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Kapittel 29 Organiske Kjemikalier

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Kapittel 29 Organiske Kjemikalier 29 KAPITTEL 29 ORGANISKE KJEMIKALIER Alminnelige bestemmelser Med forbehold av bestemmelsene i kapittelnote 1 omfatter dette kapitlet som regel bare isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser. A. Kjemisk definerte forbindelser. (Kapittelnote 1) En isolert, kjemisk definert forbindelse er et stoff som består av ett molekylslag (for eksempel kovalent eller ionisk), hvis sammensetning er definert ved et konstant forhold mellom grunnstoffene, og som kan representeres ved et definitivt strukturert diagram. I et krystallgitter svarer molekylslagene til repetisjons- enhetscellen. Isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser, som inneholder andre stoffer tilsatt med hensikt under eller etter fremstillingen (herunder rensing), er unntatt fra dette kapitlet. Derfor er et produkt som består av sakkarin, blandet med for eksempel laktose for å gjøre det særlig anvendelig som søtningsmiddel, unntatt (se kommentarene til posisjon 29.25). De isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser som hører under dette kapitlet, kan inneholde forurensninger (note 1.a). Et unntak fra denne regel fremgår av ordlyden til posisjon 29.40 som, når det gjelder sukker- arter, begrenser posisjonens omfang til kjemisk rene sukkerarter. Med ”forurensninger” menes utelukkende stoffer hvis forekomst sammen med den ene kjemiske for- bindelse bare er en direkte følge av fremstillingsprosessen (herunder rensing). Disse stoffer kan komme fra hvilket som helst av de produkter som er anvendt i prosessen og er hovedsakelig følgende: a. Ikke omdannede utgangsmaterialer. b. Forurensninger som er tilstede i utgangsmaterialene. c. Reagenser som er brukt i fremstillingsprosessen (herunder rensing). d. Biprodukter. Det gjøres imidlertid oppmerksom på at slike stoffer ikke i alle tilfeller er å anse som de ”forurensninger” som note 1 a tillater. Når slike stoffer med hensikt ikke er fjernet fra produktet for at dette skal være mer egnet for spesiell bruk enn for alminnelig bruk, er stoffene ikke å anse som tillatte forurensninger. Et produkt, som for eksempel består av metylacetat med metanol som med hensikt ikke er fjernet for å forbedre dets anvendelse som oppløsningsmiddel, er unntatt (posisjon 38.14). For visse forbindelser (for eksempel etan, bensen, fenol, pyridin) er det spesielle renhetskriterier som er nevnt i kommentarene til posisjonene 29.01, 29.02, 29.07 og 29.33. De isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser som hører under dette kapitlet, kan være oppløst i vann. Med de samme forbehold som nevnt i de alminnelige bestemmelser til kapittel 28, omfatter dette kapitlet også ikke-vandige oppløsninger eller forbindelser (eller deres oppløsninger) tilsatt stabilisatorer, støvhindrende midler eller fargestoffer. Således føres styren tilsatt tertiært butylkatekol fortsatt under posisjon 29.02. De alminnelige bestemmelser i kommentarene til kapittel 28 vedrørende tilsetning av stabilisatorer, støv- hindrende midler og fargestoffer gjelder, med de nødvendige tillempninger, de kjemiske forbindelser i dette kapitlet. Med forbehold av at de oppfyller de samme krav som er fastsatt når det gjelder fargestoffer, kan disse forbindelser også være tilsatt luktestoffer (for eksempel brommetan, som hører under posisjon 29.03, tilsatt små mengder klorpikrin). 29-1 29 Dette kapitlet omfatter dessuten blandinger av isomerer av den samme organiske forbindelse (også om de inneholder forurensninger). Dette gjelder bare blandinger av forbindelser med samme kjemiske funksjon (eller funksjoner), og som enten forekommer sammen i naturlig tilstand eller er fremstilt samtidig i løpet av den samme syntese. Blandinger av mettede eller umettede asykliske hydrokarbonisomerer (andre enn stereoisomerer) er imidlertid unntatt (kapittel 27). B. Forskjellen mellom forbindelser under kapittel 28 og kapittel 29. Organiske forbindelse av edle metaller, radioaktive grunnstoffer, isotoper, sjeldne jordmetaller, yttrium og scandium, og de andre forbindelsene inneholdende karbon som er opplistet i del B til de alminnelige bestemmelser til kapittel 28 er unntatt fra kapittel 29 (se note 1 til avsnitt VI og note 2 til kapittel 28). Organiske-uorganiske forbindelser, unntatt de som er nevnt i note 2 til kapittel 28, føres i kapittel 29. C. Produkter som fortsatt føres under kapittel 29, selv om de ikke er isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser. Det er visse unntak fra regelen om at kapittel 29 er begrenset til å omfatte bare isolerte, kjemisk definerte forbindelser. Disse unntak omfatter følgende forbindelser: Posisjon 29.09 - Ketonperoksider. Posisjon 29.12 - Sykliske polymerer av aldehyder; paraformaldehyd. Posisjon 29.19 - Laktofosfater. Posisjon 29.23 - Lecitiner og andre fosfoaminolipider. Posisjon 29.34 - Nukleinsyrer og deres salter. Posisjon 29.36 - Provitaminer og vitaminer (herunder konsentrater og blandinger), også oppløste. Posisjon 29.37 - Hormoner. Posisjon 29.38 - Glykosider og deres derivater. Posisjon 29.39 - Vegetabilske alkaloider og deres derivater. Posisjon 29.40 - Sukkeretere, sukkeracetaler og sukkerestere, og deres salter. Posisjon 29.41 - Antibiotika. Dette kapitlet omfatter også diazoniumsalter (se gruppe A i kommentarene til posisjon 29.27), koblere til bruk for disse salter og diazoterbare aminer og deres salter, fortynnet med for eksempel nøytrale salter til standard styrkegrader. Produktene skal brukes ved fremstilling av azofargestoffer og kan foreligge i fast eller flytende form. Dette kapitlet omfatter også pegylerte (polyetylenglykol (eller PEG) polymerer) derivater av produkter som hører under posisjonene 29.36 til 29.39 og 29.41. For disse produktene skal et pegylert derivat fortsatt klassifiseres under samme posisjon som produktet i ikke-pegylerte form. Imidlertid er pegylerte derivater av produkter som hører under enhver annen posisjon i kapittel 29 unntatt (vanligvis posisjon 39.07). 29-2 29 D. Visse isolerte, kjemisk definerte organiske forbindelser som er unntatt fra kapittel 29. (Kapittelnote 2) 1. Visse isolerte, kjemisk definerte organiske forbindelser er alltid unntatt fra kapittel 29, selv om de er rene. I tillegg til de som hører under kapittel 28 (se del B i de alminnelige bestemmelser til det kapitlet) er også følgende forbindelser unntatt: a. Sakkarose (posisjon 17.01); laktose, maltose, glukose og fruktose (posisjon 17.02). b. Etylalkohol (posisjon 22.07 eller 22.08). c. Metan og propan (posisjon 27.11). d. Urea (posisjon 31.02 eller 31.05). e. Immunologiske produkter (posisjon 30.02) f. Fargestoffer av animalsk eller vegetabilsk opprinnelse (for eksempel klorofyll) (posisjon 32.03). g. Syntetiske, organiske fargestoffer (herunder pigmenter) og syntetiske, organiske produkter av det slag som brukes som fluorescerende hvitemidler (for eksempel visse stilbenderivater) (posisjon 32.04). 2. Visse andre isolerte, kjemisk definerte, organiske forbindelser som ellers føres under kapittel 29, kan også være unntatt når de foreligger i visse former, eller de har vært gjenstand for visse behandlinger som ikke påvirker deres kjemiske sammensetning, for eksempel: a. Produkter til terapeutisk eller profylaktisk bruk, når de foreligger i tilmålte doser eller i pakninger bestemt for detaljsalg (posisjon 30.04). b. Produkter til bruk som luminoforer (for eksempel salisylaldazin) som er behandlet slik at det er blitt luminescerende (posisjon 32.04). c. Fargestoffer som i form eller pakning er bestemt for detaljsalg (posisjon 32.12). d. Parfymer, kosmetikk og toalettpreparater (for eksempel aceton) når de foreligger i pakninger for detaljsalg til slik bruk (posisjonene 33.03 til 33.07). e. Produkter anvendelige som lim eller klebemidler i pakninger for detaljsalg som lim eller klebe- midler, med nettovekt høyst 1 kg (posisjon 35.06). f. Fast brensel (for eksempel metaldehyd, heksametylentetramin) som foreligger i former til bruk som brensel, og flytende brensel eller og brennbare gasser i flytende form i beholdere av det slag som brukes ved fylling av sigarettennere eller liknende tennere og med rominnhold høyst 300 cm3 (posisjon 36.06). g. Hydrokinon og andre ublandede produkter til fotografisk bruk i porsjoner eller pakninger for detaljsalg ferdige til fotografisk bruk (posisjon 37.07). h. Desinfeksjonsmidler, insektbekjempende midler etc. når de foreligger i form eller pakning som nevnt under posisjon 38.08. ij. Produkter (for eksempel karbontetraklorid) i form av ladninger til brannslokningsapparater eller brannslokningsbomber (posisjon 38.13). 29-3 29 k. Blekkfjernemidler (for eksempel kloraminer som hører under posisjon 29.35, oppløst i vann) i pakninger for detaljsalg (posisjon 38.24). l. Optiske elementer (for eksempel etylendiamintartrat) (posisjon 90.01). E. Produkter som kan føres under to eller flere posisjoner i kapittel 29. (Kapittelnote 3) Disse produkter føres under den posisjon som er nevnt sist i nummerorden av de mulige posisjoner. Askorbinsyre kan for eksempel anses som et lakton (posisjon 29.32) eller som et vitamin (posisjon 29.36) og føres derfor under posisjon 29.36. Av samme grunn blir allylestrenol, som er en syklisk alkohol (posisjon 29.06), men også et steroid med umodifisert gonanstruktur, og som hovedsakelig brukes på grunn av sin hormonfunksjon (posisjon 29.37), å føre under posisjon 29.37. Det presiseres imidlertid at de produkter som hører under posisjon 29.37, 29.38 og 29.39, uttrykkelig er unntatt fra posisjon 29.40 på grunn av ordlyden i siste del av nevnte posisjonstekst. F. Halogen-, sulfo-, nitro- og nitrosoderivater og sammensetninger derav. (Kapittelnote 4) Visse posisjoner i kapittel 29 inneholder henvisninger til halogen-, sulfo-, nitro- og nitrosoderivater.
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