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Early Gems in the Rock Garden

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Early Gems in the Rock Garden A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 11 April 2008 Early Gems in the Rock Garden Spring seems to arrive suddenly in Wisconsin. Within a few weeks – or sometimes even days – of the last snowstorm, the earliest spring fl owers are blooming. Crocus, winter aconite, species tulips and very early daffodils bloom fi rst, but the next show comes from the small plants amid the boulders in the rock garden. In my yard, the rock garden is one of the fi rst areas perennials start blooming – probably because of the western exposure and the rocks and gravel mulch heat up more quickly than the soil in other areas. The following are some special early-blooming perennials (in April to very early May) in my rock garden, but most are The rock garden is one of the fi rst places in the suitable for planting in other types of gardens, too. These garden where fl owers bloom in spring. are presented in order of their appearance in my garden. Pulsatilla halleri taurica is a cute little perennial closely related to pasque fl ower (Pulsatilla vulgaris). This species starts to emerge and bloom slightly before pasque fl ower in my garden (about the same time as crocus or the earliest daffodils). The extremely fuzzy buds produce light purple fl owers on ex- tremely short stems. The fi nely dissected foliage unfurls fully after bloom. The interesting seed heads can reach 10-12”, while the fl owers and foliage remain only about 6” high. This species is hardy to zone 4, and needs well-drained soil. Pulsatilla halleri taurica in bud and in bloom in a rock garden. Draba dedeana is one of about 350 species in this genus in the mustard family (Brassicaceae) primarily native to the northern hemisphere in arctic, sub-arctic, alpine and sub-alpine regions. This small plant from the Pyrenees in Spain forms a dense cushion composed of dark green rosettes of narrow, bristle- Draba dedeana fl owers in mid-April, with the plant covered with tiny white blooms. tipped, grey-green leaves. The clumps grow moderately quickly, but the plant has a long lifespan. Tiny white fl owers on short stems absolutely cover the dome of green foliage, making it look almost like a baseball or softball. The dead fl ower stalks can be pulled off when dry to improve the appearance of the plant for the rest of the year. This species is one of the best of the white-fl owered Drabas (most have yellow fl owers). This and most other species of Draba require very well drained soil in full sun, and most do best in lean soil and little fertilizer. It is hardy to zone 4 and is supposedly easily raised from seed. Primula veris is one of over 400 species in this widely-distributed genus. This species, with several common names including cowslip, English cowslip, and cowslip primrose, is native to temperate Eu- rope and Asia. It is a low growing herbaceous perennial that forms a rosette of dark green, crinkly oval leaves that are covered in velvety hairs. Clusters of deep yellow, nodding, funnel-shaped fl owers are borne on long stems up to 12” tall, with several fl ower stalks per plant. The fl owers are rather fragrant. Rarely red fl owers are produced, and there is a variety ‘Sunset Shades’ that consis- tently has red or orange-red fl owers. The Royal Horticultural Society has given it its prestigious Award of Garden Merit (AGM). P. veris does well in sun or partial shade in any fertile, moist, well- drained soil. It naturally grows in well-drained grassy places, fi elds and woods, so does not have to be restricted to rock gardens. Grow from seed or divide plants in the fall. It is best The yellow-fl owering Primula veris. grown in groups. It is hardy to zone 4. Aubretia deltoidea, purple rock cress or sometimes called false rock cress, is another member of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) from stony slopes around the Mediterranean. This plant is deer resis- tant and drought resistant, and is hardy through zone 4. It prefers cool, moist growing conditions, and thrives in rocky or gravelly soil. The gray-green foliage forms a low mat up to 6” high and spreading 18-24” wide. It is not really evergreen, so can look rather pathetic early in the spring. The tiny, diamond- shaped leaves are hairy. The 4-petaled, ¾” wide, star-shaped fl owers appear in masses on upright stems. Flowers can be lilac, violet, purple and sometimes red. I have the variety ‘Purple Heart’ which has double, deep purple fl owers. The plants look especially nice cascading over a wall or down a slope, or could be used for an edging plant. Shear the plants after blooming to keep compact and divide every three years or so. Aubretia deltoidea is good for cascading down a slope. The cultivar ‘Purple Heart’ has double purple fl owers. Potentilla neumanniana ‘Nana’ (also offered as P. tabernaemontanii and P. verna nana), or creeping cinquefoil, is a low-growing evergreen plant in the rose family (Rosaceae) native to the eastern U.S. with bright yellow buttercup fl owers. The deep green leaves look very similar to strawberry leaves, only smaller. It grows only 2-3 inches high, but can spread up to 2 feet (it’s still only about a foot in diameter after several years in my garden). Unlike the related creeping cinquefoil it does not have runners and stays in a clump. It’s great in rock gardens, as a ground cover or between paving stones. It does best in full sun and is hardy in zones 4-8. Potentilla neumanniana ‘Nana’ is a very low evergreen perennial with buttercup yellow fl owers in early spring. – Susan Mahr, University of Wisconsin - Madison Additional Information: Potentilla neumanniana ‘Nana’– on the Missouri Botanic Garden’s Kemper Center for Home Gar- dening website at www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfi nder/Plant.asp?Code=T290.
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