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BEAR CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Chapter I Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Temperature HUC # 1710030801

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BEAR CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Chapter I Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Temperature HUC # 1710030801 BEAR CREEK WATERSHED TMDL Chapter I Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Temperature HUC # 1710030801 Bear Creek River Mile 0.75 Bear Creek River Mile 10 Kirtland Road Bridge Under Interstate 5 Viaduct Bear Creek River Mile 9.5 Former Jackson St Dam Site Outlet of Emigrant Lake Dam July 2007 Prepared by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Bear Creek Watershed TMDL July 2007 For more information contact: Bill Meyers Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 221 Stewart Ave, Suite 201 Medford, OR 97501 [email protected] Eugene Foster, Manager of Watershed Management Section Department of Environmental Quality 811 Southwest 6th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97204 [email protected] John Blanchard, Western Region Watersheds Manager Department of Environmental Quality 221 Stewart Ave., Suite 201 Medford, Oregon 97501 [email protected] Bear Creek Watershed TMDL - ODEQ i Bear Creek Watershed TMDL July 2007 Statement of Purpose This Total Daily Maximum Load (TMDL) document has been prepared to meet the requirements of Section 303(d) of the 1972 Federal Clean Water Act. Bear Creek Watershed TMDL - ODEQ ii Bear Creek Watershed TMDL July 2007 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................1 WATER QUALITY SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................................1 Listed Parameters ................................................................................................................................................1 TMDL SUMMARIES...................................................................................................................................................2 TMDL Load Capacity and Allocations:...............................................................................................................2 Temperature TMDL .............................................................................................................................................2 Sedimentation.......................................................................................................................................................4 Bacteria................................................................................................................................................................4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN.....................................................................................................................4 SECTION 1. TMDL BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................6 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................6 DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION ......................................................................................................................................6 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION ............................................................................................................................7 WATER QUALITY IMPAIRMENTS..............................................................................................................................17 BENEFICIAL USES ....................................................................................................................................................20 APPLICABLE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS............................................................................................................20 SECTION 2. TEMPERATURE TMDL .................................................................................................................22 INTRODUCTION:.......................................................................................................................................................24 BENEFICIAL USES SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE. ....................................................................................................24 DEVIATION FROM WATER QUALITY STANDARDS; 303(D) LISTINGS........................................................................25 POLLUTANT IDENTIFICATION OAR 340-042-0040(4)(B).........................................................................................25 SALMONID STREAM TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................27 TEMPERATURE TARGET IDENTIFICATION: CWA 303(D) (1) ....................................................................................27 EXISTING POLLUTION SOURCES ..............................................................................................................................29 TMDL - LOADING CAPACITIES 40 CFR 130.2(F)...................................................................................................43 WATER QUALITY STANDARD ATTAINMENT ANALYSIS – CWA §303(D)(1)............................................................44 TMDL - LOAD ALLOCATIONS AND WASTE LOAD ALLOCATIONS 40 CFR 130.2(G) AND 40 CFR 130.2(H) ..........46 PERMITTED POINT SOURCES OAR 340-042-0040(4)(G), 40 CFR 130.2(G) ............................................................46 NONPOINT SOURCES: LOAD ALLOCATIONS OAR 340-042-0040(4)(H), 40 CFR 130.2(H)......................................50 BEAR CREEK RESERVE CAPACITY OAR 340-042-0040(4)(K)................................................................................54 MAINSTEM BEAR SEASONAL VARIATION AND CRITICAL CONDITIONS....................................................................54 MAINSTEM BEAR MARGIN OF SAFETY OAR 340-042-0040(4)(I), CWA §303(D)(1) .............................................55 Explicit Margins of Safety..................................................................................................................................55 Implicit Margins of Safety..................................................................................................................................55 REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................56 Tables Table 1. Stored Water for Use in the Bear Creek Watershed. .....................................................................................11 Table 2. 2004/2006 303(d) Listings Addressed in the Bear Creek Watershed TMDL...............................................17 Table 3. Beneficial Uses in the Bear Creek Watershed (OAR 340-041-0271, Table 271A)......................................20 Table 4. Water Quality Standards for Bacteria in the Rogue Basin............................................................................21 Table 5. Temperature TMDL Component Summary..................................................................................................23 Table 6. Temperature Sensitive Beneficial Uses (OAR 340-041-0271, Table 271A)................................................24 Table 7. 2004/2006 303(d) Listings Addressed in the Bear Creek Watershed TMDL...............................................25 Table 8. Modes of Thermally Induced Cold Water Fish Mortality ............................................................................27 Table 9. Biologically Based Numeric Temperature Criteria Applicable to Salmonid Uses.......................................28 Table 10. Biologically-based Numeric Criteria for the Bear Creek Watershed...........................................................29 Table 11. NPDES Permits in the Bear Creek Watershed with a potential to impact temperature..............................30 Table 12. Average Current Percent Effective Shade Targets ......................................................................................35 Bear Creek Watershed TMDL - ODEQ iii Bear Creek Watershed TMDL July 2007 Table 13. ODFW Instream Water Rights on Bear Creek ............................................................................................42 Table 14. Instream water rights in the Bear Creek watershed Managed by Oregon Water Trust:..............................42 Table 15. Allocations and Distribution of HUA.........................................................................................................46 Table 16. Ashland Creek Temperatures above WWTF (7 day maximum)1 ...............................................................48 Table 18. TMDL Shade Targets for Bear Creek and Selected Tributaries..................................................................51 Table 19. Thermal Load Allocations for Urban DMAs : Bear Creek Only ................................................................51 Table 20. Approaches for Incorporating a Margin of Safety into a TMDL................................................................55 Figures Figure 1. Generalized Discharge in Bear Creek .........................................................................................................11 Figure 2. Bear Creek Water Storage, Canals, and Irrigation Districts........................................................................13 Figure 3. Anadromous Salmonid Lifecycle in the Bear Creek Watershed .................................................................16 Figure 4. Secondary Effluent Temperatures for Ashland WWTF ..............................................................................32 Figure 5:
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