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Final Report Providing Policy-Relevant Comparative Analysis on the Subject Matter

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Final Report Providing Policy-Relevant Comparative Analysis on the Subject Matter MORE4 study Support data collection and analysis concerning mobility patterns and career paths of researchers PPMI, IDEA Consult and WIFO February 2021 MORE4 study: Support data collection and analysis concerning mobility patterns and career paths of researchers European Commission Directorate-General for Research & Innovation Directorate A — Directorate A — ERA & Innovation Unit A.3 — R&I Actors and Research Careers Email: [email protected] [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels Manuscript completed in February 2021. This document has been prepared for the European Commission, however, it reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Commission is not liable for any consequence stemming from the reuse of this publication. More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). PDF ISBN 978-92-76-34099-7 doi: 10.2777/645537 KI-02-21-455-EN-N Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 © European Union, 2021 The reuse policy of European Commission documents is implemented based on Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the European Union, permission may need to be sought directly from the respective right holders. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Support data collection and analysis concerning mobility patterns and career paths of researchers PPMI, IDEA Consult and WIFO 2021 Directorate-General for Research and Innovation European Research Area TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 6 Policy-relevant findings and implications of MORE4 and the previous MORE studies .................. 6 Key figures and findings of the MORE4 study ..................................................................... 14 Part 1. Study, policy context and concepts ..................................................................... 35 1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 36 1.1. Objectives of the MORE4 study.............................................................................. 36 1.2. Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. 37 1.3. Guide to the structure of the report ....................................................................... 38 1.4. Guide to the interpretation of the results ................................................................ 39 1.4.1. Strengths and weaknesses of using surveys to analyse researchers´ mobility patterns 39 1.4.2. Characteristics and interpretation of the MORE4 data ........................................... 41 2. Policy context ......................................................................................................... 45 3. Conceptual framework ............................................................................................ 50 Part 2. Comparative and policy-relevant analysis ........................................................... 54 4. Human resources: researchers ............................................................................... 55 4.1. Key findings ........................................................................................................ 56 4.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings .................................................. 59 5. Human resources: PhD training .............................................................................. 63 5.1. Key findings ........................................................................................................ 64 5.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings .................................................. 69 6. Recruitment, career progression and career paths ................................................. 78 6.1. Key findings ........................................................................................................ 79 6.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings .................................................. 86 7. Working conditions ................................................................................................. 94 7.1. Key findings ........................................................................................................ 95 7.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 102 8. International mobility during PhD stage ............................................................... 107 8.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 108 8.1.1. Mobility profile (PhD)...................................................................................... 108 8.1.2. Motives and barriers (PhD) ............................................................................. 114 8.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 117 9. International mobility after PhD stage .................................................................. 126 9.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 127 9.1.1. Mobility profile ............................................................................................... 127 9.1.2. Motives and barriers ....................................................................................... 129 9.1.3. Effects of mobility .......................................................................................... 132 9.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 134 10. Other forms of international exchange ................................................................. 140 10.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 140 10.1.1. Short-term mobility ................................................................................ 141 10.1.2. Short travel for conferences, meetings and visits ........................................ 142 10.1.3. International collaboration ....................................................................... 143 10.1.4. International virtual mobility .................................................................... 144 10.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 144 11. Interdisciplinary mobility and collaboration ......................................................... 149 2 11.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 150 11.1.1. Interdisciplinary mobility ......................................................................... 150 11.1.2. Interdisciplinary collaboration .................................................................. 152 11.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 154 12. Intersectoral mobility ........................................................................................... 158 12.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 159 12.1.1. Intersectoral mobility .............................................................................. 159 12.1.2. Intersectoral collaboration ....................................................................... 163 12.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 164 13. Attractiveness of the European Research Area ..................................................... 172 13.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 173 13.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 178 14. Gender .................................................................................................................. 184 14.1. Key findings ...................................................................................................... 184 14.1.1. Links with gender-equality goals and limitations ......................................... 185 14.1.2. PhD studies ........................................................................................... 186 14.1.3. Female labour market participation in research .......................................... 187 14.1.4. Gender-balanced representation in all levels of staff ................................... 191 14.1.5. Gender-related discrimination against researchers and the provision of equal opportunities 192 14.1.6. Parenthood, work-life balance and research careers .................................... 198 14.1.7. Financial situation and gender income gap ................................................. 203 14.2. EU policy aims and implications of MORE4 findings ................................................ 207 Part 3.
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