Annual Report and Statistics 2019-20
(For further information see the IALS Annual Review)
Contents
Advisory Council……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Institute Staff…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Visiting Research Fellows…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Associate Research Fellows……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Training Days and Training Events…………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Conferences, Workshops, Lectures, Seminars…………………………………………………………………………. 10
Library, Information and Research Services Report ……………………………………………………………….. 16
Research Services Statistics…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
Institute Membership: Statistics……………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
Information Resources: Statistics…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
Overseas Academic Visitors…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
National & International Professional Activities…………………………………………………………………….. 37
Income & Expenditure 2019-20………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39
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Advisory Council
Membership Chair The Rt Hon. Lord Lloyd-Jones
At least 8 members drawn from universities and similar organisations UK-wide including up to six from University of London Colleges Professor Chris Ashford, Northumbria University Professor Stephen Bailey, University of Nottingham Professor Heather Conway, Queens University, Belfast Professor Sharon Cowan, University of Edinburgh Professor Gillian Douglas, King's College London Professor Marie Fox, University of Liverpool Dr Rob George, University College London Professor Penny Green, Queen Mary University of London Dr Gina Heathcote, School of Oriental and African Studies Professor Niamh Moloney, London School of Economics and Political Science Professor Stewart Motha, Birkbeck College Dr Devyani Prabhat, University of Bristol Law School Professor David Sugarman, Lancaster University Professor Thomas Watkin, Bangor University
A maximum of six members drawn from partners / financial stakeholders not covered by the above but associated with the discipline Professor Michael Lobban, Chair, Law Section, British Academy Jonathan Jones, Treasury Solicitor The Rt Hon. Sir Nicholas Green, Chair, Law Commission Sir Iain Macleod, Legal Adviser, Foreign & Commonwealth Office
At least one but up to two individuals representing academic libraries. Where there are two, at least one should be external to the University of London David Wills, Squire Law Librarian, Cambridge University
At least one but up to two representatives of the national postgraduate research community Benedict Turner, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Research Student
An elected member of the academic staff of the Institute Dr Nóra Ní Loideáin, Director, Information Law and Policy Centre, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies
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Ex Officio Members Dean or Deputy Dean, School of Advanced Study, Professor Rick Rylance/Professor Jo Fox Director of the Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, Professor Bill Sherman Director of the Institute, Professor Carl Stychin Librarian of the Institute, David Gee
In attendance Institute Manager (Secretary to the Council) Alex Bussey
Institute Staff
Director Professor Carl Stychin
Academic Staff Director, Sir William Dale Centre for Legislative Studies and Director of Taught Programmes Dr Constantin Stefanou
Director, Information Law and Policy Centre Dr Nóra Ní Loideáin
Director, Centre for Financial Law, Regulation & Compliance and Director of Postgraduate Research Students Dr Colin King
Researcher, Information Law and Policy Centre Dr Rachel Adams (to 31.03.2020)
Lecturer in Law, International Corporate Governance Financial Regulation and Economic Law Dr Mahmood Bagheri
Emeritus Professor Professor Avrom Sherr
Senior Research Fellow in Company and Commercial Law Professor Mads Andenas
Senior Research Fellow in Financial Regulation Professor Kern Alexander
Senior Research Fellow in Empirical Legal Studies Professor Lisa Webley
Professorial Fellow Professor Terence Daintith
Honorary Senior Research Fellow Professor Barry Rider
Administrative Staff Institute Manager Alex Bussey Events and Training Manager Daly Sarcos Finance Officer Monica Humble (to 20.12.2019)
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Interim Finance Officer Fiona Ferdinand (from 20.12.2019) Fellowships and Administrative Officer Eliza Boudier Space and Facilities Manager Charlene Desporte Social Media & Communications Assistant Dein Harry
Library Staff
Librarian David Gee
IALS Digital Manager Narayana Harave
Information Resources Manager Liz Murray
Academic Services Manager Laura Griffiths
Document Supply Service Supervisor Lauren Cummings (to 14.02.2020)
Foreign and International Law Librarian Hester Swift
Access Librarian Alice Tyson
Cataloguing and Book Acquisitions Carole Farmer
Archivist Clare Cowling
Legal Research Support Librarian Heather Memess
Principal Library Assistant Katherine Read
Principal Library Assistant, IALS Digital Lindsey Caffin
Senior Library Assistants, Serials Eleanor Dale (to 28.02.2020) Stephen Davison
Senior Library Assistants, Cataloguing & Acquisitions Ben Pendleton Dalia Maoz-Michaels
Library Assistant, Distance Services Mano Ganeser
Library Assistant, Processing Malini Nadarajah
Graduate Trainee Shaun Heaney
Library Administrative Officer Claire Miller
Library Administrative Assistants Peter McColgan Tina Burgoine
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British and Irish Legal Information Institute Executive Director Joe Ury System Administrator / Developer Roger Burton West Project Officer, Judgments Dr Viky Martzoukou Executive Officer Dr Ann Hale
Visiting Research Fellows
Inns of Court Research Fellow
The Hon. Justice Anthony James Besanko Federal Court of Australia Subject of Research: Comparative examination identifying the convergence and divergence between Australian law and the law of the United Kingdom concerned with the doctrine of legal unreasonableness in public law. Date of Visit: January to March 2020
Visiting Research Fellows
Professor Valentina Barela University of Salerno Subject of Research: Competition and Trade Date of Visit: October 2019 to July 2020
Dr Agata Fijalkowski University of Lancaster School of Law Subject of Research: The Contribution of Polish Lawyers to International Criminal Law and the war crimes trials from 1946-1948 Date of Visit: January to August 2020
Mr Jamie Grace Sheffield Hallam University Subject of Research: The regulation of algorithmic police intelligence analysis tools (APIATs). Date of Visit: June to September 2020
Dr Paola Maggio Università degli Studi di Palermo Subject of Research: The Effects of the Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in Italy and in England: a comparative analysis Date of Visit: March to August 2020
Dr Kazuhiro Matsumoto Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University, Japan Subject of Research: Legal History and Legal Theory; Legal Studies Date of Visit: October 2019 to March 2020
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Professor Jaejin Shim Sogang University Law School, Korea Subject of Research: Comparative-Law Study on the Personal Scope of Labour Law in the UK and South Korea Date of Visit: March – August 2020
Associate Research Fellows
Senior Associate Research Fellows Professor Diamond Ashiagbor, Kent Law School, University of Kent Professor Rosemary Auchmuty, School of Law, University of Reading Professor Philip Baker QC, Field Court Tax Chambers Professor Ilias Bantekas, College of Law & Public Policy, HBKU Professor Anthony Bradney, School of Law, Keele University Professor Anton Cooray, City, University of London Professor Fiona Cownie, School of Law, Keele University Professor Lindsay Farmer, University of Glasgow Professor Julia Hörnle, Queen Mary, University of London Professor Rosemary Hunter, Kent Law School, University of Kent Stephen Laws KGB, QC, former First Parliamentary Counsel Professor Michael Lobban, Department of Law, London School of Economics Professor Catharine MacMillan, Kings College London Professor Harry McVea, University of Bristol Professor Leslie Moran, Birkbeck, University of London James Michael, formerly University College London Professor Sa'id Mosteshar, London Institute of Space Law and Policy Professor Chizu Nakajima, London Metropolitan University Professor David Ormerod QC, Law Commissioner and University College London Professor Michael Palmer, School of Oriental and African Studies Professor Solomon Picciotto, University of Lancaster Professor John Spencer QC, University of Cambridge Professor David Sugarman, University of Lancaster Professor William Twining, University College London Professor Sally Wheeler, Australian National University College of Law Jules Winterton, British & Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII) Professor Lorna Woods, University of Essex Professor Alexandra Xanthaki, Brunel University Professor Helen Xanthaki, University College London
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Associate Research Fellows Professor Enrico Albanesi, University of Genoa Dr Christina Angelopoulos, University of Cambridge Dr Francis Boorman, IALS, History of Arbitration Project Professor Charles Chatterjee Lydia Clapinska, Office of the Parliamentary Counsel Dr Damian Clifford, KU Leuven Centre for IT and IP Law Dr Daniele D’Alvia, Queen Mary/Birkbeck, University of London Dr Richard Danbury, De Montfort University Professor Gudula Deipenbrock, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin Dermot Feenan, Law and Compassion Research Network Dr Faith Gordon, Monash University, Australia Daniel Greenberg, formerly Office of the Parliamentary Counsel Richard Hart, formerly Hart Publishing Dr Maren Heidemann Dr Amy Kellam Professor Marcus Lívio Gomes, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro Professor Nicola Lupo, LUISS, Rome Dr Rhiannon Markless, IALS, History of Arbitration Project Stephen Mason, Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review Dr Micheál Ó Flynn, University of Glasgow Professor Giulia Pennisi, Palermo University William Robinson, former Law Reviser, European Commission Hayley Rogers, Office of the Parliamentary Counsel Dr Yair Sagy, Haifa University Dr Ivan Sammut, University of Malta Jonathan Teasdale, formerly Law Commission Dr Judith Townend, University of Sussex Professor Dimitris Ziouvas, University of Athens
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Training Days and Training Events 7, 12, 13 November 2019 Westlaw and Lexis Library Introduction: hands-on session Katherine Read, Hester Swift, Alice Tyson (IALS).
11 November 2019, 26 February, 9 March 2020 Finding legal journal articles for your essay, dissertation or thesis Alice Tyson (IALS)
18, 28 November 2019, 28 February, 10 March 2020 Introduction to OSCOLA Laura Griffiths (IALS)
Saturday 30 November 2019 How to get a PhD in Law: The PhD in Law and Research Methods Speakers: Dr Colin King, Director of Research, IALS; Dr Constantin Stefanou, Director of the Sir William Dale Centre for Legislative Studies, IALS; Professor Lisa Webley, University of Birmingham; Alice Tyson (IALS)
Thursday 23 January 2020 Presentational Skills and Advocacy Masterclass Lead by Mark Tomassi (Senior Barrister at Charter Chambers) and Benedict Turner (Module Convenor and Associate Lecturer at Cardiff University and the Open University). (IALS PhD Masterclass)
Thursday 20 February 2020 IALS PhD Masterclass: Top Tips for the PhD
Wednesday 11 March 2020 How to get a PhD in Law: The PhD journey: Supervision, research ethics and preparing yourself for upgrade and vivas Speakers: Professor Sally Wheeler, Dean of the Australian National University College of Law; Professor Carl Stychin, IALS Director; Emeritus Professor Avrom Sherr, IALS, University of London; Dr Constantin Stefanou, Director of the Sir William Dale Centre for Legislative Studies, IALS; Hester Swift, Foreign and International Law Librarian, IALS Library.
Friday 22nd May 2020 How to get a PhD in Law: Researching, disseminating and publishing in the digital world Dr Judith Townend, University of Sussex; Professor Lisa Webley, University of Birmingham; Dr Nóra Ni Loideain, Director and Lecturer in Law, Information Law & Policy Centre, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies; Rebecca O’Rouke, Cambridge University Press; Sinead Moloney, Publisher, Hart Publishing, Oxford; Alice Tyson, Senior Librarian, IALS Library
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18 June, 1 July 2020 IALS Online - Formatting your Law Dissertation with Microsoft Word Lindsey Caffin, Narayana Harave (IALS).
Wednesday 22 July 2020 IALS Webinar - Doing a PhD Speakers: Dr Abenaa Owusu-Bempah, LSE Department of Law; Dr Colin King, IALS; Dr John Child, Department of Law, University of Birmingham; Dr Lucy Welsh, Sussex Law School.
Conferences, Workshops, Lectures, Seminars 11 September 2019 Women's Legal Landmarks - In Conversation: Match Women's Strike, 1888; Dagenham car plant strike 1968 Speakers: Jacqueline Lane; Dawn Watkins. (Organised in collaboration with the University of Kent and University of Reading, led by Professor Erika Rackley and Professor Rosemary Auchmuty)
Thursday 10 October 2019 To Blockchain or not to Blockchain: Implications for Data Protection Law Chair: Dr Nóra Ni Loideain, Director, Information Law and Policy Centre, IALS Speakers: Dr John Sheridan, Digital Director, The National Archives; Professor Christopher Millard, Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary University of London.
Friday 11th October 2019 The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform – 4th Annual Conference Speakers and Chairs: Professor Mads Andenas QC, University of Oslo; Hendrik Puschmann, Farrer & Co; Maren Heidemann, Associate Research Fellow, IALS; Catherine Pédamon, University of Westminster; Dr Joseph Lee, University of Exeter; Professor Pinar Akman, University of Leeds; Dr Despina Anagnostopoulou, University of Macedonia; Amanda Bezerra Bassani, University of Lisbon; Dr Sara Hourani, Middlesex University; Manasi Kumar, Jindal Global Law School; Frederico Fayad Nascimento, University Institute of Lisbon; Cristina Poncibo, University of Turin; Dr Muriel Renaudin, Cardiff University; Klaus Rilke, Advogados Salusse Marangoni Parente Jabur, Sao Paolo; Dr Konstantinos Stylianou, University of Leeds; Dr Tat Chee Tsui, Beijing Normal University; Dr Johan Vannerom, KU Leuven, Erasmus School of Law; Terry Wong Chee Wai, Ciao International Ltd and Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Wednesday 16 October 2019 Women's Legal Landmarks - In Conversation: A Pageant of Great Women, Cicely Hamilton, 1909- 1912; DPP v Jonathan Cape and Leopold Hill (1928) Speakers: Professor Katharine Cockin, University of Essex; Dr Caroline Derry, Open University. (Organised in collaboration with the University of Kent and University of Reading, led by Professor Erika Rackley and Professor Rosemary Auchmuty). Thursday 17 October 2019
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Intersectionality: A 30th anniversary Chair: Dame Laura Cox; Speakers: Professor Iyiola Solanke, University of Leeds; Dr Shreya Atrey, University of Oxford; Ijeoma Omambala, Barrister at Old Square Chambers.
Friday 25 October 2019 IALS Legal History Seminar: ‘Uncovering Forgotten Narratives of Copyright History: Painting in the Nineteenth Century’ - Speaker: Dr Elena Cooper, CREATe, University of Glasgow (Organised in association with the London Legal History Seminar)
Monday 4 November 2019 Parliamentary Scrutiny of Law Reform. Procedures, bodies and methods - Fifth Law Reform Project Workshop Project co-leaders: Dr Enrico Albanesi, University of Genova; Jonathan Teasdale, IALS Associate Research Fellow, University of London. Speakers: Andrew Makower, Clerk of Legislation, Legislation Office, House of Lords; John Turner, Clerk of Legislation, Legislation Office, House of Lords; Liam Laurence Smyth, Clerk of Legislation, Public Bill Office, House of Commons; Ciarán Burke, Former Director of Research, Irish Law Reform Commission; Dr Oriola Sallavaci, Essex University Law School; Sara Razai, Judicial Institute, Faculty of Laws, University College of London.
Monday 4 November 2019 EU criminal law measures after Brexit Part 1: Mutual Legal assistance, extradition & investigation Chair: Mike Kennedy CBE, former President of Eurojust. Speakers: Debbie Price, Deputy Director, National Economic Crime Centre; Harvey Palmer, CPS Policy Directorate.
Wednesday 6 November 2019 Book launch: ‘English Arbitration and Mediation in the Long Eighteenth Century Professor Derek Roebuck’s landmark study in the history of arbitral practice, ‘English Arbitration and Mediation in the Long Eighteenth Century’, which examines alternative dispute resolution practices from 1700 – 1815. Co-authored with Dr Francis Calvert Boorman and Dr Rhiannon Markless.
Thursday 7 November 2019 The 17th Sir William Dale Memorial Lecture: From canon to confusion – is our statute book fit for purpose? Speaker: Dylan Hughes, First Legislative Counsel, Office of the Legislative Counsel, Welsh Government.
Tuesday 12 November 2019 British and Irish Legal Information Institute (BAILII): Sir Henry Brooke Lecture 2019 Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, and the Law Speaker: The Rt. Hon, Lord Sales, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 11
Friday 22 November Information Law and Policy Annual Lecture and Conference 2019: Digital Rights in Brexit: Changes and Challenges Key Note Speaker: Dr Jeni Tennison OBE Panellists: Sophia Adams-Bhatti, Director of Legal and Regulatory Policy, The Law Society; Professor Alan Winfield, Ethical Robotics, University of the West of England, Bristol; Professor John Naughton Senior Fellow, University of Cambridge; Roger Taylor, Director of Centre for Digital Ethics and Innovation, Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS); Ali Shah, Head of Technology Policy, Information Commissioner’s Office; Professor Hamed Haddadi, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London; Dr Adrian Weller, Programme Director for AI, The Alan Turing Institute; Professor Orla Lynskey, Department of Law, LSE; Dr Jay Fedorak, Jersey Information Commissioner.
Thursday 28 November 2019 English Law under Two Elizabeths: The Elizabethan Inheritance London Hamlyn Lecture 2020 Speaker: Professor Sir John Baker, Q.C, Downing Professor Emeritus of the Laws of England in the University of Cambridge.
Friday 29 November 2019 Global Trade and the Shaping of the Seventeenth Century English Constitution Speaker: Professor William Pettigrew, Department of History, Lancaster University (IALS Legal History Seminar organised in association with the London Legal History Seminar)
Tuesday 3 December 2019 European Criminal Law: Restraint and confiscation orders in criminal cases Speakers: Dr Andrea Ryan, University of Limerick; Alex Mills, City University; Chair: Professor John Spencer, University of Cambridge (Organised in collaboration with the European Criminal Law Association (UK))
Thursday 5 December 2019 ILPC Evening Seminar: Benefits and Challenges of Health Data Sharing Speakers: Dr Edward Dove (Lecturer in Health Law and Regulation, School of Law, University of Edinburgh); Dr Ciara Staunton (Senior Lecturer in Law, Middlesex University School of Law); Dr Saskia Sanderson (Research Psychologist and Behavioural Scientist, University College London); Dr Helen O’Neill (Lecturer and Molecular Geneticist, Institute of Women’s Health, University College London). Chair: Dr Nora Ni Loideain, Director and Lecturer in Law, Information Law & Policy Centre, IALS.
Wednesday 11 December 2019 12
Translation and Publishment Legal Maxim Collections in Meiji-Era Japan--an endeavour to understand the ideas of Western Law Dr Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Graduate School of Law, Kyoto University, Japan, IALS Visiting Research Fellow. (IALS Lunchtime Seminar)
Friday 17 January 2020 Legal Challenges to the Belt and Road Initiative and Possible Solutions Speaker: Professor Wang Guiguo, Tulane University; Chair: Dr Mauro Barelli, Senior Lecturer, The City Law School, City, University of London (IALS Lunchtime Seminar)
Wednesday 22 January 2020 The Public/Private Divide in the Law of Gifts and Trusts: Recent South African Jurisprudence on the Limitation of Freedom of Disposition Evaluated from a Legal-Comparative Perspective Speaker: Francois du Toit, Senior Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape. (IALS Lunchtime Seminar)
Friday 31 January 2020 Predatory marriage and the law: Durham v Durham revisited Speaker: Dr. Ruth Paley (IALS Legal History Seminar organised in association with the London Legal History Seminar) Wednesday 5 February 2020 Human-Data Interaction, the Internet of Things, System Design, and the Law Keynote Speaker: Professor Yvonne Rogers (Chair of Interaction Design, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London. (EPSRC HDI Project (University of Glasgow & ILPC Joint Workshop)
Monday 10 February 2020 Theory of Justice Speaker: Jamie Grace, Sheffield Hallam University, IALS Visiting Research Fellow; Chair: Dr Nóra Ní Loideáin, Director and Lecturer in Law, Information Law and Policy Centre, IALS. (IALS Lunchtime Seminar)
Monday 10 February 2020 Digital Justice: Convenience at What Cost? Panellists: Gill Phillips, Director of Editorial Legal Services, Guardian News and Media; Dr Judith Townend, Senior Lecturer in Media and Information Law, University of Sussex, Community; Deputy Director, Sussex Centre for Information Governance Research; Dr Joe Tomlinson, Senior Lecturer in Public Law, University of York; Dr Kate Leader, Lecturer in Law, University of York Chair: Dr Nóra Ní Loideáin, Director and Lecturer in Law, Information Law and Policy Centre, IALS. (ILPC Evening Seminar). 13
Wednesday 12 February 2020 Brexit and the Constitution Speaker:Vernon Bogdanor, Professor of Government, King's College London (Organised in collaboration with the Institute of Historical Research)
Monday 24 February 2020 A Judicial Conversation: A judge’s personal journey The Rt. Hon. Lord Dyson in conversation with Ruth Herz and Professor Leslie J Moran (A Society for Advanced Legal Studies (SALS) event)
Wednesday 26 February 2020 Legal Unreasonableness in Judicial Review- Australia and the United Kingdom Speaker: His Hon. Justice Anthony Besanko, Judge, Federal Court of Australia, IALS Inns of Court Fellow 2020-21; Chair: Dr Colin King, Reader in Law and Director of Postgraduate Research Studies, (IALS) (IALS Lunchtime Seminar)
Friday 28 February 2020 An Introduction to the Admiralty Sessions, 1536-1834 Speaker: Dr Gregory Durston, University of Kingston (IALS Legal History Seminar organised in association with the London Legal History Seminar)
Tuesday 10 March 2020 Criminal law Measures to counter Human Trafficking Speakers: Pam Bowen, CPS Policy lead for Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery; Philippa Southwell, Birds Solicitors; Richard Atkins, Knights Solicitors. Chair: Professor John Spencer, University of Cambridge (Organised in collaboration with the European Criminal Law Association (UK))
Thursday 7 May 2020 IALS Online Research Seminar - The 'policy spiral' of Domestic Abuse Disclosure Schemes Speaker: Dylan Hughes, First Legislative Counsel, Office of the Legislative Counsel, Welsh Government. Speaker: Jamie Grace (Sheffield Hallam University and IALS Visiting Fellow)
Monday 18 May 2020 IALS Online Research Seminar - Crime and CoViD-19: The impact of the pandemic on organised, financial and corruption crimes Speaker: Professor Dimitris Ziouvas, Director of the Centre for Criminal Justice of Panteion University of Athens and IALS Associate Research Fellow.
Wednesday 15 July 2020 14
IALS Webinar: Domestic Abuse in the UK’s Covid-19 Lockdown: From Normal to New Normal and what Survivors’ Experiences Might Teach us Speakers: Mark Brooks OBE, Chairman of the Mankind Initiative and participant in the Domestic Abuse Bill Committee Briefing; Michael Bonello – Team Manager, Ealing Social Services; Dr Leonie Tanczer, Lead Researcher of the “Gender and Internet of Things” Project, Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP), University College London4) THE NEW NORMAL: Dr Amy Kellam, Associate Research Fellow, IALS.
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LIBRARY, INFORMATION AND RESEARCH SERVICES REPORT 2019-20 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The effects of the IALS building closure in mid-March 2020
The sudden closure of all the University of London buildings in mid-March 2020 because of the UK Government’s Coronavirus lockdown restrictions had major effects on IALS Library services. Initially we were forced to close access to all onsite library services and the print national collections. In turn this building closure adversely impacted on our 2019/20 physical library visits, book loans, interlibrary loans service and our commercial Document Supply service. On the positive side, the library teams were very creative and exceptionally busy in adjusting to new ways of working while continuing to offer and expand e-resources and services remotely. Since mid- March the Information Resources team have ensured continuing access to an expanded number of legal e-resources for library readers to access remotely, and these sterling efforts are shown in the increase in usage to 971,323 page views as compared with 958,301 in the previous year, with increased remote usage of eBooks a key factor. The Academic Services team have staffed our virtual Library Admissions Desk, new virtual “LibChat” service and virtual Reference Desk throughout the week, and these services have shown increases in usage too with the number of readers admitted to full library membership up slightly at 4,779 compared with 4,724 in the previous year and the number of reference enquiries up at 988 compared with 832 in the previous year. To assist legal researchers working remotely, library staff also quickly created a useful guide to free open access legal resources: https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/openfreeresources/oa and expanded our set of library jurisdictional and subject guides: https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/guides/jurisdictions. In total our “LibGuides” were opened 191,444 times in 2019/20, compared to 106,360 times in the previous year. IALS research tools such as BAILII: https://www.bailii.org/, the Eagle-I Portal for Law: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/digital/ials-digital- resources/eagle-i-internet-portal-law, the Foreign Law Guide: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/digital/ials- digital-resources/eagle-i-internet-portal-law and the Current Legal Research Topics database: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/clrt-current-legal-research-topics-database) were also in demand with BAILII page views increasing from over 67 million in 2018/19 to over 80 million in 2019/20. In addition, our one-to-one reference advice training sessions and other onsite training programmes were quickly switched and offered to researchers online via Teams: https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/training and https://ials.sas.ac.uk/library/library-services/ials- online-training. Staff also produced a podcast on online resources from IALS Library, while the IALS Digital team produced a guide on recording a podcast. All of these expanded legal e-resources and new virtual library support services were explained and promoted via a weekly information email to all library readers and via our social media accounts. Indeed, the latter services saw an increase in usage during 2019/20. The monthly IALS Library online newsletters also continued to keep readers up to date.
Once the University gave us permission to re-open the IALS building and the strict University health and safety protocols were fully implemented, from July 2020 readers were be able to borrow and return loanable IALS Library books onsite at 17 Russell Square using our new “Click, Collect & Return” book loan service: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/library/new-click-collect-return-service. This service increased borrowing privileges markedly to 10 books over 4 weeks for both main collection and short loan collection books for all library academic members. IALS also sourced and purchased as many eBook alternatives to printed short loan books as possible which may partly 16
explain the decline in book loans. From early August 2020 we then resumed limited access to our commercial IALS Document Supply Service and offered our own SAS students a new book and journal Scanning service: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/scanning-service-find-out-how-it-works. Finally, from September 2020 readers were able to make an online booking for a “socially distanced” study desk on the 3rd floor or 4th floor within the IALS Library at 17 Russell Square. Once inside the Library, readers were also able to browse our extensive national law collections on the 3rd floor and 4th floor and/or request books and non-borrowing materials to be fetched by library staff from the library floor L2 and library floor L3 to consult at their booked study desk. Self-service photocopiers / scanners were also made available for readers.
The transformation of the IALS building: meeting the needs of our users
The iconic IALS building at 17 Russell Square has been truly transformed by the successful University of London building project to meet the current and future needs of our users. The major phase of the two-year £11.5 million project was completed on time and on budget in early March 2020 and has significantly re-designed and refurbished the IALS academic and research areas on the 5th floor and the IALS Library floors below to make much better use of the space.
The work to re-design and refurbish the IALS academic and research areas on the 5th floor has created new and inspiring spaces for the Director, research staff, academic centres, Fellows and the supporting professional staff. Welcoming and stimulating spaces have also been created for our cohort of IALS PhD, MPhil and LLM students. Furthermore, new larger automated front doors and a new external lift have been installed at the main entrance to ensure complete accessibility to the building.
The University’s transformation project has also re-designed the IALS Library space and allowed us to introduce new library services to help us to meet the current and future needs of our library users. There is now a spacious and welcoming library entrance on the 2nd floor with natural light, uninterrupted views looking out over Russell Square and an exhibition space for displaying our rare books and archive collection. The entrance and exit gate systems have been replaced with up- to-date RFID technology-based library security equipment. New facilities and services for users such as a large group training room with increased capacity, two bookable “group study” rooms, a reference advice room for one-to-one training, an IT room with appropriate equipment and software for users with special needs, and a free self-issue “laptop for loans” service have all been created. Library research carrels for senior researchers and visiting fellows have been re-designed and increased to a total of 38. Secondary glazing to reduce the impact of outside traffic noise and new Wi-Fi access points have been installed around the building on all library floors. Across the library space there are 50 additional study desk spaces and more casual seating areas which have significantly increased seating capacity, and new modern desks and adjustable chairs have replaced the old furniture throughout the library. Finally, a new sophisticated cooling and heating system has been installed on the roof of the building which will give us more control over the temperatures in the library reading rooms.
For the remaining minor phase of works an additional £300,000 funding has been raised by the University of London’s Development Office from private donations. These donations will now be used to complete the refurbishment of the ground floor, the archive room, and the lower library floors. It is hoped that this remaining work will be undertaken whilst the building is mainly closed because of the Coronavirus lockdown restrictions.
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On behalf of our current and future users and staff, IALS is very grateful to the University and to the private donors for their generous investment. We also applaud the sensitive and innovative redesign plans of Burwell Architects and their successful realisation by the University’s Capital Projects team and Overbury PLC. Finally, we wish to thank our staff, students and other library users for their continuing forbearance and good humour during our two-year transformation project. The firm consensus of all who have seen and used the new building and its new services and facilities is that they will serve us very well in meeting the needs of our users in the years to come.
2020 Library reader satisfaction surveys
Despite the ongoing major Library transformation project until early March 2020, the Library staff managed to maintain the high quality of its services and collections, and this was evidenced by the results of its 18th annual reader satisfaction survey in early March 2020. As usual the results were published via posters around the library and in the “You said, we did” Summary Report and in the Full Report and appendices: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/library/library-services/ials-library-reader- satisfaction-survey-2020. This report was also circulated widely to all library members and our other stakeholders. IALS is very pleased with these results, particularly the impressive 97.4% satisfaction rating and very positive comments for the newly transformed library space and new library services following the major two-year refurbishment project and the £11.5 million investment from the University of London. It is very reassuring to have evidence that our detailed plans for the new library space and the new library services are meeting reader expectations and needs.
The week-long survey in early March 2020 asked twenty-one questions of our readership. Here is a brief summary of the results:
IALS Transformation Project – Reader Satisfaction Results: Although we were initially concerned that the IALS Transformation Project building works might have a negative impact on this year’s survey results (as the works had been ongoing throughout much of the beginning of the 2019/20 academic year), we are very pleased to report that not only was there no general drop in reader satisfaction ratings, but that almost all the ratings improved.
The improved individual satisfaction ratings are mirrored by the high rating and very positive comments given in response to the new one-off survey questions which asked about the long- term and temporary effects of the major IALS Transformation Project. Readers were asked, firstly, to rate and comment on the permanently transformed library space and new library services, and secondly, to comment on how the temporary building works were handled in terms of keeping the noise and disruption to a minimum and communications. The reader satisfaction rating for the newly transformed library space was 97.4% which is very impressive. Almost all of the comments for the new library space were very positive and complimentary and can be read in Appendix A of the Full Survey Report. Here are a few examples:
“Very well laid out, and it is a better environment than ever in which to work.” “I come here to be productive and am always happy with the spaces available.” “Wonderfully quiet and the computers are excellent.” “Much more comfortable space, very happy with the improvement.” “Beautiful space.” “It is now a modern, extremely well-resourced study centre.”
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The comments on the handling of the building works were more mixed with some readers complaining about the inevitable noise. However, a majority seem to understand the reasons for the noise and disruption and the long-term benefits for readers and many complimented us on our temporary arrangements to keep the library open throughout the duration of the works. The full list of comments can be read in Appendix B of the Full Survey Report. Here are a few examples:
“Great, I believe. I always knew what was going on, either through Facebook or the info board at the entrance.” “Could have been worse. Builders always friendly and pleasant.” “There were a few insignificant noises. I sit mostly at the 3rd floor and it didn't really impact my study experience.” “Some serious noise issues, but this was inevitable. Otherwise excellent.” “The result has been worth any inconvenience.” “Was expecting it to have been much worse.”
Other Reader Satisfaction Survey Results: The top rating was for our research skills public training sessions at 98% (97% in 2019). The overall satisfaction rate increased to 97.5% (95.5% in 2019).
This year we had TEN satisfaction ratings above 90% which were for helpfulness of library staff at 96.6%, range of print journals at 96.6%, study facilities at 95.1%, range of electronic journals and databases at 94.7%, availability of PCs at 91.5%, range of books at 91.4%, ease of use of the library catalogue at 91.3% and closing times at 90.4% (as well as for our research skills public training sessions and for overall satisfaction). In 2019 we received eight satisfaction ratings above 90%.
We had SEVEN satisfaction ratings above 80%. These included opening times at 89.7%, quality of computing facilities at 88.9%, ease of access to e-resources at 88.4%, availability of photocopiers at 86.6%, study environment – noise at 86.1%, availability of printing at 83.9% and sufficient copies of LLM textbooks at 83.7%.
We continued to have ONE satisfaction rating above 70%, this was for study environment - heating at 76.5%. Even though this is the second highest mark we have ever received on this question, IALS Library is disappointed to note that the rating for heating has dropped slightly from last year’s record high mark. Part of the recent refurbishment project included the installation of a sophisticated new library heating and cooling system with onsite temperature controls, which we hoped would assist in our control over local temperatures in the reading rooms. Despite its introduction, the comments section shows that we do not always seem to have achieved a comfortable temperature over all floors of the library. However, this is counterbalanced by some respondents praising the heating levels within the library. Library staff will continue to monitor temperatures in the reading rooms as part of their regular patrols and will ask the supplier to review the working of the new system.
We continued to have ONE satisfaction rating above 60%, this was for the cost of copying, scanning and printing at 64.4%. This rating is higher than the 62.9% 2019 rating. Indeed, this rating has been improving steadily for a number of years.
Some positive comments made several times:
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“Wonderful, quiet place to conduct research – I always have a productive day at IALS.” (x 16) “Superb range of resources, the library has everything I need.” (x 15) “The helpful and polite staff are second to none!” (x 11) “Quite simply, an excellent library.” (x 8)
Other highlights during 2019/20
In a major project to improve security and data collection, RFID tagging was added to the majority of onsite stock during the early part of the year. 170,000 book and journal items were tagged, helping us to keep our print materials more secure, collect information on usage, and bringing IALS into line with other UK university libraries.
The Flare Group of major UK law libraries continued to meet, share information and discuss collaborative projects. Members include: IALS Library (Chair), British Library, Bodleian Law Library, University of Oxford, Inner Temple Library (representing the four Inns of Court libraries), SOAS Law Library, University of London, and Squire Law Library, University of Cambridge.
IALS Library continued to be responsible for the prestigious Society of Legal Scholars and British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL) research into UK academic law libraries. The survey is the only one of its kind and provides data to assist law libraries to benchmark their services.
David Gee was invited to join the University of London Federal Libraries Group as the SAS representative. The members of the group include all the Librarians of the London colleges and the SHL Librarian.
RESEARCH SERVICES
Institute Membership The major refurbishment of the library with its associated ongoing noise and disruption from August 2019 to March 2020 and the closure of the IALS building from mid-March 2020 onwards have affected the numbers registering with us in 2019/20. The number of readers admitted to full library membership was slightly up at 4,779 compared with 4,724 in the previous year (overall membership including temporary admissions was about the same at 5,343 compared with 5,383 in the previous year). The overall number of full admissions at 4,779 compares with 3,870 in 2006/07.
Use of Research Resources Despite the ongoing refurbishment until early March 2020 and the closure of the IALS building from mid-March 2020, registered users used us proportionately more than in the previous year with the overall number of physical visits to the library between October 2019 and mid- March 2020 at 52,299 (110,980 in 2019/20). The overall average daily visits decreased from 292 to 245, although this was based on a much-reduced sample than usual with a sharp decline in numbers in the week or so before we closed in mid-March. Book loans declined significantly from 20,884 to 7,714, mainly because we were closed from mid-March to July. However, it should be noted that borrowing privileges increased markedly to 10 books over 4 weeks for both main collection and short loan collection books across all library academic members from just before we closed in mid-March and from when we reopened the Click, Collect & Return book loan service from July. IALS also sourced and purchased as many eBook alternatives to printed Short Loan books as possible which may 20
partly explain the decline in book loans. There was also a marked decrease in the number of photocopied items supplied to researchers in other libraries via the British Library Inter-Library Loans scheme as the IALS building was closed. IALS continued to host BAILII, the British and Irish Legal Information Institute. Use of BAILII increased significantly by over 12 million page views to over 80 million page views and attracted over 14,452,531 visits. The use of commercial databases and eBooks increased to 971,333 page views (958,301 page views in the previous year). Remote access now accounts for more than half of the use of commercial electronic services, mainly because of the IALS building closure in mid-March. The Institute continued to licence and distribute two major databases, HeinOnline and LLMC Digital, to all members of the University of London law teaching colleges.
Workshops and Research Training IALS Library has developed a wide range of initiatives in legal information literacy from individual and group training sessions, to workshops combining library and academic expertise to demonstrate the range of research resources available. All these sessions continued to be very highly rated in the reader satisfaction survey, but the onsite sessions had to stop in mid-March 2020 when the IALS building closed because of the Government’s lockdown restrictions.
Research Training sessions: 2,393 attendees (2,559 in 2018/19) Research Training Online: 1,107 logs (1,189 logs in 2018/19) Induction Tours: 413 attendees (462 in 2018/19) Legal research guides (LibGuides): opened 191,444 times (106,360 times in 2018/19)
The library delivered research skills training sessions to a total of 2,393 attendees during 2019/20 continuing to develop the various sessions including those on online information for researchers and LLM students. During the spring and summer of 2020, library staff offered individual research advice sessions to LLM and MPhil/PhD students working on their dissertations. These are one-to-one advice sessions tailored to the individual student’s research needs, and normally last from 30 to 60 minutes, by appointment. Staff also offered one-to-one help with Microsoft Word and other document creation and management tools to LLM and MPhil/PhD students. After mid-March 2020 these one-to-one sessions were only offered virtually because of the IALS building closure. The total was 84 appointments which amounted to over 44 hours of staff time. IALS Library organised three IALS National Training Days for PhD students registered at universities across the UK: The PhD in Law and research methods; The PhD journey: Supervision, research ethics and preparing yourself for upgrade and vivas, and Researching, disseminating and publishing in the digital world. However, whilst the first two days were well- attended, the third day was cancelled because of the IALS building closure. The Access Librarian organised three successful roadshows and training presentations of the library’s national services and collections at the law faculties of Sussex University, Portsmouth University and the University of East Anglia. Two other scheduled roadshows had to be cancelled due to the lockdown. Library staff continued to teach on the intensive two-week ‘Introduction to Legal Research Methods’ course for new MPhil and PhD students and also taught parts of the assessed legal research methods module of the Institute’s LLM programmes. Two induction days devoted to University of London LLM students were organised during which 366 people were taken on introductory tours of the library and over the year a total of 21
413 readers took tours. The library significantly updated 11 of our freely available online “LibGuides” to legal literature which assist with legal research: Law databases guide; EU law; Foreign, Comparative and international law collections; French law; Hong Kong law; Keeping up-to-date with the law; Legal research guide; law in the Nordic countries; Public international law; South African law and United Nations law. In addition, three completely new legal research guides were developed on Data protection and privacy law; a guide to podcasting and online legal resources. In total these LibGuides were opened 191,444 times as compared to 106,360 times in 2018/19. The library continued to update our online legal research modules for the Law PORT service, as part of the Postgraduate Online Research Training platform managed by the School of Advanced Study. During 2019/20 four online modules were freely offered to researchers and there were 1,107 logs (1,189 logs in 2018/19): o Introduction to citing references using OSCOLA; o Researching customary international law; o Treaties and international conventions; o Judicial Decisions in International Law The Electronic Law Library was further enhanced by creating and updating key information buttons for most of the library’s major electronic resources. The library continued to email a library newsletter 3 times per year for law schools and law libraries and a monthly information email was sent to all library members (this was increased to a weekly library information update after mid-March 2020 when the IALS building closed because of the lockdown). IALS also communicated with users via the IALS Blog, Twitter account and Facebook page.
LLM Services IALS Library continued to provide comprehensive library support and a dedicated LLM Services Librarian for college based LLM programmes of the University of London. The number of postgraduate taught course law students admitted under service level agreements with University of London colleges declined slightly from 1,743 to 1,632, partly because of the temporary disincentive of the ongoing noise and disruption of the refurbishment works which were completed in early March 2020. In addition, the IALS building closed from mid-March 2020 onwards because of the COVID-19 pandemic which prevented LLM students from visiting the library onsite to consult our extensive non-borrowing print materials such as foreign legislation, law reports and digests. Liaison was maintained between IALS library, college law librarians and individual law teachers, collecting and checking reading lists and developing the collections according to their recommendations. The library organised two dedicated induction days for University of London LLM students, welcoming and registering new students, providing lectures and giving tours; senior library staff also participated at the induction programmes for postgraduate law students in the colleges. The training sessions described in the previous section again proved extremely popular among LLM students.
Subscription Services The service continues to be valuable to a large range of law firms, law chambers, and government lawyers but the volume of document supply continued to decline mainly because foreign governments are making more of their legislation and other official publications freely available over the web. Across the year the total number of items supplied and the total number of sheets of copy supplied declined mainly due to the closure of the service because of 22
the lockdown restrictions from mid-March. However, the total amount of commercial income raised by the service for investment into the library is still significant. To maintain income levels, a review of the costs of the service was undertaken in the autumn term. Service expenditure has been reduced as the Library Assistant within the section is now half-time instead of full-time. Lauren Cummings, Document Supply Service Supervisor, left IALS in February 2020. Since then the University has frozen recruitment, including this post, and we are not permitted to recruit a replacement for the time being.
INFORMATION RESOURCES The Information Resources team had another productive year despite being below full complement because Eleanor Dale (Senior Library Assistant in the serials section) left the library to go travelling in February 2020 and we were not permitted by the University to replace her for the time being. Also, several staff were furloughed from mid-March 2020. Nevertheless, a serials colleague from IHR Library, Mette Lund, was permitted to join IALS from March 2020 for one day per week, to help with the processing of invoices and claims. Also, a previous Graduate Trainee Library Assistant, Katharine Radford, was permitted to assist in the serials section on a casual basis. In a major project to improve security and data collection, RFID tagging was added to the majority of onsite stock during the early part of the year. 170,000 book and journal items were tagged, helping us to keep our print materials more secure, collect information on usage, and bringing IALS into line with other UK university libraries. Although no one could have foreseen the events arising from the Coronavirus pandemic, the Library’s focus in recent years on developing our subscription e-resources, purchasing additional eBooks packages and improving discoverability, enabled us to be well placed to support readers remotely during the closure of the IALS building from mid-March 2020. In this unprecedented situation, the team also redoubled its efforts in a short space of time, to widen offsite coverage where possible and to purchase new e-resources. This included identifying online availability for high-demand Short Loan Collection books and other key titles and exploring new suppliers to support the increased number of ad hoc eBook requests. During the year, more than 1,100 new eBook titles were added to the library catalogue, including: Hart eBook collections for 2019 and 2020; Brill International Law and Human rights and humanitarian law eBook collections for 2019; Elgar Encyclopedia of Private International Law; and Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. All these eBooks are available in full text onsite and offsite to all our library academic members, our widest group of users. The team also enabled easier discoverability of all eBook packages by adding individual title level records for all eBooks to our library catalogue. From March to August 2020, the team took the opportunity to organise many trials of new e- resources for our library members to try out while working offsite, including: Bloomsbury Collections: Law; Cambridge Textbooks; ElgarOnline; Kluwer Law e-journals; Kluwer Digital Book platform; Kluwer Arbitration; Oxford Investment Claims; Oxford Competition Law; Oxford Legal Research Library; Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies; Oxford Politics Trove and Oxford Law Trove. In addition to these new eBook packages, we also continued to subscribe to Cambridge Core law eBooks, Oxford Scholarship Online for Law, Oxford Public International Law, Oxford Scholarly Authorities in International Law, i-law and LLMC Digital e-books, which are all listed in the library catalogue with direct title level links to ensure easy discoverability and available remotely to all academic users. For IALS staff and students only, we continue to subscribe to Westlaw eBooks, which can be accessed offsite as well as onsite.
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New online resources have been purchased in response to requests, from IALS LLM students and University of London college LLM students, such as the Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law via HeinOnline for LSE and an additional Beck German database module as requested by an academic at QMUL. The library continued to provide strong research collections and maintained its national role as library of last resort for printed legal materials. This year, the focus for review and development of the foreign monograph collections was on Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. Print materials added to the collections included a large number of serial gifts and monograph gifts, many kindly donated by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). The Reclassification Project continued with a focus on weeding open shelf materials. A project to move older sets of law reports to the closed depository to create more expansion space in the 3rd floor reading room was completed. In October 2019, staff represented IALS at the History Day, where the theme was “Diversity in Collections”. Staff were able to showcase materials from the IALS Library collection and archives relating to the education and admission to the profession of early female Commonwealth lawyers, and responded to a number of enquiries from researchers about the IALS collections. During the Library closure, the team successfully managed the Library’s national print and e- resources remotely in the face of lockdown-related disruption with suppliers and delivery, while supporting an increased demand from users for offsite access. Ordering, payments and records maintenance activities have continued remotely, as the team devises new ways of working virtually. The team also took the opportunity to undertake a number of useful housekeeping and administrative tasks, such as checking the entire library catalogue of active print serials titles and claiming issues not received. They also continued to add catalogue links to catalogue records for the large number of e-resources (particularly new eBooks) purchased during the year.
Archives Clare Cowling joined IALS as Archivist in August 2019. Her first task was to list and accession a large quantity of material which had built up in both the Archives Office and L204. Once this was done, she de-accessioned 15 linear metres of records with no historical value. She then began negotiations with depositors for new agreements. This activity was interrupted due to the lockdown and the IALS building closure in mid-March 2020, as most material relating to prior agreements will have to be checked onsite before new agreements are issued. Clare answered 35 enquiries, 9 internal from University of London staff and the remainder external enquiries (primarily from academic researchers with some genealogists). In addition, 22 enquiries were received after the Library’s closure; 14 of these await completion on re- opening. Most requests were for material from the International Law Association (ILA) and the Council of Legal Education, followed by Bar Council and Law Society (LSOC) records. The externally funded projects to catalogue and process ILA and SLS (Society of Law Scholars) records commenced in September 2019. Zoe Karens, the project archivist, had completed the ILA work and was beginning the SLS work when the lockdown struck in mid-March 2020 and she was placed on furlough leave. She should complete the work by the end of 2020. During the IALS building closure, Clare began work on the numerous documents required for accreditation of the IALS Archives with The National Archives. She also commenced negotiations with Ancestry for the digitisation of LSOC examinations records. She additionally updated all Archives catalogues to a new standard format. 24
IALS DIGITAL
The work of IALS Digital continued a portfolio of digital initiatives in support of digital legal scholarship. The coronavirus pandemic, temporary closure of the Institute building and the required lockdown period highlighted the importance of our digital resources in delivering services at a distance to our local, national and international legal research communities. Narayana Harave was appointed as the IALS Digital Manager and Sandy Dutczak was recruited to a revised post as IALS Digital Projects and Publications Manager, commencing work at IALS from October 2020 following delays caused by the pandemic.
Open Access Publishing To maintain and develop our open access books and journals during the extended recruitment process the former IALS Digital Manager, Steven Whittle was employed on a part-time Consultancy basis and on a voluntary basis during the lockdown. The IALS Open Book Service for Law Editorial Board again provided valuable assistance in the review of manuscripts and potential submissions for publication.
“OBserving Law”, the IALS Open book Service for Law, continued to develop as part of the School of Advanced Study’s Humanities Digital Library working in partnership with the University of London Press in SAS. The law books were again amongst the most popular titles in the open book digital service.
Working with the University of London press, Steven Whittle curated the publication in May 2020 of the Clinical Legal Education Handbook edited by Linden Thomas and Nick Johnson. Clinical Legal Education (CLE) is the study of law through real or simulated casework – a learning experience which enables students to participate in practical legal situations, to be involved in the law in action, and reflect on their experiences. The CLE Handbook is intended to act as a good practice guide and practical resource for those engaged in the design and delivery of clinical legal education programmes at University law schools. It has been written by academic and professional lawyers, clinicians and 3rd party sector partners. It shares best practices and experience from law schools where the law students gain supervised practical experience in pro bono legal advice centres, assisting the local communities and helping deliver access to justice. The IALS Open Book Service for Law was delighted to work with the editors and contributing authors on this important open access publication. The CLE Handbook will help all UK University law schools, those operating clinics already and those considering a clinical legal education approach and will contribute to furthering social justice and public benefit. The CLE Handbook rapidly became a leading title in the Humanities Digital library (with over 4,500 views and downloads at time of writing). There has also been very welcome interest from scholarly legal associations overseas, resulting in agreement on the future production of translated versions. Very useful discussions were held with the Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) on the potential for a collaborative open access book publishing arrangement which would see the IALS Open Book Service for Law handling print on demand print versions of selected titles from the AustLII Communities Book Series. A pilot project to test the feasibility and mutual benefit of the idea has been agreed. Publishing Agreement documents and a potential Memorandum Agreement for a broader collaborative publishing arrangement have been drafted and a possible pilot title has been identified for print on demand production through Observing Law and the University of London Press. 25
Work continued with Dr Virginie Rouas, winner of the IALS PhD Thesis Book prize, on the development of her manuscript, Achieving Access to Justice in the Business and Human Rights Context. Publication is planned for 2021. Publishing agreements were finalised and signed copies were exchanged with the editors and contributing authors for Electronic Evidence and Electronic Signatures 5th edition edited Stephen Mason and Daniel Seng for publication in 2021. Promotion of the established OBserving Law titles continued, including production of a promotional flyer for Legal Records at Risk: A strategy for safeguarding our legal heritage by Clare Cowling.
Content continued to be added to the IALS journals in the School’s Open Journals platform.
IALS launched Series 2 of Amicus Curiae, the journal of the Society of Advanced Legal Studies. Amicus Curiae is a peer reviewed journal that aims to promote scholarship and research that involves academics, the legal profession and those involved in the administration of law. Amicus Curiae is freely available online as an open access journal under the guidance of the new Editor, Professor Michael Palmer of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Three issues were published during the year featuring articles and shorter pieces including Notes, Case Notes and Book Reviews. Arrangements were made with the University of London Press on handling print versions of occasional special issues of Amicus Curiae. All remaining past issues of Amicus Curiae Series 1 were made freely available in PDF format in the Open Journals system. The IALS Digital team also produced and published the full annual issue of the Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review volume 16, 2019 (comprising 16 items including articles, case translations, summary of legislation) and undertook preparatory work on advance access articles and items for volume 17, 2020. Lindsey Caffin introduced an electronic signatures blog posts feature on the IALS web page for Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review. Narayana Harave continued ongoing work with the IALS PhD researchers and other members of the journal’s Editorial team to publish a new issue of the IALS Student Law Review during the year.
Further additions were made to the IALS collections in the SAS-Space open access research repository.
Digitisation projects David Gee continued positive discussions between IALS Library, Lincoln’s Inn Library, LLMC Digital, and BAILII on potential collaborative digitisation initiatives including the potential digitation of the complete set of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council papers and possible digitisation of some of the rare materials in the IALS Library collections.
BAILII, the British and Irish Legal Information Institute (http://www.bailii.org), based at IALS, continued to develop its huge website of free-to-Internet legal materials and extend its coverage. The service attracted over 14.4 million visits compared to 11.4 million in the previous year and over 80 million page views (over 12 million more than the previous year). It was by far the most heavily used free resource for academic law libraries in the UK according to the annual survey conducted by IALS for SLS and BIALL. The Institute is working increasingly closely with BAILII as its IALS Digital services develop to provide resilience and a sustainable development path.
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LawPORT. The library continued to update our online legal research modules for the Law PORT service, as part of the Postgraduate Online Research Training platform managed by the School of Advanced Study. During 2019/20 four online modules were freely offered to researchers and there were 1,107 logs (1,189 logs in 2018/19): Introduction to citing references using OSCOLA; Researching customary international law; Treaties and international conventions; Judicial Decisions in International Law
Information Systems Development and promotion of web resources, national online legal research tools, skills training programmes, and consultancy have again been key activities. The IALS Digital team also continued their successful combined operation and development of systems at IALS and its library, including the new Sierra Library Management System where much work was done on improving the local use of the shared Sierra system and on the Encore Discovery catalogue, including testing of new software releases. They also provided immediate responses to Fellows, staff and researchers in need of technical assistance.
The team contributed significantly to the Institute’s staff being able to work remotely during the lockdown and very quickly put into place new systems. These included: o Sourcing, testing and configuring new software systems which facilitated new key remote library services such as “LibChat” and the study desk booking software “LibCal”. o Designing and building a new online student-library registration system. o Testing and training colleagues to deliver online training sessions via Teams and Zoom. o Contributing IT solutions to help safely reopen the library in July 2020. o Promoting IALS activities through social media, podcasts, blogs, videos and weekly newsletter emails and training other IALS staff in how to create new podcasts and videos.
The IALS Digital team also undertook essential maintenance of IALS in-house free national databases.
IALS social media The IALS blog http://ials.blogs.sas.ac.uk/, IALS Facebook page and Twitter feed continued to grow in popularity. IALS also maintains the blog for the Legal Records at Risk project http://lrar.blogs.sas.ac.uk/, the blog from the Information Law and Policy Centre, and the blog for the W G Hart Legal Workshop. Selected events continued to be videoed and posted to YouTube and other channels and recorded usage increased considerably in 2019/20.
TRAINING FOR LEGAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
The Institute continued to play a major role in training law librarians for the UK, hosting a graduate trainee post, and welcoming staff from other law libraries for informal visits and tours. The in- house training programme for new IALS Library staff and other law librarians continued and newly appointed law librarians from the British Library and the Inns of Court libraries attended the programme.
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Research Services: Statistics …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Table 1: Use of the Library 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 Average Daily Visits (Oct 19 - mid-Mar 20) Autumn and part-Spring Term only 285 296 278 Christmas Vacation only 205 284 245 Overall 245 292 267 Turnstile Count of Visits 52,299 110,980 101,943
Table 2: Information Retrieval Services IALS WEB SITE & DATABASES Page Views 431,180 665,212 1,263,449* Number of Visitors 92,158 196,736 368,611*
BAILII (hosted by IALS) Page Views 80,197,500 67,478,015 59,265,134 Visits 14,452,531 11,466,005 10,250,960
OPEN PUBLISHING INITIATIVES IALS Open Book Service 10,317 12,786 11,089 IALS Open Journals 2,391,577** 2,309,983** 2,300,334** SAS-Space e-repository (IALS section) 92,164 101,979 299,421 IALS ONLINE DATABASES (selected) Archives 3,213 672 4,060* CLRT – Current Legal Research Topics 4,290 3,453 5,753* Eagle-I – IALS law gateway 20,905 4,420 9,238* Electronic Law Library 22,487 20,815 30,458* IALS library catalogue 49,758 88,794 119,942* Law PORT 1,107 1,189 1,179 LibGuides 191,444 106,360 64,478
IALS SOCIAL MEDIA IALS Blogs 21,785 17,720 14,643 IALS Facebook ‘lifetime likes’ 4,956 4,845 4,654 IALS Twitter Followers 3,155 2,701 2,088 IALS Videos YouTube 36,387 28,105 2,366
*These 2017-18 usage figures are generated from webserver log files. From 2018-19 SAS decided to use Google Analytics to generate the usage figures. **”Life time” views and downloads. COMMERCIAL ONLINE SERVICES (selected)
Databases 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 Beck Online 14,689 23,805 35,306 HeinOnline 67,703 61,139 45,389 IBFD Online 342,170 173,626 104,555 iLaw 48,160 51,768 123,404 28
Justis 11,437 22,509 15,076 Lexis AU Casebase 26 1,020 3,143 Lexis Library 47,101 132,379 155,811 LexisNexis Juris Classeur 90 969 3,143 LLMC Digital 6,786 10,747 5,889 Max Planck Encyclopedia PIL 6,940 6,886 2,813 Oxford Scholar – Law 23,787 41,340 6,850 SCC Online (India) 1,971 29,044 14,221 Times Digital Archive 979 1,565 197 Westlaw UK 38,299 82,423 113,012 Other databases (e.g. ORIL, Sabinet) 8,996 9,342 15,541
Electronic books and journals Brill 19,415 14,071 7,355 Cambridge Core 90,470 106,443 92,249 Le Doctrinal 9 227 498 EBSCO 3,346 31,070 12,329 Elgar Online 25,543 7,443 8,136 Index to Legal Periodicals accessed via EBSCO Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals accessed via HeinOnline JSTOR 45,976 62,954 48,974 Kluwer Law 53,064 14,884 19,702 Oxford Journals 27,786 4,566 6,011 Proquest 3,865 12,414 7,503 Taylor & Francis 2,411 2,594 4,087 Sage Journals 328 2,583 1,431 Wiley 1,738 2,685 3,148 Other electronic books and journals 79,231 39,642 8,306 Total usage 971,323 958,301 867,358
Table 3: Loans (Oct 19 - mid-Mar 20) Main Collection 5,870 17,613 18,229 Short Loan Collection 1,469 2,296 3,484 Closed Stack Collection 374 971 1,260 Offsite Store Collection 1 4 3 Total 7,714 20,884 22,976
Table 4: Inter-Library Loans (Oct 19 - mid-Mar 20) 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 Requests from other Libraries Volumes lent 1 6 4 Photocopies supplied: No. of items 23 67 69 No. of sheets 310 608 755 Requests made by IALS 1 2 4
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Table 5: Telephone & Email Enquiries Source of Enquiry Academic 771 590 558 UK government departments 3 3 2 Overseas governments and IGOs. 0 4 9 Legal profession: Barristers 28 37 37 Solicitors 123 100 78 Overseas lawyers 3 1 4 Other Professions 12 7 14 Commercial institutions 17 29 5 Public libraries, charities & miscellaneous 31 61 47 Total 988 832 754
Table 6: Distance Services Enquiries Telephone 11 27 50 Fax 0 3 0 Email 547 909 920 In person 0 0 1 Total enquiries 558 939 971
Document Supply Service (Oct 19 - mid-Mar 20) Items emailed 552 962 1,099 Items faxed 2 30 20 Total items supplied 554 992 1,119
Sheets of copy supplied 9,192 15,909 20,795
Table 7: Research Training and library tours
Research Training sessions: 2,393 attendees (2,559 in 2018/19) Research Training Online: 1,107 logs (1,189 logs in 2018/19) Induction Tours: 413 attendees (462 in 2018/19) Legal research guides (LibGuides): opened 191,444 times (106,360 times in 2018/19)
The library delivered research skills training sessions to a total of 2,393 attendees during 2019/20 continuing to develop the various sessions including those on electronic information for researchers and LLM students. During the spring and summer of 2020, library staff offered individual research advice sessions to LLM and MPhil/PhD students working on their dissertations. These are one-to-one advice sessions tailored to the individual student’s research needs, and normally last from 30 to 60 minutes, by appointment. Staff also offered one-to-one help with Microsoft Word and other document creation and management tools to LLM and MPhil/PhD students. After mid-March 2020 these one-to-one sessions were only offered virtually because of the IALS building closure. The total was 84 appointments which amounted to over 44 hours of staff time. IALS Library organised three IALS National Training Days for PhD students registered at universities across the UK: The PhD in Law and research methods; The PhD journey: 30
Supervision, research ethics and preparing yourself for upgrade and vivas, and Researching, disseminating and publishing in the digital world. However, whilst the first two days were well- attended, the third day was cancelled because of the IALS building closure. The Access Librarian organised three successful roadshows and training presentations of the library’s national services and collections at the law faculties of Sussex University, Portsmouth University and the University of East Anglia. Two other scheduled roadshows had to be cancelled due to the Coronavirus pandemic. Library staff continued to teach on the intensive two-week ‘Introduction to Legal Research Methods’ course for new MPhil and PhD students and also taught parts of the assessed legal research methods module of the Institute’s LLM programmes. With this development the library’s contribution becomes part of the formal IALS academic programmes and gives it more value and significance. Two induction days devoted to University of London LLM students were organised during which 366 people were taken on introductory tours of the library and over the year a total of 413 readers took tours. The library significantly updated 11 of our freely available online “LibGuides” to legal literature which assist with legal research: Law databases guide; EU law; Foreign, Comparative and international law collections; French law; Hong Kong law; Keeping up-to-date with the law; Legal research guide; law in the Nordic countries; Public international law; South African law and United Nations law. In addition, three completely new legal research guides were developed on Data protection and privacy law; a guide to podcasting and online legal resources. In total these LibGuides were opened 191,444 times as compared to 106,360 times in 2018/19. The library continued to update our online legal research modules for the Law PORT service, as part of the Postgraduate Online Research Training platform managed by the School of Advanced Study. During 2019/20 four online modules were freely offered to researchers and there were 1,107 logs (1,189 logs in 2018/19): o Introduction to citing references using OSCOLA; o Researching customary international law; o Treaties and international conventions; o Judicial Decisions in International Law The library continued to email a library newsletter 3 times per year for law schools and law libraries and a monthly information email was sent to all library members (this was increased to a weekly library information update after mid-March 2020 when the IALS building closed because of the lockdown). IALS also communicated with users via the IALS Blog, Twitter account and Facebook page.
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Institute Membership: Statistics ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Table 1: Admissions The overall figure for admissions to full Institute membership was 4,779 compared with 4,724 in the previous year (overall membership including temporary admissions was 5,343 compared with 5,383 in the previous year). The details are set out below.
FULL ADMISSION TICKETS - INDIVIDUAL
IALS special categories Members and former members of the Advisory Council and its committees; other honorary users of the Library 4 (4)
Teachers of law and legal research staff . University of London 1,108 (940) . Other UK universities and academic research institutes; Inns of Court School of Law and College of Law 439 (369) . Overseas academic institutions 423 (378) 1,970 (1,689) Teachers and research staff in subjects other than law . University of London 279 (273) . Other UK academic institutions 13 (12) . Overseas academic institutions 0 (0) 292 (285) Postgraduate law students of the University of London . MPhil/PhD 174 (238) . LLM (including Distance learning LLM) 1,632 (1,743) . MA 41 (57) . University Postgraduate Diploma in Law 4 (1) . School or College Diploma or Certificate 19 (12) . Other UL non-degree students attending an LLM course 15 (7) 1,885 (2,058) Postgraduate law students at other institutions . Other UK universities & academic research institutes 180 (191) . Overseas academic institutions 50 (86) 230 (277)
Postgraduate students of subjects other than law . University of London 262 (258) . Other UK academic institutions 2 (3) . Overseas academic institutions 0 (0)
264 (261) Non-teaching staff and other researchers . UL academic-related library and admin staff 34 (43) . Other UL library, admin and technical staff 6 (2) . Other researchers 18 (34) 58 (79)
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Group arrangements . IALS non-degree courses 0 (16) . Other UL non-degree courses 0 (0) . US law schools 53 (37) 53 (53)
Other individual users (incl. SALS Honorary Fellows) 23 (20)
Total number of full individual admissions 4,779 (4,724)
ADMISSION TICKETS - INSTITUTIONAL Library Subscription Scheme Subscribers 134 (134)
TEMPORARY ADMISSIONS . Short term 390 (467) . One-day tickets 61 (58)
Total number of temporary admissions 451 (525)
Table 2: Country of Origin of Postgraduate Students [compiled at a later date]
Table 3: Registered Courses of Postgraduate Students [compiled at a later date]
Information Resources: Statistics ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Table 1: Total Stock 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18
Books & pamphlets 116,444 115,763 115,444 Serials 183,552 182,796 181,496
Total 299,996 298,559 296,940
Non-Book Material total* 15,981 15,981 16,011
Overall total stock 315,977 314,540 312,951
*converted to volume equivalents on the basis used by the American Association of Law Schools: 1 roll microfilm = 5 vols, 6 microfiches = 1 vol., 1 cassette = 1 vol.
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Table 2: Annual Rate of Acquisition
BOOKS & PAMPHLETS By purchase 320 1,188 712 By gift 459 97 73
Total acquired 779 1,285 785 Withdrawals 98 966 780
Net book additions 681 319 5* *During the year the Library carried out a project to withdraw ephemeral material
SERIALS by purchase 642 1,005 1,043 By gift 114 295 48 By exchange 0 __0 0
Total acquired 756 1,300 1,091
Withdrawals 0 __0 __25
Net serial additions 756 1,300 1,066
BOOKS AND SERIALS COMBINED Total volumes acquired 1,535 2,585 1,876 Total withdrawals 98 966 805
Total net additions 1,437 1,619 1,071
Table 3: Current Serial Titles 2019-20 2018-19 2017-18 Periodical titles added 0 2 1 Periodical Titles cancelled or ceased 15 __2 22 Net additions -15 0 -21
No. of titles duplicated 20 20 30
Periodical titles 2,555 2,570 2,570 Book serial titles 181 __181 181
Total current serial titles 2,736 2,751 2,751
Table 4: Current Electronic Resources (each may incorporate several thousand titles) Electronic databases 11 11 11 Electronic journals collections 259 259 257 Electronic recurrent books 7,216 6,116 5,022 Electronic primary resources 64 64 63 34
CD-ROMs Stand-alone 109 106 114 Networked 0 __0 0
Total CD-ROMs 109 106 114
Total DVDs 10 14 14
Table 5: Archives Metres of Archives 264 279 249
Table 6: Cataloguing New records 2,185 3,884 4,605
Records edited 51,966* 49,659* 40,397* *This figure is partly due to the addition of new e-resources.
Original cataloguing 940* 604 380 *Reflects progress with cataloguing recent gifts
Table 7: Binding VOLUMES (COVERS if different) Books & pamphlets 0 0 4 Serials 172 (306) 263 (239) 297 (374)
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Overseas Academic Visitors 2019-2020
Country Name University
Algeria Prof Smail Benheffaf University of Djelfa Dr Slimane Laroussi University of Djelfa
Australia Dr Scott Stephenson University of Melbourne
Brazil Prof Marcelo Feital Pontifical Catholic Unv. of Rio de Janeiro
China Prof PeiYu He Chongqing University
Cyprus Dr Ioanna Hadjiyianni University of Cyprus Dr Nicholas Ioannides University of Nicosia
Ethiopia Dr Mihreteab Taye Ethiopian Civil Service University
Germany Prof Dr Gerhard Dannemann Humboldt University of Berlin Dr Federica Sona Max Planck Institute
Ireland Prof John McCutcheon University of Limerick Dr William Phelan Trinity College Dublin
Israel Dr Yair Sagy University of Haifa
Italy Prof Rita Lombardi University if Naples Federico II Prof Federico Mazzacuva University of Milano-Bicocca
Japan Prof Emiko Ariga Meiji University Prof Kazuaki Harada Rikkyo University Prof Namhee Kwon Kansai University
Malaysia Dr Mahyuddin Daud International Islamic University
Netherlands Dr Hanna Schebesta Wageningen University Prof Dr Antoinette Schrauwen University of Amsterdam Dr Josephine Van Zeben Wageningen University
Poland Prof Dr Karolina Cern Adam Mickiewicz University Dr Maciej Czerwinski University of Gdansk Dr Lukasz Cora University of Gdansk Mr Jacek Sokolowski Jagiellonian University
Portugal Prof Jorge Brito Pereira Catholic University of Portugal
Russia Mr Marc Polonsky Pericles Centre Int. Legal Education
Saudi Arabia Dr Essam Alghamdi King Saud University
Singapore Mr Nelson Goh National University of Singapore
South Africa Prof Francois Du Toit University of the Western Cape
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Spain Prof Angeles Barrere Unzueta University of the Basque Country Prof Juan María Martínez Otero University of Valencia
Turkey Ms Ayse Altiparmak Anadolu University Ms Aybike Yilmaz Istanbul University
USA Prof. Philip Boxell Temple University Dr Greg Conti Princeton University
NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Lindsey Caffin is studying for an LLB with University of London Worldwide as a distance learner. She continued to represent IALS on the University of London Sustainability Group.
Clare Cowling has been employed as IALS Archivist on a part-time basis, working one day a week, since August 2019. In addition as an Associate Research Fellow of IALS and an experienced researcher and archivist/records manager, Clare has continued her research project into private sector records in Oxfordshire which may be at risk, under the supervision of Professor William Twining and funded by the UCL Department of Laws. The project seeks to design a model methodology for identifying private sector records of value which have not been deposited in an established archives by investigating records in one designated area, Oxfordshire. It follows on from, and is associated with, the Legal Records at Risk (LRAR) project, running from 2015-2019, which concentrated on locating private sector legal records at risk, finding out why they are at risk, prioritising the categories most at risk and seeking both practical and strategic solutions. A report on Phase 1 of the Oxfordshire records project was published by the IALS in August 2019 and is available here: https://ials.sas.ac.uk/library/archives/legal-records-risk-lrar-project/lrar-research- surveys . Phase II of the project commenced in January 2020 and will continue until December. This second phase comprises an in-depth survey and analysis of Oxfordshire local history groups and community archives and the issues they face around sustainability, particularly in the light of the Coronavirus pandemic. Clare also seeks to provide some practical suggestions as to how these issues can be, if not solved, at least understood and mitigated.
Lauren Cummings, Document Supply Service Supervisor, left IALS in February 2020. Since then the University has frozen recruitment, including this post, and we are not permitted to recruit a replacement for the time being.
Eleanor Dale, Senior Library Assistant in the Serial section, left IALS in February 2020. Since then the University has frozen recruitment, including this post, and we are not permitted to recruit a replacement for the time being. In the meantime, we have employed Mette Lund from IHR Library on one day a week and Katharine Radford is providing some casual cover.
Stephen Davison was awarded a Postgraduate Diploma in Information Studies and Librarianship from UCL.
Mano Ganeser, Library Assistant in the Document Supply Service section, was reduced to half-time working from December 2019.
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David Gee was elected as a member of the Board of the non-profit US consortium LLMC Digital, http://llmc.com. He was invited to join the University of London Federal Libraries Group as the SAS representative (the members of the group include all the Librarians of the London colleges and the SHL Librarian). He was again responsible for the IALS “How to get a PhD in Law” national training days programme. He continued to be Chair of the FLARE Group of major UK law libraries. He continued as Secretary of the International Association of Law Libraries (IALL) and to serve as Chair of the IALL Scholarships Committee and as a member of the IALL Finance Committee. With Laura Griffiths, he continued to manage the annual survey of academic law libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Laura Griffiths continued as a joint compiler of the Legal Information Management current awareness column. She again contributed to the annual survey of academic law libraries in the UK and Ireland and facilitated research skills training for Queen Mary University of London LLM students in Paris and Piraeus.
Narayana Harave was promoted to the post of IALS Digital Manager in January 2020. He represents IALS on the University’s Enterprise Architecture Group, the University’s Library Operations Group, the SAS-Space Working Group, and the SHL Digital Development Group.
Shaun Heaney was the Graduate Trainee Library Assistant from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020.
Liz Murray continued to represent IALS on the London Committee of the London Universities Purchasing Consortium (LUPC). She continued to be the Secretary of the FLARE Group of major UK Law Libraries and an editor of the “Lis-law” Jiscmail Group.
Malini Nadarajah, Library Assistant in the Information Resources section, was reduced to half-time working from December 2019.
Katherine Read continued as a member of the Editorial Board of Legal Information Management and joint compiler of its current awareness column.
Hester Swift continued as Secretary of the EU Databases User Group and helped to organise an EUDUG meeting in November 2019.
Alice Tyson continued as a member of the Professional Development Committee of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL), and in this capacity helped to organise the BIALL-IALS Foreign and International Law Course held at IALS in January 2020. She wrote a blog post on online legal research resources from IALS Library: http://iall.org/online-legal-research-resources-from- ials-library/. She also took part in a BIALL Law Librarianship event for UCL librarianship students in January 2020.
Steve Whittle was recruited as a part-time consultant to develop IALS open access monographs and IALS open access journals whilst IALS waited to recruit a new IALS Digital Projects and Publications Manager.
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Income and Expenditure 2019-20
Institute Library
Income 2018-19 2018-19 Funding Body Grants (Research England) 439,254 1,117,327 Other Grants and Sponsorship 15,365 - Tuition Fees and Training 457,019 - Research and Network Grants and Contracts 169,900 - Subscriptions from Colleges 66,372 997,328 Commercial Income 315,431 130,600 Other Income 11,526 26,219 Donations 67,834 - Finance & Endowment Income 5,500 3,500 Internal Income 261,974 328,005
Total Income 1,810,175 2,602,978
Expenditure Staff Costs 991,118 931,231 Professional Fees 31,120 8,340 Estates Expenditure 2,649 119 Academic Expenditure 31,938 878,726 Information Technology 9,502 19,351 Admin Expenditure 29,276 16,866 Finance Expenditure - - Other Operating Expenses 117,201 - Internal Charges & Recharges 512,685 906,379
Total Expenditure 1,725,490 2,761,012
Surplus/(Deficit) 84,685 (158,034)
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