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Peningkatan Imej Pekan Beruas Menerusi Pembaikan Elemen Fizikal Bandar

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Peningkatan Imej Pekan Beruas Menerusi Pembaikan Elemen Fizikal Bandar PLACE ATTACHMENT TO WATERFRONT REVITALISATION DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF LUMUT AND KUCHING, MALAYSIA MOHD ISMAIL BIN ISA FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2017 PLACE ATTACHMENT TO WATERFRONT REVITALISATION DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF LUMUT AND KUCHING, MALAYSIA MOHD ISMAIL BIN ISA THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2017 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate : MOHD ISMAIL BIN ISA I.C/ Passport No : Registration/Matric No. : BHA 090015 Name of Degree : Ph.D Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): PLACE ATTACHMENT TO WATERFRONT REVITALISATION DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF LUMUT AND KUCHING, MALAYSIA. Field of Study: I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM. Candidate’s Signature Date Subscribed and solemnly declared before, Witness’s Signature Date Name: Designation: ii ABSTRACT Urban development in Malaysia is inseparable from its existence, which began on the river banks. The design of river banks often changes with time and the level of urbanization. As a result, the physical environment of the river bank will indirectly affect the identity of the place. In fact, the revitalization that has been done able to establish the identity of the area. Relationship functional and emotional elements between human and place create meaning, this process is known as place attachment. Physical changes that occur results in a change of meaning and place attachment may decrease gradually. In the context of urban design, some discussions led to the physical element of interest and activity to develop place identity and atmosphere, but a study of open space areas have received less attention. The aim of this study is to verify the ability of place attachment and the factors that influence user’s perception in the context of open space on the waterfronts in Malaysia. Furthermore, to find out the cause (causal) between the places attachments, meaning the place and the characteristics that influence the level of public engagement. The objectives identified in this study are; (i) to determine the form of emotional and functional attachment of open space or place in the development of the waterfront; (ii) to identify the reasons that affect the place attachment especially on the meaning and importance of the place; (iii) to identify the level of place attachment with the user’s roles in the open spaces and; (iv) to identify the characteristics of open space along the waterfront, which influences by user’s engagement. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative approach are used in this research and covers two main areas of urban design and environmental psychology. Surveys and in-depth interviews conducted with users of selected two study areas, namely Kuching Waterfront (KW) in Sarawak and Lumut Waterfront (LW) in Perak. Observation’s also been used to obtain the physical and visual characteristics. The results showed that the place attachment is influencing users perception of public space at the river bank. iii Besides its physical quality, the place is also known for attachment and its significance to the user. Results from the study show several factors that influence the form and the level of engagement of the attachment, user familiarity with the place, place dependency, user background, and role. Therefore, this study contributes to human relationship with the place and give importance implications to urban planners, urban designers, and architects to create a better and well-organized place. iv ABSTRAK Pembangunan bandar di Malaysia tidak terlepas daripada sejarah kewujudan yang bermula di tebing-tebing sungai. Reka bentuk tebing sungai sering kali berubah mengikut zaman dan tahap urbanisasi. Akibatnya, persekitaran fizikal tebing sungai secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi identiti tempat. Malah, revitalisasi yang dilakukan kadangkala mampu membentuk satu kawasan yang beridentiti. Unsur-unsur hubungan fungsi dan emosi antara manusia dengan tempat akan mewujudkan makna tempat, proses ini dikenali sebagai keterikatan tempat. Perubahan fizikal yang berlaku akan mengakibatkan makna tempat berlaku perubahan dan keterikatan tempat akan berkurangan secara perlahan. Dalam konteks reka bentuk bandar, terdapat beberapa pendapat yang menjurus kepada kepentingan unsur fizikal dan aktiviti dalam membina identiti dan suasana, namun kajian terhadap ruang terbuka awam kurang mendapat perhatian. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengesahkan keupayaan keterikatan tempat dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi pengguna dalam konteks ruang terbuka tebing sungai di Malaysia. Kemudian, untuk mengetahui punca (sebab dan akibat) antara keterikatan tempat, makna tempat dan karakter yang mempengaruhi tahap penglibatan awam. Objektif yang dikenal pasti untuk kajian ini adalah; (i) untuk menentukan bentuk hubungan emosi dan fungsi ruang terbuka atau tempat dalam pembangunan tebing sungai; (ii) untuk mengenal pasti sebab-sebab yang memberi kesan kepada keterikatan tempat terutamanya pada makna dan kepentingan tempat itu; (iii) untuk mengenal pasti tahap keterikatan tempat dengan peranan pengguna dalam ruang yang terbuka dan; (iv) untuk mengenal pasti ciri-ciri kawasan lapang di sepanjang tebing sungai, yang mempengaruhi penglibatan pengguna. Pendekatan campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif akan digunakan dalam penyelidikan ini dan merangkumi dua bidang utama iaitu reka bentuk bandar dan psikologi persekitaran. Kaji selidik dan temu bual secara langsung telah dijalankan terhadap pengguna dari dua kawasan kajian v terpilih iaitu Kuching Waterfront (KW) di Sarawak dan Lumut Waterfront (LW) di Perak. Pengamatan kawasan juga dijalankan bagi memperolehi ciri fizikal dan visual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa keterikatan tempat mempengaruhi persepsi pengguna terhadap ruang awam tebing sungai. Bukan sahaja melihat daripada kualiti fizikal, malah tempat itu juga dikenali melalui keterikatan dan maknanya kepada pengguna. Hasil daripada kajian menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi bentuk dan tahap keterikatan iaitu tempoh penglibatan, keakraban pengguna terhadap tempat, pergantungan kepada tempat, peranan dan latar belakang pengguna. Kajian ini memberi sumbangan kepada hubungan manusia dengan tempat dan memberi gambaran penting kepada perancang bandar, pereka bentuk bandar dan arkitek dalam menghasilkan tempat yang lebih baik dan terancang. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I would like praise and gratitude for ALLAH Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala because, with His blessing and grace, I can finish my Ph.D. thesis which is still far from perfect. I would like to express my sincere acknowledgment and appreciation to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Yahaya Ahmad, Dr. Ibrahim Mohd @ Ahmad and Professor Emeritus Ezrin Arbi, my internal examiner Dr. Rosilawati Zainol, my external examiner Professor Jon Kellett and Professor Marion Roberts, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, insightful comments, guidance, and knowledge in this Ph.D. study. Without their encouragement, I would not be able to complete this thesis. I am grateful to my parents Isa Ahmad and Rahmah Abdul Aziz, and my late grandparents for their unconditional support throughout all my studies at University. The special thank goes to my wife, Noor Azimah Khamis for her love and tolerance especially to accompany me to travel to Kuala Lumpur. Thanks to my siblings, Muhammad Hamdan and Nurul Akila who always give encouragement. I would like to thank Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and Ministry of Education Malaysia which gave financial support. Thank you to Universiti Malaya (UM) which had provided many valuable comments and experiences. Lastly, it is a pleasure to thank those who made this thesis possible and to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the thesis. May ALLAH SWT bless us. Amin. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGE Title Page i Original Literary Work Declaration Form ii Abstract iii Abstrak v Acknowledgements vii Table of Contents viii List of Figures xii List of Table xiii List of Abbreviations xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Gap 5 1.3 Problem Statements 13 1.4 Research Aim and Objectives 16 1.5 The Criteria for Selection of the Study Area 17 1.6 Study Approach 17 1.7 Research Method 18 1.8 Study Contribution 18 1.9 Limitations of Study 19 1.10 Research Design
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