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Reopening of the Queen's State Apartments

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Reopening of the Queen's State Apartments reopening of the queen's PART 1 state apartments Previous page: View of the newly restored Queen’s Bedchamber 10 © Palace of Versailles (dist. RMN - Grand Palais) / Thomas Garnier Above: View of the ceiling in the newly restored Queen’s bedchamber © Palace of Versailles (dist. RMN - Grand Palais) / Thomas Garnier ICI partie XX MONthe queen's TITre chapter 1 destate partie apartments 11 A symbolic place in the Palace and chapter 1 Court life Hall of Mirrors King's State 1 Apartments 2 Queen's 3 State 5 Apartments 4 Royal Courtyard 1 - queen's Bedchamber 5 - The queen's Staircase 2 - The Nobles' room 3 - The queen's royal Table Antechamber direction of the public tour 4 - The queen's Guard room 12 The sovereigns’ State Apartments are where official necessary for the performance of official duties: a Guard duties were carried out and public life was conducted. Room, two antechambers, a parade room and a large They have been open to visitors since the Palace was private chamber. established and are where all of the royal couple’s official obligations were fulfilled, whether they related The ceiling décor featured the same gods and planets to etiquette (the first and grand getting-up and going- as those in the corresponding rooms on the north side; to-bed ceremonies observed by the public, etc.), State the only difference is in the moulded panels, which politics (ambassadors’ receptions, etc.) or even religion. depict heroines here, rather than heroes. Unlike the It is in these spaces, too, where all public audiences were King’s Apartment, which Louis XIV abandoned in conducted, courtiers were presented to the Court and 1684 in favour of accommodation around the Marble certain festivities were held (balls, evening gatherings, Courtyard, leaving the adjoining spaces of the north side etc.). The King and Queen each had such a ceremonial to host Court receptions, the Queen’s official apartment apartment, on the north and south sides of the royal remained unchanged. It was occupied by three queens residence, respectively. Courtiers made their way to see and two dauphines, one after the other, between 1682 the Queen by taking the monumental Queen’s Staircase, and 1789. Its décor and layout evolved more or less which was at the heart of daily life at the Palace, as it according to the women who resided there, which is gave access to both the King’s and Queen’s apartments, why the rooms here are not as consistent as those in the from 1680 onwards. King’s Apartments. The State Apartments of the King and Queen were Today, the Queen’s State Apartments comprise four designed at the same time, starting in 1672, and were rooms, which are visited in the opposite order to that initially laid out symmetrically. The Queen’s State dictated by tradition. It is one of the most spectacular Apartments, although slightly truncated by the creation and popular areas of the Palace of Versailles, welcoming of the Hall of Mirrors in 1678, encompassed all the space more than 8 million visitors a year.. The newly restored Queen's Bedchamber Close-up of the newly restored Nobles' Room © Palace of Versailles, Thomas Garnier © Palace of Versailles, Thomas Garnier The Queen's Royal Table Antechamber The newly restored Queen's Guard Room © Palace of Versailles, Thomas Garnier © Palace of Versailles, Christian Milet 13 Ceiling of the Queen's Bedchamber, before restoration, Palace of Versailles © Palace of Versailles, Thomas Garnier a chapter II much-needed operation networks renovation, safety and security chapter II improvements, air-conditioning upgrade Works undertaken between January 2016 Initially, this project, which is managed on behalf of the and February 2019. Palace of Versailles by the OPPIC, did not encompass restoring the apartments’ main décor. However, to make This operation marked the start of phase 2 of the the most of the closure of the spaces to the public, the renovations, following the urgent works carried out Public Establishment has conducted projects of varying during phase 1 of the development plan to renovate scope in the Queen’s Bedchamber, the Queen’s Guard the Palace of Versailles authorised in 2003 by the Room and the Queen’s Nobles' Antechamber. French Ministry for Culture and Communication. This latest phase involved renovating all the technical networks, upgrading the security and safety of the State Apartments in the southern part of the central section of the Palace of Versailles, i.e. the Dauphin and Dauphine’s Apartments, the Queen’s State Apartments, the Queen’s Private Apartments and chambers, Madame de Maintenon’s Apartment, as well as the Coronation Chamber, the Pope’s Chamber and the Chimay Attic within the Museum of the History of France. A partial air-conditioning system was also installed to enhance preservation of the décors and collections. The works involved: View of the plant room underneath the South Parterre. Heating and ventilation • making the spaces completely safe (expansion of fire network © Patrick Tournebœuf/Tendance Floue/Oppic detection, ensuring means of emergency evacuation, installing security lighting and signage, improving vertical and horizontal firebreaks, especially in attic spaces, smoke control in staircases, upgrading security PA systems, fire hydrants and dry-risers, etc.); • rehabilitating the entire heating network and bringing it up to the required standards, in order to improve safety and energy consumption, and integrating air- conditioning controls for certain spaces (temperature and/or humidity, air conditioning); • securing spaces (access control, anti-intrusion system, video surveillance, emergency-exit management, close- protection systems for the artworks); • completely renovating high- and low-voltage networks; • renovating and upgrading the lighting system (historical lighting, décor and artwork lighting); View of the spaces during the works, showing how walls and ceilings were protected. • creating the necessary technical infrastructure © Patrick Tournebœuf/Tendance Floue/Oppic (ducting and horizontal penetrations in the building/ vertical shafts, underground plant rooms). project management agency Oppic, Opérateur du patrimoine et des projets immobiliers de la Culture. project manager Frédéric Didier, architect-in-chief of historic monuments, in partnership with Khephren Ingéniérie, BET Structures. Alternet, BET Fluides. 16 On-site installation of temporary heating and ventilation equipment during the View showing how the interior spaces were completely sealed off during the works. works. Tunnel on the site. © Patrick Tournebœuf/Tendance Floue/Oppic © Patrick Tournebœuf/Tendance Floue/Oppic The OPPIC (Opérateur du patrimoine et des projets redistributing its services to make them more efficient; immobiliers de la Culture) has been working - reorganising how individual visitors are received in alongside the Public Establishment of the Palace, the Dufour Pavilion and the Old Wing; Museum and National Estate of Versailles since the - refurbishing the Grand Commun (to accommodate launch of the development plan in 2003. Palace officials); - creating a heating system for the Grand Commun; This is the biggest renovation project the former royal - restructuring the Gabriel Pavilion to accommodate estate has seen since the reign of Louis-Philippe. groups and setting up the central safety and security The three main priorities are: restoring the historic office; monument and its décor, upgrading the security of the - renovating the water tower in line with the new entire site to better protect visitors and buildings, and heating system. improving visitor reception by offering more extensive and defined tour options, and simplifying means of The second phase of the development plan, launched in access. late 2010, is ongoing, with studies being conducted on renovating the heating networks, upgrading safety and The first phase of this development plan involved: security, installing air-conditioning in the northern - installing temporary safety and security measures at half of the central section of the Palace, restoring the the Palace; roofing on the Gabriel Pavilion and renovating the - upgrading the security of the Royal Opera and Water Pavilion. 17 Close-up of a chandelier in the Queen's Royal Table Antechamber © Palace of Versailles, Thomas Garnier rediscover chapter III the queen's state apartments The queen's Bedchamber Chapter III On leaving the Hall of Mirrors and the adjoining Peace a decor restored to its former glory Room, which served in the 18th century as the Queen’s main chamber, the first room visitors entered was the The astonishing Rococo décor created for Marie most important in the Queen’s State Apartments: the Leszczyńska has been brought back to life thanks to bedchamber. Here is where the sovereign spent most of highly detailed and conscientious work, particularly on her time; it is where she slept and where, every morning, the miraculously preserved 18th-century gilding, whose after dressing, she would receive her visitors. wonderfully subtle matt and burnished effects can be appreciated once more, now that it has been cleaned. This room, which was created for Maria-Theresa, wife This technical project revealed a number of surprises to of Louis XIV, who occupied it for just a short time (1682- the restorers: the golden grisaille trompe-l’oeil décor, for 1683), was occupied successively by the Dauphines Marie- example, which, as is often the case, lay hidden beneath a Christine-Victoire of Bavaria (1684-1690) and Marie- thick layer of paint. This has now been revealed in all its Adélaïde of Savoie, Duchess of Burgundy (1697-1712), then colours, shadow effects and the subtle grey-blue aspect, by Queens Marie Leszczyńska (1725-1768), wife of Louis which gives effect to the illusion of its gilded reliefs, XV, and Marie-Antoinette (1770-1789), wife of Louis XVI. scrolls, lattices, the Queen’s cypher and other motifs. Nineteen “children of France”, including the future Louis Then there is the moulding in the compartments of XV, were born in this bedchamber, in public, as was the the vault, which was believed to be a preserved section tradition.
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