Syllabus for Master of Science (MS) in Soil Science

Session: 2011-2012

First Semester: January-June/2011 Second Semester: July-December/2011 Third Semester (Thesis semester): January-June/2012

DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF RAJSHAHI RAJSHAHI-6205 Department of Crop Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Rajshahi

M. S. in Soil Science

Master of Science (M.S.) in Soil Science degree is a one and half years course consisting two course semesters and one thesis semester. Each semester comprised of 6 courses (4 compulsory and 2 optional) and each course will be of 100 marks. The thesis semester will consists of 400 marks. Thus a student will be evaluated for 1600 marks for awarding M. S. degree in Soil Science.

The final examination of 75 marks out of 100 of individual course shall be held within the last month of the semester. The remaining 25 marks shall be distributed as class test, assignment and attendance of 10, 10, and 05 marks, respectively which also shall be held during class hour.

The duration of theoretical examination of 75 marks shall be of 4 hours and of 25 marks as distributed separately by the concerned course teachers. The medium of studies shall be in English as an international language.

The thesis semester: An individual student shall have to conduct a research under the supervision of teacher nominated by the concerned department and to write a thesis paper. The thesis will be evaluated for 300 marks. Each student have to present a seminar on his thesis paper followed by a viva-voce for 50 marks each. Department of Crop Science & Technology University of Rajshahi Rajshahu-6205.

Curriculum for M. S. in Soil Science

January-June Semester

A. Compulsory Course

Course No. Course Title Credits-8 Marks SS-501 Soil Physics 2 100 SS-502 Soil Chemistry and Mineralogy 2 100 SS-503 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 2 100 SS-504 Soil Degradation and Conservation 2 100

B. Optional Courses (any two)

Course No. Course Title Credit: 4 Marks SS-509 Biofertilizer Technology 2 100 SS-510 Soils of Bangladesh 2 100 SS-511 Waste Management and Environmental 2 100 Science

July-December Semester

A. Compulsory Course

Course No. Course Title Credit: 8 Marks SS-505 Soil Microbiology 2 100 SS-506 Soil Survey and Classification 2 100 SS-507 Soil Ecology and Biodiversity 2 100 SS-508 Agricultural Research Methodology 2 100

B. Optional Courses (any two)

Course No. Course Title Credit: 4 Marks SS-512 Soil Pollution and Remediation 2 100 SS-513 Soil, Plant and Water Analysis 2 100 SS-514 Food Biochemistry and Metabolism 2 100

January-June Semester

Thesis Semester

Credits: 8 Marks A. Thesis Evaluation 6 300 B. Seminar 1 50 C. Viva-voce 1 50 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

Department of Crop Science and Technology University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205

SS-501: Soil Physics (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Soil Physical Properties Their effects in crop production. Soil as disperse three phase system; volume-mass relationships of soil constituents: acre furrow slice. Soil degradation: causes and functions: aggregate stability. Soil aeration: plant requirement of soil air, renewal of' soil air. Soil temperature: Soil temperature fluctuation; heat flow in soil; soil temperature management.

Soil water A brief account of soil water constants; soil water retention characteristics; hysteresis; Flow of water in soil: saturated and unsaturated, Darcy's law, hydraulic conductivity of soils and their methods of measurements. Soil water potential: concepts, components of potential-gravitational, pressure, osmotic and metric potentials; Measurement of total potential by Thermocouple psychrometer and metric potential by tensiometer, vapor pressure.

Evapotranspiration (ET), Irrigation and Drainage Factors affecting ET; methods of measuring ET; principles and methods of irrigation; irrigation in relation to soil properties; importance of supplemental irrigation for important crops: water requirement of crops; different approaches of irrigation scheduling: methods of draining agricultural lands.

Book recommended: 1. Baver, L. D. Gardner. W.H. and Gardner, W.R. 1972. Soil Physics, 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons. Ins. New York. 2. Ghildyal. P. P. and Tripathi, R. P. 1987. Soil Physics. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Hanks. R. J. and Ashcroft, F. L. 1980. Applied Soil Physics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 4. Hiller, D. 1980.Fundamentals of Soil Physics. Acad. Press, New York. USA. 5. Hiller, D. 1980. Applications of Soil Physics. Acad. Soil Press, New York, USA. 6. Lambert K. S. and Rhcroft. D.W. 1983. Land Drainage-Planning & Design of Agric. Drain. System, Batsl. Acad. &.Edn. Ltd. 7. Hillel, D. 1971. Soil and Water. Acad. Press Inc. New York. 8. Michael, A. M. 1978. Irrigation-Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 9. James, D. W., Hanks, K. J. and Jurianak, J. J. 1982. Modern Irrigated Soils. John Wiley & Sons. NY.

1 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-502: Soil Chemistry & Mineralogy (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Chemistry of Submerged soils Characteristics of submerged soils, electrochemical changes - pH. redox potential, sequential reduction of elements, transformation of elements in submerged soils.

Ion sorption and ion exchange Types and nature of soil colloids, adsorption and desorption phenomena, adsorption of ions by clays and humic substances, adsorption isotherm, Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. Development of Charges on soil colloids, cation exchange in soils, factors affecting cation exchange reactions, cation exchange theories- Stem and Guoy-Chapman theories, anion exchange in soils.

Clay mineralogy Nomenclature and classification of silicate and no silicate clays. Genesis of silicate clays. Physico- chemical and mineralogical properties of clays: Kaolinite-serpentine minerals, smectites, micas, vermiculites, chlorites and interstratified clay minerals. Identification of clay minerals: x-ray diffraction technique, differential thermal analysis. Clay mineral distribution in Bangladesh soils. Books Recommended: 1. Bear, F. E. 1967. Chemistry of the soil. Reinhold Pub. Crop. Inc. USA. 2. Greenland. D. J. and Hayes, M.H.B. 1981. The Chemistry of Soil Processes. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York. 3. Grim. R. E. 1953. Clay Mineralogy- McGraw Hill Hook Co. Inc. New York. 4. Lindsay. W. L. 1979. Chemical Equilibrium in Soils. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York. 5. Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. Int. Potash Inst. Pub. Switzerland. 6. Miller. R. W. and Donahue, R. I. 1990. Soils - An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Prentice Hal! Inc., USA. 7. Ponnamperuma. F. N. 1972. Advances in Agronomy, Vol. 24. Amer. Soc. Agron. Inc. Pub., Wis. USA. 8. Sposito. G. 1989. The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York. 9. Bohn. H.L.. Mc. Neal, B.L. and O'Connor, G.A. 1974. Soil Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons. New York.

2 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS 503: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Soil fertility and productivity Soil fertility-past and present. Soil fertility and plant growth, soil fertility based growth equations. Soil productivity management.

Soil organic matter depletion Organic matter status of Bangladesh soils, causes of organic matter depletion, organic matter replenishment- green manure, farm yard manure and animal manures, compost, crop residues and organic wastes.

Nutrient dynamics and availability Geochemical distribution- dynamics and availability of N, P, K, S, Mn, Cu, Zn, B and Mo in soil.

Soil fertility evaluation: Chemical analysis-soil analysis, plant analysis; biological tests; fertilizer recommendation for crops and cropping patterns.

Fertilizers use and management Trends of fertilizer use in Bangladesh, imbalanced use of fertilizers, nutrient mining. Concept of integrated plant nutrition system, integrated use of chemical and organic fertilizers. Fertilizer use efficiency.

Books Recommended: 1. Brady N.C. 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc., New York. 2. Tisdale. S.L., Nelson. W.L., Beaton, J.D. and Havlin, J.I. 1997. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Macmillan Pub. Co., New York. 3. Kanwar. N.C. 1976. Soil Fertility-Theory and Practice. ICAR. New Delhi. 4. Mengel. K. and Kirkby, L.A. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. Int. Potash lust. Pub. Switzerland. 5. Miller. R. W. and Donahuc. R.L. 1990. Soil-An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Prentice Hall Inc., USA. . 6. Stevension, F.J. 1985. Cycles of Soils-Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus. Sulphur, Micronutrients. John Wiley & Sons Inc.. New York. 7. Tamhane. R.U.. Montiramani. D.P., Bali, Y.P. and Donahue, R.L. 1986. Soils Their Chemistry and Fertility in Tropical Asia. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.. New Delhi. 8. Thomson. L.M. and Troeh. F.R. 1978. Soils and Soil Fertility. McGraw Hill, New York.

3 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS 504: Soil Degradation and Conservation (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Soil degradation Concept of soil degradation, types of soil degradation-physical, chemical and biological. Physical degradation-clay migration, plough pan formation, burial of fertile land by sand deposition. Chemical degradation-soil fertility depletion, acidification. salinization, alkalization. Biological degradation-soil microflora and microfauna.

Soil erosion Concept of soil erosion, types of erosion, factors affecting water and wind erosion, classification and harmful effects of soil erosion, methods of measuring erosion loss of soil, Universal soil loss equation (USLE).

Soil Conservation Concept of soil conservation. Methods of soil conservation-vegetative, mechanical and modification of soil properties. Vegetative methods -cover crops, crop rotation, companion crops, strip cropping, crop residue utilization, mulching and windbreaks. Mechanical methods -zero tillage. minimum tillage, land leveling and bundinig, contour and terrace cultivation. Modification of soil properties-soil structure, infiltration, drainage, land reclamation. Soil water conservation- means of reducing evaporation and deep percolation loss, improvement of water holding capacity of soil and efficient use of soil moisture.

Books Recommended: 1. FAO. 1986. Soil Erosion by water."Some Measures for its Control on Cultivated Lands. 2. Greenland. OJ. and Lal. R. 1977. Soil Conservation and Management in the Humid Tropics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. 3. Lal, R. 1988. Soil erosion Research Methods. ISSS. Wageningen. The Netherlands. 4. Michael. A.M. and Ojha T.P. 1978. Principle of Agricultural Engineering: Irrigation, Drainage and Soil Water Conservation, Vol. II

5. Michael A.M. and OJha T.P. 1978. Principle of Agr. Engg. Vol. II 6. Stallings. J.H. 1962. Soil Conservation. Prentice-Hall Inc. USA. 7. Miller. K. W. and Donahue, R.L. 199U. Soil An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth. Prentice I (all Inc., USA. 8. Troeh. F.R.. Hobbs. J.A. and Donahue. R.L. 1980. Soil and Water Conservation for Productivity and Environmental Protection- Prentice Hall. Inc., USA. 9. Schwab. G. O. Frevent. R.K. Edminister. T.W. and Bamles, K.K. 1981. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.

4 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS 505: Soil Microbiology (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Abundance and distribution of soil microflora and fauna; a brief classification of bacteria, fungi and algae: interactions among soil microorganisms.

Biogeochemical role of soil microorganisms Biochemical transformation of nitrogen: Proteolysis, ammonification, nitrification and denitrification. Biochemical transformation of phosphorus: Mineralization of organic phosphorus, oxidation-reductions reactions, solubilization of inorganic phosphates. Biochemical transformation of sulphur: Mineralization of organic sulphur, sulphur, oxidation and reduction. Biochemical transformation of iron and manganese.

Biological nitrogen fixation: Symbiotic fixation-legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis; Non-symbiotic fixation-Azotobacter, Cyanobacteria, Azospirillum; Rhizosphere fixation; Quantity of nitrogen fixed by different microorganisms; Factors influencing nitrogen fixation; Biochemistry of nitrogen fixation-nitogenase enzyme, reaction mechanisms of nitrogenase, regulation of nitrogenase activity; Methods for measuring nitrogen fixation. Mycorrhizae Type, host-endophytic interactions and contribution in nutrient uptake.

Microbial inoculants Preparation of rhizobial, blue-green algal and azolla inoculants; their uses in improving soil fertility.

Book Recommended: 1. Alexander, M. 1977. Introduction to Soil Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. 2. Gallon. J.R. and Chaplin, A.K. 1987. An Introduction to Nitrogen Fixation. Cassell Eduactional Ltd.. London. 3. Nutman. P.S. 1975. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. 4: Pelczar, M.J-. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg. N.R. 1986. Microbiology. McGraw-Hill Book Co.. New York. 5. Quispel. A. 1971. The Biology of Nitrogen Fixation. Norgh Holland. 6. Roger. L.J. and Gallon, J.R. 1988. Biochemistry of algae and cyanobacteria. Oxford University Press. London. 7. Stewart. W.D.P. 1975. Nitrogen Fixation by Free Living Microorganism. IRP-6. 8. Subba Rao. N.S. 1987. Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Oxford and IBH. Pub. Co., New Delhi.

5 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-506: Soil Survey and Classification (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Soil Survey and Mapping Principles and objectives of soil survey; kinds and methods of soil survey; use of soil survey in land use planning and development; base materials, aerial photo interpretation, map units; map legends; soil survey reports; soil survey works in Bangladesh; Use of Land Utilization Guides (Thana Nirdeshika). Soil Classification Importance and principles of soil classification; Types of soil classification. FAO legends. Soil Taxonomy; diagnostic horizons, moisture regimes, thermal regimes, Categories: Order. Suborder, Great group. Subgroup. Family and Series. Classification of Bangladesh soils according to soil taxonomy. Land Evaluation Principles of land evaluation; land suitability classification: land characteristics used as criteria for crop suitability in Bangladesh, suitability rating for major crops- rice, wheat, jute. potato, sugarcane, pulses, fruits and vegetables.

Books Recommended: 1. Dent. D. and Yong. A. 1981. Soil Survey and Land evaluation. George Alien and Unwin Pub. Ltd., London. 2. Hussain. M.S. 1992. Soil Classification with Special Reference to the Soils of Bangladesh. Univ. Dhaka. 3. USDA. 1951. Soil Survey Manual. Agriculture Hand Book No. 18. 4. USUA, 1978. Soil Taxonomy-A Basic System of Soil Classification for making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR). New Delhi. 5. Soil Survey Staff. 1992. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. SMSS Technical monograph no. 19, Pocahontas Press. Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia.

6 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-507: Soil Ecology and Biodiversity (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Introduction, Ecology of hill, piedmont, floodplain, wetland, desert, forest and coastal soils. Microbial ecology: Ecology of bacteria, fungi, algae and actinomycetes. Ecological hazards of Bangladesh: Hoods, hailstorm, drought and monsoons effect on soil. Biodiversity Introduction, Concept, classification of soil biodiversity in AEZs of Bangladesh. Soil types and biodiversity: Acid soils, calcareous soils, saline soils and wetland soils. Management of soil biodiversity: Loss, conservation and utilization of biodiversity for sustainable agriculture.

Book recommended: 1. Kumar. H.D. 1994. Modern concepts of Ecology. Vikas publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. India. 2. Trivedi. P.R. and Roy. G. 2002 Environmental Ecology. Akashdeep publishing House. New Delhi. India. 3. Faurie. C.K, Ferra, C.. Medori, P. and Devaux, J. 2001 Ecology Science and practice. Oxford and IDH Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi and Calcutta. 4. Smith. RL. 1990. Ecology und field biology. Harper Collins publishers, USA. 5. Voilbuev, V. R. 1964. Ecology of Soils. Israel programme for Scientific publication. Jerusalem. 6. Kotwal, P. C. and Banerjee, S. 2002. Biodiversity conservation Agrobios, India. 7. Solbrig, Ot., Van Endew, H. M. and Van Oordt, P. G. W. J. 1994. Biodiversity and Global change. Cab International, UK.

7 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-508: Agricultural Research Methodology (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Regression Correlation Simple regression and correlation, method of least squares. Multiple regression and correlation analysis. Tests of Significance T, 2 and F tests. Sampling methods Concept of population and sample. Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random Sampling. Basic experimental designs Layout of basic designs and analysis of variance of data in completely randomized design, randomized block design and Latin square design. Multiple comparisons Use of LSD test and Duncan's new multiple range test (DMRT). Missing value estimation Estimation of 1 or 2 missing values in randomized block design and Latin square design and technique of analysis of variance. Data transformation Square-root transformation, logarithmic transformation and angular transformation. Factorial experiments Advantages and disadvantages. Factorial experiments conducted in completely randomized design and randomized block design. Split-plot design and split-split-plot design. Books Recommended 1. Ahmed. A. R., M.A.A. Bhuyan and Z.A. Reza. 1999. Parisankhyan; Tattwa-o-Proyog; Shamsunnahar et al. 2. Chatterjee. S. and Price, B. Regression Analysis by Example, John Wiley and sons, New York. 3. Gomez. K. A. and Gomez, A.A. Statistics Procedures for Agricultural Research, John Wiley and Sons. New York. 4. Shil. R.N. and Debnath, S. C. An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, 2nd ed., Azadi Printers Limited, Kalurghat, Chittagong.

8 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-509: Biofertilizer Technology (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Biofertilizer Concept of biofertilizer: kinds and beneficial effects on crops. Production technology of biofertilizers Isolation, authentication and maintenance of the cultures of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Cyanobacteria, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, celluloytic microbes and mycorrhizal fungi; Screening, selection and use of effective strains of Rhizobium and other microorganisms in the production of biofertilizers; Collection and processing of suitable carrier material for biofertilizer production., Screening and selection of Azolla, suitable for use as biofertilizer, application and quality control of biofertilizer, Contribution of biofertilizers on organic matter build up of soils. Interactions of biofertilizers with chemicals interactions of biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers and pesticides applied in soil.

Books Recommended: 1. Hamdi. Y.A. 1982. Application of nitrogen fixing systems in soil improvement and management. F AO soils bulletin 49. Rome. Italy. 2. Malik. K.A. Naqvi, S.II.M. and Aleem, M.I.H. 1985. Nitrogen and the environment, NIAB. Faisalabad. Pakistan. 3. Subba Rao, N.S. 1984. Current Development in Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 4. Subba Rao, N.S. 1 984. Biofertilizers in Agriculture. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. New Delhi. 5. Stewart. W.D.P. 1975. Nitrogen Fixation by Free Living Microorganis IRP IRP-6. 6. Subba Rao. N.S. J 987. Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Oxford and 1BH. Pub. Co., New Delhi. 7. Xinthian. D. (Ed.) 1993. Current Development in Soybean Rhizobium Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Heilongjiang Sci. & Tech. Pub. House. 8. Vincent. J.M. 1982. Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes. Academic Press, Paris, San Diego, Tokyo, Toronto.

9 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-510: Soils of Bangladesh (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

The Environment of soil formation in Bangladesh Location and climate; Geology; Geomorphology; Hydrology; Biological agents; Physiography.

Soil Forming Processes Soil formation on seasonally Hooded and non-Hooded land. The Soil Forming Processes in Bangladesh: Ripening, Homogenization, Reduction, Ferrolysis, Decalcification, Formation of gleyans. Clay Eluviation and illuviation, Acidification, Formation of mottles, Formation of lime nodules, Alkalization, Formation of peat. The soils General Soil Types: FAO soil units; Agroecological Zones of Bangladesh: concept of AEZ, and brief description of different AEZs. Description of soils: Morphological description of important soil series-Sara series (Ganges floodplain), Sonatala and Shilmondi series (Brahmaputra flood plain), Gangachara series (Tista floodplain), Ajmiriganj series (Surma-Kushiyara floodplain). Tejgaon series (Madhupur tract). Nijhuri series (Barind tract). Pirojpur series (Coastal saline areas), Baliadangi series (Piedmont) and Rangamati series (Hills).

Problem Soils of Bangladesh Types of problem soils, their location and extent; constraints for crop production and management for maximizing land use.

Books Recommended: 1. FAO report. 1971. Soil Survey, Project, Bangladesh Soil resources. Rome. Tech. Rep. 2. FAO report. 1988. Land Resources Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development. Agroecological Regions of Bangladesh. Report-2. 3. H. Brammer. 1996. I he Geography of the Soils of Bangladesh. University Press Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh. 4. Hussain. M.S. 1992. Soil Classification with Special Reference to the Soils of Bangladesh. Univ. Dhaka.

10 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-511: Waste Management and Environmental Science (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75) 1. Introduction to Agro-meteorology: Concept and definition; scope and importance. 2. Environments: Concept and meaning; principles in relation between organism and environment; different factors and their effect on plant life. 3. Atmosphere: Concept and definition; composition & structure. 4. Weather and Climate: Concept and definition; classification. Elements & factors controlling the climate and their influence on crops growth and development. a. Solar Radiation: Concept and meaning; forms; measurement; radiation and energy balance at the surface; atmospheric depletion; green house effect and its distribution. b. Temperature: Definition. terminology-Diurnal and seasonal variation, horizontal and vertical variation, temperature gradient, laps rate, adiabatic lapse rate, process of heat transfer: healing and cooling of atmosphere; control of temperature; measurement and distribution of temperature. c. Humidity: Definition, terminology, properties of water vapor, measurement of humidity, time variation in humidity. d. Wind: Definition and measurement; geographic and time variation in humidity. e. Precipitation: Definition, forms, types and measurement. ' 5. Carbon dioxide balance: Introduction, CO2 concentration pattern, CO2 balance of a growing crop. 6. Environmental Pollution: Air, water, solid waste, Radioactive and noise. 7. Condensation and sublimation: Fog, Dew and Cloud: Definition, classification, description and distribution; Hood and drought. 8. Classification of Climate: According to Koppen, Thomthwailes, Harun-ur Rashid and Sirajul Islam. 9. Climate of Bangladesh and its influence on crop; climatic variation of the country and its impact on crop plants, effect of weather and climate on vegetation, animal's pest and diseases. 10. Natural disaster on Environments: Influence of weather hazards viz. flood, drought, cyclones including thunderstorms and hail storms, dust storms and tornadoes; fog, cold wave. heat wave and frost on agriculture. 11. Weather Forecasting and Analysis: Concept and historical background; Types of weather forecasting; (short, medium and long range), methods of water forecasting: synoptic weather forecasting: numeric methods; statistical methods: satellites in weather forecasting; predictability of the weather; accuracy of weather forecasts; analysis of the present weather and special forecast. 12. Crop Forecasting: Crop forecasting based on agro-meteorological data; utilization of meteorological data in production planning; micrometeorology of crops and the instrument used for their measurement.

Book Reference Ambasht. R. S, and K. N. Ambasht. 2000. A Text Book of Plant Ecology. CUS Publisher and Distributor. Daryagong. New Delhi. Bannister. P. 1976: An Introduction to Physiological Plant ecology. Blackwell. Oxford. Bucknell. J. 1966. Climatology, 1966, McMillan. N.Y. Chang. J.H. 1971. Climate and Agriculture. Aldine Pub. Co. Chicago. Jackson. I.J. 1977. Climate. Weather and Agriculture in the tropics, ELBS and Longman, London. Lal. D. S. 1998. Climatology. C. S. Join for Chaitanya Publishing house, Allahabad, India. Mather. J.R.C. 1974. Climatology: Fundamental and application. Rafiq Ahmed 1982.Bangla Academy Dhaka. Mavi, H. S. 1994. Introduction to Agrometeorology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi Peterssen. S. 1969. Introduction lo Meteorology. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York. Pierre. W. H., Don Kirkham. Pasek, J. and R. Shaw, 1981. Plant Environment and efficiency water, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science, Madison, Wisconsin. USA., Reddy, T. Y. and G. H. S. Reddy. Principles of Agronomy. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Rosenberg, N.J.Blad. B.L, and Verma, S.B. 1983. Microclimate: The Biological Environment. John Wiley & Sons. New York. Seemann. J. Chirkov, Y.I. Lomas J and Primault, B. 1979: Agrometeorology. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. Sukla. R. S. and P. S. Chandul. 1999. Plant Ecology. CBS Publisher and Distributor, Daryagong. New Delhi. Wiesner. C.J. 1970. Climate, irrigation and agriculture. Angus and Robertson, Sydney. Wilsie. C.P. 1962: Crop Adaptation and distribution. Freeman & Co. San Francisco.

11 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-512: Soil Pollution and Remediation (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Concept of soil pollution and soil contamination, hazards of soil pollution. Pesticides-Cycles, residues, hazards, degradation and remediation. : Fertilizer- Residues, toxicity, soil degradation and control measures. Heavy metals- Sources, hazard (especially As, Pb and Cd), critical limits and redemption. (Green house gases- Formation and effects of methane, carbon oxide, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide and CFC). Green house effects- Ozone layer depletion: Global warming and changes in soil properties. Other pollutants- Acid rain, radio active materials, city wastes, presumed and pollution by microorganisms. Pollution control regulations of Bangladesh.

Books Recommended: 1. Orlov. D.S. 1992. Soil chemistry. Oxford pub. Co. Cal. India. 2. Kudesia, V.P. 1990. Pollution. Pragali Prakashsni, India. 3. Mishra. P.O. 1989 Soil Pollution : Soil organisms. Asia Pub. House, India.. 4. Rahman. A.A. Huq, S., Haider. R. and Jansen, P. 1992. Environment and Development in Bangladesh. Bang. Cent Adv. Stud., Dhaka. 5. ASA. 1991. Impact of Carbon Dioxide, Trace Gases, and Climate Change on Global Agricultural. ASA Special Pub. No. 53. USA. 6. ASA. 1993. Agricultural ecosystem effects on Traces Gases and Global Climate Change. ASA Special Pub. No 55. USA. 7. Agrawal. SB. And Agrawal. M. 2000. Environmental pollution and Plant Responses. Cat. No. L. 1341. CRC Press. UK-. 8. Tan. K.H. 2000. Environmental Soil Science, 2nd edition. Revised and Expanded. Marcel Dekker Inc. USA/Canada/South America.

12 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-513: Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

Principles of Analytical Methods Volumetric, gravimetric, turbid metric, spectrophotometric, flame emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and chromatography; Errors in analysis. Soil Analysis Purpose of soil analysis; collection, preparation and preservation of soil samples. Total nutrient analysis-acid digestion and fusion, fractionation of plant nutrients in soil. Available nutrient analysis-concepts of nutrient availability, selection of extracting for determining available nutrients, interpretation of soil analytical data, critical limit of plant nutrients in soils. Principles for determination of soil pH, lime requirement, organic matter, redox potential, soluble salt and CHC. Microbiological tests: collection, isolation, selection of growth media and culturing and count of cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi in soil.

Plant Analysis Purpose of plant analysis; sampling, processing and preservation of plant samples; principles of plant analysis, plant tissue test, leaf analysis, total analysis; critical level of nutrients in plant, interpretation of plant analysis data.

Water Analysis Purposes of water analysis; collection, preservation and analysis of water samples' rating of water for irrigation, water quality and environment pollution.

Books Recommended: 1. Hesse. P.R. 1971 A. Text Book of Soil Chemical Analysis John Murray Pub. Ltd., London. 2. Jackson. M. L. 1962. Soil chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New York. 3. Klute. A. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis, part 1. Amer, Soc. Agron., Madison. 4. Piper. C. S. 1950 Soil and plant Analysis. Adelaide Univ. Press, Australia. 5. Page. A.L., Miller. R. H. and Deeney, D. R. 19825 Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Amer. Soc. Agron- Madison. 6. Seeley. H. W. and Van Demark. J. P. 1975 Microbes in Action. D. B. Taraporevala Sons Co., Bombay. 7. Tyler. M. E. and Milam, J.R. 1969. Basic Bacteriology; Laboratory Manual. Department of Bacteriology, Univ. Florida.

13 Syllabus for M.S. in Soil Science

SS-514: Food Biochemistry and Metabolism (Assignment-10, Class Test-10, Attendance-5, Final Exam-75)

1. Biochemistry of Food Nutrients: a. Carbohydrates: Occurrence, definition, classification, biological importance, stereoisomerism, chemistry of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides with special reference to starch, cellulose and cell wall polysaccharides. b. Proteins: Occurrence, definition, classification, biological importance. Amino acid as ampholytes, isoelectric point. c. Lipids: Occurrence, definition, classification, biological importance, physical and chemical properties, characterization of fats, oils and waxes. Phospholipids with special reference to lecithin and cephalin. d. Vitamins: Structure, co-enzyme activity, dietary sources, recommended daily allowance, deficiency symptoms and physiological functions. e. Minerals: Sources, deficiency symptoms, daily requirements and physiological functions. Interrelationship between vitamins and minerals. 2. Enzyme: Definition, classification and chemical nature of enzyme. Concept of coenzymes and prosthetic groups. Mode of action of enzymes and factors affecting their reactions. 3. Metabolism: a. General aspects of metabolism, study of intermediary metabolism. b. Carbohydrate metabolism: i. Glycolysis, Aerobic and anaerobic fate, metabolism of disaccharides, pentoses, hexoses other than glucose. Physical importance of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis. ATP synthesis. ii. Tricarboxylic acid cycle. Amphibolic nature and anapleurotic reactions of TCA cycle. ATP synthesis. iii. Pentose phsophate pathway and glyoxylate pathway. iv. Glycogen metabolism: Glycogenolysis, glycogenesis. c. Protein metabolism: Outline of amino acid metabolism, decarboxylation, oxidative deamination, transamination, metabolic facts of amino groups, urea cycle, toxicity of ammonia. d. Lipid metabolism: Degradation of triglyceride and phospholipids, oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Propionate metabolism.

The End

14