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Home , Albert Decourtray, Bernardin Gantin, Evangelium vitae, Jacques Gaillot, Letter to Women, Ordinatio sacerdotalis

Appendix 1 Miscellaneous Letters and Documents

LETTER FROM CARDINAL VILLOT TO THE PRESIDENTS OF THE EPISCOPAL CONFERENCES

Rome, October 27th 1975 Office of the Secretary of State N. 290 499/94 To the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences Eminence, , On May 6th of last year, Mgr Pierre Mamie, of Lausanne, Geneva and , acting on the full approval of the , removed canonical approval form the Priestly Brotherhood ‘Pius X’ under the direction of Mgr , former Archbishop-Bishop of Tulle. The foundations of this Brotherhood and particularly the seminary at Ecône, lost their right to exist at the same time. Thus an affair which was particularly complex and unhappy appeared to have been resolved, at least from a judicial point of view. Where are we six months later? Mgr Lefebvre has not yet accepted, in reality, the decision of the competent authority. His activities continue, his plans are being extended to several countries, his writings and his ideas continue to corrupt a certain number of the faithful who are disorientated. It is supposed, here and there, that the Holy Father got carried away, or that the course of the procedure has been tainted by legal irregularities. Fidelity to the Church of the past has been invoked to differentiate it from the church of today, as though the Church of Our Lord was able to change its nature or its form. Considering the damage caused to Christian people by the prolongation of such a situation, and only after having used all the charitable resources open to him, the Sovereign Pontiff has therefore determined that the following information, which should contribute to lifting any last doubts, should be available to all the Episcopal Conferences…

LETTER FROM PAUL VI TO MGR LEFEBVRE

To our brother in the Episcopate Marcel Lefebvre Former Archbishop of Tulle

Dear Brother, it is with great heartache that we write to you today. Heartache, because we can divine the interior wrenching of a man who sees the annihila- tion of his dreams, the ruin of work that he thought would bear fruit for the

207 208 Appendix 1 right cause. Heartache, because we think of the confusion of the young people who have followed you, full of ardour and who now find themselves at an impasse. But our pain is amplified by the fact that the decision under compe- tent authority – moreover formulated very clearly and altogether justified, it has to be said, by your refusal to modify your public and persistent opposition to the of Vatican II, to the postconciliar reforms and the direction taken by the Pope himself – that this decision lends itself to discus- sion to the point that you search for a judicial reason to invalidate it… Dc no. 1689 (January 1976) p. 32–3

DECREE OF EXCOMMUNICATION

Congregation of Mgr Marcel Lefebvre, Archbishop-Bishop of Tulle, having neglected the formal motion under canon law of June 17th together with repeated appeals to not continue with his actions, has committed an action which is itself schis- matic: he has ordained as bishop four priests without pontifical authority and against the wishes of the Reigning Pontiff. It is for this reason that he has incurred the punishment detailed under canon law in articles 1364 1 and 1382 under the code of canon law. For all juridical purposes, I declare that the undernamed Mgr Marcel Lefebvre, together with , Richard Williamson and Alfonso de Galaretta, have incurred ipso facto excommunication latate sententiae reserved for use by the apostolic see. In addition, I declare that Mgr Antonio de Castro Mayer, Emeritus Bishop of Campos, has incurred excommunication as detailed in article 1364, because he has directly participated in this liturgical celebration as co-consecrator and has publicly endorsed a schismatic act. Priests and the faithful are warned not to give their support to this schismatic act of Mgr Lefebvre in order not to incur the same punishment. Given at Rome, at the see of the Congregation of the Bishops, July 1st, 1988. Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation of Bishops DC no. 1967 (7–21August 1988) p. 789

MGR , REMOVED FROM OFFICE AS BISHOP OF EVREUX

Communiqué from the Holy See The Holy See published on 13 January, a brief communiqué announcing that: The Holy Father John Paul II has removed His Excellency Mgr Jacques Gaillot from the pastoral government of the diocese of Evreux (), transferring him to the tenure of the seat at Partenia. Another communiqué from the Holy See was made public on 13 January, and distributed by the Office for the Conference of Bishops of France. Appendix 1 209

1. His Excellency Mgr Jacques Gaillot, Bishop of Evreux, since June 20th 1982, has not, during the course of the past ten years, paid attention to the advice and the observations made concerning his method of carrying out his episcopal ministry in doctrinal and pastoral communion with the Church. 2. On three occasions, in Nancy in 1987, Rome in 1992 and 1995, the Cardinal Prefect for the Congregation of Bishops spent a considerable length of time with him to share with him the questions, worries and negative reactions which arise everywhere from his frequent travels and his taking a stand on certain issues. 3. On the occasion of his Ad Limina visit, the Holy Father did not forget to give him a serious warning to refrain from undertaking such action outside the ecclesiastical communion.

COMMUNIQUÉ FROM MGR JACQUES GAILLOT

Mgr Jacques Gaillot was received, on 12 January, by Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, Prefect of the Congregation of Bishops, who invited him to tender his resignation. Mgr Gaillot declared that he did not think he was able to accept. He transmitted the following communiqué: I was summoned to Rome by Cardinal Gantin, Prefect of the Congregation of Bishops, on January 12th at 9.30 a.m. The threats which have been hanging over me for a while have been turned into reality. The blade [of the guillotine] fell: it was explained to me that my office as bishop had been removed and that the seat of Evreux would be declared vacant as of Friday at midday.

COMMUNIQUÉ FROM MGR JOSEPH DUVAL, PRESIDENT OF THE CONFERENCE OF BISHOPS OF FRANCE

Also on 13 January, the Office of the Episcopal Conference published the follow- ing communiqué from Mgr Joseph Duval: I am sad. I have always hoped that we would never come to this point. I am sad for Mgr Gaillot and for the diocese of Evreux. I am sad for the Church. Such situations reveal that there are problems. They are failures. They lead to misunderstandings. We have tried everything within our power to avoid such a situation. Last April, I sent a letter to Mgr Gaillot to ask him to place less distance between himself and the bishops, between himself and Rome. I explained to him, in the presence of several bishops, that I had written this letter so that Rome would not have to intervene. My appeal was not heeded, although in 1989 a similar appeal was addressed to him by Cardinal Decourtray, President of the Conference. I have pleaded with Rome for patience. However, unhappily, I must state that Mgr Gaillot has made no sign of an attempt to show his concern over living in closer communion with the Pope and the bishops. Rome has drawn its own conclusions. DC no. 2109 (5 Feb 1995) 210 Appendix 1 DECLARATION OF THE BISHOPS OF FRANCE (AN EXTRACT)

Bishops from Champagne and Picardie At the start of their quarterly meeting in , the bishops of Champagne and Picardie issued, on 17 January, the following declaration: The dismissal of Mgr Gaillot by Rome has provoked much emotion and has given rise to indignant protests in France. Mgr Gaillot originally comes from the diocese of . He was a teacher at the seminary of Reims. Bishop of Evreux, he formed part of our apostolic region of the North. We are particularly attached to him and affected by what has happened. Mgr Gaillot has gained the friendship and confidence of many. In his own way, he has opened himself up to the world of today which we are also con- cerned about. The decision by Rome, even if numerous efforts were made to avoid it, including those by us in our apostolic region, and even if it was preceded by numerous cautions, has troubled and shocked us. It is generally perceived in a negative light…

MGR GILSON, BISHOP OF MANS (EXTRACTS)

Mgr Gaillot has been removed from his ecclesial responsibility as the Bishop of Evreux. Clearly he is still a bishop. I meditated long and hard yesterday evening on this serious event for the Church which affects our country. Allow me to share with you my meditation and my prayer. 1. I am worried about my Church. A wound has opened up in its ecclesiastical body. It is a still more serious misfortune as it involves the communion between bishops. 3. Mgr Gaillot is a friend. He is a brother in the Episcopate. For many years, we have attended, together, a spiritual group, which usually gathers together several bishops. We have worked out, together, what we might call a ‘evangelical reason for our daily lives’. I have a great deal of respect for him. 6. Mgr Jacques Gaillot clearly has charisma: an evangelical presence. He makes one uncomfortable. He is provocative, even in his non-violent approach. But he reminds us that it is important to take the side of those mar- ginalized by society. He is not the only person committed to translating this into a way of life. I also feel this urgency. But his choice of a way of life, his temperament, his involvement of the media, his charismatic evangelization has all lent a very personal and original flavour. Many might empathize with this choice of a life in the public eye. Many others might reject this way of living as a bishop. There is conflict. Can one be a prophet and priest at the same time? Can one be a committed member of the college of bishops and go one’s own way, often judging one’s brothers?… Appendix 1 211 MGR JEAN VILNET, BISHOP OF

A bishop finds himself removed from being in charge of the diocese to which he was sent by the Church. This decision, to which he must submit, is of the utmost gravity. Mgr Gaillot and I have been linked for a long time because of our origins, because of the joint work we carried out as priests in the same diocese and later in our episcopal responsibilities. Father Gaillot, by accepting to no longer be the Bishop of Evreux confirms the best witness that he has always given us, of fidelity to our fragile Church and sinfulness of its members, strong and holy by the grace of its ‘head’ Christ. The evangelical witness which radiates from Father Gaillot is and will remain, I am sure, and I very much hope, a light which will lead to the true Light, that of the Good News, strong in its truthfulness. DC no. 2109 (5 Feb 1995) Bibliography

PAPAL , MOTU PROPRIO AND SO ON

Pius IX (1854) Leo XIII (1891) Leo XIII Libertas praestantissium (1988) Pius XI Ubi Arcano (1922) Pius XI Casti Connubii(1930) Pius XI (1931) Pius XI (1937) Pius XII Mediator Dei (1947) Pius XII Humani Generis ( 1951) John XXIII (1961) John XXIII (1963) Paul VI Insegnamenti (1966) Paul VI Christi Matri (1966) Paul VI Signum Magnum (1967) Paul VI Sacerdotalis Caelibatus (1967) Paul VI (1967) Paul VI (1968) Paul VI Marialis Cultus (1974) Paul VI Evangeli Nuntandia (1975) Paul VI Persona humana (1976) John Paul II (1981) John Paul II (1981) John Paul II Reconciliato et Paenitentia (1984) John Paul II (1987) John Paul II (1987) John Paul II Mulieris dignatatem (1988) John Paul II Ecclesia Dei adflicta (1988) John Paul II (1990) John Paul II Centesimus Anus (1991) John Paul II (1993) John Paul II (1993) John Paul II Socialium Scientarium (1994) John Paul II (1994) John Paul II Vitae mysterium (1994) John Paul II (1995) John Paul II (1996) Paul VI Speech to VIIIth Plenary Assembly of Italian bishops, DC no. 1589 (4 July 1971): 608–9 Paul VI General audience 31 December 1975 ‘Promouvoir la civilisation de l’amour’, DC no. 1691 (1 Feb 1976)

212 Bibliography 213

John Paul II Speech to UNESCO staff on 2 June 1980 in DC no. 1788 (2 June 1980) John Paul II Angelus, 29 September 1985 DC no. 1905 (3 Nov 1985) John Paul II ‘Le caractère pastorale du Concile’ Angelus, 27 October 1985 DC no. 1908 (15 Dec 1985) John Paul II Opening speech to 1985 synod, DC no. 1909 (5 Jan 1986) Pope John Paul II to Council of Europe (17 March) DC no. 1961 (1 May 1988) John Paul II Speech to International Congress on the 20th anniversary of Humanae Vitae, DC no. 1961 (1 May 1988) John Paul II Speech to French bishops, DC no. 1788 (15 June 1988) John Paul II Speech to the European parliament, Council of Europe and the European Court for Human Rights in DC no. 1971 (6 Nov 1988): 1043–6 John Paul II Address to the 1990 Synod on the Priesthood, DC no. 2107 (9 Dec 1990) John Paul II Address to Plenary Assembly of the Pontifical Council: L’Osservatore Romano (26 Nov 1990) John Paul II ‘The struggle between the and the culture of death continues’, Extraordinary Assembly of Cardinals, DC no. 2028 (19 May 1991) John Paul II General Audience March 31, ‘Le presbyterat, participation au sacerdoce du Christ’ DC no. 2072 (16 May 1993) John Paul II Letter from the Vatican, 12 April 1993, DC no. 2075 (4 Jul 1993) John Paul II ‘ Le prêtre, homme consacre a Dieu’ DC no. 2075 (4 Jul 1993) John Paul II Speech to1993 International Congress on ‘The Rights of Families and the Means of Social Communication’, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993) John Paul II Audience generale 2 June 1993, ‘Le pretre, homme de la priere’, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993) John Paul II General audience 17 July ‘Le celibat sacerdotal’, DC no. 2078 (September 1993) John Paul II ‘Letter to the Family’, DC no. 2090 (20 Mar 1994) John Paul II Public speech from the Vatican on 20 February 1994 ‘Homosexualité: une résolution “moralement inadmissible” du parlement européen’ DC no. 2091 (3 April 1994) John Paul II ‘Easter Message, Urbi et Orbi’, DC no. 2093 (April 1994) John Paul II ‘Message to Madame Nafis Sadik’, DC no. 2093 (1 May 1994) John Paul II ‘Letter to all Heads of State’, DC no. 2094 (15 May 1994) John Paul II ‘General Audience on Marriage and the Family’ (3 August 1994) DC no. 2101 (2 Oct 1994) John Paul II ‘Letter to the Children in the Year of the Family’, DC no. 2108 (15 Jan 1995) John Paul II ‘’ (10 Jul 1995) John Paul II ‘Message to French Catholics’, DC no. 2129 (7 Jan 1996): 5 John Paul II Letter to priests in his Jubilee year, DC 2135 (7 April 1996) John Paul II Speech to Pontifical Academy for Social Sciences (22 March 1996). DC no. 2137 (5 May 1996): 408–10 214 Bibliography

John Paul II Speech to the Spiritual Group of the Parliamentary Assemblies of France, on their visit to the Vatican (2 April 1996), DC no. 2137 (5 May 1996) John Paul II ‘Letter on the 50th anniversary of the Equipes Notre Dame’, DC no. 2175 (1 Feb 1998)

Vatican II documents

Sacrosanctum Concilium (1963) (1964) Presbyterorum Ordinis (1964) Apostolicam Actuositatem, the Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity (1965) (1965)

OTHER CHURCH DOCUMENTATION (IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER)

St Thomas, Summa Theologica, 1–11, Q.94, Article 2 ‘Les mouvements catholiques de jeunesse sous l’occupation’, DC no. 2 (1944): 9 Declaration of French Cardinals and Bishops Assembly, (December 1944), DC no. 3 Communiqué from Cardinal Suhard, DC no. 10 (1944): 6 Cardinal Liènart, sermon in Roubaix (15 Oct 1944) ‘Nous avons lutté pour sauver l’âme de la Patrie’, DC no. 11 (1944) Official Report of the Assembly of Cardinals and Archbishops 12–14 March 1946 Statement disbanding worker-priests, DC no. 1081 (May 1954): 1121 Theological Report of the Commission (26 June 1966), Constitution pastorale sur l’Eglise dans de ce temps, DC no. 1464 (6 Feb 1966): 194–283 1971 European meeting of the delegates for the Conseils Presbyteraux, DC no. 1586: 459–63 Rapport d’ouverture: II Problemes pratiques, DC no. 1596 (7 Nov 1971): 964–6 Synod of Bishops on the priesthood 1971, DC no. 1596, (7 Nov 1971): 989–92 Report on work carried out by Synod DC no. 1596 (7 Nov 1971): 959–93 Cardinal Hoeffner’s resumé, 5 October DC no. 1596 (7 Nov 1971): 962 1975 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,’Declaration on various ques- tions related to sexual ethics’, DC no. 1691 (1 Feb 1976): 108–14 Lefebvre, ‘J’accuse le concile’ DC no. 1705 (3 Oct 1976): 824– 8 ‘Déclaration des evêques de la religion apostolique de l’Est de la France’ (12 Oct 1976) DC no. 1708 (21 Nov 1976): 996–7 Declaration of the Plenary Assembly of the French Episcopate, ‘Fidélité et ministère du prêtre’, DC no. 1710 (15 Dec 1976): 1065 ‘Deux cent prêtres repondent aux eveques’, DC no. 1718 (17 April 1977) Evènements, DC no. 1816 (18 Oct 1981): 947 Bibliography 215

Congregation for the Faith, Declaration on various questions regarding sexual ethics, DC no. 1865 (1 Jan 1984) Lefebvre’s ‘Letter to the Pope’, DC no. 1874 (13 Jan 1984): 544–7 Preparation for the 1985 Extraordinary Synod of Bishops, DC no. 1905 (3 Nov 1985): 1015–16 1985 Extraordinary Synod of Bishops, DC no. 1909 (5 Jan 1986): 28–9 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger ‘La pastorale à l’égard des personnes homo- sexuelles’, DC no. 1930 (21 Dec 1986): 1160–4 Letter of excommunication DC no. 1967 (7 Jan 1988): 788 Committee for Catholic Education, report ‘L’Eglise et la culture universitaire’, DC no. 1964 (19 June 1988): 623–8 Plenary Assembly of the French Episcopate 25 Oct 1987 in DC no. 1973 (4 Dec 1988): 1147 Guidelines for the Study and Teaching of the Social Doctrine of the Church, (Homebush: Saint Paul Publication, 1989) Evènements, DC no. 2001 (4 Mar 1990): 278 ‘Lettre après une interview improvisée au Figaro’, DC no. 2002 (3 April 1990): 326 Father Pio Laghi, Synod on the Training of Priests in 1990 (20 October), DC no. 2107 (9 Dec 1990): 1051 Cardinal Ratzinger, ‘La défense de la vie’ keynote speech to Extraordinary Assembly of Cardinals in Rome (4–6 April 1991), Documentation Catholique no. 2028 (19 May 1991): 474–8 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, ‘On the question of changes in the law concerning non-discrimination for homosexuals’, DC no. 2056 (20 Sept 1992): 783–5, para 6 14–16 December, work of the French Epsicopate, DC no. 2065 (7 Feb 1993): 126–31 Report by the Prelate of the Mission de France Mgr André Lacrampe, DC no. 2065 (7 Feb 1993): 129 Pontifical Council for the Unity of Christians, DC no. 2075 (4 Jul 19 93): 625 Mgr Calude Frikart, Episcopal Commission for Migrants, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993): 697 Permanent Council of Bishops ‘Report on education’ 14–16 June, 1993, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993): 665–6 Mgr Piere Eyt, Assises nationales de l’enseignment catholique 14 May 1993, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993): 668–73 French Espiscopate Permanent Council, Bishops Conference, 14–16 June 1993, DC no. 2076: 665–6 Le Saint Siège et l’année internationale de la famille, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993) President of the Italian Episcopal Conference declaration of 14 June 1993, DC no. 2076 (18 Jul 1993) Evènements, DC no. 2088 (20 Feb 1994) Congrégation pour le clergé, Directoire pour le ministère et la vie des prêtres, DC no. 2092 (17 April 1994): 360–89 Text of the Pontifical Academy of Science, Resources and Population (1991) DC no. 2096 (19 June 1994) Cardinal Alfonso Lopez Trujillo, ‘Working paper for the Pontifical Council for the Family’, DC no. 2096 (19 June 1994): 556–70 ‘La mort du cardinal Albert Decourtray’, DC no. 2102 (16 Oct 1994): 893 216 Bibliography

Report to Permanent Council of French Episcopate, DC no. 2102 (16 Oct 1994) Documentation on the Synod held 2–26 October 1994, DC no. 2103 (6 Nov 1994): 936–61 and DC no. 2104 (20 Nov 1994): 980–5 ‘Jean-Paul II nomme trente cardinaux’, DC no. 2104 (20 Nov 1994): 1014 Report from the Episcopate 1994, DC no. 2104 (20 Nov 1994) Père Jean-Michel de Falco’s summary of the ‘Texte du secrétariat général de l’épiscopat français’, DC no. 2108 (15 Jan 1995): 75 Letter of 28 October 1995, pubished by the Congregation of the Faith, DC no. 2125 Speech by President Jacques Chirac to Pope John Paul II, DC no. 2131 (18 Feb 1996): 164–6 Déclaration de la Commission sociale de l’épiscopat ‘ Devant le sida, relancer l’espérance’, DC no. 2133 (3 Mar 1996): 237–40 Cardinal Lustiger’s speech to the Academy Française, DC no. 2135 (7 April 1996): 323–8 Communiqué from the General Secretariat of the Conference of the Bishops, DC no. 2138 (19 May 1996): 498 Letter from the Ile de France Bishops ‘l’accueil des immigrés dans notre pays’, DC no. 2138 (19 May 1996): 488–9 Text of the Episcopal Commission for the Family in France, DC no. 2141 (7 Jul 1996) Habitat II, Mgr Diarmuid Martin’s speech to the UN conference, DC no. 2142 (21 Jul 1996) Message of the Permanent Council of the Episcopate, DC no. 2141 (7 Jul 1996): 632–3 Letter to French Catholics from the French Bishops Conference, ‘Proposer la foi dans la société actuelle’, DC no. 2149 (1 Dec 1996) Declaration of French Episcopate, DC no. 2173 (4 Jan 1998): 15 Declaration of the French Episcopate, 8–10 December 1997, DC no. 2174: 73 ‘Déclaration de la Commission sociale des evêques de France’ (January 1998), DC no. 2177 (1 Mar 1998): 207 Permanent Episcopate in France, 9–11 March 1998, DC no. 2180 (19 April 1998): 377 Evènements, DC no. 2182 (17 May 1998): 498 Permanent Episcopate in France, 9–11 March 1998, DC no. 2180 (19 April 1998): 377 Document de la Congrégation pour l’Education permanente sur les normes fondamentales des diacres permanents, DC no. 2181 (3 May 1998): 409–23 para 37 Handbook of Nationale Jeunesse Mariale (67 rue de Sèvres, , undated)

SURVEYS, STATE DOCUMENTATION, CHARTERS, INTERVIEWS

Le plan Langevin-Wallon 1944–47, Projet de réforme de l’enseignement, Ministerial Commission for education, in M. Allaire and M.T. Frank, ‘Les politiques de l’éducation française’, La documentation française (1995) Bibliography 217

La réforme Berthoin de 1959, Ordonnance no. 59–45 of January 1959, in M. Allaire and M.T. Frank, ‘Les politiques de l’éducation française’ La documentation française (1995) Results of Paris-Match poll on Lefebvre (18 Sept 1976): published in DC no. 1705 (3 Oct 1976) ‘Cent mesures pour les femmes’ La Documentation francaise (Paris, 1976) Pro Mundi Vita Bulletin. ‘The situation of women in the . Developments since International Women’s Year,’ no. 83, Brussels, (October 1980) European Values Study Group (1990), Lumen Vitae, vol. 47 (1992) La décentralisation (1983) loi no. 83–663 of July 1983 in M. Allaire and M.T. Frank, ‘Les politiques de l’éducation française’ La documentation française (1995) European Values Study, 1990 Lumen Vitae, vol. 47 (1992) La Vie survey of 836 Catholics, 18+ (12 April 1990) Dossier: ‘Doit-on enseigner les religions au lycée?’ ARM (15 Oct 1990) survey, 20–22 November 1990, published on 28 Nov 1990 Dossier: ‘Les religions et le SIDA’, ARM 107 (15 Jan 1993): 22–3 Survey: Femmes en Responsabilité dans l’Eglise Cahiers de l’ISPC no. 9 Desclée, ARM 108 (15 Feb 1993) Survey by David and Jonathan of 433 homosexuals in 1991, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993) Survey by Julien Potel, 25 homosexual priests, ‘Prêtres séculiers, religieux et homosexualité’, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993) Survey 19–21 July 1993 of 1006 people aged 18+ on role of priests, ARM no. 114 (15 Sept 1993) ARM, CSA, La Vie, Le Monde, Survey ‘Les Français et leur croyances’ published in ARM 15 May 1994 Bulletin mensuel de statistique (Jan–March 1995), Vol XLIX no. 5 ( May 1995) Survey of all Western European values, persons aged 15 +, G. Manet, Euroscopie (Paris: Larousse, 1995) ‘Comment a évolué la situation des femmes en 25 ans’, Rapport mondial sur le développement humain, (1995) PNUD & UNICEF, published in Libération (4 Sept 1995) Survey by the CSA Institute, ARM, La Vie, Protestant Federation of France, Le Christianisme au Xxeme siècle, Le Messager Evangélique, Présence Protestante et Réforme of persons 18 years +, declaring themselves favourable to Protestantism. Results published in ARM (15 Oct 1995): 22–36 Survey on hours spent watching TV (1996) Eurodata TV, CNC Eurostat, UNESCO, in Francoscopie, Larousse, 1997: 34 IFOP survey on reasons for demonstrating against the loi Debré Revue française des sondages, no. 128 (March 1997): 35. Results of the poll appeared in Le Monde of 25 Feb 1997 Survey on the position of the Front National, Revue française des sondages, no. 128 (March 1997): 28. Poll appeared in Le Parisien on 11 Feb 1997 CSA poll of 1000 persons aged 18+ from 20–21 June 1997, ‘Les Français face à l’homosexualité’, La revue française des sondages no. 132 (July 1997): 34 218 Bibliography

Survey of 200 French companies, December 1997, La revue française des sondages no. 138 (February 1998). Survey by IPSOS, published in Le Nouvel economiste 30 Jan 1998 Institut national de la consommation ‘Droits du couple et de la famille’ 60 millions de consommateurs Hors-Série, no. 85 (March–April 1998) La revue française des sondages, ‘Les jeunes agricos et le syndicalisme’, February 1998, no. 138: 15 Survey on the position of the Front National, Revue française des sondages, no. 140 (April 1998): 31. Poll appeared in Le Parisien aujourd’hui Pre-election voting preference survey by telephone of 805 persons 18+, SOFRES, Revue française des sondages, no. 140 (April 1998): 17 David and Jonathan, The Charter, Loi Association of 1901, Paris, 1998 S. Tippett-Spirtou. Interview with Pierre-Alain Baud, of the Paris branch of David and Jonathan (3 June 1998)

ARTICLES

Manuel Acala, ‘El problema uniata’, Razon y Fe, tomo 229 (January/February 1994): 78–81 E. Aeshimann & P. Virot, ‘Plutôt contents, avec des nuances’, Libération (23 Jul 1998): 4 Guiseppe Alberigo, ‘Jean-Paul II. Dix ans de pontificat’ (1988), Etudes, vol. 36 (Paris: May 1993): 13–17 Mgr Ancel, ‘Un ouvrier, peut-il vivre en chrétien?’ Témoignage Chrétien no. 283 (Paris: 1949) Michel Barat ‘L’homme sans Dieu va-t-il à la dérive?’, ARM 116 (15 Nov 1993): 23 Gregory Baum, ‘The church’s evolving social teaching. Class struggle and : a new note’ Theology and Society (New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1987): 42–5 Catherine Bédarida, ‘Manqueraient-elles d’ambition?’ Le Monde de l’Education (Paris: July–August 1990): 28–31 A. Bevort, ‘Le syndicalisme français et la logique du recrutement sélectif: le cas de la CFTC–CDT’ (1994): 111–27 P. Bordeline, ‘Ethos de la vie étudiante et chance du religieux’, Lumière et Vie, no. 232, (1997): 51–61 O. Brachet and J. Crotil, ‘Les ‘lois pasqua’ dans les têtes et dans les textes’ Lumière et Vie, no. 233 (Lyon: Imprimerie Bosc, 1994) H. Bradley, ‘Changing Social Divisions, Class, Gender and Race’ in Bocock et al., Social and Cultural Forms of Modernity (Cambridge: the Open University, 1992): 11–22 Martin J. Bull, ‘The West European Communist Movement in the Late Twen- tieth Century’, West European Politics, vol. 18, no.1 (January 1995): 87–97 Sophie Caillat & Valentine Delcoustal, ‘Un front anti-Jacques Blanc à Démocratie Libérale’, Libération (18 Aug 1998): 11 José M. Castillo, ‘Los ministerios en la Iglesia’, Razon y Fe, no. 229 (1994): 168–74 Bibliography 219

Louise-Marie Chauver, ‘Le fondement sacramental de l’autorité dans l’Eglise’, Lumière et Vie no. 229, (September 1996): 67–80 Martine Cohen, ‘L’evangelisation selon Jean Paul II. Remarques socio- logiques’, Lumière et Vie vol. 40 (Paris: 1991–2): 81–6 J. Coleman, ‘Changing Values and Virtues’, Concilium vol. 191 (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, March 1987): 4–10 Hugh Compston, ‘Union Participation in Economic Policy Making in France, Italy, Germany and Britain, 1970–1993’, West European Politics vol. 18 no. 2 (April 1995): 314–39 David Curtis, ‘The Use of the Young Marx in the Front Populaire period (1934–1938)’, French Cultural Studies (1992) François Devinat, ‘Tonnerre dans les caves du Vatican’, Libération (4 Oct 1995): 35 , Letter published in Libération (16 Jan 1995.): 4 Van der Ven, ‘Moral Formation in the Church’, Concilium, vol. 191, (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, March 1987): 117–27 Marianne Dubertre, ‘Lumière et liberté’, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993): 31 M. Dunford, ‘Winners and Losers: the New Map of Economic Inequality in the European Union’, European Urban and Regional Studies (1994): 95–114 Jacques Duquesne, ‘Les religions font la une,’ Phosphore, December 1991: 32–6 Michael Gaine, ‘The State of the Priesthood’, in Adrian Hastings, Modern Catholicism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991): 246–55 Paul Gauthier ‘Les musulmans’, ARM 107 (15 Jan 1993): 9–11 Mgr Gilson, ‘Le point de vue de Mgr Gilson’ ARM 122 (15 May 1994): 45 Graham Gordon, ‘Religion, Secularization and Modernity’, Philosophy (1992) vol. 6: 23–37 Pierre-Jean Grange, Letter to editor, Chrétiens et SIDA no. 9 (June 1995) Pierre Grelot, ‘Mgr Monsieur Lefebvre et la foi catholique’, Etudes, vol. 368 (Paris: January 1988): 97–9 J. Gremillion, ‘Justice and Peace’, Adrian Hastings, Modern Catholicism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991): 187–94 L. Griffin, ‘Moral Criticism as Moral Teaching’ in The Making of an Economic Vision, (Maryland: University Press of American, 1991): 240–60 Jan Grootaers, ‘The Collegiality of the Synod of Bishops: an Unresolved Problem’, Concilium, vol. 4 (London 1981): 18–28 Laurent Gryzbowski, ‘Les religions font face au Front National’, ARM (15 Jul 1995): 12–13 L . Gryzbowski, ‘L’opinion de Joseph Moingt’, ARM no. 139 (15 Dec 1995): 6 Laurent Grzybowski, ‘Un peuple assoiffé de débat’, ARM no. 136 (15 Sept 1995): 19–22 Laurent Grzybowski, ‘Faut-il excommuniquer le Pen?’ ARM no. 155 (15 May 1998): 9–10 Jean-Paul Guetny, ‘Questions à l’Église’, ARM 107 (15 Jan 1993): 38–9 J.P. Guetny, ‘Le pour et le contre’, ARM 108 (15 Feb 1993): 29–31 Jean-Paul Guetny, ‘Pierre de Locht: Un homme arc-bouté a l’évangile’, ARM no. 115 (15 Oct 1993): 41–5 J.P. Guetny, ‘Les tribulations de la fille ainée’, ARM no. 117 (15 Dec 1993): 48–9 220 Bibliography

Jean-Paul Guetny’s ‘Dix Questions sur la démographie’ ARM no. 124 (15 Jul 1994): 29–31 Jean-Paul Guetny, ‘Les Catholiques en voie de réforme,’ ARM (15 Oct 1995): 22–36 Jean-Paul Guetny, Interview with Mgr Etchegaray ‘Gaudium et Spes’, ARM (15 Dec 1995): 13 J.P. Guetny, ‘Pour un changement de régime’, ARM no. 136 (15 Sept 1995): 32–6 J.P. Guetny, Interview with Claire Daurelle, ARM 139, (15 Dec 1995): 39–42 Jean-Paul Guetny, Interview with Martine Sevegrand, ARM no. 142 (15 March 1997): 4–6 Jean-Paul Guetny, ‘Ce sexe- que l’on dit mal aimé’, ARM no. 153 (15 Mar 1998): 20–2 Andrew Gumbel, ‘Covered in Confusion’ the Guardian (6 Oct 1994): 10–11 A. Hastings, ‘Catholic History from Vatican I to John Paul II’ in Adrian Hastings, Modern Catholicism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991): 13 Peter Hebblethwaite, ‘John Paul II’ in Adrian Hastings, Modern Catholicism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991): 447–56 P. Hebblethwaite, ‘The Society of Jesus’ in Hastings (1991): 256–9 M. Hebrard, ‘Connue mais pas reconnues’, ARM 108 (15 Sept 1993): 18 N. Henry, ‘Gender parity in French Politics’, Political Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 3 (July–September 1995): 177 Marc Horwitz, ‘Médicamment parlant’, ARM no. 120 (15 Mar 1994): 20–2 Gwendoline Jarcyk, ‘Le sacerdoce selon l’ecriture et la tradition’, France Catholique (8 Oct 1971) document no. 55: 9–12 Marie Jeannin, ‘A chaque religion ses experiences’, ARM (15 Jun 1990): 35–7 Franck Johannes ‘La législation sur les étrangers a des effets pervers’, Libération (16 Jan 1995) Section Métro 4 L. Keane, ‘Natural Law and Birth Control’ in Keane L. et al. On Human Life: an Examination of Humanae Vitae (London: Burns and Oates, 1968) William Keenan, Founder of Opus Dei (Dublin: Veritas, 1990) Xavier Lacroix, ‘La sexualité au temps du sida’ Etudes (1993) no. 3795: 483–93 Serge Lafitte, ‘Célibataires pour le royaume’ ARM no. 153 (15 Mar 1997): 32–4 Guy Lafon, letter to Chrétiens et SIDA, no. 10–11 (November 1995): 3 F.J. Laishley ‘Unfinished Business’ in Adrian Hastings, Modern Catholicism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991): 215–35 Yves Lambert, ‘From parish to transcendent humanism in France’ SAGE Studies in International Sociology vol. 37 (London: 1991): 56–63, James A. Beckford and Thomas Luckmann (Eds) M. Lauder, ‘Religious story, religious truth, religious pluralism: a prole- gomenon to religious faith’, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, vol. LXV (1991): 235–7 D.H. Léger, ‘Socio-religious Change in France: Trends in French Catholicism’, in J.M. Howarth et al. Contemporary France (London: Pinter, 1987): 111–29 Michel Legrain, ‘Les Catholiques divorcés remariés. Recherches actuelles’, Lumière et vie, vol. 41 (March 1992): 50–62 Wofgang Lienemann, ‘Churches and Homosexuality’, Ecumenical Review, vol. 50 no. 1 (Jan 1998): 8–21 Bibliography 221

Claire Lesgretain, ‘Un Chemin pour s’en sortir’, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993): 42–3 Claire Lesgretain, ‘Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir’, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993): 24–7 Claire Lesgretain, ‘Troisième conférence des pretres mariés’, ARM no. 114 (15 Sept 1993): 29 Paul-Elie Levy, ‘France’s born again fascist’, Observer (8 December 1991) Hermann Lübbe, ‘La sécularisation ou l’affaiblissement social des institutions religieuses’, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, no. 2 (1995): 165–83 Cardinal Lustiger, Letter published in Libération (16 Jan 1995): 4 Richard McBrien, ‘The Church (Lumen Gentium)’ in Hastings (1991): 84–95 Christian Makharian, ‘L’enigme mariale’ Actualité Religieuse dans le Monde no. 150 15 Dec 1997: 26–7 Kenan Malik, ‘The rise of Jean-Marie Le Pen’, Living Marxism, issue 43 (May 1992) Isabelle Mandraud, ‘En Europe, le chômage sur la bonne pente’, Libération, (30–31 May 1998): 16 J. Margenat, ‘10 Tesis sobre la religion en la reforma educativa’ Razon y Fe no. 220 (Madrid:1990): 471–84 Guy Michelat ‘Dis-moi quel est ton age…’ ARM no. 122 (15 May 1994): 40–3 Mission de France priests’ Letter in Libération (16 Jan 1995.): 4 Gilles Millet, ‘Procès de 13 islamistes soupçonnés de soutien au terrorisme en Algérie, voire en Europe’, Libération (4 Sept 1995): 3 Pr Luc Montaigner, Address to the Vatican Conference on AIDS, ARM. no. 122 (15 May 1994) D. Nicholl, ‘Other religions (Nostra Aetate)’ in Hastings (1991): 126–33 Robert Noe, ‘Wittgenstein, Pheneomenology, and What it makes Sense to Say’, Philosophy and Research vol. XIV, no. 1 (Michigan: Brown University, March 1994): 83–6 C. O’Shea, ‘Desde Peking: el ruido y las nueces’, El Mundo (15 Sept 1995) J.C.R. Paredes, ‘Habitantes del limite: religiosas y religiosos ante el Sinodo 1994’, Razon y Fe, tomo 229: 250 J. Potel, ‘Un peuple et son au-dela’ ARM no. 122 (15 May 1994): 43–6 E. Poulat ‘The Future of the Worker Priests’ (1969) in N. Birnbaum and G. Lenzer ‘Sociology and Religion’ (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1969): 366–72 Jean-Luc Pouthier, Interview with Philippe Levillain ‘Le Saint-Siège a fait preuve d’une patience inattendue’, Libération (16 Jan 1995): 4 O. Power, ‘People at liturgy’, Concilium, SCM Press, (1983) volume 4 Pascal Riché, ‘La richesse morcelle l’Europe des régions’ Libération (14 Aug 1998): 14 J. Robert, ‘La liberté religieuse dans un etat démocratique – problèmes et solutions’, Conscience et liberté, no. 54 (Courtray: SAGIM, 1977): 23–46 Peter Sandford, ‘Sex in the Seminary’, Guardian Supplement (21 Mar 1992): 10–11 B. Sesboué, ‘Les animateurs pastoraux laics: une perspective théologique’, Etudes (September 1992): 79–84 Dominique Simonnot, ‘Opération sans-logis à la clinique d’Amiens’, Libération (16 Jan 1995): 18–19 222 Bibliography

L. Swidler, ‘Demo-kratia, the rule of the people of God, or Consesus Fidelum’ in Authority in the Church (New York: the Crossroad Publishing Company: 1982): 226–43 Djénane K. Tager, ‘Les prophètes d’un nouveau monde’ ARM no. 111 (15 Jun 1993): 24–5 D.K. Tager, ‘Des prêtres pas comme les autres’, ARM no. 108 (15 Feb 1993): 24–6 D.K. Tager, ‘Le droit a l’amour, ARM no. 112 (15 Jul 1993): 30 D.K. Tager, ‘Les hérauts sont fatigués’, ARM no. 114 (15 Sept 1993): 12–14 D.K. Tager, ‘Du bon usage des turbulents’, ARM no. 130 (15 Feb 1995): 26–7 D.K. Tager, ‘Un Gaillot ne fait pas le printemps’ interview with Emile Poulat, ARM no. 130, (15 Feb 1995): 18–20 Djénane Kareh Tager, ‘Le sentier escarpé de la démocratie’, ARM no. 136 (15 Sept 1995): 16–18 The Episcopal Committee of Migrants, ‘Non aux mots qui tuent’ (17 September), ARM no. 148 (15 Oct 1997) G. Théotis, ‘Le message de Lourdes’, ARM no. 132 (15 Dec 1995): 7 Paul Valadier, ‘Le voile’, ARM no. 129 (15 Jan 1995): 9 Luc Verschave, ‘Les Catholiques et leur Eglise’, ARM (15 Jun 1990): 12–13 M.J. Walsh, ‘The Conservative Reaction’ in Hastings (1991): 283–8 G. Zizola, ‘Italie, a droite, tous’, ARM 122 (15 May 1994): 12–13 G. Zizola, ‘La croisade contre ‘L’ impérialisme contraceptif’’, ARM 124 (15 Jul 1994) G. Zizola, ‘Pourquoi ce durcissement…’, ARM no. 123 (15 Jul 1994): 12–13 G. Zizola, ‘Le testament du cardinal Congar’, ARM 128 (15 Dec 1994): 11–13 G. Zizola, ‘Le Pape, la curie et l’info’, ARM no. 136 (15 Sept 1995): 29–31 G. Zizola, ‘Rome déclare infallible son refus d’ordonner les femmes’, ARM no. 139 (15 Dec 1995): 4–5

BOOKS

John Ardagh, France in the 1980’s (London: Pelican, 1977) P. Bernard and H. Dubief, The Decline of the Third Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985) Ernst Bloch, The Principle of Hope (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986) first published as Das Prinzip Hoffnung (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1959) D. Bonhoeffer, Ethics (London: SCM Press, 1955) translated from Ethnik (Munich: C. Kaiser, 1949) D. Bonhoeffer, Creation and Fall (London: SCM Press, 1959) translated from Schopfung und Fall (Munich: 1937) D. Bonhoeffer, Letters and Writings from Prison (London: SCM Press, 1967) translated from Nachfolge (Munich: 1937) D. Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship, 1948 (London: SCM Press) William Bosworth, Catholicism and Crisis in Modern France (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1962) Bibliography 223

Pierre Bourdieu, Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture,(London: Sage Publications, 1977) Pierre Bourdieu, Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, (London: Routledge, Keegan and Paul, 1984) Teilhard de Chardin, Le coeur de la matière, Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1951 Teilhard de Chardin, The Future of Man (London: Collins, 1969) R. Cholij, Clerical Celibacy in East and West (London: Fowler Wright Books, 1989) Peter Coleman, Gay Christians. a Moral Dilemma (London: SCM Press, 1989) A. Coutrot and F.G. Dreyfus, Les forces religieuses dans la société française Collection U (Paris: Armand Colin, 1965) Madeleine Debrel, Nous autres gens des rues (Paris: Seuil, 1966) Roger Deliat, Vingt Ans chez Renault (Paris: Les Editions Ouvrieres, 1973) Claire Duchen, Feminism in France (London: Routledge, 1986) John Epstein, Has the Catholic Church Gone Mad? (London: Tom Stacey, 1981) Claire Etcherelli, Elise ou la vraie vie (Paris: Denoel, 1967) J. Forbes and N. Hewlett, Contemporary France (New York: Longman, 1994) J. Flower, France Today (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1993) Roger Garaudy, Christian-Communist Dialogue (New York: Doubleday and Company, 1968) Roger Garaudy, Marxism in the Twentieth Century (London: Collins, 1970) Roger Garaudy, The Alternative Future (London: Penguin, 1976) J. Gaillot, Ma liberté dans l’église (Paris: Albin Michel, 1989) J. Gaillot, Le monde crie, l’Eglise murmure (Paris: Albin Michel, 1991) J. Gaillot, Paroles sans frontières (Paris: Albin Michel, 1993) J. Gaillot, Les cris du coeur (Paris: Albin Michel, 1994) Gabriel-Marie Garrone, Que faut-il croire? (Paris: Desclée 1969) J.Grootaers, De Vatican II à Jean-Paul II le grand tournant de l’Eglise catholique (Paris: Editions de Centurion, 1981) Alphonse Haensler, Curé de campagne (Paris: Presses de la Renaissance, 1978) Eric Hanson, The Catholic Church in World Politics (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987) C.W. Harvey, Husserl’s Phenomenology and the Foundations of Natural Science, Series in Continental Thought, Centre for Advanced Research in Phenomenology (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1989) S. Hazareesingh, Political Traditions in Modern France (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) P. Hebblethwaite, The Runaway Church (London: Collins, 1975) J. Hooper, The Secret World of Opus Dei (London: Grafton, 1995) L. Jacquet and E. Ancel, Un militant ouvrier dialogue avec un êveque (Paris: les éditions ouvriers, 1982) Paul Johnson, Pope John Paul II and the Restoration (London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1982) R.W. Johnson, The Long March of the French Left (London: Macmillan Press, 1981) Gisela Kaplan, Contemporary Western European Feminism (London: Allen & Unwin, 1992) 224 Bibliography

U. King, Women in dialogue. A New Vision of Ecumenism. Feminist theology, a reader (London: SPCK, 1990) Robert Kothen, The Priest and the Proletariat (London: Sheed and Ward, 1948) Frances Lannon, Privilege, Persecution and Prophecy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987) René Laurentin, La question mariale (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1963) Felix Lelubre, Culture ouvrière, une vie, collection Pistes (Paris: Centre Jean- Bart, 1982) F. Leprieur, Quand Rome condamne: Dominicains et prêtres-ouvriers (Paris: Plon et les éditions du Cerf, 1989) Pierre de Locht, Les couples et l’église (Paris: Le Cerf, 1976) Pierre de Locht, Itinéraire d’un croyant (Paris: Le Cerf, 1981) Pierre de Locht, Morale sexuelle et magistère (Paris: Le Cerf, 1992) Thomas Luckmann, The Invisible Religion: the Problem of Religion in Modern Society (New York: Macmillan, 1970) Jane Marceau, Class and Status in France – Economic Change and Social Immobility 1945–75 (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1977) G. Marchandise, La tradition vivante. Prêtres pour nous, chrétien avec vous, (Paris: Editions CIF, 1984) Karl Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (London: Cambridge University Press, 1970) John McNeill, Les exclus de l’Eglise: S’apprendre à s’aimer (Paris: Filipacchi, 1993) Yves Mény, Government and Politics in Western Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) M. Merle, L’Eglise Catholique et les relations internationales, Série Eglise et Société (Paris: Editions du Centurion, 1988) In Charles Micaud, Communists and the French Left (London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1963) E. Mounier, L’amour, le sexe et les catholiques (Paris: Le Centurion, 1994) E. Mounier, Le personnalisme (Paris: Presses Universitaires, 1955) Open University, Issues in Women’s Studies (Milton Keenes: Open University Press, 1992) Harry Paul, The Second Ralliement – the Rapprochement between Church and State in France in the Twentieth Century (Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press 1967) Victor Perez-Diaz, The Return of Civil Society (New York: Harvard University Press, 1993) D. Perrot, Les fondations de la mission de France (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1987) Pierre Pierrard, Histoire des curés de campagne (Paris: Plon, 1986) N. Pigasse, Croient-ils tous au même Dieu? (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1987) Julien Potel, Ils se sont mariés…et après? (Paris: Editions l’Harmattan, 1986) Paul Preston, The Politics of Revenge (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990) Prêtres et al., Les conditions d’un choix: onze témoignages de prêtres sur leur engagement au célibat (Toulouse: Privat, 1970) K. Rahner, Christian at the Crossroads, (London: Burns and Oates, 1977) Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, The Ratzinger Report (London: Fowler Wright, 1985) Bibliography 225

N. Ravitch, The Catholic Church and the French Nation 1589–1989 (London: Routledge 1990) K. Reader, Intellectuals and the Left in France since 1986 (London: Macmillan, 1987) René Rémond, L’anti-cléricalisme en France: de 1815 à nos jours (Paris: Fayard, 1976) N.F. Rengger Political Theory, Modernity and Postmodernity (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1995) Louise Rinser, Une femme d’aujourd’hui et l’Eglise (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1970) George Ritzer, The McDonaldization of Society (Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, 1993) J. Robert, Prêtre-ouvrier insoumis (Paris: Les éditions du Cerf, 1993) J.D. Roberts, A Philosophical Introduction to Theology (London: S.C.M. Press, 1991) Eric Roussel, Le cas le Pen: les nouvelles droites en France (Paris: Presse Cameron, 1985) R.Scase, Industrial Societies: Crisis and Division in Western Capitalism and State (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989) Martine Sevegrand, Les enfants de Bon Dieu (Paris: Albin Michel, 1995) Gregory Siefer, The Church and Industrial Society (London: Dartman, Longman and Todd, 1964) M. Slater, Contemporary French Politics (London: Macmillan, 1985) Robert Speaight, De Chardin, a Biography (London: Cloves and Son, 1967) Anne Stevens The Government and Politics of France (London: Macmillan, 1992) Emmanuel Todd, The Making of Modern France, Politics, Ideology and Culture, (Cambridge: Blackwell, 1991) Emmanuel Todd, La Nouvelle France, Collection Histoire Immédiate (Paris: Seuil, 1988) Vaughan, Kolinsky, and Sheriff, Social Change in France (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1980) Marina Warner Alone of All Her Sex (London: Picador, 1976) P. Warnier, Le diaconat (Paris: les éditions de l’Atelier, 1994) Brian Wilson, Religion in Secular Society: a Sociological Comment (London: Watts, 1966) Paul Xardel, La flamme qui dévore le berger: eléments de spiritualité pour l’évan- gelisation (Paris: Editions du Cerf, Collection Epiphanie, 1993)

LEAD ARTICLES, EDITORIALS

Fraternité Française, no. 24, special edition, supplement to 17 Dec 1955 edition Fraternité Française, no. 31, special edition, supplement to 24 Dec 1955 edition Fraternité Française, no. 38 (11 Feb 1956) Editorial, Le Monde (16 Dec 1993) 226 Bibliography

Editorial, Le Monde (13 Jan 1994) Leader, Guardian (10 Sept 1994) Leader, Libération (16 Jan 1995) Leader, Independent (11 Jul 1995) Leader, Libération (4 Sept 1995): 6 Editorial, Chrétiens et Sida, no. 10–11 (November 1995) Editorial, ‘PAC’, Libération (29 May 1998) Editorial, ‘Jean Tiberi, gardien du marriage hétéro’, Libération (16 Aug 1998) Leader, Independent, Friday review (7 Aug 1998)

REFERENCE BOOKS

Revue de l’histoire de France, ed. Cauvin (Paris: 1992) Feminism and Psychoanalysis, a Critical Dictionary, ed. Elizabeth Wright (USA: Blackwell 1992) Francoscopie (Paris: Larousse, 1996) Record of World Events, Keesings (September, 1994) Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1989) The Jerusalem (London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1971) New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. III, 1967 (New York, London: McGraw-Hill)

TV PROGRAMMES

France 3 Catholicisme en France (28 Nov 1990) Channel 4 Catholics and Sex (22 May 1995) France 3 & BFC Les dossiers de l’histoire, co-production, Lyons (29 May 1998) Index

Abbé Jacques, see Eric Morena agriculture, see farmers Abbé de Nantes, 118 AIDS, 32–7 Abbé Pierre, 112, 162 church’s response to, 181–2 culture of death, 182 anti-abortionists, 8, 18, 186 sexual activity, 25, 29 Aquinas, Thomas of, 8, 86 n100 see also homosexuality; Islam; Casti Connubii, 2 Pope John Paul II church aid, 42 n67 see under contraceptive ‘civilization of love’; see also under devices; Pope Paul VI , 53, 56, 65–6, 109–10, Evangelium Vitae, 19, 181 81 n16, 82 n33 Familiaris Consortio, 13 JAC, 109 Humanae Vitae, 7–8 MFR, 109 illegal , 40 n31 priests, 147 legalization, 11; see also Cairo see also anti-clericalism; Islam Conference alternative beliefs see New Age Martini, 18 Philosophies; God Mulieris Dignatatem, 4 anti-clericalism, 51–54 1994 survey on, 19 Islam, 187, 203 n30 Numbers of abortions, 18 nineteenth century, 105 Papal documents, church teaching anti-Dreyfusism see Castelnau on anti-semitism, 93, 118 priests in anti-abortion Garaudy, 112 demonstrations, 17–18 immigration, 122 Ratzinger, 38; see also de Papon, 132 n23 Beauvoir, Simone see also Action Française; Le Pen; State’s position on, 11–12 Poujade Vita Consecrata, 19 Assemblée des prêtres solidaires see see also contraception priests Action Catholique, 50, 95–8, 100, 107, atheism, 69, 71, 80; see also God 108, 113 authority, 117, 152, 167, 181, 192–93, Action Catholique Ouvrière 196, 202; see also under Catholic (ACO), 100, 164; see also CGT Church, structure of; worker Herbulot; see also under youth priests; priests, role of see also organisations collegiality; individualism; aggiornamento, see underVatican II ; STO anathema sit, see under Vatican II Action Française, 89–91; see also Pius de Balaguer, José Maria, 114; see IX; see also under Pius XI; Pius also Opus Dei XII Balladur, Eduourd, 36, 58 agape, see under Mary Baudrillart, Cardinal, 92–3 Agir contre chômage, see under de Beauvoir, Simone, 10–11 see also employment Weil, Simone

227 228 Index

Berlusconi, Silvio, 84 n69, 121, 139 Chirac, Jacques, 75 n184 trade unions, 102 Bloch, Ernst, 105; see also de Chardin Chrétienité-solidarité see Le Pen Blum, Léon, 90–1, 131 n5 Christian Democratic Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 73, 108 doctrine, 104–105, 108, 128, 166; Bordieu, Pierre, 61, 83 n56 see also de Chardin; Marxism le Bras, Gabriel, 68 Mounier party, 104, 130; see brotherhood; see diaspora; priests also MRP view of church, 128 Cairo Conference, 16–17, 24–5, 38; Christi Matri see under Mary; see also see also contraception; Pope Paul VI population civilization of death see under Pope capitalism see under Centesimus John Paul II Annus; see also Cor Unum; civilization of love see under Pope Laborem Exercens; Popularum Paul VI Progressio; Rerum Novarum; Clovis, King of Francs, 75, 86 n110 Socialium Scientarium; Collard, Cyril, 31 Solicitudo Rei Socialis collegiality Cartel des Gauches see Castelnau Vatican II, 150, 152 Castelnau, General, 50, 93 synods, 155 Casti Connubii see contraception see also under Opus Dei Catholic Church see also authority advice on voting, 108, 122, 190, Congar, Yves, 73–74, 164, 192, 197, 134 n68; see under women 174 n52 attendance of, 65, 68, 71, 72, 75, communism 80, 187 condemned, 108, 128, 147, 148; see democracy in, 196–201 also Humani Generis; Opus Dei Papal head of, see Pope(s) 1989, 138 n162, 140 n214 persecution of, 93–94, 135 n91 and Polish church, 120, 176 n81 political role, 128 post World War II, 189–90 structure of, fig 1, xiii, 1, 130, 172, subculture, 145, 190, 200; see also 192, 194–5, 197–8 under Catholic Church, see structure versus organization, 195 also PCF; Marxism subculture, 98, 200: see also com- communities see diaspora, see also munism; youth organizations worker priests see Social Confédération Française des Catholicism Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC), celibacy see Mary; see under priests 93, 99–104, 147, 158 , 79 Confédération Démocratique du capitalism, 126–7 Travail (CFDT), 99–104 see also Pope John Paul II; Rerum Confédération Général des Cadres Novarum (CGC), 101 de Chardin Confédération Général des works, 135 n84 Travailleurs (CGT), 93, 98–103, societies, 106 158, 164, 165 Pope John Paul II against, 121 priests, 147 see also Humani Generis; Christian Confédération Générale des Democratic doctrine; travailleurs unis (CGTU), Marxism 98–103 Index 229

Confédération nationale des jeunes Debré, Michel, 81 n18 agriculteurs (CNJA); see also Decourtray, Archbishop, 35, 36, under youth organizations 163–4, 184, 177 n105 contraception, 199 Déliat, Roger, 164–5 Cairo summit on world le deuxième sexe see de Beauvoir population, 16–17 diaconate, 168; see also priests Casti Connubii, 2 diaspora, 154, 195, 205 n61 coitus interruptus, 7–8 Divini Redemptoris see Humani contraception versus abortion, 8 Generis elections 1965, 6 divorce, 12–14 Humanae Vitae, 7, 8, 9, 15, 19, 74, Equipe Notre Dame, 14 180–1; see also Evangelium see also family; women Vitae Droits au Logement see homeless imperialistic nature of, 26 Duval, Joseph Mgr, 18, 36 lack of – implications for womens Durkheim, Emile, 61 health, 38 legalization, 1967, 6, 11 Echange et dialogue, 153; see also Letter to Families (1994), 16 priests; worker-priests Martini and contraception, 18 ecumenism, 74, 77, 79, 107, 119, 122, morality – questions for church, 193, 198, 204 n53; see also 38 Protestantism; see also under 1980 Synod of Bishops, 13 authority; women’s ordination state bans contraception 1920, 9 education, 49–87 Pope’s crusade against baccalaurèat, 81 n9 contraception, 14–18 Catholic schools, 52–3, 58 Rio, conference on the colonialism, 82 n35 environment, 14 family, 58–9 Sisters of the Countryside, 5 Grandes écoles, 55, 77, 41 n44, 82 UN, 38 n29, 82 n30 Vatican II, 7 laïcisme, 49, 55–7 widespread use of, 7 laïcité, 53, 56–7, 79, 188, 81 n15 see also Paul VI and the loi Falloux, 58 civilization of love; and under loi Fauré, 55 population lois laïques, 50 contraceptive devices loi Savary, 55 AIDS and prophylactics, 34–5; see lycée, 81 n24, 81n26, 54–58 also AIDS 1960s onwards, 54–5 Pope John Paul and private schools, 81 n27; see also AIDS/condoms, 36–7 under Catholic schools see also Gaillot religious, 51, 56–9 Cor Unum, 126, 129 as socialization, 51–2 two-tier system, 52 Daurelle, Claire, 183 under Vichy, 52–3 David and Jonathan see under universities, 1968, 54–5; see also homosexuality under youth organizations; death, 67, 69, 70, 71, 43 n93; see also see also Opus Dei civilization of death; God see also anti-clericalism; Islam; Debatisse, Michel, 96; see also JAC; MRP; Pope Paul VI; Monnet Rocard 230 Index employment in 1930s, 1 Agir contre chômage, 162 trade unionism, 102–103 unemployment, 129 see also divorce; Mary; MFR see also Cor Unum; Rerum women Novarum; Social Catholicism see also under education encyclicals see under individual farmer priests, 169 names see also CNJA; Debatisse; popular, 196 FNSEA; JAC; Monnet engagement, 159; see also Fédération Nationale Catholique see existentialism; Marxism under Action Catholique; see also eschatology, 62; see also Pope John Castelnau Paul II (Vatican II); Fédération nationale des syndicats secularization d’expolitants agricoles Equipe Notre Dame see under divorce (FNSEA), 103; see also farmer eros, see under Mary priests d’Estaing, Giscard, 11 feminism, 4, 6, 12, 79–80, 171–2, 179 Etchegary, Roger, Cardinal, 127 n139 European values study group, 68–74 Psych et Po, 12 European Court for Human Rights, Ratzinger, 4–5; see also de 78 Beauvoir; Mary women Evangeli Nuntandia, 76; see also Pope see also under Cairo Conference Paul VI Fidei Donum, 149; see also Pius XII; evangelium Vitae, 19, 181; see also and under priests abortion; Humanae Vitae; Fini, Gianofranco, 121 Pope John Paul II , 105 evangelization, 57, 64, 75, 78, 94 Force Ouvrière, 100–2 Catholic movements, 5 Fourth Republic, 80, 110, 81 n16; see education, 57 also de Gaulle response to secularization, 76–79, Franco,General, 91, 136 n118; see 145; see also Mission de France also Mater et Magistra; Pacem in see also Clovis; MFR; Redemptoris Terris Missio; Ubi Arcano Dei free will see individualism Consilio; youth organizations Front National, 59, 123 existentialism Catholic voters, 72, 118, 123, 190 and Pope John Paul, 159; see also ideology, 59, 194, 200–1 Sartre Lefebvre’s priests, 117 Extraordinary Assembly of post WWII, 107 Cardinals, 1991, 4, 15 public opinion, 124 votes gained note, 83 n47; 1980 Familiaris Consortio, 13 elections, 121; 1995 elections, children’s education, 58–9 121 ‘population myth’, 17 see also Marxism; see under le Pen see also divorce; Pope John Paul II Front Populaire see Blum family changing structure of, 9–10, 32, 38, Gaillot, Jacques, 34–5, 161–2, 166, 58–9, 80, 180, 199 173, 191, 195–6; see also, 208–11 church teaching on, 12, 69, see also Gantin, Cardinal, 127 under individual encyclicals Gaudium et Spes see under and Gaudium et Spes, 25 Vatican II Index 231 de Gaulle, Charles, 98, 107–110 pasqua law, 122 Gaullist party, 121 see also Front National; Islam; see also Fourth Republic anti-semitism Garaudy, Roger, 112; see also the Index, 73 Marxist-Christian dialogue; abolished, 74, 85 n98 anti-semitism see also Congar; Humani Generis God individualism, 188–9, 200, 41 n39 belief in, 67, 69–74 consciousness, 68 see also Death; Nostra Aetate; Pope John Paul II, 160 Protestantism; secularization socialization into church, 104 Grandes écoles see under education Service travail obligatoire (STO), Green party see Les Verts 92, 74 Groupe Libération Homosexualité, 31 see also under Humanae Vitae Guetny, Jean Paul, 36, 181–2 Ineffabilis Deus see under Mary Guigou, Elizabeth, 32 infallibility, 1, 197, 39 n6 collegiality, 151–2; see also Opus hajib see Islam Dei headscarf affair, see under Islam; see Humanae Vitae, 8, 19, 74 also Algerian War women’s ordination, 169–71, Herbulot, Mgr, 162–3 185–6; see also Ordinatio homeless Sacerdotalis Droits au Logement DAL, 162 see also individualism Habitat II, 162 Insegnamenti homosexuality, 25–32 Vatican II, 156 David and Jonanthan, 28–9, 196 see also Pope Paul VI dysfunctional, 27, 29 intégrisme, 89 Gay Pied, 34 see also, x Lui, 34 Islam, 59 Persona Humana, 27 AIDS, 181 Sacramentum Mundi, 25–6 Cairo conference, 16–17 and women’s ordination, 170 headscarves, 56, 57, 58, 188 see also Gaillot see under anti-clericalism; education see also under priests; Ratzinger Humanae Vitae Jesuits, 59, 105, 115, 197; see also de 20th anniversary of, 19 Lubac homosexuality, 25 Jeunesse Agricole Catholique (JAC) individualism, 9, 74 see under youth organizations see also abortion, contraception; Jeunesse Etudiant Chrétienne (JEC) Pope John Paul VI see under youth organizations see under infallibility; Vatican II Jeunesse Mariale, 76, 97 Humani Generis, 108 Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrétienne de Chardin, 106 (JOC) see under youth denouncing communism, 108 organizations Mission de France, 86 n101 Jonas, 161, 196 see also Pope Pius XII Jospin, Lionel, 57, 129 journals immigration l’Aube, 91 church response to laws, 162–3; Actualité Religieuse, 197 see also Herbulot Christians and AIDS, 33 232 Index journals (cont.) lois laïques see education Concilium, 164 , 13 la Croix, 110 de Lubac, Henri, 22, 74 Croyants en Liberté, 197 Luckmann, Thomas, 63, 66, 68, 194 Esprit, see Mounier Lustiger, Cardinal, 35–6, 163, 199, 43 Ecclesia, 94 n94, 177 n105 Gay Pied, 34 Lui, 34 McNeil, John, 30, 182 Témoignage Chrétien, 93, 110, Marialis Cultus; see under Mary; see 197 also Pope Paul VI Justice and Peace, 126–7 Marian cult see Mary Martini, Carlo Maria, Cardinal, 18, Laborem Exercens, 125–7; see also 199 Pope John Paul II Marx, Karl, 62, 83 n59 Lacan, Jacques, 12 Marxism, 100 Lacroix, Xavier, 31 false ideology, 120–1 Lafon, Guy, 33 ideology, 104–5, 146, 159, 190 Lambert, Yves, 66–8, 69–72 , 125 Lautrey, Pierre, 25 Third Communist International, laïcisme, see under education 98 laïcité, see under education view of Le Pen, 83, n85 lay people see also communism; May 1968; Catholics in politics, 107 PCF Pontifical Council for, 78 Marxist-Christian dialogue, 111–12 see also Action Catholique; and Pope John Paul II, 120 women; youth see also Garaudy Lefebvre, Mgr, 115–117 Mary anti-Vatican II, 115, 116, 117, 191, agape, 4, 40 n16 198 cult of the Virgin Mary, 3–4; Ecclesia Dei adflicta, 117 Vatican II, 3, 39 n13; see also excommunicated, 207–8 Jeunesse Mariale, 97–8; see see also Front National also Daurelle, Claire, 183–4 Letter to children in the Year of the eros, 4, 40 n17 Family, 14 ineffability (Ineffabilis Deus), 2, 39 Liberation theology, 113–114, 182, n5 186 Papal encyclicals: Christi Matri, 3; see also McNeil; Marxism; Signum Magnum, 3; Marialis Marxist-Christian dialogue; Cultus, 3; Redemptoris Mater, worker-priests 3; Mulieris Dignatatem, 4; Vita Liberazione e communione; see under Consecrata, 4 Pope John Paul II priesthood, 169 Libertas praestantissium, 196; see also see also Jeunesse Mariale; Pope Leo XIII Pius XII liturgy Mater et Magistra of Pope Pius XII, 137–8 n150 fascism, 110, 189 Sacrosanctum Concilium private property, 125 Tridentine, 114, 117 social justice, 127 see also Lefebvre; Vatican II Maurras, Charles, 89, 131 n2; see de Locht, Pierre, 8 also Action Française Index 233

May 1968, 82 n28 legacy of John Paul II, 201; see social upheaval, 113 also under women’s see also under education ordination Michelat, Guy, 70–1 Missions see evangelization; see also Pacem in terris, 110, 111; see also priests John XXIII Mission de France see under worker- de Palma, Dorian, 31 priests papal documents see under individual , 91, 131 n11; names see also Pope Pius XI Papon, Maurice see anti-semitism Mitterrand, 25, 49, 55, 56 Parti Démocratique Populaire, trade unions, 102 (PDP), 93 modernization, 60–1, 96, 155, 83 n54 Pastores Dabo Vobis, 157, 163, 189 of church see Vatican II Pax Christi see Justice and Peace Modernization Commissions, 102 Parti Communiste Français, 58, 90, see also Lefebvre; Opus Dei; Pope 99, 112, 121, 200–1, 204 n41; see John Paul II; secularization also communism Monnet, Jean, 96, 133 n45 Le Pen, Jean-Marie see also farmer priests poujadisme, 110 Morena, Eric, 31 fascist, 118, 123 Mounier, E, 194 immigration policy, 122 Esprit, 106–7, 91–2 see also Front National personalism Perez, Victor, 62, 71, 80, 84 n60 see also Christian Democratic Perrin, Henri, 149, 174 n39 doctrine; de Chardin; Persona Humana see under personalism homosexuality Mouvement Familial Rural (MFR), personalism see Humani Generis; 76, 109 Mounier; de Chardin Mouvement Républicain Populaire phenomenology, 159–60 (MRP) pied noirs see Algerian War education, 53 Pontifical Academy for Life, 13 failure to unify Catholics, 130, Pontifical Academy of Social 189–90 Sciences, 127 post World War II, 107–9 Pope John XXIII Mulieris Dignatatem formerly Mgr Ronacalli, 148, 86 see under Mary; see also Pope n101 John Paul II; women’s human rights, 160; see also Pacem ordination in Terris Mary, 3 New Age Philosophies, 70–1 visit of de Gaulle, 75 Nostra aetate, 71; see also God see also under Vatican II Pope Paul VI Opus Dei, 77 Assemblée des prêtres solidaires, 154 anti-Vatican II, 115 Humanae Vitae, 7; see also infalli- collegiality, 86 n122, 174 n48 bility modernization, 114, 137 n136 civilization of love, 13, 15, 16 structure, 114–15 committee for Catholic education, Ordinatio Sacerdotalis 77 celibacy, 22 Lefebvre, 116 234 Index

Pope Paul VI (contd.) Pope Pius X, society of, 116 reinstates worker priests, 150 Pope Pius XI, 50, 89, 90, 91, 127 Synod on Priesthood, 153 Action Française, 90 Vatican II, 156; see also ‘lost ’, 131 n10 Insegnamenti; Sacerdotalis see also Mit Brennender Sorge; Caelibatus Quadragesimo Anno political institutions, 160 Pope Pius XII, 106 see also under individual encyclicals Action Française, 91 Pope John Paul II the Assumption, 2 AIDS, 182 democracy, 196 collegiality, 152; see also authority Franco, 132 n16 condoms, 37; see also contracep- ‘lost encyclical’, 131 n10 tion; individual encyclicals Xmas message 1944, 196 Cor Unum, 126, 129 see under Liturgy eschatology, 192; see also Vatican see also Fidei Donum II Humani Generis episcopate, 155 Popularum Progressio, 126–7, 166; see first personal prelature (Opus Dei) also Pope Paul VI 114, 118 population formerly Cardinal Wojkyla, 3, 139 Cairo Conference on Population, n181; anti-communist, 120–1 14–19 labourer and poet, 139 n177 Pontifical Academy for Resources Lefebvre, 116–117 and Population, 15 see legacy of, 201 contraception letter, celebrating priesthood, 158 priests Liberazione e Communione, 118 Assemblée des prêtres solidaires, Love and Responsibility, 13 153–4 migrants, 163; see also immigra- celibacy, 20–23, 167, 199; see also tion Sacerdotalis Caelibatus; the modern world, 75 Ordinatio Sacerdotalis Fidei neo-conservative, 118–121 Donum, 159; see also Pius XII visit to France, 1980, 75 films on, 136 n130 visit to France, 1988, 78 homosexuality, 25–32 visit to Poland, 121 Jonas, 161, 196 Pontifical Academy for Life, 13 leaving priesthood, 22, 142–4, 167 Pontifical Academy of Social married priests, 20–5, 191, 45 n123 Sciences, 127 missionary work, 78, 165–6; seealso social teaching, 124–126; see women; Redemptoris Missio Laborem Exercens numbers, 142, 143, 190; see also see also de Chardin; existentialism; diaconate Gaudium et Spes; individual politicization of, 96, 113, 163; see encyclicals; individualism; also worker priests Vatican II Presbyterorum Ordinis, 20, 157, 167 Pope Leo XIII, 89, 127, 196 problems of, 161 see also Libertas Praestantissium role of, 156–8, 166, 172, 189, 198, Pope Pius XI; Rerum 175 n73; see also Vatican II; Novarum Synods; Reconciliato et Pope Pius IX, 2, 105, 39 n6 Paenitentia; Pastores Dabo see also Ineffabilis Deus, 2 Vobis Index 235

share parishes, 144 right to vote Syndicat Inter-Communal à see women, suffrage Vocations Multiplés (SVIOM), Rocard, Michel, 58, 121; 144 education, 121 wives of, 25 see also PS see also Echange et Dialogue; Rassemblement Pour la République Synods; worker priests (RPR), 58, 124 Prometheus 104–5, 134 n77 Sacerdotalis Caelibatus, 20; see also AIDS, 33 Pope Paul VI Protestantism Sacramentum Mundi, 25–6; see also ecumenical peace movement, 107 Rahner, Karl tenents of, 72–4, 79, 203 n27 Saliège, Cardinal, 92–3 influence on Catholics, 72–4, 85 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 159, 176 n86 n94, 198 see also de Beauvoir; influence on Catholicism, 167 existentialism see also Bonhoeffer; The Index; Second World War, 92 Humani Generis homosexuals, 25 Parti Socialiste (PS), 58, 102, 121–2, birth rate, 37 124; see also PSU below resistance, 92–3, 96, 105, 106, 107, Parti Socialiste Unifié (PSU), 100 186, 189, 132 n25 Potel, Julien, 19, 29–30, 45 n123, 46 individualism see also de Chardin n150 see also under communism; MRP Poujade, Pierre, 109 Secrétariat à la Condition Féminine, poujadistes, 109–10, 135 n112 11 see also women Quadragesimo Anno, 88–9, 131 n11; secularization, 60–80, 120, 186–7, see also Pope Leo XIII; Rerum 201–2 Novarum capitalism, 83 n58 changing role of Catholicism, Rahner, Karl, 25, 76–7, 170, 189 66–80, 156 see also diaspora eccelsiastical and religious; see Ratzinger, Cardinal, 15 Perez see also feminism Lefebvre affair, 116 and homosexuality, 26 education, 187; see also education Reconciliato et Paenitentia, 157, 160 theories of, 62–3 , 160 see also Front National; worker Redemptoris Mater see under Mary priests Redemptoris Missio, 158, 195 Service Travail Obligatoire (STO), 92, Rerum Novarum, 79, 88 132 n18, 145; see also Mater et capitalism, 126–7 Magister private property, 125 Cardinal Suhard, 6, 94–5 see also Centesimus Annus; Pope sign of the times see Vatican II Leo XIII; Quadragesimo Signum Magnum see under Mary; see Anno also Pope Paul VI Resistance see under Second World Social Catholicism, 96, 99–100, 107, War 125, 126–7, 129–30 Resourcement theology, 60 height of, 109 reviews see Journals origins of, 144 236 Index

Social Catholicism (cont.) Templier, Joseph, 33 see also ACO; Action Catholique; Third Republic, 49, 80, 80 n1 Centesimus Annus; Mater et trade unions see under individual Magistra; Pacem in Terris; names Quadragemiso Anno; Rerum Novarum; Sollicitudus Rei Ubi Arcano dei Consilio Socialis; CFDT; CFTC see also Pope Pius XI socialism see PS; PSU; see also Union Démocratique Française Jospin (UDF), 121 social justice, 103, 166–7 Union Démocratique Laborem exercens, 126 Française/Rassemblement Pour Rerum Novarum, 79 la République (UDF/RPR) worker priests, 154 alliance, 123–4 social justice (cont.) Union Démocratique Française/Front see also Christian Democratic National (UDF/FN) alliance, doctrine; Justice and Peace; 123, 205 n79 Social Catholicism unemployment, 129 Socialium Scientarium, 127–8 see also Social Catholicism; Vatican II Sollicitudus Rei Socialis aggiornamento, 3, 7, 22, 23, 60, 74, society see under May 1968; see also 111, 119, 198 modernization; secularization anathema sit, 111 sodomy see homosexuality Gaudium et Spes, 76, 111, 119, 126, Sollicitudo Rei Socialis 166; see also family; Justice capitalism, 126–7 and Peace morality, 160 heterosexual love, 25 technocracy, 115 Humanae Vitae, 7 Spanish Civil War see Franco Pope John XXIII, 119, 156, 164 synods Pope John Paul II, 119–20, Episcopal Synods, 155–6 150–51, 155–6; see also Extraordinary Synod of Bishops, Insegnamenti 1985, 155–6, 157 role of priests, 152–3; see also General Congregation of the Jonas Synod, 1994, 157, 168, 170 sign of the times, see International Synod for Married aggiornamento Priests, 24 see also Lefebvre; collegiality; Synod of Bishops, 1971, 113, 153 Marian cult; Nostra Aetate Synod of Bishops, 1976, 113 Opus Dei; Abbé de Nantes, Synod of Bishops, 1980, 13 118 Synod of Bishops 1990, 22 under Synod (1985) Synod on the Priesthood, 1971, Veil, Simone, 36 20–1, 153 Veritatis Splendor, 129, 193 Synod on the Training of Priests, Les Verts, 58 22 Vichy, 92–5 Universal Synod for Priests and de Villiers, Gérard, 33 wives, 24 Virgin Mary see Mary Vita Consecrata see under contracep- technocracy, 115; see also Opus Dei tion; Mary television, 59, 63, 75, 190, 84 n69 Vitae Mysterium, 15 Index 237

Weber, Max, 61 authority, 172–3 Weil, Simone, 11, 64 disbanded, 148; see also Pope Paul Wilson, Bryan, 62, 80 VI; see also Vatican II Women engineer priests, 149 abortion see abortion in Limoges, 147, 133 n33 contraception see contraception Marxism, 146–7 divorce, 12–14 Mission de Paris, 64, 94 education 1930s, 52: 1950 Mission de France, 35, 64, 75, 94, onwards, 9–10: and marriage, 127, 145, 163–5, 195; 12 measures against, 148 gender parity, 171–2, 179 n139 numbers, 154; see also Cardinal MPF, 5; MLP, 5; Women’s Civic Suhard; see also Cardinal and Social Union, 6; see also Etchegary Mary numbers, 165 nuns, 5 origins of, 144, 173 n14 part time work, 12 peasant priests, 149 priests, 169 prêtre-syndicaliste, 165 Resistance, 5 reinstated, 65, 150 role of, 9–12, 37 see also ACO; CGT; Echange et role in the church, see also Dialogue; Fidei Donum; ordination Perrin, Henri; see under STO Second World War, 5; suffrage, World War I 6; see also Mary; see also birth rate, 37 family CGTU and CGT union, 99 sexual revolution, 6 see also Action Catholique suffrage, 5–6; see also Suhard see laïcisme at time of Humanae Vitae, 9 unemployment, 12 youth Conference on socialising into church, 49; see Women, 172, 181, 202 n2 education; see youth work (1950 onwards), 9–10, 83 organizations n55 see also education; evangelization; women’s ordination, 169–71, 183–6, God; New Age Philosophies; 199 Nostra Aetate ADAP’s, 183 youth days, 78 Anglican church, 183, 178 n133 youth organizations, 76–7 infallibility, 185–6 Confédération Nationale des Letter to Women, 171; see also Jeunes Agriculteurs (CNJA), Pope John Paul II 98, 103 Mulieris Dignatatem, 170–1 initiating change, 96–8 Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, 169–72, 185 Jeunesse Agricole Catholique Ratzinger, 185–6 (JAC), 98, 107, 133 n44 in survey, 23 Jeunesse Etudiante Chrétienne women in positions of (JEC), 93, 96, 98, 107 responsibility, 183–5 Jeunesse Ouvrière Chrètienne see also Daurelle, Claire (JOC), 76, 93, 96, 107 see under homosexuality Jeunesse de l’Eglise, 94 worker priests, 63–6, 146–50, 194, Jeunesse Agricole Catholique 174 n36 pour Femmes (JACF), 98 238 Index youth organizations (cont.) links with trade unions, 98, 103 Mission Etudiante, 77 Mouvement Rural de la Mouvement Rural de la Jeunesse Jeunesse Catholique Catholique pour Femmes (MRJC), 98 (MRJCF), 98 see also Jeunesse Mariale