Hollow-Bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction 7 Tree 13 Tree 14 Tree 15

Home , Galah

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 13 Tree 14 Tree 15

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 16 Tree 17 Tree 18

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 19 Tree 20 Tree 21

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 22 Tree 23 Tree 24

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 25 Tree 26 Tree 27

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 28 Tree 29 Tree 30

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 31 Tree 32 Tree 33

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 34 Tree 35 Tree 36

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 37 Tree 38 Tree 39

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

Tree 41 Tree 42 Tree 43

*Missing Tree 40 photograph

Hollow-bearing Tree Details at Wilton Junction

44 45

17 Figure L.1.Hollow-bearing GlossyConsulting treesfeed trees and (SLR 2013) Black Cockatoo 5 0 250 Coordinate System: Zone MGA 56(GDA 94) SLR ConsultingSLR Australia, 2013 Image © 2016DigitalGlobe © Image (dated 16-10-2015) Image Source: Image Data Source: Data 250 500 750 1000 m

I:\...\15134\Figures\RP1\20160419\Figure L.1. Hollow-bearing trees and Glossy Black Cockatoo feed trees Grid North Figure L.2.Hollow-bearing GlossyConsulting treesfeed trees and (SLR 2013) Black Cockatoo 5 0 250 Coordinate System: Zone MGA 56(GDA 94) SLR ConsultingSLR Australia, 2013 Image © 2016DigitalGlobe © Image 250 (dated 16-10-2015) Image Source: Image Data Source: Data 500 750 1000 m

I:\...\15134\Figures\RP1\20160419\Figure L.2. Hollow-bearing trees and Glossy Black Cockatoo feed trees Grid North Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Appendix M

Watercourse Assessments (SLR Consulting)

CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - WILTON JUNCTION NEW TOWN PROJECT - FINAL REPORT WILTON JUNCTION 3 MAY 2016

Appendix R Special Watercourse Survey at Wilton Junction

Spot Assessment 1 Spot Assessment 2  Facing northwest along railway  Facing northwest along railway and powerlines

Spot Assessment 3 Spot Assessment 4  Facing northwest along railway and powerlines  Facing northwest along railway

Spot Assessment 5 Spot Assessment 6  Facing northwest along railway bridge  Facing northwest along railway bridge  Near the edge of the Nepean River

i Appendix R Special Watercourse Survey at Wilton Junction

Spot Assessment 7 Spot Assessment 8  Photo looking over proposed dam area  Start survey of large gully  Note - trees in centre  Top of large gully facing west

Spot Assessment 9 Spot Assessment 10  Top of large gully  Occasional pools  Dry pools with rocks, grass and trees  Sedges with rock outcrop  4m wide swale

Spot Assessment 11 Spot Assessment 12  Slight gully forming with bed to 6m wide  6m vertical drop into deep pool  Increased ponding, rock outcrops and understorey  10m across (but still scattered)  Rock walls

ii Appendix R Special Watercourse Survey at Wilton Junction

Spot Assessment 13 Spot Assessment 14  1m wide channel with 10m wide swale  Gully widening and steepening  Less rock  Grey Myrtle /rainforest element begins  Still intermittent flow and pooling  Rocky/sandy/sedgy/grassy bed 15m wide

Spot Assessment 15 Spot Assessment 16  Steep gully/rock wall  Intermittent pools, stretches of sandy rock bed.  Narrow rocky bed continues  10m wide bed with 2m channel  Narrow rainforest veg  Slightly wider rainforest element

No photo

Spot Assessment 17 Spot Assessment 18  Rocky/sandy/grassy bed  No data  Smaller gully entering

iii Appendix R Special Watercourse Survey at Wilton Junction

Spot Assessment 19 Spot Assessment 20  Evidence of flood debris/high water mark to 3m  Bed sedgy/rocky/sandy to10m wide  Confined channel with steep rocky banks  Rocky gully with sandstone boulders  Rainforest band with eucalypts on upper banks

Spot Assessment 21 Spot Assessment 22  Rocky tributary with 20m wide banks  Steep gully with cliff walls  Big boulders and debris in bed to 20m wide.

Spot Assessment 23  Gully widens to mouth entrance of Nepean R.  Semi waterfall of huge rock boulders.  10m wide boulder bed.

iv Figure M.1. Spot Watercourse Assessments Consulting (SLR 2013) 0 0 100 Coordinate System: Zone MGA 56(GDA 94) SLR ConsultingSLR Australia, 2013 Image © 2016DigitalGlobe © Image 100 (dated 16-10-2015) Image Source: Image Data Source: Data 200 300 400 m

I:\...\15134\Figures\RP1\20160419\Figure M.1. Watercourse Spot Assessments (SLR 2013) Grid North Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Appendix N

Fauna Species List

CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - WILTON JUNCTION NEW TOWN PROJECT - FINAL REPORT WILTON JUNCTION 3 MAY 2016

Table N.1 Fauna Species List taken during Summer/Autumn 2013 survey of Wilton Junction

KEY

Symbol Description

* Exotic species E Species is listed as “endangered” in the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) V Species is listed as “vulnerable” in the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act) P Probable Identification. Some possibility of confusion of calls with those of other bat species A1 Species detected within Area A1 on the study area at Wilton A2 Species detected within Area A2 on the study area at Wilton A3 Species detected within Area A3 on the study area at Wilton BC Species detected within Area’s B and C (‘Over-The-Fence’ surveys combined)

STATUS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SUMMER AUTUMN A1 A2 A3 BC A1 A2 A3 BIRDS

Phasianidae

Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora X X X

Anatidae

Black Swan Cygnus atratus X

Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata X X X X X X

Grey Teal Anas gracilis X Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa X X X X X X Hardhead Aythya australis X

Podicipedidae

Australasian Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae X X X X X X

Hoary-headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus X X

Phalacrocoracidae

Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax melanoleucos X X

Little Black Cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris X X

Ardeidae White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica X X White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae X X X X X X X

Threskiornithidae

Royal Spoonbill Platalea regia X

Accipitridae X Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris X X X Pacific Baza Brown Aviceda subcristata X

Goshawk Spotted Accipiter fasciatus X

Harrier Wedge- X V Circus assimilis tailed Eagle X Aquila audax Falconidae Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides X X X Brown Falcon X Falco berigora X

Australian Hobby Falco longipennis X Rallidae Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio X X X X

Dusky Moorehen Gallinula tenebricosa X

Eurasian Coot Fulica atra X X

Scolopacidae Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles X X X X X X

Table N.1 Fauna Species List taken during Summer/Autumn 2013 survey of Wilton Junction

STATUS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SUMMER AUTUMN A1 A2 A3 BC A1 A2 A3

Columbidae

Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera X X Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes X X X X X

* Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis X

Cacatuidae

V Glossy Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami X X X Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus X Galah Cacatua roseicapilla X X Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris X X X Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita X X X X X

Psittacidae

Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus X X X V Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla X X Australian King Parrot Alisterus scapularis X X X X

Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans X X X X X X X Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius X X X X X Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus X

Cuculidae

Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis X

Podargidae

Tawny Frogmouth Podargus strigoides X X

Aegothelidae

Australian Owlet-nightjar Aegotheles cristatus X X X

Strigidae

V Powerful Owl Ninox strenua X

Halcyonidae Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae X X X X X X X Sacred Kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus X

Meropidae

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus X

Coraciidae

Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis X X

Climacteridae White-throated Tree-creeper Cormobates leucophaeus X X X X X X X

Ptilonorhynchidae

Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus X Maluridae Superb Fairy-wren X X Malurus cyaneus X X

Acanthizidae X Rockwarbler Origma solitaria X X White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis X X X X Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris X Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla X X X X X X X Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa X

Buff-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza reguloides X

Pardalotidae Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus X X X X X

Meliphagidae Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris X X Lewin’s Honeyeater Meliphaga lewinii X X Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops X X X X

Table N.1 Fauna Species List taken during Summer/Autumn 2013 survey of Wilton Junction

STATUS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SUMMER AUTUMN A1 A2 A3 BC A1 A2 A3

Meliphagidae cont White-eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis X X Yellow-tufted Honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops X X X X X X X Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala X X X X X X Bell Miner Manorina melanophrys X X X X X

Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata X

White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus X

Noisy Friarbird Philemon corniculatus X X Psophodidae

Eastern Whipbird Psophodes olivaceus X X X

Spotted Quail-thrush Cinclosoma punctatum X

Campephagidae

Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae X X

White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike Coracina papuensis X

Pachycephalidae Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis X X Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris X Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica X X X X X X

Artamidae Black-faced Woodswallow Artamus cinereus X Dusky Woodswallow Artamus cyanopterus X Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus X X X X X

Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen X X X X X

Pied Currawong Strepera graculina X

Rhipiduridae

Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa X X X X X X Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys X X X X X X Corvidae

Australian Raven Corvus coronoides X X X X X

Monarchidae Satin

Flycatcher Restless Myiagara cyanoleuca X

Flycatcher Black- Myiagra inquieta X X faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis X Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca X X X X X X X Corcoracidae

White-winged Chough Corcorax melanorhamphos X X X

Petroicidae Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans X X X X X V Scarlet Robin Petroica boodang X Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis X X X X X X X

Cisticolidae

Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis X

Hirundinidae

Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena X X X X

Sturnidae

* Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris X X X X X

* Common Myna Sturnus tristis X

Estrildidae Double-barred Finch Taeniopygia bichenovii X Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis X X X X X Motacillidae Australasian Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae X X X X X X X

iii

Table N.1 Fauna Species List taken during Summer/Autumn 2013 survey of Wilton Junction

STATUS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SUMMER AUTUMN A1 A2 A3 BC A1 A2 A3 MAMMALS Tachyglossidae

Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus X X Dasyuridae Brown Antechinus Antechinus stuartii X X X X X X

Vombatidae Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus X X X X X X Petauridae Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps X X X

Pseudocheiridae Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus X X X X Phalangeridae

Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula X X X X Macropodidae Wallaroo Macropus robustus X X X X X X X Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus X X

Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor X X X X X X

Molossidae V Eastern Freetail Bat Mormopterus norfolkensis X X X X Eastern Freetail Bat Mormopterus ridei X X White-striped Freetail Bat Austronomus australis X X X

Emballonuridae P V Yellow-bellied Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus flaviventris Vespertilionidae

Common Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus schreibersii X X X V X V Little Bent-wing Bat Miniopterus australis X X P P Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus sp. X V Large-eared Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri X X Gould’s Wattled Bat Chalinolobus gouldii X X X X X X Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio X X X X X V Eastern Falsistrelle Falsistrellus tasmaniensis X X X X Eastern Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus megaphyllus X Greater Broad-nosed Bat X V Scoteanax rueppellii P X Eastern Broad-nosed Bat Scotorepens orion X X P P Large Forest Bat Vespadelus darlingtonii X X X Little Forest Bat Vespadelus vulturnus X X X X X Eastern Forest Bat Vespadelus pumilus X X

Muridae

* Black Rat Rattus rattus X X X Bush Rat Rattus fuscipes X X X X X Canidae

* Fox Vulpes vulpes X X X X X X Leporidae * Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus X X X X X

Table N.1 Fauna Species List taken during Summer/Autumn 2013 survey of Wilton Junction

STATUS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SUMMER AUTUMN A1 A2 A3 BC A1 A2 A3 AMPHIBIANS Myobatrachidae Common Eastern Froglet Crinia signifera X X X X X X Brown-striped Frog Limnodynastes peronii X X Spotted Marsh Frog Limnodynastes tasmaniensis X X X Smooth Toadlet Uperoleia laevigata X X X X Hylidae

Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog Litoria fallax X X Broad-palmed Frog Litoria latopalmata X X Lesueur’s Frog Litoria lesueurii X X X Leaf Green Tree Frog Litoria phyllochroa X Peron’s Tree Frog Litoria peronii X X Verreaux’s Tree Frog Litoria verreauxii X X X REPTILES

Agamidae

Jacky Lizard Amphibolurus muricatus X X Eastern Water Dragon Physignathus lesueurii X X

Gekkonidae

Lesueur’s Velvet Gecko Oedura lesueurii X

Scincidae Eastern Water-skink Eulamprus quoyii X X X Grass Skink Lampropholis delicata X X X X X X

Coppertail Skink Ctenotus taeniolatus X Wall Skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus X

Elapidae Red-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus X

Typhlopidae Blind Snake Ramphotyphlops nigrescens X Varanidae Lace Monitor Varanus varius X

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Appendix O

Threatened Fauna Species Habitat Assessments

CUMBERLAND ECOLOGY © - WILTON JUNCTION NEW TOWN PROJECT - FINAL REPORT WILTON JUNCTION 3 MAY 2016

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 A distinctly marked frog that is unlikely  Not detected during field investigations, Pseudophryne australis  Occurs on escarpment areas and to be mistaken with any other species despite aural surveys and targeted active plateaus, as well as low undulating Red-crowned Toadlet except when relying on advertisement searches of suitable habitat and rangesand outcroppings. calls. microhabitat features during optimal  Usually occupies the upper parts of  Calls are similar to other Pseudophryne periods and weather conditions. rocky slopes, or on plateaus or more and Uperoleia calls.  Several areas of potentially suitable level rock platforms along ridge tops.  Recommended survey period is habitat on site, particularly the upper parts  Usually occurs in moist areas or between late August and early May, but of the vegetated gullies and slopes in the areas of dense groundcover along calls can be heard throughout the year. north of the Study Area. head-water stream beds.  Highest activity is after heavy rainfall  Disturbance from grazing activities may  Mainly occurs within Sydney events during summer, particularly have an impact on the suitability of the Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland, but during late afternoon and early evening habitat, particularly water quality. This also know from Sydney Sandstone  Surveys for this species should species is highly sensitive to impacts on Gully Forest. commence with aural surveys during water quality.  Shelters under flat sandstone rocks, several nights of suitable weather under rocks on soil, beneath thick conditions. ground litter, and in horizontal rock  Active searches of preferred crevices. microhabitat features are recommended when aural surveys are unsuccessful.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 This species is mainly active at dusk or  Not detected during field investigations, Hoplocephalus bungaroides  The sites where Broad-headed night and is an ambush predator. despite targeted searches of suitable Snakes occur are typified by exposed Broad-headed Snake  Surveys should consider the seasonal, habitat and microhabitat features. sandstone outcrops and benching. temperature-induced shift in habitat use.  Gullies and gorges contain extensive  In these locations, the preferred  Adults use rocks and crevices as shelter sandstone outcrop habitat with an vegetation is mainly woodland, open sites in rocky outcrops in autumn, winter abundance of what are likely to be woodland and/or heath. and early spring. “thermally suitable” crevices and  The Broad-headed Snake seasonally  In late spring and summer, when exfoliating sheets, as well as abundant occupies distinctive microhabitats temperatures under rocks become too hollow-bearing trees. within these broader habitat types. hot for many snakes, adult males and They utilise rock crevices and non-breeding adult females move into exfoliating sheets of weathered adjacent woodland where they shelter in sandstone during the cooler months tree-hollows. and tree-hollows during summer.  Usually nesting during spring.  One individual was observed during the Circus assimulis  A widely dispersing species that  Active throughout the day. May surveys in the northern part of the prefers more open habitats, such as Spotted Harrier Study Area. grassy open woodland, inland riparian  Species was observed hunting near a woodland, grassland and shrub small farm dam in open pasture. steppe.  The preferred habitat for this species is  Most commonly found in native very broad, and consequently much of the grassland, but also occurs in Study Area comprises potential habitat. agricultural land.  There is an abundance of the same or  Forages over open habitats including similar habitat locality and the broader the edges of inland wetlands. region.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Nest on horizontal branches in mature  Not observed in the Study Area. Lophoictinia isura  This wide-ranging species is found in living trees, especially eucalypts, often  Potential foraging and nesting habitat a variety of habitats including dry Square-tailed Kite near water. present in woodland and open forest woodlands and open forests.  Needs extensive areas of forest or areas.  Prefers timbered watercourses, woodland surrounding or nearby.  However, the extent is limited due to particularly for nesting sites.  Active by day and hunts among trees. extensive clearing.  Occupies large home range over 2  Likely that the potential habitat in the 100km . Study Area would (at most) only form part of a much larger home range.

 Active by day, hunts on the wing or from  Not observed in the Study Area. Hieraaetus morphnoides  A wide-ranging species that occurs in exposed perches.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat a variety of habitats. Little Eagle present in woodland and open forest  Mainly occupies open eucalypt forest, areas. However, the extent is limited due woodland or open woodland. to extensive clearing.  Rabbits are a preferred prey item.  Likely that the potential habitat in the Study Area would (at most) only form part of a much larger home range.

 Nest along tree-lined creeks and rivers  Not observed in the Study Area. Falco subniger  Tree-lined watercourses and in of inland drainage systems.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat isolated woodlands, mainly in arid and Black Falcon  Active by day, hunts on the wing or from present in woodland and open forest semi-arid areas but may move to exposed perches. areas. coastal areas.  However, the extent is limited due to extensive clearing.  Likely that the potential habitat in the Study Area would (at most) only form part of a much larger home range.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Mainly nocturnal.  Not observed in the Study Area. Burhinus grallarius  Open wooded rangelands, edges of  Terrestrial.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat forest and watercourses. Bush stone-curlew  Nests in grassy woodlands gum or box present in woodland and open forest with low, sparse grassy or herb areas. understorey.  However, the extent is limited due to  Prefer a sparse understorey so they can extensive clearing. see predators while foraging for insects.

 Seasonal movements.  Not observed in the Study Area. Callocephalon fimbriatum  In summer, generally found in tall  Potential to detect this species in the  Some low-quality habitat available on the mountain forests and woodlands, Gang-gang Cockatoo Study Area all year. Study Area. particularly in heavily timbered and  Extensive areas of more suitable habitat mature wet sclerophyll forests. In in the broader region (south and west of winter, may occur at lower altitudes in the locality). drier more open eucalypt forests and  Therefore likely that any individuals woodlands, and often found in urban occurring in the Study Area would only be areas. transient.  Moves to lower altitudes in winter, preferring more open eucalypt forests and woodlands, particularly in box- ironbark assemblages, or in dry forest in coastal areas.  Favours old growth attributes for nesting and roosting.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Present throughout the year in most  Recorded at a few locations in the Study Calyptorhynchus lathami  The Glossy Black-Cockatoo is highly areas where they occur. Area. dependent on the distribution of Glossy Black-Cockatoo  Their presence in an area is often  Patches of open forest with she-oaks and Allocasuarina species, and is found in evident by the presence of cracked and large hollow-bearing trees (particularly woodland dominated by Allocasuarina chewed Casuarina or Allocasuarina ‘pipes’) scattered through parts of the and in open forests where it forms a cones around “feed trees”. Study Area form potential habitat. substantial middle layer.  Often confined to remnant Allocasuarina patches surrounded by cleared farmlands.  Requires tree-hollows for breeding.  Present only in the winter months when  Not observed in the Study Area. Lathamus discolor  Migrates from its Tasmanian breeding it migrates northwards from Tasmania.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat grounds to the box-ironbark forests Swift Parrot  Swift Parrots are often noisy, active and present in woodland and open forest and woodlands of Victoria, New South conspicuous, but can become quiet in areas. Wales and southern Queensland. the middle of the day.  However, the extent is limited due to  Key habitats for the species on the  Often associate with lorikeets and extensive clearing. coast and coastal plains of New honeyeaters at abundant food sources.  Likely that the potential habitat on Study South Wales include Spotted Gum Area would (at most) only form part of a (Corymbia maculata), Swamp much larger home range. Mahogany (E. robusta), Red Bloodwood (Eucalyptus gummifera) and Forest Red Gum (E. tereticornis) forests.  Often found in stands of forest with larger trees and abundance of tree- hollows.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Present throughout the year in most  Recorded in the Study Area. Glossopsitta pusilla  Dry open woodlands and forests, also areas where they occur.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat heath and banksia scrub and riverine Little Lorikeet  Gregarious in its activities (except present in woodland and open forest woodland, especially in the vicinity of breeding) and is usually encountered in areas. flowering or fruit-bearing vegetation. small parties which may become quite  However, the extent is limited due to fearless when feeding. extensive clearing.  May also congregate into large flocks at groves of flowering eucalypts.

 Diurnal searches.  Not observed in the Study Area. Neophema pulchella  Favours open, grassy woodland with  Often observed in pairs or small parties  Potential foraging and nesting habitat dead trees near permanent water. Turquoise Parrot whilst foraging near the ground. present in woodland and open forest  It also inhabits coastal heaths and areas. pastures with exotic grasses and  However, the extent is limited due to weeds, along roadsides and in extensive clearing. orchards.  Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Ninox connivens  Found in open woodlands and the areas where they occur.  Potential foraging and nesting habitat edges of forests, often adjacent to Barking Owl  Often detected aurally at night, present in woodland and open forest farmland. occasionally sighted. areas.  Prefer woodlands and forests with a  Call playback techniques can be quite  However, the extent is limited due to high density of large trees and successful. extensive clearing. particularly sites with hollows that are used by the owls as well as their prey.  Roost sites are often located near waterways or wetlands.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Occupies extensive home ranges.  Recorded in the southeastern portion of Ninox strenua  Found in open forests and  Often detected aurally at night, the Study Area. woodlands, as well as along sheltered Powerful Owl occasionally sighted.  Nesting habitat in the larger forest stands, gullies in wet forests with dense  Call playback techniques can be quite particularly in the gullies and gorges on understoreys, especially along successful. the periphery of the Study Area. watercourses. Will sometimes be found in open areas near forests such as farmland, parks and suburban areas, as well as in remnant bushland patches.  Needs old growth trees to nest.

 Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Climacteris picumnus  Drier open forests and woodlands. areas where they occur.  The open forests and woodland on the victoriae  Often observed whilst foraging on tree Study Area may provide habitat for this Brown Tree-creeper trunks and through branches during the species (particularly in the forested gullies day. and gorges on the periphery).  Feeding normally takes place in pairs or small groups.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Usually seen singly, in twos, or in small  Not observed in the Study Area. Anthochaera phrygia  Mostly occur in dry Box-Ironbark groups which vary in size throughout  The open forests and woodland on the eucalypt woodland and dry sclerophyll Regent Honeyeater the year, and tend to be largest in late Study Area may provide habitat for this forest associations in areas of low to autumn and winter. species (particularly in the forested gullies moderate relief, where they prefer  Can be conspicuous during the and gorges on the periphery). moister, more fertile sites available, breeding season. for example along creek flats, or in  Detection is usually by call, or otherwise broad river valleys and foothills. by sighting.  In NSW, riparian forests containing  Targeted searches in patches of River Oak Casuarina woodland that have heavily-flowering cunninghamiana, and with Needle- trees or that are infested by lerp can leaf Mistletoe Amyema cambagei, are also be useful, especially near also important for feeding and waterpoints such as creeks and dams. breeding.  Surveys should be conducted in the morning.

 Often seen on the grassy ground layer,  Not observed in the Study Area. Pyrrholaemus saggitatus  Lives in dry sclerophyll forests and when it is foraging.  The open forests and woodland on the woodlands dominated by eucalypts, Speckled Warbler  Sedentary, present throughout the year Study Area may provide habitat for this often on rocky ridges or in gullies. in most areas where they occur. species (particularly in the forested gullies and gorges on the periphery).

 Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Melithreptus gularis gularis  Occupy the dry eucalypt woodland, areas where they occur.  The open forests and woodland on the particularly associations containing Black-chinned Honeyeater  Usually forages in the upper canopy on Study Area may provide habitat for this ironbark and box. the outermost flowers and foliage, and species. However, the extent is limited  It is often found along waterways, and is usually seen in groups of up to 12 due to extensive clearing. occasionally seen in gardens and birds. It will sometimes feed with other street trees. honeyeaters - Noisy, gregarious and active.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Usually seen in flocks, moving swiftly  Not observed in the Study Area. Daphoenositta chrysoptera  Found in eucalypt woodlands and between trees or foraging busily over  The open forests and woodland on the forests throughout their range. Varied Sittella branches or the trunk. Study Area may provide habitat for this  Prefer rough-barked trees (like  Often quite noisy while feeding. species (particularly in the forested gullies stringybarks and ironbarks) or mature and gorges on the periphery). trees with hollows or dead branches.

 Often spotted on small perches where it  Recorded in the Study Area – in the Petroica boodang  Lives in open forests and woodlands. dives to feed on insects on the ground. southeast.  During winter, it will visit more open Scarlet Robin  Commonly spotted on the edges of  Recorded at the periphery of open habitats such as grasslands and open areas, such as farmland. woodland and farmland. farmland.  Sometimes forages in mixed flocks with  Potential habitat throughout the Study other small insect-eating birds. Area and region.  Active throughout the day.

 May move to lower and more open  Not observed in the Study Area. Petroica phoenicea  Found in a variety of forest and areas in winter.  Open woodland on the Study Area may woodland. Flame Robin  Breeding occurs from August to provide habitat for this species. January.  Active throughout the day.  Feeds exclusively on the ground, on  Not observed in the Study Area. Stagonopleura guttata  Found in grassy eucalypt woodlands, ripe and partly-ripe grass and herb  Open woodland on the Study Area may including Box-Gum Woodlands and Diamond Firetail seeds and green leaves, and on provide habitat for this species. Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora insects. Woodlands.  Usually encountered in flocks of  Often found in riparian areas (rivers between 5 to 40 birds, occasionally and creeks), and sometimes in lightly more. wooded farmland.  Birds roost in dense shrubs or in smaller nests built especially for roosting.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Dasyurus maculatus  Found in a range of forest habitats, areas where they occur.  The mature woodland in the gorges and from rainforest to open woodland but Tiger Quoll  Observed more frequently in winter gullies, along the periphery of the Study seem to prefer moist forests such as months (breeding times) by visual Area may provide habitat for this species. rainforests and closed eucalypt forest. sighting, aurally and by scat surveys or  The rocky sandstone gullies could provide  Requires forest with suitable den sites common latrine (toilet) sites. opportunities for den sites. such as rock crevices, caves, hollow  It is largely nocturnal and solitary, but logs, burrows and tree-hollows. occasionally leaves the den during the day.

 Nocturnal searches, often observed  Not observed in the Study Area. Petaurus australis  Found in mature eucalypt forests in aurally.  Feed trees not observed. temperate to subtropical regions of Yellow-bellied Glider  Call playback can be quite successful.  The mature woodland around the eastern Australia.  Presence of feed trees. periphery of the Study Area could provide  Inhabits a wide range of forest types habitat for this species. but prefers resource rich forests where mature trees provide nesting hollows.  Winter-flowering eucalypts provide nectar and pollen, and some eucalypts are suitable for tapping sap.

 Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Phascolarctos cinereus  Lives in eucalypt woodlands and areas where they occur.  The open woodland on the Study Area forests. Koala  Observed by visual sighting, aurally and provides potential habitat for this species.  Home range size varies according to by scat surveys quality of habitat, ranging from less  Most active in summer months during than two hectares to several hundred breeding season hectares.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Often heard whilst foraging through the  Not observed in the Study Area. Pteropus poliocephalus  Utilises vegetation communities canopy at night.  The open woodland on the Study Area including rainforests, open forests, Grey-headed Flying Fox  Roost sites are readily identified. may provide habitat for this species, but closed and open woodlands. there is no particular or special habitat  Roost sites are typically located near present. water, such as lakes, rivers or the coast  Forages primarily for eucalypt blossom and related genera but in some areas it also utilises a wide range of rainforest and cultivated fruits.  Present throughout the year in most  Not observed in the Study Area. Petrogale penicillata  Prefers rocky habitats, including loose areas where they occur.  Some potential habitat in the peripheral boulder-piles, rocky outcrops, steep Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby  Pellet counts and visual counting are gorges and gullies of the Study Area, rocky slopes, cliffs, gorges and common techniques. especially along the Nepean River. isolated rock stacks.  Shelters during the day in rock crevices, caves and overhangs; often basks in exposed sunny spots.  Prefers areas with higher vegetation cover (such as mesic communities).

 Most active in summer months, just after  Not observed in the Study Area. Myotis macropus  Often roosts in groups of 10 - 15 close dusk and during the night.  Habitat of this species may occur within to water in caves, mine shafts, hollow- Southern Myotis  Can be identified with Anabat detectors the nearby creek gullies and river gorges. bearing trees, storm water channels, and also Harp trapping.  Could also forage over farm dams buildings, under bridges and in dense  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’. (although not recorded in 2013). foliage.  Forages over streams and pools.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Mormopterus norfolkensis  Can be found in dry sclerophyll forest, dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be woodland, swamp forests and Eastern Freetail-bat  Can be identified with Anabat detectors concentrated in the forested slopes and mangrove forests east of the Great and also Harp trapping. gorges around the periphery of the Study Dividing Range.  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’. Area.  Roost mainly in tree-hollows, but will also roost under bark or in man-made structure.  Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Falsistrellus tasmaniensis  Prefers moist habitats, with trees taller dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be than 20 m. Eastern False Pipistrelle  Hibernates in winter. concentrated in the forested slopes and  Generally roosts in eucalypt hollows,  Can be identified with Anabat detectors gorges around the periphery of the Study but has also been found under loose and also Harp trapping. Area. bark on trees or in buildings.  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’.

 Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Miniopterus schreibersii  Moist environments where it roosts in dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be oceanensis large numbers in caves, old mines,  Can be identified with Anabat detectors concentrated in the sandstone gullies and stormwater tunnels and occasionally and also Harp trapping. gorges where open forest and woodland is Common (Eastern) Bent- buildings. wing Bat  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’. located (for foraging), and where caves  Forages in forests and woodlands and are fairly abundant. grassland.  Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Miniopterus schreibersii  Moist environments where it roosts in dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be oceanensis large numbers in caves, old mines,  Can be identified with Anabat detectors concentrated in the sandstone gullies and stormwater tunnels and occasionally Little Bent-wing Bat and also Harp trapping. gorges where open forest and woodland is buildings.  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’. located (for foraging), and where caves  Forages in forests and woodlands and are fairly abundant. grassland.

Cumberland Ecology Gunninah

Table O.1 Habitat Assessment of threatened species of flora within 10km of the Study Area (based on information from OEH Threatened Species Profiles 2013)

Species Habitat Survey considerations Species and species habitat in Study Area

 Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Scoteanax rueppellii  Rainforest, wet and dry sclerophyll dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be and woodland. Greater Broad-nosed Bat  Can be identified with Anabat detectors concentrated in the forested slopes and  Usually roosts in tree-hollows. and also Harp trapping. gorges around the periphery of the Study  Forages over streams and pools.  Success is higher along ‘flight paths’. Area.

 Most active in summer months, just after  Species was recorded on the Study Area. Chalinolobus dwyeri  Occurs in dry and wet sclerophyll dusk and during the night.  Habitat for the species is likely to be forest, woodland and sandstone Large-eared Pied Bat  Can be identified with Anabat detectors concentrated in the forested slopes and escarpments. and also Harp trapping. Success is gorges around the periphery of the Study  Roosts along sandstone cliffs and higher along ‘flight paths’. Area. woodland valley habitat.  Present throughout the year.  Not recorded in the Study Area. Meridolum corneovirens  Cumberland Plain Woodland, a  Often seen in moister conditions and  OEH records within 10km of the Study grassy, open woodland with Cumberland Plain Snail after rainfall Area. occasional dense patches of shrubs.  However, surveys in all conditions can  Some of the open forest and woodland in  Lives under leaf litter and bark or logs. be successful. the Study Area, particularly where less  Shelters in loose soil around grass  Search beneath leaf litter, bark, logs and disturbed, may provide habitat for this clumps, and occasionally under foreign items. species. rubbish.