was highly motivated to receive a college education. Whitman earned money by teaching and tutoring in private schools, and in 1865 he began attending Bowdoin College [12] in Brunswick, Maine.