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El Género Poria Pers. En La República Argentina Rajchenberg, Mario 1982

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El Género Poria Pers. En La República Argentina Rajchenberg, Mario 1982 Tesis de Posgrado El género Poria pers. en la República Argentina Rajchenberg, Mario 1982 Tesis presentada para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Rajchenberg, Mario. (1982). El género Poria pers. en la República Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_1729_Rajchenberg.pdf Cita tipo Chicago: Rajchenberg, Mario. "El género Poria pers. en la República Argentina". Tesis de Doctor. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 1982. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_1729_Rajchenberg.pdf Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES EL GENERO PORIA PERS. EN LA REF! ARGENTINA Lic. Mario RaJchenberg Tesis presentado para optqr al título de Doctor en Cienpias Biológicos Director: Dr. Jorge E. Wright 4729 -1982­ A mis padres A mi esposa A mis hermanos AGRADECIMIENTOS -- Al Dr. Jorge 3. Bright, por la dirección del trabajo. Maestro entusiasta, me enseñó y señaló los caminos dentro de la sistemática fúngica, apoyándose intelectual y humanamente. Al Sr. Emilio del Busto, encargado de la Hicoteoa de la Cátedra de Iicologia, por su constante ayuda en las tareas de laboratorio. Su inestimable presencia me acompañóen innumerables momentosy, Junto con su filosofia de la vida, sus consejos e historias, son una parte vital en el laboratorio. A 1a cofradía micológica y sue honorables integrantes -mis compañeros-, fuente constante de discusiones, consejos, ayuda, risas y afecto. A los encargados de los diversos herbarios, por el préstamo de colecciones tipo o criticas, en particular los de NueveYork, Ottara, Beltsville, Ken, Paris, Instituto Lillo y especialmente a la Dra. Irma G. de Amospor poner a mi disposición constantemente los materiales del Instituto Spegazzini de La Plata. Al Dr. Leif Ryvarden de la Universidad de Oslo, por el intenso intercambio de ideas con 61 sostenido. A EdyHarmanpor la realización del trabajo fotográfico. Al CONICET,por otorgarle la beca de Perfeccionamiento en la Investigación gracias e la cual y en cuyo transcurso pude realizar el presente trabajo. A las autoridades de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Iatnralee de Ja Universidad de BuenosAires por permitirme la utilización de sussinstalacio­ nes y elementos de investigación. A todos ellos luchas gracias! SUMARIO IntroduOCiónOOOOOIO000.000.000.000000000o.00.00.0000....0000000000Coupés. 1 Historia sinóptioa del géneroggïía Pera. y sus aegregadoa........... ' 3 Horfología........................................................... " 10 Estudiosdecultivo..............................;.................e. " 17 Materialesym6todoa................................................. ' 21 Clavedelosgáneroa................................................. ' 24 Clave para el reconocimiento en cultivo de las capacies estudiadas... " 27 Taxonomía FamiliaCorticiaceae.GéneroTrechiagora............................. ' 28 FamiliaPolyporaceae.GéneroAgzloagorus............................. ' 34 Antrodia................................ ' 38 'Cerigoria........3...................... " 47 Fibrogoria.............................. ' 62 Grammothele............................. " 67 23225................................... ' 72 Junghuhnia.............................. ' 76 HeanBoronoria.......................... ' 84 Oxxgoru................................ " 89 Pachlkztoagora.......................... ' 96 Perennigoria............................v105 " 98 Bigidogorua......................:...... " 113 SchizoEora.............................. " 122 Skeletocutia.....................o......- TiRCtOEOrOIIÜSoooooooooooooooooooonco-oofl zxroflce.ooooo0.0.0.000000000IOOOIOOOOOO- "rifihtoEOriaoooooo-cooooooooooo-o-oooooo. Especieserróneamentecitadaspara 1a Argantina.......................pág. 148 EspeCiesexelufdal.................9............o...........ooo.oo...o . 149 Resumenyconclusiones.........................;...................... ' 151 Figuras............................................................... ' 155 Fotografías........................................................... ' 193 Bibliografía.......................................................... ' 231 Indice de 108 género. y OBPQCIOBCitadOSAQ0.000.009.000.o-oooooooooooo n 240 INTRODUCCIon El genere 225¿2_Pers. agrupa todas aquellas especies de Polyporaceae sensn lato (Aphyllophorales, Basidicmyoetes) caracterizadas por su habito resupinadc. Debido a este rasgo tan general se han incluído en 61 numerosas especies poco a nada relacionadas entre si, constituyendo asi un genero sumamenteartificial. Los cientos de taxones que se incluyeron en ggrig desde su creación, y la poca variación macromorfológicaque ellos exhiben, originó un deficiente conocimiento de las especies y numerosas redescripciones de las mismas. La vasta influencia friesiana en las concepciones genéricas impidió también, durante muchotiempo, el reconocimiento de grupos hemogóneosy singulares dentro del genero, a pesar de 1a existencia de estudios modernoscon analisis de 1a micrcmorfologia. Menor aún fué la capacidad de relacionar estos grupos con géneros no resupinados, a pesar de la ruptura del esquematriesiano realizada por Patouillard (1900) quien consideró a las especies de 225¿¿_Pers. comoformas degradadae de los géneros pileados existentes. Estas dificultades se reflejan claramente en el trabaje de Love (1966) sobre dicho genero en América del Norte, donde no obstante reunir numerosas especies de distribución templada y tropical que fueron descriptas ma­ cro y microscópicamente, el autor no reconoció géneros ni relaciones entre las especies. Con todo, en las últimas tres dócadas una intensa tarea ha permitido, sobre la base-de características fisiológicas, microscópicasy químicasredefinir más naturalmente las familias de las Aphy110phora1es (Donk, 1964) delimitando generos ms homogéneos. De esta forma el género gorig inicial ha ido desmembrdn­ dose paulatinamente, segregándcse de 61 numerosos grupos aparentemente mas natu­ rales. En nuestro pais, los diversos trabajos floristiccs (Spegazzini 1881:164, 1898: 169 y 1902:53; Wright k Deschampe1972:111-204) trataron el género en en concep­ ción original, y sólo determinadas especies fueron estudiadas y ubicadas con un criterio genérico moderno (Wright 19663529 y 1976:225; Wright & Deschampe1915an 156, 1975b¡21 y 1916/77n34). La creciente certeza de la existencia de un gran número de especies, originada en 1a recolección de numeroso material en numerosos viajes de estudio, planteó la necesidad de su estudio morfológico y tazonómico, con el objeto de completar el conocimiento de los poliporos de nuestro pais. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir e ilustrar los talones hallados has­ ta el presente en la República Argentina empleando, precisamente, esos criterios modernos. Se analiza la macro y la micromorfologia de cada especie, indicándose su variación especifica, el tipo de pudrición que provoca, los hospedantee sobre los que crece y/b ataca, la distribución geografica e incidencia en habitats na­ turales y cultivados, 1a posible relación sistemática con otros taxonos del mis­ moo diferentes géneros, asi comola sinoninia correspondiente. Las descripcio­ nes de los basidiocarpos son acompañadas, en lo posible, de estudios de cepas axénicas obtenidas de los mismosy que permiten caracterizar e identificar las especies por medio del análisis de los caracteres morfológicos que desarrollan los micelios cultivados "in vitro". Se incluyen ademas, claves para el reconoci­ miento de los taxones tanto por los rasgos de sus basidiocarpos comopor sus cultivos. Se excluyen del presente estudio aquellos taxonos que, aunque usualmente tra­ l tados bajo Poria Pers., corresponden a otros órdenes de Basidiomycetes (v.gr. AporpinmBond. & Sing., Tremellaceae, Tremellales, Heterobasidiomycetes), otras familias1 (v.gr. especies resupinadas de Inonotus Karst., Phellinus Quel. y thllopgria Iurr., pertenecientes a la familia Hymenochaetaceae),obiena géne­ ros y/o especies que ya han sido extensamente tratados para nuestro pais en tra­ bajos anteriores1 (v.gr. Gloeoporus Karst, LowsporusWright, Phaeotrametes Lloyd y Oxlporus populinus (schum.:Fr.)Donk). Se incluyen por el contrario, las espe­ cies poroides de Trechispora Karst. (genero de Corticiaceae). l.Ver referencias en Clave de los generos, p.24. HISTORIA SINOPTICA DEL GENERO POHIA PERS. Y SUS SEGREGADOS 1794. Persoon (Neues Mag. Bot. 13109) crea el género Poria agrupando en 61 a todos los poliporos resupinados. 1801. Persoon mismo (Syn. Fung. p.542) reduce el género al nivel de sección como Boletus sect. ggïig (Pers.)Pers. 1821. Frios publica eu "Systems Mycologicum"en el cual adopta, básicamente, las concepciones genéricas, basadas en la configuración del himenóforo y la
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