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Based on Grice's Cooperative Principle

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Based on Grice's Cooperative Principle The Non-Observance Maxim of Conversation in the Arthur Miller’s the Last Yankee (Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle) A thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of theRequirements for the Strata One Degree (S1) Aryanthi 105026000887 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA 2010 ABSTRACT Aryanthi. The Non-Observance Maxim of Conversation in the Arthur Miller’s the Last Yankee (Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle). Thesis. English Letters Department. Letters and Humanities Faculty. Syarif Hidayahtullah State Islamic University, March 2010. The research aims to know the disobediences of maxim of conversation in the context of cooperative principle and how the participants who are the speaker and the listener use in their conversation. The writer uses qualitative as the method of the research in which she tries to describe the violations of maxims in cooperative principle. The unit analysis of her research is the drama text of the dialogue in the Last Yankee’s drama. It is analyzed descriptively based on related theory of cooperative principle by Grice. She uses herself as a main research instrument through reading, identifying and classifying the data which are needed from the text dialogue of the Last Yankee drama. The last Yankee is one of Arthur Miller’s dramas and it tells about two marriage couples deal with their frightened of their lives. The writer puts the data description before she analyzes the data. Further, she analyzes the disobedience of the maxim of conversation through the selected data describes the context of situation behind the dialogue, the process of the violation and interprets the implicature that appeared in the dialogue. At the latter point, she concludes her analyses into some points that mentioned about how the participants must obey the maxim of conversation in this study. The writer finds there are about twelve violations and one violation that clash with another maxim. With the result, from the group A there are; two violations of the maxim of quantity, four violations of the maxim of quality, three violations of the maxim of relevance and three violations of the maxim of manner. Then from the group B one violation that clashes with another maxim that is the speaker violates the maxim of quantity in clash with maxim of manner. i APPROVEMENT The Non-Observance Maxim of Conversation in the Arthur Miller’s The Last Yankee (Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle) A Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Strata One Aryanthi NIM. 105026000887 Approved by: Dr. Frans Sayogie, M.Pd. Supervisor ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERITY “SYARIF HIDAYAHTULLAH” JAKARTA 2010 ii LEGALIZATION The thesis entitled “The Non-Observance Maxim of Conversation in the Arthur Miller’s The Last Yankee (Based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle)” has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on February 22nd, 2010. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Strata 1 (S1) in English Letters Department. Jakarta, 8th April, 2010. Examination Committee 1. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd ___________________ ______ Chair Person 2. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd ___________________ ______ Secretary 3. Dr. Frans Sayogie, M.Pd ___________________ ______ Advisor 4. Drs. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed ___________________ ______ Examiner I 5. Sholikatus Sa’diyah, M.Pd ___________________ ______ Examiner II iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material which to substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree of diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Jakarta, 24th March, 2010 (Materai 6000) Aryanthi iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful. Praise and gratitude is only for Him, the Lord of the Universe, who has given His blessing and happiness by succeeding the writer in making her thesis. And also may all the blessing and salutation be upon the most honorable prophet and messenger Muhammad SAW, his families, his companions and his congregations. It is for sure that this work might be not completed without a great pray and love of her beloved mother Hj. Sopiah, grandmother Ijah (alm.), and her sister Nurul Aryani; may all the love and blessing be upon these inspiring women. Then to her father H. Niman and her uncle Sutisna who have supported her financially and morally also facilitated her with all the things she needed during in the study. It also goes to all the lecturers who have helped her to the result of this work, especially Dr. Frans Sayogie, M. Pd as her advisor and Hilmi Akmal, M.Hum for guiding and suggesting her to make a good thesis, from the very beginning until the end. Then, it also goes to Inayatul Chusna, M Hum who has given her a suggestion about finding the best drama for her object of research. The writer would also give so much thanks to the entire beloved persons by mentioning one by one, but it is impossible to thank everyone who has contributed his or her thought in this thesis. However, the writer wants to express her gratitude to the following honorable persons: 1. Dr. Abdul Chaer, MA. The Dean of the Letters and Humanities Faculty. Syarif Hidayahtullah State Islamic University Jakarta. v 2. Dr. Muhammad Farhan, M.Pd. the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Dr. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd. the Secretary of English Letters Department. 4. Her beloved friends Isti, Indra and Tini for all the support during the work of her research. 5. Her beloved classmates, that is the students of class A 2005 for being her classmates, who enrich her with so much experiences, love and support for the past four – year – wonderful friendship. Not forgetting the B and C class that are also colored her in experiencing the touchable friendship. Her companions at PMII KOMFAKA especialy Wahyu Robihun and other members. And also to her friends and little family; IofC (Initiatives of Change) especially Ka Huda and Ka Wazeen, thanks for acknowledging the writer about what is commitment about. 6. To all the staffs of some libraries such as Letters and Humanities Library, State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayahtullah Jakarta library, Atma Jaya library, Kajian Wilayah Amerika(KWA) library of the University of Indonesia, and Letter Faculty of Indonesian University library. May Allah SWT always bless and protect these entire wonderful kind persons. In short, the writer realizes that this thesis still has much lackness and might be far from being perfect. Therefore, the writer hopes any constructive and supporting criticism, suggestion and advice for a better improvement. Jakarta, 24th March, 2010 The writer vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... i APPROVEMENT ............................................................................................ ii LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iii DECLARATION ............................................................................................. iv ACKNWOLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................. vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ............................................................... 1 B. Focus of the Study ......................................................................... 7 C. Research Question.......................................................................... 7 D. Significance of the Study .............................................................. 8 E. Research Methodology .................................................................. 8 1. Objectives of the Study ............................................................ 8 2. Method of the Study................................................................. 8 3. Technique of Data Analysis..................................................... 9 4. The Instrument of the Research ............................................... 9 5. Unit of Analysis ....................................................................... 10 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................... 11 A. Pragmatics...................................................................................... 11 B. Implicature ..................................................................................... 13 C. Cooperative Principle..................................................................... 16 vii D. The Disobedience Maxim of Conversation ................................... 20 E. Context ........................................................................................... 22 F. Drama............................................................................................. 23 G. Dialogue ......................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS........................................................ 28 A.
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