The Reactivity of Human and Equine Estrogen Quinones Towards Purine Nucleosides
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Clomifene Citrate(BANM, Rinnm) ⊗
2086 Sex Hormones and their Modulators Profasi; UK: Choragon; Ovitrelle; Pregnyl; USA: Chorex†; Choron; Gonic; who received the drug for a shorter period.6 No association be- 8. Werler MM, et al. Ovulation induction and risk of neural tube Novarel; Ovidrel; Pregnyl; Profasi; Venez.: Ovidrel; Pregnyl; Profasi†. tween gonadotrophin therapy and ovarian cancer was noted in defects. Lancet 1994; 344: 445–6. Multi-ingredient: Ger.: NeyNormin N (Revitorgan-Dilutionen N Nr this study. The conclusions of this study were only tentative, 9. Greenland S, Ackerman DL. Clomiphene citrate and neural tube 65)†; Mex.: Gonakor. defects: a pooled analysis of controlled epidemiologic studies since the numbers who developed ovarian cancer were small; it and recommendations for future studies. Fertil Steril 1995; 64: has been pointed out that a successfully achieved pregnancy may 936–41. reduce the risk of some other cancers, and that the risks and ben- 10. Whiteman D, et al. Reproductive factors, subfertility, and risk efits of the procedure are not easy to balance.7 A review8 of epi- of neural tube defects: a case-control study based on the Oxford Clomifene Citrate (BANM, rINNM) ⊗ Record Linkage Study Register. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152: demiological and cohort studies concluded that clomifene was 823–8. Chloramiphene Citrate; Citrato de clomifeno; Clomifène, citrate not associated with any increase in the risk of ovarian cancer 11. Sørensen HT, et al. Use of clomifene during early pregnancy de; Clomifeni citras; Clomiphene Citrate (USAN); Klomifeenisi- when used for less than 12 cycles, but noted conflicting results, and risk of hypospadias: population based case-control study. -
Chemical Compounds As Carcinogenic Agents Second Supplementary Report: Literature of 1938 and 1939 Biological Considerations
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AS CARCINOGENIC AGENTS SECONDSUPPLEMENTARY REPORT: LITERATURE OF 1938 AND 1939 J. W. COOK AND E. L. KENNAWAY (From the Royal Cancer Hospital (Free), London, and the University of Glasgow) BIOLOGICALCONSIDERATIONS (Continued from page 428, Jitly 1940) II. Action of Carcinogenic Compounds in Difierent Species and Tissues A number of reports of the action of carcinogenic compounds on human tis- sues have appeared. Klar (601) developed a nodule on the forearm after completion of a series of experiments with 3:4-benzpyrene. He applied a solution of the hydrocarbon (0.25 per cent in benzol) to the skin of mice with a paint brush and for at least part of the period wore rubber gloves. He also conducted experiments, of which no description is given, with the powdered hydrocarbon contained in a glass vessel. Three months after the completion of the experiments a small nodule appeared on the dorsum of the left forearm, This was excised in May 1938 and described by Professor Huckel as a “ so- called benign calcifying epithelioma.” The growth extended into the subcu- taneous fatty tissue; the connection with the superficial epithelium is not described nor is it evident in the two photomicrographs which illustrate the report. The author does not state his age. Gordonoff and Walthard (562) record the occurrence of a tumor in a labo- ratory assistant, aged forty-two, engaged in applying methylcholanthrene (0.3 per cent in benzol) to the skin of mice. The site was in the nasolabial fold, at a spot often touched by the patient when smoking. The microscopic ap- pearance was that of a “ still well delimited stage of an incipient squamous- cell sarcoma.” Cottini and Mazzone (479) deliberately applied 3 :4-benzpyrene ( 1 per cent in benzene) to the skin, generally of the arm or thigh, of 26 patients with various cutaneous diseases, usually daily for periods up to 120 days. -
Steroid Sex Hormones Non Steroid Hormones Fig. A1. Chemical
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Steroid sex hormones O OH H H H H H H O Testosterone (T) HO Estrone (E1) OH O H H H H H H O HO 17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) 4-Androstene-3,17-dione (AND) OH OH H OH H H H H H H O HO Nandrolone (NAN) Estriol (E3) OH OH H H H H H H O 17α-Methyltestosterone (17α-MT) HO Ethinylestradiol (EE2) OH O O H HO OH H H H H H H O Prednisolone (PRED) O Progesterone (P) Non steroid hormones HO CH3 HO CH3 H C OH H C OH 3 Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 3 Hexestrol (HEX) Fig. A1. Chemical structure of selected endocrine disruptors. Fig. A2. Scheme of SPE procedure: a) PTFE disks, b) nylon filter membrane. Table A1. Characterization data for mesoporous silicas a Material BET surface Pore volume Pore L0C18 Particle morphology Average particle size 2 -1 3 -1 -1 (m g ) (cm g ) diameter (Å) (mmol C18 g ) (length x wide) SBA-15-C18 796 0.88 76 0.69 Cylindrical 1.4 µm x 750 nm a Amount of octadecyl groups per gram of silica Q3 Q4 Q2 DH 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 (ppm) 29 Fig. A3. Si NMR spectrum of SBA-15-C18. 140 0 % Weight Loss T 120 -5 100 s s o L Exothermic Procces 80 t -10 ) h C º g i 60 ( e T W Endothermic Procces -15 % 40 20 -20 0 -25 -20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 T (ºC) Fig. -
Materializing Estrogen and Regulation Under Canada's Food and Drugs Act, 1939-1953 Lara Jessie Tessaro
Osgoode Hall Law School of York University Osgoode Digital Commons LLM Theses Theses and Dissertations 8-27-2018 Toxic Enactments: Materializing Estrogen and Regulation Under Canada's Food and Drugs Act, 1939-1953 Lara Jessie Tessaro Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/llm Part of the Legal History Commons TOXIC ENACTMENTS: MATERIALIZING ESTROGEN AND REGULATION UNDER CANADA’S FOOD AND DRUGS ACT, 1939-1953 LARA TESSARO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW OSGOODE HALL LAW SCHOOL, YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO August 2018 © Lara Tessaro, 2018 ABSTRACT The study describes how estrogen was standardized in Canada, in the 1940s and early 1950s, under the Food and Drugs Act. Contributing to interdisciplinary conversations, it provides an empirical case of how regulatory practices enact material realities. Using archival material, the study describes how estrogen was achieved, in part, through heterogeneous practices of the Canadian Committee on Pharmacopoeial Standards, National Health, and government solicitors. These regulators disagreed on whether, how, and by whom estrogens should be standardized. Rather than resolve these disagreements, Canada enacted multiple regulations purporting to standardize estrogen, and government solicitors practiced “techniques of validating” to render the regulations as lawful. I argue that these regulatory enactments materialized estrogen as a potent, unpredictable, and multiple object. Further, I show how estrogen spawned novel regulatory techniques in Canada, particularly the use of consumer product labels. In this way, estrogen catalyzed an early example of risk regulation in Canada. -
Structure and Origin of Uterine and Extragenital L=Ibroids Induced
Structure and Origin of Uterine and Extragenital l=ibroids Induced Experimentally in the Guinea Pig by Prolonged Administration of Estrogens* Alexander Lipschotz, M.D., and Louis Vargas, Jr., M.D. (From Department o/ Experimental Medicine, National Health Service o/the Republic o/Chile, Santiago, Chile) (Received for publication December 13, x94o) The purpose of this communication is to present the These experimentally induced abdominal tumors findings of a detailed microscopical study of the sites present a smooth surface formed of a capsule com- of origin and stages of development of the subserous posed of flattened superficial cells (Plate 2, Figs. 2-A fibroid tumors induced in guinea pigs by prolonged and 2-B). The cells beneath the capsule resemble administration of estrogens. Details of treatment of fibroblasts. These cells have definite boundaries or the animals are given in the explanations of Plates I- 5. they are separated from each other by collagenous Subserous uterine tumors which can be induced in fibers (Plate 4, Fig. ix-C). guinea pigs by prolonged administration of estrogens, The masses of fibroid tumors arising from the apex as described by Nelson (26, 27), were found to be of the uterine horn may enclose the tubes or large fibroids. Lipschiitz, Iglesias, and Vargas (i3, 18, 22) tubal cysts. The demarcation between the muscular have shown that extragenital tumors in the abdominal coat of the tube and the tumor is not always sharp. cavity, induced by estrogens, also were fibroids. The In some instances, especially when the apical fibroid localization of these tumo~:s at various sites on the is small, the tumor is in close contact with an abun- uterus, pancreas, kidney, spleen, etc., have been de- dance of smooth muscle and adipose tissue (Plate 2, scribed by Iglesias (5), Vargas and Lipschiitz (32), Fig. -
Full Text Pdf
Eastern Biologist No. 4 2015 Protective Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogens and 17-β Estradiol on Oxidatively Stressed Astrocytes Whitley E. Grimes and Kathleen S. Hughes The Eastern Biologist . ♦ A peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles focused on the many diverse disciplines of biological research, except for the natural history science disciplines (ISSN 2165-6657 [online]). ♦ Subject areas - The journal welcomes manuscripts based on original research and observations, as well as research summaries and general interest articles. Subject areas include, but are not limited to, biochemistry, biotechnology, cell biology, developmental biology, genetics and genomics, immunology, microbiology, molecular evolution, neurobiology, parasitology, physiology, toxicology, as well as scientific pedagogy. ♦ Offers article-by-article online publication for prompt distribution to a global audience ♦ Offers authors the option of publishing large files such as data tables, audio and video clips, and even PowerPoint presentations as online supplemental files. ♦ Special issues - The Eastern Biologist welcomes proposals for special issues that are based on conference proceedings or on a series of invitational articles. Special issue editors can rely on the publisher’s years of experiences in efficiently handling most details relating to the publication of special issues. ♦ Indexing - As is the case with Eagle Hill's other journals, the Eastern Biologist is expected to be fully indexed in Elsevier, Thomson Reuters, Proquest, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and other databases. ♦ The journal staff is pleased to discuss ideas for manuscripts and to assist during all stages of manuscript preparation. The journal has a mandatory page charge to help defray a portion of the costs of publishing the manuscript. -
Failures and Controversies of the Antiestrogen Treatment of Breast Cancer
In: Estrogen Prevention for Breast Cancer ISBN: 978-1-62417-378-3 Editor: Zsuzsanna Suba © 2013 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. Chapter VII Failures and Controversies of the Antiestrogen Treatment of Breast Cancer Zsuzsanna Suba National Institute of Oncology, Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Budapest, Hungary Abstract In postmenopausal women, estrogens have unquestionable preventive and curative effects against atherogenic cardiovascular lesions, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, recent studies on correlations between hormone replacement therapy and cancer risk could justify preventive, anticancer capacities of estrogen both on smoking associated and hormone related cancers. Experimental developing of antiestrogen compounds aimed to inhibit the binding of presumably harmful, endogenous estrogen to its receptor system so as to achieve a regression of hormone-related cancers. However, antiestrogens proved to be ineffective in the majority of selected receptor positive breast cancer cases and produced severe side effects, such as vascular complications and cancer development at several sites. Failure of antiestrogen therapy was designated as ―endocrine resistance‖ of tumors. -
Pp375-430-Annex 1.Qxd
ANNEX 1 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ON COMPOUNDS USED IN COMBINED ESTROGEN–PROGESTOGEN CONTRACEPTIVES AND HORMONAL MENOPAUSAL THERAPY Annex 1 describes the chemical and physical data, technical products, trends in produc- tion by region and uses of estrogens and progestogens in combined estrogen–progestogen contraceptives and hormonal menopausal therapy. Estrogens and progestogens are listed separately in alphabetical order. Trade names for these compounds alone and in combination are given in Annexes 2–4. Sales are listed according to the regions designated by WHO. These are: Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe America (North): Canada, Central America (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago), United States of America America (South): Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, -
Estrogen-Induced Endogenous DNA Adduction
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 83, pp. 5301-5305, July 1986 Medical Sciences Estrogen-induced endogenous DNA adduction: Possible mechanism of hormonal cancer (estradiol/synthetic estrogens/renal carcinoma/Syrian hamster/32P-labeling analysis) J. G. LIEHR*, T. A. AVITTSt, E. RANDERATHt, AND K. RANDERATHtt *Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550; and tDepartment of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 Communicated by Paul C. Zamecnik, March 24, 1986 ABSTRACT In animals and humans, estrogens are able to but the mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. In induce cancer in susceptible target organs, but the mecha- view ofthe extensive use ofcompounds with estrogenic activity nism(s) of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis has not been eluci- in human medicine (20, 21) and in agriculture (22) and the dated. A well-known animal model is the development of renal occurrence of estrogenic compounds as contaminants in food carcinoma in estrogen-treated Syrian hamsters. Previous work (22, 23), it is important to define how these compounds cause demonstrated the presence of covalent DNA addition products cancer. (adducts) in premalignant kidneys of hamsters exposed to the A central question to be addressed in this context is whether synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, a known human carcin- or not estrogens, like the majority of chemical carcinogens, ogen. In the present study, the natural hormone, 178-estradiol, induce covalent DNA alterations in the target tissue of and several synthetic steroid and stilbene estrogens were exam- carcinogenesis in vivo. In the present study, experiments were ined by a 32P-postlabeling assay for their capacity to cause carried out to search for adduct formation in an established covalent DNA alterations in hamster kidney. -
The Structure-Function Relationship of Angular Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Alpha to Initiate Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells S
Supplemental material to this article can be found at: http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2020/05/03/mol.120.119776.DC1 1521-0111/98/1/24–37$35.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.120.119776 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 98:24–37, July 2020 Copyright ª 2020 The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY Attribution 4.0 International license. The Structure-Function Relationship of Angular Estrogens and Estrogen Receptor Alpha to Initiate Estrogen-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells s Philipp Y. Maximov, Balkees Abderrahman, Yousef M. Hawsawi, Yue Chen, Charles E. Foulds, Antrix Jain, Anna Malovannaya, Ping Fan, Ramona F. Curpan, Ross Han, Sean W. Fanning, Bradley M. Broom, Daniela M. Quintana Rincon, Jeffery A. Greenland, Geoffrey L. Greene, and V. Craig Jordan Downloaded from Departments of Breast Medical Oncology (P.Y.M., B.A., P.F., D.M.Q.R., J.A.G., V.C.J.) and Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (B.M.B.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research (Gen.Org.), Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Y.M.H.); The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (R.H., S.W.F., G.L.G.); Center for Precision Environmental Health and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (C.E.F.), Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core (A.J., A.M.), Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core (A.M.), and Dan L. Duncan molpharm.aspetjournals.org -
Conjugated Estrogens Sustained Release Tablets) 0.3 Mg, 0.625 Mg, and 1.25 Mg
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH PrPREMARIN® (conjugated estrogens sustained release tablets) 0.3 mg, 0.625 mg, and 1.25 mg ESTROGENIC HORMONES ® Wyeth Canada Date of Revision: Pfizer Canada Inc., Licensee December 1, 2014 17,300 Trans-Canada Highway Kirkland, Quebec H9J 2M5 Submission Control No: 177429 PREMARIN (conjugated estrogens sustained release tablets) Page 1 of 46 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION .........................................................3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ...........................................................................3 INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE ................................................................................3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ......................................................................................................4 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ....................................................................................................14 DRUG INTERACTIONS ....................................................................................................20 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................23 OVERDOSAGE ...................................................................................................................25 ACTION AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ...............................................................25 STORAGE AND STABILITY ............................................................................................28 -
Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites
PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES High quality reference materials for analytical testing of pharmaceutical and veterinary compounds and metabolites. lgcstandards.com/drehrenstorfer [email protected] LGC Quality | ISO 17034 | ISO/IEC 17025 | ISO 9001 PHARMACEUTICAL AND VETERINARY COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES What you need to know Pharmaceutical and veterinary medicines are essential for To facilitate the fair trade of food, and to ensure a consistent human and animal welfare, but their use can leave residues and evidence-based approach to consumer protection across in both the food chain and the environment. In a 2019 survey the globe, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (“Codex”) was of EU member states, the European Food Safety Authority established in 1963. Codex is a joint agency of the FAO (Food (EFSA) found that the number one food safety concern was and Agriculture Office of the United Nations) and the WHO the misuse of antibiotics, hormones and steroids in farm (World Health Organisation). It is responsible for producing animals. This is, in part, related to the issue of growing antibiotic and maintaining the Codex Alimentarius: a compendium of resistance in humans as a result of their potential overuse in standards, guidelines and codes of practice relating to food animals. This level of concern and increasing awareness of safety. The legal framework for the authorisation, distribution the risks associated with veterinary residues entering the food and control of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VMPs) varies chain has led to many regulatory bodies increasing surveillance from country to country, but certain common principles activities for pharmaceutical and veterinary residues in food and apply which are described in the Codex guidelines.