인도 쿠샨시대의 스투파 형식 77 ISSN 1598-1142(Print)
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Buddhist Histories
JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 25 Number 1-2 2002 Buddhist Histories Richard SALOMON and Gregory SCHOPEN On an Alleged Reference to Amitabha in a KharoÒ†hi Inscription on a Gandharian Relief .................................................................... 3 Jinhua CHEN Sarira and Scepter. Empress Wu’s Political Use of Buddhist Relics 33 Justin T. MCDANIEL Transformative History. Nihon Ryoiki and Jinakalamalipakara∞am 151 Joseph WALSER Nagarjuna and the Ratnavali. New Ways to Date an Old Philosopher................................................................................ 209 Cristina A. SCHERRER-SCHAUB Enacting Words. A Diplomatic Analysis of the Imperial Decrees (bkas bcad) and their Application in the sGra sbyor bam po gnis pa Tradition....................................................................................... 263 Notes on the Contributors................................................................. 341 ON AN ALLEGED REFERENCE TO AMITABHA IN A KHARO∑™HI INSCRIPTION ON A GANDHARAN RELIEF RICHARD SALOMON AND GREGORY SCHOPEN 1. Background: Previous study and publication of the inscription This article concerns an inscription in KharoÒ†hi script and Gandhari language on the pedestal of a Gandharan relief sculpture which has been interpreted as referring to Amitabha and Avalokitesvara, and thus as hav- ing an important bearing on the issue of the origins of the Mahayana. The sculpture in question (fig. 1) has had a rather complicated history. According to Brough (1982: 65), it was first seen in Taxila in August 1961 by Professor Charles Kieffer, from whom Brough obtained the photograph on which his edition of the inscription was based. Brough reported that “[o]n his [Kieffer’s] return to Taxila a month later, the sculpture had dis- appeared, and no information about its whereabouts was forthcoming.” Later on, however, it resurfaced as part of the collection of Dr. -
Phase Iii Architecture and Sculpture from Taxila 6.1
CHAPTER SIX PHASE III ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE FROM TAXILA 6.1 Introduction to the Phase III Developments in the Sacred Areas and Afonasteries ef Taxila and the Peshawar Basin A dramatic increase in patronage occurred across the Peshawar basin, Taxila, and Swat during phase III; most of the extant remains in these regions were constructed at this time. As devotional icons of Buddhas and bodhisattvas became increasingly popular, parallel trans formations occurred in the sacred areas, which still remained focused around relic stupas. In the Peshawar basin, Taxila, and to a lesser degree Swat, the widespread incorporation of large iconic images clearly reflects changes occurring in Buddhist practice. Although it is difficult to know how the sacred precincts were ritually used, modifications in the spatial organization of both sacred areas and monasteries provide some insight. Not surprisingly, the use and incorporation of devotional images developed regionally. The most dramatic shift toward icons is observed in the Peshawar basin and some of the Taxila sites. In contrast, Swat seemed to follow a different pattern, as fewer image shrines were fabricated and sacred areas were organized along different lines. This might reflect a lack of patronage; perhaps new sites following the Peshawar basin format were not commissioned because of a lack of resources. More likely, the Buddhist tradition in Swat was of a different character; some sites-notably Butkara I-show significant expansion following a uniquely Swati format. At a few sites in Swat, however, image shrines appear in positions analogous to those of the Peshawar basin; Nimogram and Saidu (figs. 109, 104) arc notable examples. -
The Image of the Winged Celestial and Its Travels Along the Silk Road
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 225 June, 2012 The Image of the Winged Celestial and Its Travels along the Silk Road by Patricia Eichenbaum Karetzky Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
The Parinirvana Cycle and the Theory of Multivalence: a Study Of
THE PARINIRVĀṆA CYCLE AND THE THEORY OF MULTIVALENCE: A STUDY OF GANDHĀRAN BUDDHIST NARRATIVE RELIEFS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN ART HISTORY MAY 2017 By Emily Hebert Thesis Committee: Paul Lavy, Chairperson Kate Lingley Jesse Knutson TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. BUDDHISM IN GREATER GANDHĀRA ........................................................... 9 Geography of Buddhism in Greater Gandhāra ....................................................................... 10 Buddhist Textual Traditions in Greater Gandhāra .................................................................. 12 Historical Periods of Buddhism in Greater Gandhāra ........................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2. GANDHĀRAN STŪPAS AND NARRATIVE ART ............................................. 28 Gandhāran Stūpas and Narrative Art: Architectural Context ................................................. 35 CHAPTER 3. THE PARINIRVĀṆA CYLCE OF NARRATIVE RELIEFS ................................ 39 CHAPTER 4 .THE THEORY OF MULTIVALENCE AND THE PARINIRVĀṆA CYCLE ...... 44 CHAPTER 5. NARRATIVE RELIEF PANELS FROM THE PARINIRVĀṆA CYCLE ............ 58 Episode -
Total Syllabus, AIH & Archaeoalogy, Lucknow University
Department of Ancient Indian History and Archaeology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow B.A. Part - I Paper I : Political History of Ancient India (from c 600 BC to c 320 AD) Unit I 1. Sources of Ancient Indian history. 2. Political condition of northern India in sixth century BC- Sixteen mahajanapadas and ten republican states. 3. Achaemenian invasion of India. 4. Rise of Magadha-The Bimbisarids and the Saisunaga dynasty. 5. Alexander’s invasion of India and its impact. Unit II 1. The Nanda dynasty 2. The Maurya dynasty-origin, Chandragupta, Bindusara 3. The Maurya dynasty-Asoka: Sources of study, conquest and extent of empire, policy of dhamma. 4. The Maurya dynasty- Successors of Asoka, Mauryan Administration. The causes of the downfall of the dynasty. Unit III 1. The Sunga dynasty. 2. The Kanva dynasty. 3. King Kharavela of Kalinga. 4. The Satavahana dynasty. 1 Unit IV 1. The Indo Greeks. 2. The Saka-Palhavas. 3. The Kushanas. 4. Northern India after the Kushanas. PAPER– II: Social, Economic & Religious Life in Ancient India UNIT- I 1. General survey of the origin and development of Varna and Jati 2. Scheme of the Ashramas 3. Purusharthas UNIT- II 1. Marriage 2. Position of women 3. Salient features of Gurukul system- University of Nalanda UNIT- III 1. Agriculture with special reference to the Vedic Age 2. Ownership of Land 3. Guild Organisation 4. Trade and Commerce with special reference to the 6th century B.C., Saka – Satavahana period and Gupta period UNIT- IV 1. Indus religion 2. Vedic religion 3. Life and teachings of Mahavira 4. -
Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1934-35
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OF INDIA - 1934 35 . EDITED BY J. F. BLAKISTON, Di;aii>r General of Atchxobgt/ tn Iniia, DELHI: MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS 193T Prici! Rs. Jl-A <n ISt. Gd List of Agents in India from whom Government of India Publications are available. (a) Provinoial Government Book Depots. Madras : —Superintendent, Government Press, Mount Hoad, Madras. Bosibay : —Superintendent, Govommont Printing and Stationorj^ Queen’s Road, Bombay. Sind ; —Manager, Sind Government Book Depot and Record Office, Karachi (Sader). United Provinces : —Superintendent, Government Press, Allahabad. Punjab : —Superintendent, Government Printing, Punjab, Lahore. Central Provinces : —Superintendont, Govommont Printing, Central Provinces, Nagpur. Assam ; —Superintendent, Assam Secretariat Press, Shillong. Bihar : —Superintendent, Government Printing, P. O. Gulzarbagh, Patna. North-West Frontier Province:—Manager, Government Printing and Stationery, Peshawar. Orissa ; —Press Officer, Secretariat, Cuttack. (4) Private Book-seli.ers.' Advani Brothers, P. 0. Box 100, Cawnpore. Malhotra & Co., Post Box No. 94, Lahore, Messrs, XJ, P, Aero Stores, Karachi.* Malik A Sons, Sialkot City. Banthi3’a & Co., Ltd., Station Road, Ajmer. Minerva Book Shop, Anarkali Street, Lahore. Bengal Flying Club, Dum Dum Cantt,* Modem Book Depot, Bazar Road, Sialkot Cantonment Bhawnani & Sons, New Delhi. and Napier Road, JuUtmdor Cantonment. Book Company, Calcutta. Mohanlal Dessabhai Shah, Rajkot. Booklover’s Resort, Taikad, Trivandrum, South India* Nandkishoro k Bros,, Chowk, Bonaros City. “ Burma Book Club, Ltd., Rangoon. Now Book Co. Kitab Mahal ”, 192, Homby Road Bombay. ’ Butterworth &: Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta. Nowman & Co., Ltd., Calcutta, Messrs. Careers, Mohini Road, Lahore. W. Oxford Book and Stationorj' Company, Delhi, Lahore, Chattorjeo Co., Bacharam Chatterjee Lane, 3, Simla, Meomt and Calcutta. Calcutta. -
The Geography of Gandhāran Art
The Geography of Gandhāran Art Proceedings of the Second International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 22nd-23rd March, 2018 Edited by Wannaporn Rienjang Peter Stewart Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-186-3 ISBN 978-1-78969-187-0 (e-Pdf) DOI: 10.32028/9781789691863 © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Acknowledgements ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Editors’ note �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Contributors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ix Wannaporn Rienjang and Peter Stewart Part 1 Artistic Geographies Gandhāran art(s): methodologies and preliminary results of a stylistic analysis ������������������������� 3 Jessie Pons -
Pakistan Archaeology
Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD i Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 ii Pakistan Archaeology Number 32-2017 Chief Editor Abdul Azeem Editor Mahmood-ul-Hasan DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN ISLAMABAD iii BOARD OF EDITORS Dr. Abdul Azeem Dr. Aurore DIDIER Director, Director, Department of Archaeology and French Archaeological Mission in Museums, Government of Pakistan, the Indus Basin Islamabad CNRS-UMR 7041/ArScAn 21, allee de l’Universite 92023 Nanterre Cedex-France Mahmood-ul-Hasan Dr. Chongfeng Li Assistant Director, Professor of Buddhist Art and Department of Archaeology and Archaeology, Museums, Government of Pakistan, Peking University, Islamabad School of Archaeology and Museology, Beijing, China Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Dr. Luca M. Olivieri Khan Director, Former Director, Taxila Institute of Italian Archaeological Mission in Asian Civilizations, Quaid-i-Azam Pakistan University, Plazzo Baleani, Islamabad, Pakistan Corso Vittorio Emanuele, Rome, Italy Mr. Saleem-ul-Haq Dr. Pia Brancaccio Former Director, Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology and Department of Art and Art History, Museums, Government of Punjab, Drexel University, Lahore, Pakistan Westphal College of Media Arts and Design, Philadelphia, USA iv © Department of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan 2017 ISSN 0078-7868 Price in Pakistan: Rs. 1000.00 Foreign Price U. S. $ 40 Published by The Department of Archaeology and Museums Government of Pakistan, Islamabad Printed by Graphics Point Pak Media Foundation Building, G-8 Mrkaz, Islamabad, Pakistan v CONTENTS Illustrations……………………………………………….. vii Editorial…………………………………………………... xii Explorations Discovery of Rock art in Azad Jammu and Kashmir 15 M. Ashraf Khan and Sundus Aslam Khan and Saqib Raza…….. -
Cultural Profile of Gandhāra: an Appraisal
CULTURAL PROFILE OF GANDHĀRA: AN APPRAISAL by Tauqeer Ahmad INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 2011 CULTURAL PROFILE OF GANDHĀRA: AN APPRAISAL Dissertation submitted to the Institute of Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Peshawar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved by: 1. Professor Dr. M. Farooq Swati Institute of Archaeology & Social Anthropology, University of Peshawar Supervisor 2. Internal Examiner 3. External Examiner INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR 2011 i Contents List Abbreviations Map List of Illustrations Acknowledgement Chapter 1: Introduction Discovery and Interpretation of the name Discovery of Gandhāra Art Development of Archaeological activities Phase 1 Phase 11 Phase 111 Chapter 2: Historical Background Physical Setup Gandhāra: Meaning History: Achaemenians Alexander’s invasion Mauriyan rule Occupation of Bactrian Greeks Indo-Scytho-Parthians Kushāns Huns or Ephthalites Chapter 3: Gandhāra Art Independent Cult Images Non-Buddhist Deities Relief Penals Chapter 4: Architecture i. Secular Buildings Cities ii Forts and Citadel Palaces ii. Religious Buildings Stupa Vihāra and Shrines Chaitya Fire Atar Chapter 5: Weapons, Tool, Implements and Garments i. Weapons Club Spear Triśula Sword Dagger Archery Battle-axe Armour ii. Tools and Implements Garments Buddha Bodhisattva Royality Priests, Ascetics and Monks Deities Miscellanious Chapter 6: Jewellery and Headdresses i. Jewellery Head Ornaments Necklaces Earrings and Ear Pendants Armlets Bracelets iii Anklets ii. Headdresses Śakyāmuni Brahmā Bodhisattva Turban Styles 1-V11 Jaṭāmukuṭ Fashions Chapter 7: Miscellenious i. Household Vessel ii. Musical Instruments Drum Cymbal Gong Bell Harp Lyre iii. Wind Instruments iv. -
Case Study of the Gandhara Collection of Indian Museum, Kolkata
Exploring an integrated approach to re-assess and authenticate museum documentation: Case study of the Gandhara Collection of Indian Museum, Kolkata. Lubna Sen, M.A (2013-15), History of Art Department, National Museum Institute, New Delhi ABSTRACT The paper emphasizes the need to create a documentation platform, which enables convergence of information between museum collections and archival materials with the help of art historical insights. The study is on the catalogue documentation of selected schist sculptures in the Indian Museum, which belong to Gandhara region (present day Pakistan), and were excavated by British colonized India. The findings are presently shared amongst the museums of Pakistan, India and United Kingdom. The paper co-refers to the materials available from the online gallery of The British Library, reports of Archaeological Survey of India, research findings of scholars and other museum collections. The information available through these diverse sources sometimes validates the catalogue data and sometimes questions it. The paper explores the merit of a comprehensive digitization for the likes of the Gandhara collection. It also focuses on the need to create a platform within a museum, which encourages scholarly participation between diverse disciplines, and thus improves the quality of its documentation. Introduction In this case study, a section of the catalogue documentation of the Gandhara collection of Indian Museum is re-assessed with the help of other archival materials.1 The collection, dated 2nd century C.E, consists of schist sculptures recovered from ruins of the Buddhist stupas in Gandhara, a historical region in North West Pakistan. Indian Museum was the earliest museum in the Subcontinent, which was founded in 1814 as the Oriental Museum of the Asiatic Society. -
Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’Daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim Ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu
Current Status of Management and Protection of Taxila World Heritage Site, Pakistan Pakistan’daki Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanında Yönetim ve Korumanın Mevcut Durumu Mehmet SOMUNCU¹∗, Ashfaq Ahmad KHAN¹ ¹Department of Geography, Ankara University, Ankara Abstract: Taxila is one of the six World Heritage Sites of Pakistan. Taxila World Heritage Site is facing several problems resulting from various management issues and the current land use problems like almost all developing countries. It is necessary at first to identify current status and related issues for effective management and conservation of Taxila World Heritage Site. New management strategies and policies have to be determined based on these updated data. Research was conducted in March 2010 at Taxila World Heritage Site and observations were made to query about current situation and related problems. Results of research findings are considered bases for development of effective management policies and strategies for the conservation and protection of Taxila World Heritage Site. Key words: Taxila, World heritage, Protection of world heritage, Management of world heritage, UNESCO, Pakistan. Özet: Taxila Pakistan’daki altı Dünya Mirası Alanından birisidir. Hemen bütün gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olduğu gibi Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanı da çeşitli yönetim ve güncel arazi kullanımlarından kaynaklanan sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetiminin sağlanması için öncelikle mevcut durum ve sorunlarının saptanması, elde edilen bu güncel verilere dayalı olarak yeni bir yönetim stratejisi ve politikasının belirlenmesi zorunludur. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 2010 yılı Mart ayında yerinde yapılan araştırma ve gözlemlerle Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının güncel durumu sorgulanmış ve sorunları saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların, Taxila Dünya Mirası Alanının korunması ve etkin yönetimi için geliştirilecek politika ve stratejilere temel oluşturucağı düşünülmektedir. -
Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks Dynamics in the History of Religion
Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks Dynamics in the History of Religion Editor-in-Chief Volkhard Krech Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany Advisory Board Jan Assmann – Christopher Beckwith – Rémi Brague José Casanova – Angelos Chaniotis – Peter Schäfer Peter Skilling – Guy Stroumsa – Boudewijn Walraven VOLUME 2 Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia By Jason Neelis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Cover illustration: Detail of the Śibi Jātaka in a petroglyph from Shatial, northern Pakistan (from Ditte Bandini-König and Gérard Fussman, Die Felsbildstation Shatial. Materialien zur Archäologie der Nordgebiete Pakistans 2. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997, plate Vb). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neelis, Jason Emmanuel. Early Buddhist transmission and trade networks : mobility and exchange within and beyond the northwestern borderlands of South Asia / By Jason Neelis. p. cm. — (Dynamics in the history of religion ; v. 2) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18159-5 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Buddhist geography—Asia. 2. Trade routes—Asia—History. 3. Buddhists—Travel—Asia. I. Title. II. Series. BQ270.N44 2010 294.3’7209021—dc22 2010028032 ISSN 1878-8106 ISBN 978 90 04 18159 5 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.