Philippines Inc 11/F Ayala Life - FGU Center, 6811 Ayala Avenue, Makati City, Philippines T +632 843 6336 F +632 843 6125

D R A F T 31/10/2006 11:35 E1490 Public Disclosure Authorized

N orth B usiness North Caloocan Region N o valiches Pipelaying works Valenzuela Com monw ealth

M alabon Q uirino N avotas South C aloocan Roosevelt

Public Disclosure Authorized Tondo Sampaloc S ta Cruz South M anila

Pasay South Business Makati Region

Parañaque

C avite Las Piñas Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan Water Supply Services Recovery Project Public Disclosure Authorized Maynilad Water Services Inc

October 2006 D R A F T 31/10/2006 11:35

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan R06-087

Prepared for Maynilad Water Services Inc

Prepared by Maunsell Philippines Inc 11/F Ayala Life - FGU Center, 6811 Ayala Avenue, Makati City, Philippines T +632 843 6336 F +632 843 6125 www.maunsell.com

October 2006

51054406

The information contained in this document produced by Maunsell Philippines Inc is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and Maunsell Philippines Inc undertakes no duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document.

All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of Maunsell Philippines Inc.

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\1.0 Introduction.doc Revision 0 October 2006 D R A F T 31/10/2006 11:35

Quality Information

Document Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan

Ref 51054406

Date October 2006

Prepared by MPI Environment Team

Reviewed by Rowie Garcia/Jess Bayrante

Revision History

Authorised Revision Revision Details Date Name/Position Signature

Jess Bayrante 0 31/10/2006 Preliminary Issue Associate Director, Environment

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\1.0 Introduction.doc Revision 0 October 2006 Table of Contents

Executive Summary i 1.0 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Project Background 1-1 1.2 List of Resource Persons 1-1 1.2.1 Project Proponent 1-1 1.2.2 EPRMP Study Team 1-2 2.0 Project Description 2-1 2.1 Project Rationale 2-1 2.2 About MWSI 2-1 2.2.1 The Concession Area 2-1 2.2.2 Water Sources 2-3 2.2.3 Water Demand 2-3 2.3 Project Components and Activities 2-4 2.3.1 The rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water Treatment Plants 2-4 2.3.2 Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System and Establishment of Hydraulic Areas 2-8 2.3.3 Construction of a New Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa 2-15 2.4 Project Cost 2-16 2.5 Project Schedule 2-16 3.0 Existing Environmental Conditions 3-1 3.1 Physical Environment 3-1 3.1.1 Topography 3-1 3.1.2 Geology and Structures 3-1 3.1.3 Rainfall and Temperature 3-2 3.1.4 Air Quality 3-2 3.1.5 Water Quality 3-5 3.2 Biological Environment 3-14 3.2.1 Vicinity of the La Mesa Dam 3-14 3.2.2 Vegetation Along the Distribution Network 3-20 3.2.3 Flora and Fauna in the Proposed Reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa 3-22 3.3 Socio-cultutal, Economic and Political Environment 3-26 3.3.1 Political/Institutional Set-up 3-26 3.3.2 Land Use 3-26 3.3.3 Population/Informal Settlements 3-27 3.3.4 Socio-economic Milieu/Service Levels 3-27 4.0 Environmental Performances 4-1 4.1 Environmental Compliance 4-1 4.1.1 ECC/CNC Applications 4-1 4.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Activities 4-2 4.2 MWSI Corporate Social Responsibility 4-3 4.2.1 The Bayan Tubig Program 4-3 4.2.2 Bayan Tubig Bayanohan / "Patubig ni Gloria" Project 4-4 4.2.3 Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project 4-4 4.3 Best Safety Practices 4-4 4.4 EMS 14001 Certification 4-6 4.5 Awards Received 4-7 4.6 Performance Indicators 4-8 5.0 Description of Impacts and Mitigating Measures 5-1 5.1 Rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa 5-1 5.1.1 Pre-construction/Construction Phase 5-1 5.1.2 Operational Phase 5-3 5.2 Rehabilitation of the Distribution System and Pumping Stations 5-4 5.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 5-4 5.2.2 Construction Phase 5-5 5.2.3 Operation Phase 5-9 5.3 Water Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa 5-9 5.3.1 Pre-construction Phase 5-9 5.3.2 Construction Phase 5-11 5.3.3 Operation Phase 5-14 6.0 Environmental Management Program 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan 6-1 6.3 Social Development Plan 6-17 6.4 Emergency Response Plan 6-17 6.5 Institutional Plan 6-17 6.6 Information, Education and Communication Plan 6-17 6.7 Abandonment Plan 6-18 6.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan 6-18 7.0 References 7-1 List of Tables

ES - 1 Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Strategies ES - 2 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan

2-1 Cities and Towns in the West Zone Service Area 2-2 MWSI Level of Services and Performance from 1997 to 2004. 2-3 Projected Water Consumption from 2010 to 2015 2-4 Existing component facilities and the proposed facilities with the 2010 and 2015 PDS Improvement Plans 2-5 Project cost per component 2-6 Project Implementation Schedule 3-1 EMB Roadside TSP Monitoring Stations in Metro Manila

3-2 Location of the Monitoring Stations for SO2 and NO2 3-3 Monitoring Equipment in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila Airshed 3-4 Sampling sites for wastewater monitoring 3-5 Wastewater Quality of LP1 Discharge 3-6 Wastewater Quality of LP2 Discharge 3-7 Water Quality of La Mesa Creek Upstream of LP2 Discharge 3-8 Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP2 Discharge 3-9 Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP1 Discharge 3-10 Water Quality of Tullahan River (Commonwealth Avenue) 3-11 Analytical Methods 3-12 Water Quality Data of the Poblacion River Tributary 3-13 Tree species commonly observed in La Mesa Dam 3-14 Bird species observed in the vicinity of La Mesa Dam 3-15 List of bird species recorded in the New Bilibid Prison 3-16 Land use Categories within the MWSI Concession Area 3-17 Income Categories of Served Population 4-1 Some of MWSI projects that were issued an ECC and CNC 4-2 Performance Indicators 5-1 Attenuated Sound Pressure Levels 6-1 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan 6-2 The Recommended Monitoring Plan

List of Figures

2-1 The concession area covers 540 km2 consisting of 10 cities and 7 municipalities 2-2 Location map of the two treatment facility in La Mesa Dam 2-3 Process Flow Diagram of the La Mesa Treatment Plan No. 1 2-4 Flow Process of Treatment Plant no.2 2-5 Age profile of existing water pipelines 2-6 Layout of the Primary Distribution System 2010 2-7 Layout of Primary Distribution System 2015 2-8 Typical Business Centre Arrangement (i.e., Quirino BC) 2-9 The existing distribution system

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\List of Tables_Figures_Plates.Rev0.doc Revision 0 October 2006 2-10 The proposed distribution system 2-11 The schematic representation of a District Meter Zone (DMZ) 2-12 Location Map of the Proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir 3-1 The proposed project site with respect to the Valley Fault System (Phivolcs 1999) 3-2 Annual Geometric Mean of Roadside TSP Levels in Metro Manila, 2003-2004 (mg/Nm3)

3-3 SO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory Ateneo Station (2003) 3-4 NO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory, Ateneo Station (2003) 3-5 Location of the water quality sampling stations 3-6 Location of sampling stations (in yellow circles)

List of Plates

2-1 The water source of MWSI is Angat –Umiray- Ipo watersheds 2-2 The underground reservoir in Bagbag, similar structure will be built in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa, which will serve the South Business Area 3-1 The La Mesa Watershed. The built up area is LP1 ( LP2 is located up north of LP2 but not shown in the photo). The Ecopark is located adjacent to LP1 at the south- south west. 3-2 Vegetation in the sludge lagoons and immediate vicinity 3-3 Little heron 3-4 Philippine serpent eagle 3-5 White eared brown dove 3-6 (a) White Collared king fisher; (b) Philippine pygmy Woodpecker 3-7 Acacia trees lined along the Coastal Road Express Way and the Daang Hari Road in the South Business Area are common urban landscaping plant species 3-8 Vegetation along the ROW includes coconuts and bamboos 3-9 Portions of the ROW in North Fairview, Quezon City were planted with bananas and cassava, others converted it into backyard garden 3-10 Lush shrubs and small trees are found along portion of ROW that is not yet inhabited by informal settlers (left photo), while some portions were cleared and erected with shanties (Right photo). 3-11 Vegetation at the South Business Area is very limited. Single shade trees are seen along the proposed route of the primary line in Muntinlupa 3-12 The proposed location has a gently rolling terrain. Vegetation is mostly talahib and patches of small shrubs 3-13 The concrete road delineating the southeast boundary of the proposed property. Talahib are being planted in the vicinity of the proposed site and used as raw material for handicrafts. 4-1 The Bayan Tubig Program delivers safe and affordable water to blighted communities thru individual Water Service Connections 4-2 Proper signages and wearing of PPE’s are observed during cutting/breaking and pipe laying works 4-3 Traffic Management (left photo) and safety patrol team doing monitoring of ongoing works 4-4 Use of appropriate gear in doing works under confined space works (reservoir and tunnels)

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\List of Tables_Figures_Plates.Rev0.doc Revision 0 October 2006 4-5 Trainings and seminars given to employees and subcontractors include Safety Orientation, Basic Occupational Safety & Health Training and proper use of PPE’s, among others 4-6 The MWSI Gawad Kalikasan at Kalusugan Award 4-7 The ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certificates issued by TUV SUD to two of Maynilads facilities

Executive Summary

Project Description The Water Supply Services Recovery Project has three major components, which are all designed to improve the services of MWSI and to enhance MWSI revenues through increase in the water sales volume by better control of non-revenue water (NRW). These are:

1. Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Water Treatment Plants · Improvement/maximizing the treatment plant capacity · Improvement of the quality of the treated water · Improvement of the operational efficiency and reliability · Acceptable sludge management

2. Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System and Establishment of Hydraulic Areas · Installation of new primary main to be located adjacent to the existing primary lines. · Improvement of the secondary and tertiary distribution lines through zones NRW reduction · Measurement of hydraulic zoning · Improvement of pumping stations · Procurement of instrument and equipment as well as provision of trainings

3. Construction of a new reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison compound in Muntinlupa

The new reservoir will serve as storage for the new water source identified for the South Business Center (i.e., 300 MLD from Laguna Lake). It will be an underground type of water storage similar with the Bagbag Reservoir, which will have a capacity of 30ML and a dimension of approximately 75m x 75m x 6m. A pump of 30 MLD capacity will also be installed to draw water from the reservoir to the distribution lines.

EIA Process Documentation The proposed project is covered by the requirements of the Philippine EIS System set forth under Presidential Decree No. 1586 and DENR Administrative Order 2003-30. An EPRMP was prepared as the documentary requirement for the project. Field visits were conducted from 6 to 7 September 2006, while primary data collection at the proposed reservoir site in Muntinlupa was conducted on 11 October 2006. Official stakeholders consultations were also conducted on 20 September and 27 October 2006 to present the project and the EIA study, respectively. Secondary data collection was conducted from September to October 2006. All data sources are mentioned in the Reference Section of this Report.

The EPRMP identifies, assesses and evaluates the environmental impacts of the project for the various development phases and recommends mitigation and enhancement strategies. An Environmental Management Program (EMP), which includes and Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan, Social Development Plan, Emergency Response Plan, Institutional Plan, Information, Education and Communication Plan, Abandonment Plan as well as an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP), have been formulated to achieve compliance with DENR requirements and other environmental regulations.

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Brief Description of the Environment

Physical Environment

Geology and Structures The regional geology of the project sites in Metro Manila includes:

· Quaternary Alluvium – recent deposits of unconsolidated sediments of sandstone, siltstone, claystone and conglomerates; · Guadalupe Formation – composed of two sub-units, the pumiceous pyroclastic flow unit and the extensive volcanic tuffaceous deposits; · Alat Conglomerate – represented by a thin conglomerate sedimentary unit underlying the Guadalupe Formation; · Binangonan Limestone – composed of extensive coralline and massive limestone deposits · Angat Formation – consisting of Gabbro and Pillow Basalts representing the upper section of the Ophiolite sequence and serves as the basement for Metro Manila;

Three major geologic structures affect the general vicinity of Metro Manila, most important of which is the Valley Fault System (VFS) (Daligdig et al, 1997) which traverses the Eastern Metro Manila area in a north-south trend. The north-south trending active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) is located east of the Metro Manila area towards the Sierra Madre Range. To the west is the Manila Trench which is actively subducting the South China Sea Plate beneath the Luzon segment of the Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) (Aurelio, 2000).

In the proposed site of the new reservoir in the new Bilibid Prison Compound in Muntinlupa, the bedrock consists mostly of tuff deposits of the Guadalupe Formation. The maximum ground acceleration response at the project site can be categorized at 0.784 (soft soil) for an earthquake generated by the nearby Valley Fault System (VFS). Based on the Active Faults Mapping Program of PHIVOLCS (1999), potentially active minor faults were identified towards the east of the project site.

Water Quality La Mesa Treatment Plants

Six monitoring stations were established to monitor the compliance of LP1 and LP2 to the Effluent Regulations of 1990 (DAO 90-35). Two of these stations represent the discharges of each plant. Three stations were established along the La Mesa Creek, a tributary of Tullahan River. The La Mesa Creek is the nearest water body to the treatment plant facilities, thus the most possible impact receptor. One station is located in Tullahan River, downstream of its confluence with La Mesa Creek. Tullahan River was classified by DENR as Class C or waters that can be used in industrial plants after treatment. Based on the observed best usage, the La Mesa Creek is likewise classified under Class C.

Based on the available data from the PCO reports and from the MWSI Central Laboratory, the LP1 discharge is compliant to the Effluent Standards while the LP2 discharge exceeds TSS, COD, BOD, and oil/grease levels. The data from the sampling points along the La Mesa Creek show that the discharge of LP2 is affecting the TSS, BOD and oil/grease levels in the creek. This is indicated by the increase in these levels at the mixing point of LP2 discharge with La Mesa Creek, as compared to the levels in the control station located upstream of the mixing point. At the mixing point, the TSS, BOD, and oil/grease levels exhibit exceedances to the DAO 90-35 Class C water standards. The very low coliform readings in the discharge samples of both plants and the already elevated coliform levels at the control station indicate that the plants have nil contribution to the coliform content of the creek.

Distribution Lines The distribution lines follow the road alignments and cross several waterways that may be impacted during the installation of the new pipes. There is limited data on the small tributaries that would be potentially affected thus the general current condition of the main river systems where these tributaries drain to were assessed instead. Among the water bodies that will be affected during the rehabilitations works include the Tullahan-Tejeros River System; Dario Creek, a tributary of the San Juan River; several canals that lead to Manila Bay; and; water channels leading to Laguna Lake.

These creeks exhibit typical physical conditions of waterways in highly urbanized areas: voluminous floating garbages, dark color and very slow flow of water which produce unpleasant odor. Limited secondary raw data indicate that most of these rivers are biologically dead with DO levels measured at 0 mg/L.

Proposed Reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa City To establish the baseline water quality conditions in the proposed new reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound in Muntinlupa City, water sampling was conducted on 11 October 2006 along a tributary of the Poblacion River. Two stations were established in the portions of a creek will be potentially impacted during the construction of the proposed reservoir. Based on the DAO 90-34, this creek is categorized under Class C.

Results of laboratory and in situ analyses show that levels of pH, DO and BOD are within the prescribed limits of DAO 90-35. Phosphates and coliform levels are however elevated exceed the respective prescribed criterion. Temperature and TSS are reflective of normal background levels.

Ambient Air Quality The DENR-EMB monitors the Metro Manila Airshed, utilizing 12 sampling stations for TSP and 10 stations for monitoring real time concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2.

Based on annual average levels in 2003, only the Ateneo Katipunan Station complied with the NAAQ standard for long term exposure. The annual average levels in 2004 however showed that all the monitoring stations exceed the maximum allowable limits. The EDSA-Congressional Avenue monitoring station registered the highest levels at 275 µg/Nm3, three times more than the guideline value.

Annual mean concentrations of SO2 recorded in 2003 and from June to December 2004 show that levels in the EMB monitoring stations were within the allowable limit. Likewise, NO2 concentrations in 2003 did not exceed the 24-hour NAAQ standard guideline.

Biological Environment

Terrestrial Vegetation and Wildlife

La Mesa Water Treatment Plants The La Mesa watershed covers a total area of 2,700 hectares: 1,900 ha of forested land, 700 ha covered by the La Mesa Reservoir, about 33 ha of the La Mesa Ecopark and 32 ha occupied by the La Mesa Water Treatment Plants. The forest cover of the La Mesa Ecopark has been enhanced by numerous tree-planting activities of various organizations. Among the flora species that are commonly found in the area include: acacia, ipil-ipil, G. Melina, mahogany, narra, neem and raintree.

Grasses dominate a considerable area of the sludge lagoons. Small acacia and ipil-ipil trees grow along the berm.

Numerous avian species inhabit the vicinity of the treatment plants. Bird watching groups frequently visit the park. One group recorded 45 bird species that represent 27 families. In terms of ecological status and distribution, the observed species ranged from common to fairly common and endemic to migrant, respectively.

Vegetation along the Distribution Network Metro Manila is a heavily built-up and densely populated urban metropolis. Vegetation along the pipeline network is composed of trees that were planted as part of urban landscaping. Along the road right of way (ROW) of the primary lines that stretches in the Northern Business Center, common vegetation are bamboos, tree shades, patches of bananas, shrubs and grasses.

Proposed Reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison Compound The proposed site for the reservoir in the New Bilibid Compound is mainly covered by grasses (talahib). Secondary data show that the avian fauna observed in the area range from common endemic to uncommon migrant. Most are common to fairly common and are typical inhabitants of grasslands.

Socio-Economic, Cultural and Political Environment

Political/Institutional Set-Up 1. The Project area is characterized by the following conditions: · Web of administrative, political and local institutions · Land-use / intrusions into ROW (right-of-way) spaces · Expansion of population and “informal settlements” · Service levels

2. The web of institutions includes several layers of general-purpose local governments and their constitutuent barangays, specialized governments (MMDA, LLDA), subdivision owners’, homeowners’associations, uban poor associations, and squatting syndicates. The last four could constitute obstacles to the implementation of the project by raising issues of ownerships and property rights.

3. Over the years, there have been unauthorized intrusions to MWSS ROW spaces. There could be issues of compensation involved if relocation is undertaken and disruption to livelihoods occurs.

4. Service levels are generally low and unsatisfactory. Low service levels are manifested in low water pressure, inadequate or no service coverage, short rationing hours, high cost of buying water from water vendors.

Land-Use The land use in the MWSI concessionaire area is comprised of six categories, namely: residential (48 %), commercial (10%), industrial (10%), institutional (5%), opens spaces (16%) and others (unclassified usages) (13%). These land use encompass approximately 63, 839 ha.

A general observation of land use plans is the absence of explicit provision restricting any development on ROW. This usually results to continued occupation and encroachment of semi- permanent to permanent structures in these spaces.

Demography Demographic data from 1995 to 2000 tend to confirm that population growth in the traditionally dense localities Manila, Makati, Pasay, Malabon and Muntinlupa cities appear to have peaked. Positive growth is still observed in the north and south edges (Paranaque and Valenzuela, respectively, and Cavite municipalities/city) as a result of migration from within and outside the metropolis.

In 20 years, population in the concession area is envisioned to expand to 9.5 million from a base of 7.8 million. Field observation suggested that “informal settlements”, as in the case of the Tala area, are relatively new, some as recent as 20 or less years. Migrants from the provinces who invested on and built dwelling units of semi-permanent and permanent materials inhabit these settlements. Because the lands of these settlements are being claimed or contested, there is an apprehension to provide poor communities with more permanent infrastructure like water pipelines.

Environmental Performance The MWSI is committed to comply with all government regulations and requirements. A number of ECCs and CNCs were issued to MWSI for various projects and MWSI has been compliant to all the conditionalities. Water quality of the raw and treated water for compliance with the PNSDW is regularly monitored. The wastewaters of LP1 and LP 2 and La Mesa Creek are being monitored to comply with DAO 90-35 and DAO 90-34, respectively. Relative to the appropriate criterion, the LP2 discharge exhibits exceedances in most of the monitored parameters. The LP2 discharge affects the water quality of La Mesa Creek as shown but this is expected to be mitigated by the rehabilitation of the sludge lagoons in LP1.

The major corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of MWSI is extending water services to poor communities. The Bayan Tubig Project and the Bayan Tubig Bayanihan / “Patubig ni Gloria”Project are among the programs implemented by MWSI for this purpose.

Maynilad Water is committed to excellence and leadership in the protection of the environment and in the promotion of health and safety in the workplace. Their safety program includes the development of standards/protocols in the workplace, foremost consideration of project, site and traffic safety, strict imposition of penalties on violators and conduct of trainings and seminars for contractors. To further encourage both employees and contractors to observe safety at all times Maynilad sponsors the MWSI GAWAD KALIGTASAN AT KALUSUGAN Award to recognize outstanding achievements by Operating Units, Projects, or Individuals in promoting safety and health of workers and the workplace.

MWSI has newly accredited two of its Operations and Maintenance Department of Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa to ISO 9001 and the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Facility to ISO 9001 and 14001.

Several awards were given to MWSI in recognition for its initiative to extend its CSR into quality environmental performance. Among the programs which earned MWSI recognition are projects on conversion of septage and biosolids into cheaper alternative fertilizers; provision of water in depressed areas and safety practices

Environmental Management Program MWSI is committed to implement an Environmental Management Program (EMP) not only to comply with government regulations but also to abide by the company’s Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy to continuously improve on the quality, reliability, cost effectiveness and environmental suitability of their operations and services.

The EMP includes impact mitigation for negative effects and an enhancement plan for all the beneficial effects of each project phase i.e. pre-construction, construction and operations/ maintenance (Table ES-1). Most of the commitments will be implemented by MWSI and/or will be required of their contractors with MWSI stringently monitoring the contractor’s compliance.

The projects’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program constitutes the project’s Social Development Plan. The CSR/SDP Program is implemented on a continuing/’roll over” basis. The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is contained in the (EMS) Code.

MWSI has currently developed the following operational procedures in meeting its vision as the top utility firm in providing water services: · Environmental Management and Safety Code · Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives · Complaints Management – Easy and user friendly medium through SMS Messaging and Hotline

In addition, MWSI/MWSS and its sub-contractors will coordinate with relevant agencies in procuring the necessary permits to implement the project at various stages ( i.e., pre-construction, construction, operation).

A stakeholder-focused and community based Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign will be undertaken in all phases of the project. At the pre-construction phase, the focus of IEC will be on clarifying the issues and describing the nature, features and character of the project to allow stakeholders to make an informed decision and opinion about the project that may arise from misinformation or disinformation. At the construction stage, the focus of the IEC is to advise residents and businesses as well as other stakeholders like LGUs of the schedule of the diggings and other related activities. During the operation stage, the IEC program’s thrust will be on advising people and business establishments on how to enhance the benefits that will result with improved service levels.

Regular maintenance of the distribution network and all support facilities will be carried out. All equipment reaching their lifespan will be replaced and disposed of properly. An Abandonment Plan will be formulated a year before implementation of the Plan in the unlikely event of decommissioning. This is further subject to consultation and coordination with affected stakeholders.

MWSI will continue to undertake environmental monitoring in coordination with the appropriate government institutions, together with the stakeholders. Table ES-2 summarizes the recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP).

Table ES-1. Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation/Enhancement Strategies

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Component 1: Rehabilitation of La Mesa Water Treatment Plants Water Quality/Sedimentation Excavation Provision of Improvement Proper Water service expose soils to drainage canals of water maintenance is a basic erosion and to facilitate quality of the ash human need sedimentation. proper runoff lagoons such that flow. regular Equipment maintenance of maintenance the distribution Possible oil and works will be network and all lubricants concentrated in a the support spillage perimeter bunded facilities will be area to contain carried out. oil/grease All equipment Wastewater Increased MWSI is reaching their water committed to lifespan will be production will provide replaced and increase sewer system disposed of water usage, to its properly. thus will concession generate area. In the unlikely more Sewerage event of wastewater system are abandonment, under their an pipeline Abandonment projects Plan will be Air Quality and Noise Increased SO2 Provision of prepared a and NOx mufflers; housing year before emission due to of genset, implementation heavy vehicle maintenance of of the Plan, movement vegetation buffer subject to

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation consultation and coordination with affected stakeholders. Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Clearing activities vegetation will will be confined in affect site’s the project area. biodiversity. Vegetation is Wildlife and other sparse, thus will small organisms not result to will be disturb significant loss of biodiversity or reduction of carbon sink/ sequestration Occupational health and safety Unstable portions Prior to any of lagoons pose excavation, large equipment stability, and workers to composition and physical and depth of the chemical risks sludge will be assessed to determine appropriate de- sludging technique Socio-economic and Cultural Rehabilitation of Phasing of Increase in IEC on Aspects the plant may rehabilitation water household interrupt water works production, water supply. Timely and longer supply management proper IEC window and

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Coordination with conservation LGU’s on possible rationing of water supply Component 2: Rehabilitation of the Distribution System Water Quality/Sedimentation Erosion/Siltation Provision on Construction and Safety Spillage of oil Guidelines and degreasers under MWSI Environment and Safety Guidelines will be followed and form part of the subcontractor’s contract Solid wastes Generation of Proper waste Generation of Excavation will solid wastes disposal construction be done by recycling/reuse wastes/ phase such that and good excavated soil before any housekeeping section is excavated, the unearthed section have been properly backfilled. The excavated soil will also be re- used as backfill material Sewage Generation of Temporary

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation sewage from toilets/portalets construction will be provided workers Air Quality and Noise Increased TSP Watering of and noise levels TSP, equipment will be regularly maintained. Noise generating activities will be limited to daytime. EMS code will be observed. Odor control Generation of system will be foul odor used as practicable. Traffic Traffic Permits related congestion to excavation will be secured. A traffic management plan will also be prepared. Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Social preparation vegetation activities will include proper coordination to those who have interests along the ROW (i.e.,

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation backyard gardens) Occupational Health and Safety Risk of accident Implementation to workers and of the MWSI pedestrian EMS Code Handling of No AC pipelines asbestos pipes will be installed pose health for this project. hazards Provisions of the DAO 2000-02 (Chemical Order for Asbestos) will be strictly implemented. Disposal will be coordinated to proper authorities Socio-economic and Cultural “Fear of the IEC, Acquisition of Disruption to IEC Clean, Regular Aspects unknown”/ clearance/permits daily routine of In the likely affordable, monitoring Uncertainty residents and event of regular water condition of business relocation, a supply pipelines; establishments relocation flat rate for low income protocol is in Longer supply communities Unsightly views; place that sets window streetscape out procedures temporarily and processes Regular Less NRW marred; with respect to monitoring compensation Disruption to of condition and the physical LGU’s project Water pressure of pipelines transfer of schedule will be affected persons improved and families IEC on Significant

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Possible Best effort at savings in sanitation displacement of local hiring water informal settlers expenses

Local job Savings in time opportunities and effort of women, youth, senior citizens and other household members in fetching water Archaeology Discovery of Implement archaeological protocol (PD finds/historical 374) sites/markers Component 3: Construction of a new reservoir Geology and Geotechnical Issue Possible bearing Survey will be failure in conducted to geologically weak determine areas suitable route for trucks and vehicles Water Quality/Sedimentation Spillage of oil Provision of bund Spillage of oil Maintenance Generation of Provision of and degreasers canals with oil and grease works will be solid waste and basic traps for collection conducted in waste water facilities of used oils; Good perimeter Rig workers will Excavation can housekeeping; bunded areas generate solid result to elevated Implementation of waste that may TSS EMS Code affect Proper hauling, waterways storage and

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation compaction of excavated soils in the designated areas Solid wastes and waste water Solid wastes and Strict wastewater will observance of be generated by good and workers responsible housekeeping practices Air Quality and Noise Drill rig engines Proper Increase Regular generate maintenance of emission gases maintenance exhaust engines/housing and TSP check of emission and vehicles noise Duct producing haul roads and slopes will be sprinkled with water if practicable; Activities will be limited to daytime Vegetation and Wildlife Clearing of Activities will be Movement of Activities will be vegetation will confined in the more workers confined in the affect resident project site and equipment project site wildlife will affect wildlife Occupational Health and Safety Workers are Workers will be exposed to advised to limit security risk their activities within the

Environmental Component Project Phase Pre-construction Construction Operation and Maintenance Abandonment Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation Impacts Mitigation project parameter Socio-economic and Cultural Fear of the IEC on impact; Local job Best effort at Clean, Regular Aspects unknown/ Acquisition of opportunities local hiring affordable, monitoring Uncertainty permits regular water condition of supply pipelines; Mobilization of Landscape Install visual flat rate for claimant’s temporarily screen low income /squatter marred Longer supply communities syndicates window Zoning Non conforming Regular land use Less NRW monitoring of condition Water pressure of pipelines will be improved IEC on sanitation Significant savings in water expenses Archaeology Chance find of Implement Chance find of Implement archaeological Protocol (PD 374) archaeological Protocol (PD items items 374) Public Health Less incidence Regular of water borne monitoring diseases of pipeline conditions; IEC on sanitatation

Table 1. Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan Parameters Project Location Frequency Estimated Cost Guarantees Phase Water Quality at the sludge lagoon All project La Mesa Creek - Monthly Php 50,000.00 per Compliance to DAO 90- outlets and La Mesa Creek phases upstream and month 34 and DAO 90-35 (particularly TSS, oil/grease and downstream of the other relevant parameters discharge points of the prescribed by DAO 90-34 and 35) two Water Treatment Facilities; Discharge Points Water Quality at the distribution All project 700 sampling station Monthly Compliance to PNSDW networks phases strategically scattered (for parameters prescribed by the around the concession PNSDW) area Compliance to the Traffic Construction All major thoroughfares Weekly Part of the project cost Agreement between Management Plan Stage – affected MWSI/Subcontractor Rehabilitation and concerned LGU of the Distribution Lines

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

The Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI) provides water service to the west zone of Metro Manila. It is committed to provide continuous water supply that is compliant with drinking water standards, as well as provide new water connections to future clients within its concession area.

MWSI is proposing a 10-year development plan (2006 to 2015) designed to improve its services and fulfil its commitment. The proposed Water Supply Services Recovery Project will include three components; namely, the rehabilitation and reconfiguration of the primary distribution system, rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water Treatment Plants and the construction of a new reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa.

The specific objectives of the development plan are: · To increase revenue through reductions in commercial non- revenue water (NRW); · To increase revenue by selling to new customers, water saved through reduction of physical NRW; · To improve the reliability and the efficiency of primary distribution system consisting of pipe mains, pumping stations and storage reservoir; and · To improve operations with the provision of equipment, instruments and appropriate training.

The 10-year development plan project requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and an Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP), to support the application for an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Maunsell Philippines Inc, was commissioned by MWSI to conduct the EIA study and prepare the EPRMP.

1.2 Name and Address of Proponent

Maynilad Water Services, Inc. G/F Engineering Building, MWSS Compund Katipunan Road, Balara, Quezon City Telephone: 928 1454 Fax: 920 5408 Email: [email protected]

Contact Person: Mr. Francisco Arellano Senior Assistant Vice-President Quality Assurance Planning and Environment, Safety and Health Management Group

1.3 EPRMP Information 1.3.1 EPRMP Preparer

Maunsell Philippines Inc. 11/F Ayala Life FGU Center 6811 Ayala Avenue Makati City Telephone: 846 6336 Fax: 843 6125 Email: [email protected]

Study Team Jess Bayrante Project Director Leah Bufi Project Manager Mike Carlos Principal Environmental Scientist Naniel Aragones Principal Environmental Scientist Aries Milay Senior Environmental Scientist Rene Cruz Civil Engineer Willy Palarca Socio-econ / Stakeholder Consultation Specialist Xsa Cabria Water Quality Specialist Kathleen Cruz Environmental Scientist Abba Grace Sanchez Graduate Environmental Scientist Jo Rowena Garcia Peer Reviewer

1.3.2 EIA Approach and Methodology

Consistent with DAO 2003-30 and the Scoping Report (Annex 1-1) an EPRMP was prepared as the documentary requirement for the project. Field visits were conducted from 6 to 7 September 2006, while primary data collection at the proposed reservoir site in Muntinlupa was conducted on 11 October 2006. Official stakeholders consultations were also conducted on 20 September and 27 October 2006 to present the project and the EIA study, respectively. Secondary data collection was conducted from September to October 2006. All data sources are mentioned at the Reference Section of this Report.

All phases of the three project components were considered and evaluated in the impact identification and assessment section. Mitigation and enhancement strategies are recommended to address the impacts.

An Environmental Management Program (EMP), which includes an Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP), was formulated to achieve the proponent’s compliance with DENR requirements and other environmental regulations.

2.0 Project Description

2.1 Project Rationale

At present, non-revenue water (NRW) is about 69% of the total water produced (2,400 MLD) by MWSI through their Water Treatment Facilities in La Mesa. Non-Revenue Water is the mathematical difference between the system input volume and the billed authorized consumption. NRW can either be physical losses (i.e., leaks); commercial losses (i.e., unbilled water due to illegal connections, pilferage and meter registration errors); or unbilled authorized consumption (i.e., used by fire trucks; but usually a minor component of the water balance).

To better understand and control the NRW, the proposed 10-year development plan is crucial. Built in the 1880’s and upgraded in 1980, the current network of secondary and tertiary pipes is a complex interconnection with inadequate flow controls and meters, which make it difficult to monitor and understand the flows of water. For MWSI to be economically viable, the NRW must be reduced. The project is envisioned to reduce NRW, improve the level of water services in its concession area and ultimately increase revenues.

2.2 About MWSI 2.2.1 The Concession Area

The MWSI concession area covers a total of 540 km2 consisting of nine cities and two municipalities in Metro Manila and one city and five municipalities in the province of Cavite (Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1).

Table 2-1. Cities and Towns in the West Zone Service Area National Capital Region Cavite Province Caloocan City Bacoor Municipality Las Pinas City Cavite City Malabon City Imus Municipality Makati City (13% in West zone) Kawit Municipality Manila City (89%) Noveleta Municipality Muntinlupa City Rosario Municipality Navotas City Paranaque City Pasay City Quezon City (58% in West Zone) Valenzuela City

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\2.0 Project Description.doc Revision 0 October 2006 Page 2-1 D R A F T 31/10/2006 09:12

Manila Bay

Map Not to scale

Figure 2-1. The concession area covers 540 km2 consisting of 10 cities and 7 municipalities

In 2004, the service area population of MWSI is 5.09 M and about 70% is being served. Table 2-2 summarizes the population served by MWSI, water demand and the NRW from 1997 to 2004.

Table 2-2. MWSI Level of Services and Performance from 1997 to 2004. Year Service Area Water Served Water Volumes (MLD) NRW Population (Million) Population Production Sales 1997 4.38 65.8% 1,864.3 669.80 64.1% 1998 4.31 64.7% 1,511.9 593.40 60.8% 1999 4.77 70.4% 2,177.1 715.10 67.2% 2000 5.26 76.1% 2,250.8 777.70 65.5% 2001 5.54 78.7% 2,417.4 816.00 67.0% 2002 5.5 77.6% 2,363.8 740.80 68.7% 2003 4.96 68.9% 2,313.4 716.70 69.0% 2004 5.09 69.9% 2,275.8 707.70 69.0%

From 1997 to 2004, the while population served increased, the level of NRW also increased. The rehabilitation plan of MWSI targets reduction of NRW from about 69.0% in 2004 to 35% in 2015 or about 3% per year in the next 10 years.

2.2.2 Water Sources

At present, the main water supply sources for the MWSS service areas ares the Angat-Umiray-Ipo watersheds (Plate 2-1). About 4,500 MLD is sourced from this watershed. This splits in the Novaliches Portal; 40% goes to the Balara Treatment Plant 2 of Manila Water Corporation, Inc. (MWCI) while 60% is utilized by MWSI. This supply is augmented by deep wells in fringe areas, although water quality continues to decline as a result of salinity intrusion from continuous extraction.

Plate 2-1. The water sources of MWSI are the Angat –Umiray- Ipo watersheds

2.2.3 Water Demand

About 67% to 93% increase in water demand is projected for 2015 (Feasibility Study, 2006). Water demand projections under the MWSI service area were estimated taking into account population growth, proposed unit consumptions, adjusted service coverage targets as well as large commercial and industrial water consumers.

From the demand projections, two consumption scenarios were established, i.e., restricted and non- restricted. The restricted consumption considers the current low consumption due to restrictions on demand caused by the inadequate service (i.e., low pressure, rationed supply, etc.), while the non- restricted consumption assumes a 24-hour water supply and sufficient pressure at 7 psi. Table 2-3 shows the restricted and unrestricted total consumption estimates from 2005 to 2015.

Table 2-3. Projected Water Consumption from 2010 to 2015 Restricted Consumption (MLD) Unrestricted Consumption (MLD) City/Municipality 2005 2010 2015 2005 2010 2015 Manila City 349.5 420.9 499.4 349.5 453.5 559.2 Quezon City 238.0 289.0 343.5 238.0 320.4 405.1 Makati City 17.2 19.9 22.4 17.2 22.0 26.2 Pasay City 68.3 82.1 96.9 68.3 89.4 110.7 Caloocan City 121.9 199.8 234 121.9 220.2 273.0

Las Pinas City 28.4 76.9 108 28.4 85.3 127.8 Malabon City 51.2 61.1 70.7 51.2 67.4 82.6 Muntinlupa City 19.5 47.3 69.1 19.5 52.5 81.5 Navotas City 34.3 49.1 56.9 34.3 54.1 66.2 Paranaque City 74.7 96.5 115.5 74.7 105.9 133.7 Valenzuela City 50.2 79.3 94.6 50.2 87.9 111.4 Cavite City 11.2 12.8 14.4 11.2 14.3 17.1 Bacoor 12.4 28.4 48.9 12.4 31.5 57.7 Municipality Imus Municipality 2.6 8.5 17.0 2.6 9.3 19.9 Kawit Municipality 6.2 8.4 10.7 6.2 9.3 12.8 Noveleta 1.6 3.3 5.6 1.6 3.7 6.7 Municipality Rosario 2.8 6.1 10.2 2.8 6.7 12.1 Municipality 1,090.2 1,489.4 1,818.0 1,090.2 1,633.4 2,103.8

2.3 Project Components and Activities

The proposed Water Supply Services Recovery Project has three major components, which are all geared towards the improvement of MWSI services. The upgrade of the services in the concession area through rehabilitation and restructuring of the distribution network and ancillary facilities will lead to better control of NRW; thus enhance MWSI revenues through increase in the water sales volume.

The three project components are: 1. Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Water Treatment Plants 2. Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of the Primary Distribution System and Establishment of Hydraulic Areas 3. Construction of a new reservoir in the New Bilibid Prison compound in Muntinlupa

2.3.1 The Rehabilitation of the MWSI La Mesa Dam Water Treatment Plants

Existing Treatment Facilities MWSI utilises two water treatment plants in La Mesa Dam, Treatment Plant No. 1 (LP1) and Treatment Plant 2 (LP2). LP1 covers an area of approximately 20 hectares and includes four cells of sludge lagoon that cumulatively cover an area of approximately 5 hectares, located to the southwest of the plant facility. LP2 is approximately 6 hectares wide and is located north of LP1 (Figure 2-2). Although both plants are situated near the La Mesa Reservoir, these derive raw water from Ipo Dam through the Novaliches Portal.

Figure 2-2. Location map of the two treatment facilities in La Mesa Dam

LP1 has a design capacity of 1,500 MLD and peak throughput of 1,650 MLD. It uses a standard flocculation-settlement-rapid gravity filter technique with no automation. It started operating in 1982. Minimal rehabilitation has been undertaken since it was constructed. The treatment process involves coagulation and flocculation of suspended matter using Aluminum Sulphate and Polyelectrolyte, clarification by the removal of solids in horizontal flow settlement tanks and high-rate rapid gravity sand filters. Figure 2-3 illustrates the flow process.

LP1 sufficiently complies with the PNSDW (Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water) criteria. However, during extreme rainfall events (e.g., during typhoons), it experiences difficulty in addressing high turbidity and complying with the criteria.

LP2 has a smaller design capacity at 900 MLD with a peak capacity of 990 MLD. It is a pulsator filter operating with pneumatic systems and electro-mechanical equipment. As shown in Figure 2-4, the treatment process follows this sequence: coagulation, flocculation, clarification and filtration. Coagulation is initiated by applying alum to the raw water. Polyelectrolyte is subsequently added to set off flocculation. In a pulsator type of treatment plant, the sludge is kept in suspension and acts as a blanket that filters out fine particles. Although fine particles still escape during the clarification stage, these are removed during filtration, the last stage of the treatment process. Backwashing is conducted every 48 hours of operation to prevent complete clogging of the filters.

LP2 produces water of good quality and complies with the PNSDW standards throughout the year including days when the raw water turbidity is very high.

LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 1 WATER TREATMENT PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM

Aluminum Sulfate Polymer Raw Water from LP-1 Pre-chlorination

Condensing Junction Box Rapid Mixing Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Solution Structure

Potassium Permanganate

Sludge Lagoons

Intermediate

To Bagbag Reservoir Filtration Post Chlorination

Figure 2-3. Process Flow Diagram of the La Mesa Treatment Plan No. 1

LA MESA TREATMENT PLANT No. 2 WATER TREATMENT PROCESS BLOCK DIAGRAM

Pre-chlorination Raw water from LP-2 Open canal Aluminum Sulfate Polymer (Portal) Caustic Soda

Screening Coagulation Floecculation (Raw Water Inlet) (Repartition Building) (Pulsator-Clarifier)

Proposed Potassium Permanganate Application (300 m. away from the plant)

Washwater Recovery Tank

Claustic Soda (if necessary) Effluent Filtration

Post Chlorination

Figure 2-4. Flow Process of Treatment Plant No. 2

Proposed Rehabilitation

The proposed rehabilitation works would mainly address the following: · Improvement/maximizing the treatment plant capacity · Improvement of the quality of the treated water · Improvement of the operational efficiency and reliability · Acceptable sludge management

For LP1, rehabilitation will be geared towards increasing the production capacity from 1,500 MLD to 1,800 MLD by upgrading the clarifiers and refurbishing the filters. The upgrading of the clarifiers could either be by installing of sludge scrapers and Lamella plates or, by installing Lamella only but with increased frequency of manual cleaning of the clarifiers. The refurbishment of the filters would require the repair of the penstocks, replacement of filter media and repair of the level sensors and other filter controls. The highest level of rehabilitation is the automation of the operation by providing Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) to control individual equipment, including data acquisition. As there is no opportunity to increase the capacity or improve on the performance of LP2, no major rehabilitation is required. However, proper maintenance is still required to ensure that all equipment are operating in accordance with the design.

The rehabilitation of the two water treatment plants will also focus on the improvement of the sludge management system. Sludge is generated in the clarification and filtration stages. In LP1, the sludge is directed to four sludge lagoons. To date, these lagoons are full as de-sludging has never been conducted since operations commenced in 1982. Any overflow from these lagoons directly flows to the La Mesa Creek. LP2 has an automated system and the clarifiers generate less sludge than LP1. The original plan was to direct the sludge from LP2 to the nearest sludge lagoon of LP1. However, this did not materialize as the sludge lagoon is more elevated than LP2 as the sludge may backflow from the lagoons to LP2. Thus, the discharge from LP2 is directed to the La Mesa Creek.

The improvement of the sludge management system greatly requires dredging of the accumulated sludge in the existing lagoons.

The following options for managing the existing sludge may be considered: · Disposal in a landfill · Land application in lahar areas · Usage as cement/concrete admixture · Usage as backfill material

To manage the newly generated sludge, the following options may be taken: · Sludge volume reduction by separating the filter backwash sludge from the clarifier sludge and by construction of a sludge drying bed to decrease the supernatant · Sequential filling of the lagoons · Constructing a sludge pumping chamber at the end of the LP2 sludge drain line to pump the sludge to the lagoons in LP1

2.3.2 Rehabilitation and Reconfiguration of Primary Distribution System and Establishment of Hydraulic Areas

The Existing Distribution System

Pipelines Fifty percent of the 4,100 km pipe network is more than 50 years old, while the rest was installed in the 1980’s as part of the improvement during the construction of the La Mesa Treatment Plant and the associated Rehab 1 and Rehab 2 projects of MWSS (Figure 2-5). About 50% are PVC pipes with CI (cast iron) and AC (asbestos cement) as the main materials except for the primary mains which are predominantly steel. The pipelines are characterized as:

· Primary Distribution System (PDS) – Diameter is from 350 mm or more. It should have no direct service connections. This represents around 9% of the total length of the main system.

· Secondary Distribution System (SDS) – Diameter is between 150 mm to 300 mm. Distributes water from the primary system to localities, service connections are made to these lines although in an ideal system, this should not occur. About 13% of the distribution system fits this category.

· Tertiary Distribution System (TDS) – Diameter is from100 mm and below delivering water to customer supplies. About 78% is composed of these small mains.

Figure 2-5. Age profile of existing water pipelines

Pressure in the system is below the required (7 psi), wherein contamination of the system is possible. Information on the pipe conditions is limited as well. As mentioned in the preceding section, the interconnections of secondary and tertiary pipes are complicated, making monitoring difficult.

Pumps , Storage and Pump Stations Water from the La Mesa Treatment Plants is fed to the distribution system through gravity. For the North and South areas, these are fed through storage and/ or booster pumps.

There are 17 existing pump stations, 10 of which are operational. The pump stations are operated manually and on schedules. There are 15 existing storage areas, 11 are fed through gravity while four are fed through a pump system. Of the 11 gravity system reservoirs, seven are operational and the rest are non-operational. Only two of the pump system reservoirs are operational.

Measurement and Control For flow and pressure measurements, MWSI emplaced gauging points, meters and isolation valves in strategic locations. There are 61 gauging points where regular readings are made, 116 meters and 51 isolation valves that enable flow control in the system. By 2007, MWSI is committed to install a total of 61 gauging points, 154 district meters and 77 isolation valves.

Proposed Rehabilitation The second project component entails the following improvement: · Installation of new primary main to be located adjacent to the existing primary lines. · Improvement of the secondary and tertiary distribution lines · Measurement of hydraulic zoning · Improvement of humping Stations · Procurement of instruments and equipment, as well as provision of trainings

Pipelines The proposed Primary Distribution System (PDS) that serves as the backbone of the water supply system was built using an Epanet network model for 2005 (PDNHM-2005). This was expanded into the Primary Distribution Network Hydraulic model for 2015 (PDNHM-15). The model aims to develop PDS options; hydraulic modelling and conduct water demand projections and allocation of nodal demands.

Result of the modelling exercise provided one valid option for MWSI (4MDDb) out of the five preferred PDS development options presented. Table 2-4 presents the component facilities of the 2010 and 2015 PDS Improvement Plans based on the Model/Option 4MDDb. Figures 2-6 and 2-7 show the proposed configuration of the primary lines for 2010 and 2015, respectively.

Table 2-4. Existing component facilities and the proposed facilities with the 2010 and 2015 PDS Improvement Plans PUMPING STATION Existing Capacity Pump Station (MLD x M) Total Capacity (MLD x M) 2005 2010 2015 North A 104 x 63 No upgrade 320 x 69 North B 252 x 19 No upgrade No upgrade North C 207 x 49 228 x 49 No upgrade Commonwealth - 140 x 52.5 12 x 24 Algeciras BP 102 x 30 115 x 46 No upgrade Algeciras SP 113 x 45.7 49 x 42 No upgrade Ermita SP 34 x 29 201 x 36 No upgrade Ermita BP 68 x 24 60 x 52.5 No upgrade Espiritu SP 90 x 45.7 216 x 47.25 No upgrade Espiritu BP No upgrade No upgrade

Pasay BP-A 34.8 x 40 No upgrade 30 x 19.5 Pasay SP-A 23.4 x 45 270 x 52.5 30 x 19.5 Pasay BP-B 18 x 20 80 x 56.25 No upgrade Pasay SP-B - No upgrade No upgrade EDSA Roosevelt - - - Imus - - 4 x 10 Imus Bacoor - - 22 x 9 Muntinlupa BP1 - - 21 x 49.5 Muntinlupa BP2 - - 12 x 45 Villamor 34 x 30 No upgrade -

RESERVOIRS Existing Volume Required Reservoir (Volume) ML Remarks Reservoir (ML) Year 2010 Yr 2015 La Mesa 56 56 56 Use existing Bagbag 200 200 200 Use Existing Sacred Heart 12 10 10 Use existing Binuksuk 30 30 30 Use existing Algeciras 38 38 38 Use existing Pasay 19 19 19 Use existing Ermita 19 19 19 Use existing Espiritu 19 19 19 Use existing New Bilibid 0 35 35 Build new Prison, Muntinlupa Total 393 426 426

PDS Pipe Length Existing Pipes (m) New Pipes Length (m) Pipe Diameter 2005 2010 2015 Total (mm) 300Ø <600 208,923 61,633 54,160 115,793 600 Ø <1200 145,914 74,399 58,506 132,905 1200 Ø <2000 79,243 39,072 7,575 46,647 Total 434,080 175,104 120,241 295,345

Figure 2-6. Layout of the Primary Distribution System 2010

Figure 2-7. Layout of Primary Distribution System 2015

Business Center and Zone Measurement

To properly assess and identify NRW sources in the different sections of the network, accurate and reliable information on flows and pressures in the water distribution network is essential. At present, there are 15 business centers. In each business center, there are multiple inflows and outflows requiring a number of meters for each business center (Figure 2-8). This results to inaccuracy of water consumption measurements for an area associated with several meter readings, as well as difficulty in managing network operations and maintenance.

For the proposed improvement plan, hydraulic areas will be established to address such difficulties. Hydraulic areas are areas with closed hydraulic boundaries and ideally with a single feed from a large primary main, pump or a reservoir. Each hydraulic area is subdivided into district metered areas/zones (DMZ) which again will, as far as practical, have closed boundaries and a single metered feed. This restructuring of the network is essential to be able to understand inflows and outflows in the system. The schematic representations of a distribution network before and after establishment of DMZs are given in Figures 2-9 and 2-10. Figure 2-11 illustrates the schematic representation of a DMZ.

Inflow

Outflow

Figure 2-8. Typical Business Centre Arrangement (i.e., Quirino BC)

Figure 2-9. The existing distribution system

Figure 2-10. The proposed distribution system

Figure 2-11. The schematic representation of a District Meter Zone (DMZ)

2.3.3 Construction of a New Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa

In establishment of the PDS plan, a new water source was identified for the South Business Center (i.e., 300 MLD from Laguna Lake). This requires a corresponding storage which is the third component of the 10 year improvement plan. The new reservoir will be located in the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa (Figure 2-12) and will have a capacity of 30 ML. It will be an underground of water storage similar with the Bagbag Reservoir (Plate 2-2). It will have a dimension of approximately 75m x 75m x 6m. A pump of 30 MLD capacity will also be installed to draw water from the reservoir to the distribution lines.

Plate 2-2. The underground reservoir in Bagbag, similar structure will be built in the New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa, which will serve the South Business Area.

BCGS Magnetic

The proposed 2- ha water storage

Victoria Homes

Figure 2-12. Location Map of the Proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir

2.4 Project Cost The total project cost is Php 33.050 Billion with Php 21.188 Billion (64%) and Php 11.862 Billion (36%) allocated respectively for Phase 1(2006-2010) and Phase 2 (2010-2015) projects. Table 2-5 shows the budget per project component:

Table 2-5. Project cost per component Project Components Total (In Million Pesos) Component 1 Water Treatment Plants Rehabilitation 398.00 Components 2 and 3 Rehabilitation of Primary Distribution 9,771.00 System/ Construction of New Reservoir Zones Rehabilitation/Reconfiguration 15,310.00 General Costs Services and Training 3,260.00 Physical Contigency 4,311.00 Total Cost 33,050.00

2.5 Project Schedule The 10 year development plan is from 2006 to 2015. The project implementation schedule is shown in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6. Project Implementation Schedule

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR THE 10 YEAR IMPROVEMENT PLAN

HYDRAULIC PHASE 1 PHASE 2 SYSTEM AREA LOCATION 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 North A 1 North A (Nova/Ncal) 2 NORTH B (Nova/Val) North B 3 NORTH B (Val) 4 NORTH C (Comm) North C 5 NORTH C (Nova/Qui) 6 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Quirino) 7 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Quirino) 8 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Quirino) 9 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal) 10 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal) 11 MALABON-NAVOTAS (Mal/Nav) North 12 MALABON-NAVOTAS (Mal/Nav) Bagbag 13 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Scal) 14 CAL, RSVT & QUI (Rsvt) 15 CENTRAL (Sampaloc) 16 CENTRAL (Tondo) 17 CENTRAL (Sta Cruz/Tondo) 19 CENTRAL (Sampaloc) Algeciras 18 CENTRAL (Sta Cruz/Sam) Ermita 20 CENTRAL (South Manila) 21 ESPIRITU & VILLAMOR (Pasay/Makati) Espiritu 22 ESPIRITU & VILLAMOR (Pasay/Makati/Paran) 24 PASAY (Pasay/Makati/Paran) 25 PASAY EXTENSION (Cavite) Pasay 26 PASAY EXTENSION (Cavite) 27 PASAY (LP/Cavite) 23 300 MLD (Paranaque) 28 300 MLD (Munti) Laguna 29 300 MLD (Munti) 300 MLD 30 300 MLD (LP) 31 300 MLD (Cavite) Treatment Plant LP1 & LP2

Note: Schedule covers the following: Legend -Investigations (topo, soil, utility, mains) PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (PDS) WORKS -Preliminary Design ZONE REHABILITATION WORKS -Detail Design + bid documents TREATMENT PLANTS (LP1 & LP2) REHABILITATION -Bidding -Construction

3.0 Existing Environmental Conditions

3.1 Physical Environment 3.1.1 Topography The National Capital Region (NCR) is situated in a semi-alluvial floodplain encompassing a land area of 636 km2 open to Manila Bay on the west and to Laguna Lake on the south-east. The topography of the West Zone service area is characterized by the geological formations of the Coastal Margin and Guadalupe Plateau and its northeast border by the Marikina Valley Formation. Almost half of the concession area is under a coastal plain and ground elevation is below 10 mASL. Slopes are generally flat (0 to 1%) and drainage pattern is westward i.e., towards Manila Bay. Elevation at the Guadalupe Plateau is up to 100m amsl in the northern area and 30 to 40 m at the southern sector. A 1% to 3% rise in slope occurs from the coastal plains to the Guadalupe Plateau, while slopes at the Cavite coastal plains do not exceed 3%. In the southeastern sector of the concession area (i.e., Muntinlupa, elevations range from 20m to 50m amsl.

3.1.2 Geology and Structures

The Geology of Metro Manila is composed of five formational units namely Quaternary Alluvium, the Guadalupe Formation, the Alat Conglomerate, the Binangonan Limestone and Angat Formation (MGB, 1983). The Quaternary Alluvium consists of recent deposits of unconsolidated sediments of sandstone, siltstone, claystone and conglomerates, most of which are located in Manila and along the coastal sections of the Camanava and Las Pinas-Paranaque areas. The Guadalupe Formation is categorized into two sub-units, namely the pumiceous Pyroclastic Flow units underlying the Quezon City and Pasig-Mandaluyong-Taguig Area, and the more extensive volcanic Tuffaceous Deposits present in Quezon City, Caloocan and southeastern Metro Manila areas. The Alat Conglomerate generally underlies the Guadalupe Formation to the north and is observed in certain areas in Quezon City and Marikina, but exposures are more prominent in Bulacan. The Binangonan Limestone prominently underlies the areas of Antipolo and Teresa, Rizal along eastern Metro Manila. The basement Angat Formation consisting of upper Ophiolite sequences of Gabbro and Pillow Basalts are observed to occur at the northern Quezon City area and in the towns of Montalban, Taytay and Cainta, Rizal.

The active Valley Fault System (VFS) formerly named as the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) (Daligdig et. Al., 1997) traverse the Eastern Metro Manila and Rizal areas. The generally North-South trending VFS extends to the active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) to the north and links to the linear structure parallel to the Tagaytay Ridge at the south. The active PFZ is located east of Metro Manila and straddles the Sierra Madre Range. West of Manila is the active Manila Trench, which is subducting beneath the Luzon section of the Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) (Aurelio, 2000).

Site Geology and Structure: New Bilibid Compound Reservoir

The proposed site for the New Bilibid Prison Compound Reservoir is generally underlain by Tuffaceous Deposits of the Guadalupe Formation, with representative outcrops exposed in areas near the South Super Highway and at hillside areas. Active faults mapped by Phivolcs (2000) that were closely related to the VFS mostly cluster at the eastern section of the project site, with a general north- south trend. Based on the Attenuation Relation Equation of Fukushima and Tanaka (1992), Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values for the Muntinlupa area were calculated for a potential earthquake magnitude of 7.0 and a distance of 2.5 kilometres from the nearest probable active fault. The average PGA for the site is at 0.564, with as low as 0.338 for Bedrock, followed by 0.603 for Hard Soil, 0.491 for Medium Soil and 0.784 for Soft Soil. It should be noted that calculated peak PGA values are relatively higher due to proximity with the mapped active faults by Phivolcs (2000), that may have a close association with the Valley Fault System (VFS). Being underlain by mostly tuff deposits

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Figure 3-1. The proposed project site with respect to the Valley Fault System (in red lines, Phivolcs 1999)

3.1.3 Rainfall and Temperature The project area has two distinct seasons: the dry season from December to April and the wet season from May to November. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500mm to 2,000mm. About 90% of the rainfall occurs in the wet season with June or July as the wettest month.

Mean maximum temperature is 330C while mean minimum temperature is 21.10C. The cool months are December and January, while the hot months are April and May.

3.1.4 Air Quality

Data on air quality were based on the regular monitoring of the Metro Manila Airshed conducted by EMB-DENR. Twelve sampling stations that measure road concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) across Metro Manila were considered for this study. Data from the Metro Manila Airshed Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, another project of the EMB, which has ten operating stations that continuously measure real time concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and other parameters were also used. Meteorological conditions that can influence the behaviour of air pollutants like wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall and humidity were also measured in these stations. Table 3-1 shows the locations of the roadside monitoring stations for TSP, while Table 3-2 presents the monitoring stations for NO2 and SO2. Table 3-3 shows the monitoring equipment used in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila Airshed.

Table 3-1. EMB Roadside TSP Monitoring Stations in Metro Manila Station Number Location 1 EDSA corner Congressional Avenue 2 EDSA – National Printing Office 3 EDSA corner East Avenue 4 EDSA – MMDA Office 5 EDSA corner Taft 6 Valenzuela City Hall 7 Ateneo, Katipunan Avenue 8 Mandaluyong City Hall 9 Pasig – LLDA Compound 10 Ayala corner Gil Puyat 11 Pasay City Hall 12 Rizal Avenue – Department of Health

Table 3-2. Location of the Monitoring Stations for SO2 and NO2 Station Number Location

1 Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University Bureau of Broadcasting Services Compound, Marulas, 2 Valenzuela 3 Clark Air Force Base, Angeles City, Pampanga Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, 4 Manila 5 Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite National Mapping and Resource Information Authority 6 (NAMRIA), Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 7 Bureau of Plant Industry, Los Baños, Laguna 8 Provincial Veterinary Office, Batangas City 9 New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa City 10 Valle Verde I Subdivision, Pasig City

Table 3-3. Monitoring Equipment in the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network in Metro Manila Airshed Parameter Equipment/Method

SO2 Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyser

NOx Chemiluminescence

PM10 Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM)

TSP

The annual geometric mean of roadside TSP levels in Metro Manila for 2003 and 2004 is presented in Figure 3-2. In 2003, the Valenzuela City Hall Station had the highest mean concentration at 247µg/Nm3. Of the 10 operating monitoring stations in 2003, only the Ateneo Katipunan Station registered levels within the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standard for long term exposure (averaging time is 1 year). However in 2004, readings from all 12 TSP monitoring stations in Metro Manila exceeded the limits of the prescribed criterion. The highest annual mean concentration of TSP in 2004 was recorded at the intersection of EDSA and Congressional Avenue, where levels reached 275µg/Nm3, which is thrice the guideline values.

300

250 2004

200

3 2003 150

ug/Nm NAA QS 100 Guideline Value

0 Ave DOH Puyat Ateneo C ity Hall Katipunan EDSA Ayala - Gil EDSA Taft City Hall EDSA East EDSA NPO RizalAve - Valenzuela Pasig LLDAPasig EDSAMMDA Mandaluyong Congressional Pasay City Hall Stations

*Source: National Air Quality Status Report, 2003-2004

Figure 3-2. Annual Geometric Mean of Roadside TSP Levels in Metro Manila, 2003-2004 (mg/Nm3)

SO2 and NO2

Annual mean concentrations of SO2 recorded in 2003 and from June to December 2004 show that levels in the nine EMB monitoring stations were within the prescribed limit. Likewise, NO2 concentrations in 2003 did not exceed the 24-hour NAAQ standard guideline. Figures 3-3 and Figure 3-4 show the graphical presentation of SO2 and NO2 at the Manila Observatory Station in Ateneo.

*Source: National Air Quality Status Report, 2003-2004

Figure 3-3. SO2 Concentrations at the Manila Figure 3-4. NO2 Concentrations at the Manila Observatory, Observatory Ateneo Station (2003) Ateneo Station (2003)

3.1.5 Water Quality

This subsection is an assessment of the water quality in the surface waters that will be potentially affected by the implementation of the proposed project and its support facilities. The data for the La Mesa Creek are secondary, mainly from the database of the La Mesa Central Laboratory. Water quality of surface waters along the route of the proposed primary distribution lines, was derived from available secondary references, while data for the proposed reservoir in Muntinlupa are primary. These were gathered during water sampling conducted on 11 October 2006.

La Mesa Water Treatment Plants To comply with the Effluent Regulations of 1990 (DAO 90-35), five sampling stations for the monitoring of the discharges from LP1 and LP2 Treatments were established (Table 3-4, Figure 3-5)

Table 3-4. Sampling sites for wastewater monitoring Station Description LP1D LP1 Plant 1, overflow from sludge lagoon 1 LP2D LP2 Plant Effluent, from sludge chamber LMC1 La Mesa Creek, before discharge point of LP2 Plant LMC2 La Mesa Creek, mixing point with LP2 discharge Plant LMC3 La Mesa Creek, mixing point with LP1 discharge Plant *Tullahan River Crossing of Tullahan River and Commonwealth Avenue * not in the location map

LMC1

LMC2 LP2D

LMC3

LP1D

Figure 3-5. Locations of the water quality sampling stations

The water quality data of the wastewater from LP1 and LP2 Plants are presented in Tables 3-5 and 3- 6. The data were taken from the PCO reports and laboratory results from the MWSI Central Laboratory. Pursuant to DAO No. 90-35, compliance is reckoned at 90% of the year if daily effluent monitoring is done. Otherwise, the regulation that applies is 100% compliance or no exceedances at any time of the year.

La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 1 Overflow

Table 3-5. Wastewater Quality of LP1 Discharge DAO 90-35 Effluent Water Quality 2005 2006 Standard for Class C Parameters Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Receiving Waters BOD (mg/L) 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 50 COD (mg/L) 48 67 79.5 41 100 TSS (mg/L) 4 6 3.5 12 70 Color (PCU) 2.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 150 not more than 3ºC rise Temperature (ºC) 27 26 26 26 over ambient pH 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 6.5-9.0 Oil/Grease (mg/L) 0.6 0.1 0.15 0.1 5 Coliform MPN/100mL 500 50 50 2 10,000

BOD and COD The levels for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) ranged from 3.0 to 3.3 mg/L from Q2 2005 to Q1 2006. Levels are far less than the 50 mg/L criteria for BOD in wastewater. For Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), levels ranged from 41 mg/L to 79.5 mg/L. Similar with BOD, COD levels are less than the 100 mg/L maximum limit. LP1 complies with the prescribed Effluent Quality limits.

Color, Temperature and pH The color in the LP1 discharge ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 PCU. Thus, it complies with the prescribed criterion of 150 PCU. Temperature ranged from 26ºC to 27ºC. The DAO 90-35 requirement for temperature is a minimum of 3ºC increase from the ambient temperature. The LP1 discharge complied accordingly as shown by the temperature of La Mesa Creek which usually varied from 26.0 ºC to 27.0 ºC. The pH readings ranged from 7.2 to 7.6 and are within the 6.5 to 9.0 prescribed limits.

TSS and Oil/Grease The total suspended solids (TSS) level ranged from 3.5 mg/L to 12 mg/L and does not exceed the 70 mg/L prescribed limit for effluent quality. The levels of oil/grease, which had a range of 0.1 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L, likewise complied with the required limit of 5 mg/L.

Total Coliform Laboratory results indicate that the LP1 wastewater passed the criteria for Effluent Quality. Levels ranged from 2 to 500 MPN/100 mL and are way below the 10,000 MPN/100 mL guidelines.

La Mesa Treatment Plant No. 2 (LP2 Effluent)

Table 3-6. Wastewater Quality of LP2 Discharge

DAO 90-35 Effluent 2005 Water Quality 2006 Standard for Class C Parameters Receiving Waters Q1 Q3 Q1 Q2 BOD (mg/L) 60 653 20 77 50 COD (mg/L) 1200.5 1,259 787 1092 100 TSS (mg/L) 20,004 36,324 20,004 18,724 70 Color (PCU) 52.7 6 53 40 150 27.5 25.3 26.5 not more than 3ºC rise Temperature (ºC) 26.7 over ambient pH 6.9 7.3 6.9 7.2 6.5-9.0 Oil/Grease (mg/L) 40.7 1 41 20 5 Coliform MPN/ 2 101 2 8 10,000 100mL Note: The available data for the LP2 discharge are from Q1 2005, Q3 2005 to Q3 2006.

BOD and COD For the period of Q1 2005 to Q1 2006, the BOD levels in the effluent ranged from 20 mg/L to 653 mg/L, sometimes exceeding the 50 mg/L DAO 90-35 maximum limit. COD levels varied from 787 mg/L to 1, 259 mg/L, and are above the prescribed limit of 100 mg/L.

Color, Temperature and pH Color ranged from 6.0 PCU to 52.7 PCU and does not exceed the 150 PCU limit. Temperature and pH varied from 25.3 ºC to 27.5 ºC and 6.9 to 7.6, respectively. Comparing the temperature of the LP2 wastewater with that of the La Mesa Creek, there is no exceedance to the prescribed limit. Likewise, the pH levels ranged from 6.5 to 7.3, which were still within the allowable range of 6.5 – 9.0.

TSS and Oil/Grease TSS is relatively elevated in LP2 than in LP1. Results indicate that TSS levels ranged from 18,724 mg/L to 36,324 mg/L, highly elevated relative to the 70 mg/L maximum value. These levels of TSS stress the importance of a settling basin to effectively decrease the solids before the discharge exits to the La Mesa Creek. Similarly, oil/grease levels are elevated. Compared with the prescribed limit of 5 mg/L, the water discharge in LP2 registered levels that ranged from 1.0 mg/L to 40.7 mg/L. As this plant is automated, the maintenance of the facility involves the use of lubricants which may have been the source of the oil/grease levels.

Total Coliform Total coliform readings varied from 2 MPN/100mL to 101 MPN/100mL. Although detectable, the levels do not exceed the standard value of 10,000 MPN/100 mL average for three-month-monitoring period.

La Mesa Creek and Tullahan River The nearest water body to the La Mesa Treatment Plants is the La Mesa Creek, a north-south trending tributary of Tullahan River. This creek also catches the drainage of Lagro Subdivision, located west of LP2. The wastewater of LP2 is piped from the sludge chamber to La Mesa Creek. In LP1, the wastewater overflowing from the sludge lagoons flows to a central canal that also leads to La Mesa Creek. Table 3-7 presents the water quality data of the monitoring station along La Mesa Creek upstream of LP2, while the water quality data at the mixing point of the La Mesa Creek and LP2 discharge is tabulated in Table 3-8. Table 3-9 presents the available data on the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and LP1, while Table 3-10 presents the water quality of Tullahan River taken from Commonwealth Avenue. Data available for the La Mesa Creek is from July 2005 to November 2005, while the available data for Tullahan River is from September to November 2005 and from February to August 2006. The discharge flow is monitored using Venturi and Magnetic Flow Meters.

Table 3-7. Water Quality of La Mesa Creek Upstream of LP2 Discharge

2005 DAO 90-34 Criteria for Class C water Water Quality (annual average Parameter July August September November value) BOD (mg/L) 4.1 6 2.9 3 7(10 max) COD (mg/L) 36 45 84 88 - not more than 30 mg/L increase over TSS (mg/L) 4 92 12 2 background Color (PCU) 3 2 4 4 - Temperature (ºC) 27.9 27.2 28 26 - pH 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.5 6.5 - 8.5 Oil/Grease (mg/L) n.d. 0.2 1.3 0.1 2 Dissolved Oxygen 8.0 8.0 7.2 7.2 5 (min) (mg/L) 5.0 x 103 (geometric mean over 3-month Total Coliform 5.0 x 104 1.3 x104 2.3 x104 2.2 x 106 period not to be (MPN/100 mL) exceeded in 20% samples)

Table 3-8. Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP2 Discharge

DAO 90-34 Criteria for Water Quality 2006 Class C water (annual 2005 Parameters average value) Q1 Q3 Q2 Q3 BOD (mg/L) 10 17 20.5 6 7(10 max) COD (mg/L) 316.5 245 300 145 - not more than 30 mg/L TSS (mg/L) 9,177.7 23,100 7,050 26,900 increase Color (PCU) 22.6 3 40 3 - not more than 3ºC rise over average of Temperature (ºC) 26.7 27.3 26.4 27.3 maximum daily temperature over 1 month pH 6.9 7.6 7.2 7.1 6.5-8.5 Oil/Grease (mg/L) 15 1 21 2 5.0 x 103 (geometric mean over 3-month Coliform MPN/100 nL 2 361 2 2 period not to be exceeded in 20% samples)

Table 3-9. Water Quality of the Mixing Point of La Mesa Creek and LP1 Discharge

DAO 90-34 Criteria for Water Quality 2005 Class C water (annual Parameters average value) August September November BOD (mg/L) 10 14 15 7(10 max) COD (mg/L) 81 297 306 - Not more than 30 mg/L TSS (mg/L) 652 5000 5733 increase Color (PCU) 3 4 4 - 27.4 26.0 not more than 3ºC rise over average of maximum daily Temperature (ºC) 27.0 temperature over 1 month pH 7.9 7.1 7.1 6.5-8.5 Oil/Grease (mg/L) 0.2 1.4 0.2 2 Dissolved Oxygen 6.7 5.9 5.0 5.0 (min) (DO) (mg/L) 5.0 x 10 3 (geometric mean 4 4 over 3-month period not to Coliform MPN/100 mL 5.0 x 10 3.0 x 10 27 be exceeded in 20% samples)

Table 3-10. Water Quality of Tullahan River (Commonwealth Avenue)

2005 2006 DAO 90-34 Water Quality Criteria for Parameters Sept Nov Feb March April June July August Class C water pH 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.2 7 7.2 6.5-8.5 Color 4 5 3 3 5 38 125 50 - not more than 3ºC rise over average of Temperature 27 26 25.8 26 25.9 27 - 27 maximum daily temperature over 1 month BOD 25 19 nd Nd 13 23 13 9 7 COD 545 139 32 94 33 90 204 23 - Dissolved Oxygen 4.2 0.1 6.5 n.d. 6 5.3 4.9 5.6 5 TSS 730 2,033 375 2,100 35 2,250 685 292 - Oil/Grease 5 0.8 21 32 12 5 3 2 2 5.0 x 10 3 (geometric mean over 3- Total Coliform 1.4 x107 5.0 x 106 5.0 x 106 3.4 x 107 2.0 106 1.1 x 107 1.9 x 106 1.1 x 106 month period not to be exceeded in 20% samples)

Tullahan River is classified under Class C, based on DAO 90-34. The La Mesa Creek is also categorized in the same class based on its best beneficial future usage. Thus, the water quality data of these two streams are compared with the prescribed criteria for Class C waters.

DO, BOD and COD The available water quality data of the La Mesa Creek portion before the discharge point of LP2 are from July 2005 to September 2005 and November 2005. The DO levels ranged from 7.2 mg/L to 8.0 mg/L, conforming to the 5.0 mg/L minimum limit. The BOD and COD data varied from 2.9 mg/L to 6 mg/L and 36 mg/L to 88 mg/L, respectively (Table 3-7).

Water quality data from the mixing point of the LP2 discharge and La Mesa Creek are available from Q1 2005 to Q3 2006. Levels of BOD and COD in this station during these periods ranged from 6 mg/L to 20.5 mg/L and from 145 mg/L to 316.5 mg/L, respectively (Table 3-8). The BOD levels show some exceedance to the BOD maximum criteria of 10 mg/L. For COD, there is no standard set by the DENR.

Further downstream in the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the LP1 discharge, the DO levels ranged from 5.0 mg/L to 6.7 mg/L and are compliant with the DENR minimum limit. The BOD is from 10 mg/l to 15 mg/L and exceeded the maximum limit. COD levels are from 81 mg/L to 306 mg/L (Table 3-9).

For Tullahan River, the available data are from September 2005 to November 2005 and February 2006 to August 2006 (Table 3-10). In the said period, DO concentrations ranged from 0.1 mg/L to 6.5 mg/L. Generally, the 5 mg/L minimum limit is met except for a few events where the DO readings failed to meet the required value. This may be due to the very slow stream flow making aeration limited. Such failure to meet the required value does not however indicate that the wastewater coming from the plants directly affect the DO levels of Tullahan River.

BOD levels ranged from 9 mg/L to 25 mg/L, exceeding the maximum limit of 10 mg/L. COD ranged from 23 mg/l to 545 mg/L. Results show that BOD exceeded the required limit.

Color, Temperature and pH Upstream of the discharge point of LP2, the color varied from 2 PCU to 4 PCU. Temperature yielded a range of 26ºC to 28 ºC, while pH ranged from 7.4 to 7.9. The pH meets the DAO 90-34 criteria, while there are no criteria applicable for color and temperature in control stations.

At the discharge point of LP2, color ranged from 3 PCU to 40 PCU. Temperature and pH varied from 25.3 ºC to 27.3 ºC and 6.9 to 7.6, respectively. The pH levels ranged from 6.5 to 7.6, still within the 6.5 – 9.0 allowable limits. Temperature is within the allowed maximum 3ºC rise over ambient.

Color levels after the discharge point of LP1 varied from 3 PCU to 4 PCU. Temperature and pH ranged from 26.0 ºC to 27.4 ºC and 7.1 to 7.9, respectively. Bother parameters comply with water quality criteria set by DENR.

In the Tullahan River, color was measured to range from 3 PCU to 125 PCU, while temperature ranged from 25.8ºC to 27ºC. No prescribed limits are applicable to these parameters. For pH, the range was 7.0 to 7.8 indicating compliance with the allowable limits (6.5 to 8.5).

TSS and Oil/Grease (La Mesa Creek and Tullahan River) TSS levels in La Mesa Creek varied from 2 mg/L to 92 mg/L. This is the background level for this water body as this is upstream of any discharge from LP1 and LP2. Oil/grease concentrations ranged from 0.1 mg/L to 1.3 mg/L, and are within the 2 mg/L criterion.

At the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the discharge water from LP2, laboratory results indicate that TSS levels ranged from 7,050 mg/L to 23,100 mg/L. The data show elevated levels stressing the importance of a settling basin to effectively decrease the solids before the discharge exits to the La Mesa Creek. Similarly, oil/grease levels are elevated. Compared with the prescribed limit of 2 mg/L, the levels ranged from 1mg/L to as high as 21 mg/L. As this plant is automated, the maintenance of the facility involves the use of lubricants, which may have been the source of the oil/grease levels.

At the mixing point of La Mesa Creek and the discharge from LP1, TSS levels were from 652 mg/L to 5, 733 mg/L, reflecting the high TSS of the LP2 discharge. Oil and grease levels are compliant, with a range of 0.2 mg/l to 1.4 mg/L.

In the Tullahan River station, the oil/grease levels ranged from 0.8 mg/L to 32 mg/L. Levels are elevated compared to the 2 mg/L guideline. Given that the Tullahan River receives drainage from various residential areas and thoroughfares, it is expected that oil/grease levels are elevated.

Total Coliform The range of coliform levels upstream of La Mesa Creek is from 1.3x104 MPN/100mL to 2.2 x 106 MPN/100 mL. Levels exceed the MPN/100 mL criterion of 5 x 103 required limit. Tullahan River registered a more elevated range of levels, from 1.1x106 MPN/100 mL to 3.4x107 MPN/100 mL. The

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Distribution Lines As discussed in the preceding section, the distribution lines follow the road alignments. These cross several waterways that may be impacted during the installation of the new pipes. Due to the lack of available data on the small tributaries that would be potentially affected, the discussion in this report will be on the current general condition of the main river systems where these tributaries drain to.

From the water treatment plants in La Mesa Dam, the established ROW (Right of Way) crosses creeks and rivers that belong to the Tullahan River System. Rehabilitation works in the ROW in the western part of the MWSI service area would probably affect the Tullahan-Tejeros River system. In the Tandang Sora area, Dario Creek, a tributary of San Francisco River may be potentially affected. In the Manila-Pasay area, the ROW crosses several canals that lead to Manila Bay. The ROW for the distribution lines from the proposed reservoir in Muntinlupa to the respective supply areas cross water channels that eventually drain to Laguna Lake. These creeks exhibit typical physical conditions of waterways in highly urbanized areas: voluminous floating garbage, dark color and very slow flow of water which produce unpleasant odor.

Programs (e.g., Sagip Batis sa Quezon City, etc.) driven by both government and public agencies have tackled the state of water quality of main river channels such as Tullahan River and San Juan River. Laguna Lake is closely monitored by Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA). Limited raw data on these findings are readily available in secondary references (e.g., internet, magazines, newsletters, daily newspaper). Nevertheless, the most significant finding is that these rivers are biologically dead with DO levels measured at 0 mg/L. The decreasing trend in DO is coupled with increasing BOD levels.

Tributary of the Poblacion Creek, New Bilibid, Muntinlupa The proposed Muntinlupa reservoir is located in the southwest sector of the New Bilibid Prison Compound. Approximately 300 meters to the south of the proposed area is an east-west trending creek, a tributary of the Poblacion River. This creek provides for the washing and cleaning water requirements of the households located along the creek. Drainage from the proposed project site leads to the creek as indicated by the topography. This also indicates that the construction of the proposed reservoir will potentially impact on the said creek.

Water samples were collected from two stations on 11 October 2006, to establish the baseline water quality condition of the creek. Station B1 is 10 meters east of the concrete road to Victoria Homes, while B2 is approximately 100 m downstream of B1 (Figure 3-6).

The parameters that were analysed were selected based on the potential impacts of a water impoundment project. In situ readings were taken for pH, temperature and DO. A HORIBA® D-22 model glass-electrode pH meter was used to measure pH and temperature while DO readings were measured with a WTW® Oxi 330i DO meter. Sampling techniques, preservation and handling of samples are standardized with the Australian/New Zealand Standard 5667.1:1998 summarized in the Water Quality Sampling Manual, Third Edition (1999), by the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency.

The analytical procedures employed are based on the Philippine Standard Methods for Air and Water analysis as recommended by the DENR (Table 3-11).

BCGS Magnetic

The proposed 2-ha water storage area Station B2

Station B1

Victoria Homes Subdivision

Figure 3-6. Locations of water quality sampling stations (in yellow circle)

Table 3-11. Analytical Methods

Parameter Method BOD Azide Modification (Dilution Technique) TSS Gravimetric (dried at 103-105?C)

NO3-N Bruccine Sulfate

PO4-P Stannous Chloride Turbidity Nephelometric Method Total Coliform Multiple Tube Fermentation Fecal Coliform Multiple Tube Fermentation

Based on the best beneficial use of the water, this creek is classified under Class C of the DAO 90-34 classification. Results of the analyses (Table 3-12) are evaluated using the prescribed limits for such water class.

Table 3-12. Water Quality Data of the Poblacion River Tributary Water Quality B1 B2 DAO 90-34 Parameters Class C pH 7.39 7.33 6.0-9.0 Temperature 30.3 30.4 not more than 3ºC rise over the average of max daily temp over 1 month DO - 5.5 5 (min) BOD (mg/L) 7 7 7 (10 max) TSS (mg/L) 5 12 Not more than 30 mg/L increase

PO4-P (mg/L) 1.39 1.45 0.4

NO3-N (mg/L) 0.03 <0.01 - Turbidity (NTU) 8.4 9.9 - Total Coliform 8.0 x 106 3.0 x 104 5.0 x 10 3 (geometric mean (MPN/ 100 mL) over 3-month period not to be exceeded in 20% samples) Fecal Coliform 2.3 x 106 3.0 x 104 - (MPN/ 100 mL)

Both stations exhibit compliance with criteria for pH, DO and BOD. However, levels of PO4-P and coliform are elevated in both stations, most probably effects of the households located near the creek. The contribution of domestic waste to the creek is reflected by the elevated levels of fecal coliform. Temperature and TSS levels are reflective of normal background levels.

3.2 Biological Environment

Rapid assessment of flora and fauna was also conducted in the premises of the three project components. Methodology include gathering of secondary information, walk-through surveys, as well as photo-documentation.

3.2.1 Vicinity of the La Mesa Dam The La Mesa watershed covers a total area of 2,700 ha: about 1900 ha of forest land and 700 ha covered by the La Mesa Reservoir. The rest is occupied by the La Mesa Eco-park (33 ha) and the built-up area where the La Mesa Water Treatment Facilities including the sludge lagoons (32 ha) are located (Plate 3-1). The watershed/forestland is maintained by MWSS while the water treatment facilities are operated and maintained by MWSI. Cumulative efforts of several agencies both from the government and private sectors maintain the vegetative landscape of the Ecopark.

In addition to the natural forest cover of the area surrounding the La Mesa Dam, the vegetation has been boosted by numerous tree-planting activities of various organizations. Table 3-13 is a list of flora species abundantly observed around the reservoir.

Plate 3-1. The La Mesa Watershed. The built up area is LP1 ( LP2 is located up north of LP1 but not shown in the photo). The Ecopark is located adjacent to LP1 at the south-south west.

Table 3-13. Tree species commonly observed in La Mesa Dam Common Name Scientific Name Habitat/Economic Status Acacia Acacia auriculaeformi, The Acasia grows wild everywhere in the Racosperma Philippines, and is often used for local handicrafts, aurculiforme and especilly suited for turning into bowls and plates. Ipil-ipil Leucaena A small tree, soil stabilizer and leaves can be used leucocephala as an animal feed G.Melina Gmelina aborea One of the most used plantation species in the Philippines. Widely used for finger jointed and edge glued materials for shelves, furniture parts, and mouldings Mahogany Shorea negrosensis Also known as Lauan, it is considered the very best in Asia. Narra Pterocarpus indicus Narra is considered the most valuable wood in the Philippines. Most often used for furniture, flooring, and panels. Neem Azadirachta indica A small tree; Insect repellant Raintree Samanea saman Grows best in the lowlands

The lagoons were observed to be vegetated with grasses with ipil-ipil and acacia trees growing along the berms (Plates 3-2). These are deemed to be affected during lagoon de-sludging.

Plate 3-2. Vegetation in the sludge lagoons and immediate vicinity

Being one of the few forested places in Metro Manila, the La Mesa Eco-park vicinity has been a birdwatching venue for bird enthusiasts. Table 3-14 is a list of the various avian species observed by the Wild Bird Club of the Philippines during several trips to La Mesa Dam.

Table 3-14. Bird species observed in the vicinity of La Mesa Dam Common Name Scientific Name Family Name Ecological Status/Distribution

Little Heron Butorides striatus Ardeidae Fairly common resident/migrant; fields adjacent to forest, open country and grasslands

Black-crowned Nycticorax Ardeidae Uncommon migrant; from Java to Night-heron nycticorax New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and SW Pacific; roosts in trees near water during the day, and flies in wide variety of wetlands to feed during the night Osprey Pandion haliaetus Pandionidae Uncommon migrant; from Taiwan and SE Asia; associated with water as it feeds exclusively on fish White-eared Brown- Phapitreron leucotis Columbidae Common endemic; second Dove growth to primary forest from lowlands to about 1600m in all forest levels Amethyst Brown- Phapitreron Columbidae Common locally; found in the Dove amethystina lowlands but prefers middle and higher elevations in primary and secondary forest Guaiabero Bolbopsittacus Psittacidae Common endemic; montane lunulatus forest and forest edge from 1000 to 2500m Scale-feathered Phaenicophaeus Cuculidae Fairly common endemic; found in Malkoha cumingi forest, forest edge and second growth up to at least 2000m

Common Name Scientific Name Family Name Ecological Status/Distribution

Philippine Coucal Centropus viridis Cuculidae Common endemic; found in lowland forest and forest edge Nightjar sp Caprimulgus sp Indian subcontient, China, SE Asia and Philippines; migrates to Indonesia and New Guinea. Prefers rather open mountain forest and scrub. Typical nightjar flight, settles on ground or on horizontal branch in daytime. Island Swiftlet Aerodramus Apodidae Common resident; Sulawesi, vanikorensis Moluccas to New Guinea, SW pacific islands; found in lowlands below 900m and forage over grasslands, forest, fish ponds and mangroves Glossy Swiflet Collocalia esculenta Apodidae Common resident; and from Andamas, Nicobars, Malay Peninsula, SW Pacific; ranges from sea coasts to high mountains House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae Locally common resident; Africa to southern China and Taiwan, SE Asia; usually in lowlands and associated with water. White-collared Halcyon chloris Alcedinidae Common; Red Sea east to SE Kingfisher China, south thru mainland and archipelagic SE Asia to South Pacific

Blue-throated Bee- Merops viridis Meropidae Fairly common resident; SE eater China, SE Asia; found foraging in open areas and clearings adjacent to forest and scrub/cogon fields. Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima Capitonidae Common resident; India to SW haemacephala China, SE Asia; found in forest edge and forest where it prefers to forage Philippine Pygmy Dendrocopos Picidae Common endemic; found in Woodpecker maculatus forest and mixed cultivation up to 2500m Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Common migrant; breeds in N America, Africa and Eurasia, winters in S America, India, SE Asia to Australia; forages from open country, wetlands to forested mountain. Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica Hirundinidae Common resident; India, SE Asia to Australia and SW Pacific

Bar-bellied Cuckoo- Coracina striata Campephagidae Common resident; Andamans, shrike SE Asia, Sumatra,Borneo and Phils.; flies over clearings and between canopy ridges of forest and second growth, up to around 2000m

Common Name Scientific Name Family Name Ecological Status/Distribution

Pied Triller Lalage nigra Campephagidae Common resident; Common throughout the Philippines; usually in lowlands up to 1400m but never in true forest Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus Campephagidae Uncommon migrant; breeds in S divaricatus Siberia, E China and Japan, winters in Taiwan, SE Asia; crowns of forest edge and second growth Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier Pycnonotidae Common resident; SE Asia; found in gardens, cultivated areas, scrub, early second growth, but never in virgin forest. Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes Pycnonotidae Common endemic; found in philippinus forest and forest edge up to 2000m Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis Oriolidae Common resident; India east to NE Asia, archipelagic SE Asia; common in forest edge, second growth, scrub, cultivated areas and gardens Large-billed Crow Corvus Corvidae Common resident; Iran to NE macrorhynchos Asia, China, Taiwan, SE Asia; frequents forest edge to open country, coconut plantations and edges of towns Elegant Tit Parus elegans Paridae Common endemic; found in all forest types at all elevations White-browed Shama Copsychus Turdidae Common endemic; difficult to see luzoniensis in forest undergrowth close to the ground, usually below 1000m in second growth and primary forest Golden-bellied Gerygone Sylviidae Locally common resident; Malay Flyeater sulphurea Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, Borneo and Phils.; found in trees in open country, residential areas, second growth and mangroves Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus Sylviidae Common migrant; NE Eurasia borealis and Alaska, winters in SE China, SE Asia; usually found in understory of forest, forest edge and second growth Tawny Grassbird Megalurus palustris Sylviidae Common resident; Lesser Sundas to New Guinea and Australia, Moluccas, Sulawesi and Philippines; found in grasslands, ricefields, marshy areas and open country at any altitude Grey-backed Orthotomus Sylviidae Common endemic; found in Tailorbird derbianus understory of forest, forest edge and second growth Grey-streaked Muscicapa Muscicapidae Common migrant; breeds in NE Flycatcher griseisticta Asia, migrates in China, Japan,

Common Name Scientific Name Family Name Ecological Status/Distribution

New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Borneo and Phils; found in tops of trees in forest, forest edge, second growth and open areas Mangrove Blue Cyornis rufigastra Muscicapidae Common resident; Malay Flycatcher Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi,Borneo and Phils; prefers understory of open scrubby country, disturbed forest, forest edge and second growth Blue-headed Fantail Rhipidura cyaniceps Muscicapidae Common endemic; found in the understory up to 15m from the ground in all forest types Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Muscicapidae Common resident; India to SE China, Taiwan, SE Asia; found in disturbed forest, forest edge, and second growth in all stories White-breasted Artamus Artamidae Common resident; Sumatra, Wood-Swallow leucorynchus Java, Lesser Sundas to New Guinea, Australia and SW Pacific; found in forest edge, clearings, open and cultivated areas up to 1800m Long-tailed Shrike Lanius Shach Laniidae Common resident; Iran to India, China, Taiwan, SE Asia to New Guinea; found in open country and scrub, in drier areas, at all elevations. Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae Common migrant; breeds in NE Asia, winters to India, SE China, SE Asia to New Guinea; found in all habitats Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis Nectrarinidae Common resident; SE Asia to New Guinea, Australia, and SW Pacific; found in second growth, coconut plantations, scrub, mangroves and gardens usually below 1000m Red-keeled Dicaeum australe Dicaeidae Common endemic; prefers Flowerpecker canopy of forest, forest edge, second growth, and shrubs in open country Lowland White-eye Zosterops meyeni Zosteropidae Common endemic; confined in lowlands in forest, forest edge, scrub, scrub, garden, and cultivated areas Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura Estrildidae Common resident; India and punctulata Nepal to SW China, Taiwan, SE Asia; found in ricefields, grasslands, and open country Philippine Serpent Spilornis holospilus Accipitridae Common resident; India to SE Eagle China,Taiwan, Ryukyus, SE Asia to Sumatra; soars above forest and forest edge

Plates 3-3 to 3-6 are some of the photos of birds taken from La Mesa Park.

Plate 3-3. Little heron Plate 3-4 Philippine serpent eagle

a b

Plate 3-5. White eared brown dove Plate 3-6. (a) White Collared king fisher; (b) Philippine pygmy Woodpecker

(photos by Orlee Ninon: http://www.pbase.com/liquidstone/image

3.2.2 Vegetation Along the Distribution Network

Metro Manila is a heavily built-up and densely populated urban metropolis. The network of primary, secondary and tertiary lines will be underlying the city roads and ROW within the concession area of MWSI. Typical of an urban environment, vegetation is concentrated in parks and some pocket gardens along highways and roads. Similarly, wildlife is found secluded in zoos or mini-wildlife sanctuaries inside city parks.

Vegetation along the pipeline network is composed of trees lined along major thoroughfares as part of urban landscaping (Plates 3-7). Along ROW of the primary lines that stretches in the Northern Business Center, vegetation ranged from bamboos, tree shades, patches of banana, shrubs and grasses. Plates 3-8 to 3-11 show the typical vegetation along the route of the pipeline network.

Plates

Plate 3-7. Acacia trees lined along the Coastal Road Express Way and the Daang Hari Road in the South Business Area are common urban landscaping plant species.

Plate 3-8. Vegetation along the ROW includes coconuts and bamboo.

Plate 3-9. Portions of the ROW in North Fairview, Quezon City are planted with bananas and cassava, others converted to backyard gardens.

Plate 3-10. Lush shrubs and small trees are found along portions of the ROW that is not yet inhabited by informal settlers (left photo), while some portions are cleared and erected with shanties (Right photo).

Plate 3-11. Vegetation at the South Business Area is very limited. Single shade trees are seen along the proposed route of the primary line in Muntinlupa.

3.2.3 Flora and Fauna in the Proposed Reservoir in New Bilibid Prison Compound, Muntinlupa The proposed location of the reservoir has a gently rolling terrain covered with talahib (Plates 3-12 and 3-13). The two-hectare property is bounded by a concrete road to the southwest and by the BCGS Magnetic Observatory of NAMRIA in the northeast. A creek is found about 150m southeast from the property boundary.

Plate 3-12.The proposed location has a gently rolling terrain. Vegetation is mostly talahib and patches of small shrubs.

Plate 3-13. The concrete road delineating the southeast boundary of the proposed property. Talahib are being planted in the vicinity of the proposed site and used as raw material for handicrafts.

A total of 15 avian fauna were recorded in the New Bilibid Prison area from the Birdwatch website (http\\:www.BirdWatch.ph). Most of them are common to fairly common and are typical of parang- grassland vegetation, which is the dominant vegetation in the area. Table 3-15 list the species of birds recorded in the area, their ecological status and distribution.

Table 3-15. List of bird species recorded in the vicinity of the New Bilibid Prison Common Name Scientific Name Family Ecological Status/Distribution Pied Triller Lalage thriller Campephagidae Common resident; Nicobars, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Borneo and Phils; found in gardens, open areas, mangroves and scrub, never in true forest

Common Name Scientific Name Family Ecological Status/Distribution Bright-capped Cisticola Cristocola exilis Sylviidae Common resident; India to S China, Taiwan, SE Asia (except Malay Peninsula), Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas to New Guinea and Australia and SW Pacific; common in drier upland grassy areas and fields, may also be found in ricefields Lowland White-eye Zosterops meyeni Zosteropidae Common endemic; confined to the lowlands in forest, forest edge, scrub, gardens and cultivated areas Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Common resident; India to S China, Taiwan, S through SE Asia; found in grassland and open country, almost never in forest and even forest edge Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica Muscicapidae Common resident; Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Phils; found in parks, residential areas, early second growth, bamboo thickets and mangroves. Yellow-Vented Bulbul Pcynonotus goiavier Pycnonotidae Common resident; SE Asia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Borneo and Phils.; found in gardens, cultivated areas, scrub, early second growth, but never in virgin forest Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae Common resident; Iran to India, China, Taiwan, SE Asia to New Guinea; in open country and scrub Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Ploceidae Common resident; Eurasia, China, Taiwan, Ryukyus, SE Asia, Sumatra and Java; found in

Common Name Scientific Name Family Ecological Status/Distribution association with human in cities, towns and cultivated areas Zebra Dove Geopelia striata Columbidae Common resident; SE Asia to Australia; seen on the ground, in open country, cultivated areas, and grounds Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos maculatus Picidae Common endemic; found in forest and mixed cultivation up to 2500m Striated Grassbird Megalus palustris Sylviidae Common resident; India to S China, SE Asia; found in grasslands, ricefields, marshy areas and open country at any altitude Black-crowned Night Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeidae Uncommon migrant; Heron worldwide, except for part of S America and from Moluccas through new Guinea to Australia and NZ; roosts in trees near water during the day and flies in variety of wetlands at twilight Pygmy Flowerpecker Dicaeum pygmaeum Dicaeidae Common endemic; found in forest and forest edge, and second growth, in fruiting and flowering trees Lemon-throated Leaf Phylloscopus cubuensis Sylviidae Common endemic; Warbler found in forest and forest edge from lowlands to 1800m Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis Turdidae Uncommon resident; Pakistan, India to S China, SE Asia; found in all levels of second growth forest, cultivated areas, scrub and bamboo thickets

3.3 Socio-cultural, Economic and Political Environment

3.3.1 Political/Institutional Set-Up The socio-economic and political environment consists of a complex mix of conditions typical of highly urbanized areas with various tiers of government. There are general-purpose authorities like the city and municipal governments. There are also more specialized bodies like the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), whose mandates are more limited in scope. The Project encompasses not only the majority of the western section of Metro Manila but also includes the northern parts of Cavite Province. The Project has to deal with 11 cities and their constituent barangays in Metro Manila, apart from the MMDA itself, and five towns and one city and their corresponding barangays in Cavite, not to mention the provincial government. On top of these are the subdivision owners and developers, homeowners’associations of gated neighborhoods and neighborhood associations of urban poor and other communities. There are also local organizations of claimants to lands whose ownership is being disputed. Findings gathered from the Consultant’s fieldwork point to the existence of professional squatting syndicates or such similar organizations that are claiming land, adjacent to or on which, the pipelines or facilities are envisioned to traverse or to be located, such as in the proposed Muntinlupa Reservoir. The web of administrative, political, local official and non-official institutions inevitably has implications on the political risks the Project has to manage and will have to reckon with.

3.3.2 Land Use Each local jurisdiction has its own land-use plan. Close to half (48%) of lands in the West Zone concession is utilized for residential purposes. Water supply services focus on the residential and industrial lands comprising 56% of total land area. Land-use data for the concession area are based on planning documents of the various localities.1 Land-use includes six categories and comprises the following:

Table 3-16. Land use Categories within the MWSI Concession Area Land Use Categories % Area Coverage 1. Residential 48 2. Commercial 8 3. Industrial 10 4. Institutional 5 5. Open Spaces 16 6. Others 13 Total 100

The above land-uses encompass approximately 63,839 ha. It is projected that the pace of expansion of residential lands will not be as significant as lands for commercial and industrial use. This scenario was considered in projecting for future water demand in MWSI’s service areas. A general observation of land-use plans, not only in Metro Manila but also elsewhere in the Philippines, is the absence of explicit provisions restricting any development on right-of-way (ROW) spaces other than what these are intended for. This observation is all the more true when it comes to enforcing rights of holders of ROW spaces. In the case of the Project, for example, it was discovered that ROW spaces of MWSS infrastructure, particularly pipelines, partake of the character of private property, since these (ROW spaces) are titled to MWSS. Continued occupation and encroachment over the years, in not a few instances in the last 20 years, by semi-permanent and permanent structures has raised the expectations of occupants to think that their intrusion and occupation have taken the character of

1 Mainly Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and Socio-Economic Profiles; these documents, however have various base years ranging from 1999 to 2004.

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3.3.3 Population/Informal Settlements Population in the concession area continues to grow at varying rates for each city/municipality expanding to the northern and southern fringes. Demographic data pertaining to 1995 – 2000 tend to confirm the view that growth in the traditionally dense localities of Manila, Makati, Pasay, Malabon and Muntinlupa appears to have peaked, while those (e.g., Paranaque and Valenzuela respectively in the south and the north, and the Cavite municipalities/city) at the edge remains positive, largely because of migration from within and outside the metropolis. In 20 years, population in the concession area is envisioned to expand to 9.5 million from a base of 7.8 million. The type of migrants will have implications on the milieu of potential consumers MWSI would have to deal with. Data from the Consultant’s fieldwork suggest that “informal settlements”, as in the case of the Tala area, are relatively new, some as recent as 20 or less years. Migrants from the provinces who through the years have raised families and invested on and built dwelling units of semi-permanent and permanent materials inhabit these settlements. Because the lands of these settlements are being claimed or contested, there is an apprehension to provide poor communities with more permanent infrastructure like water pipelines.

3.3.4 Socio-economic Milieu/Service Levels The socio-economic milieu of the service area features a range of income classes. Data from a survey conducted for the feasibility study of the Water Supply Services Recovery Project in 2004 covering the concession area indicate that those in the middle income category ranges from 29% to 55% of the local (city or town) population; low-income, 5% to 24%; and blighted, 0-10%. In combination, the low- income and blighted could easily constitute 6% to 33% depending on the municipality/city. Those in the high-income category comprise 14% to 57%. (Table 3-17). The data from the same study also suggest that areas that are generally low income and blighted tend to be the same ones where service levels are poor as exhibited by sections of Quezon City, Caloocan, Malabon and much of Manila.2 These poor levels of service are starkly manifested in such instances as short water rationing hours, long queues at public faucets, and, more pervasively, the high cost of purchasing water from truck deliveries as compared to subscribing to MWSI. In some gated communities, the pumping cost is added to the cost of water. The feasibility study, for example, cites that:

· One-half of the service area’s 8 million population receives unsatisfactory service · One-fourth of the 8 million are not connected to the MWSI system · An estimated 3 million inhabitants do not get 24-hour water service; and · Low pressures (less than 7psi, considered unacceptable) afflict about 3 million

That these poor service levels mostly occur in low income and blighted communities exacerbates the poverty that families have to contend with daily. A comparison of MWSI water rates with expenses on water purchased from vendors show the potential savings that could result if families are subscribed to the former. Such savings would allow families to divert money to other pressing needs and thereby improve their quality of life.

2 Feasibility Study: Water Supply Services Recovery Project (Development Support for MWSS Financial Rehabilitation)

Table 3-17. Income Categories of Served Population Municipality Income Category (%) Projected Served Population 2004 High Middle Low Blighted Total High Middle Low Blighted Total Manila 36 47 14 3 100 524,032 683,536 185,617 48,670 1,441,856 Quezon City 45 45 9 1 100 581,888 586,590 121,382 10,271 1,300,131 Makati 57 37 6 0 100 32,878 21,483 3,249 277 57,887 Pasay 37 52 10 1 100 137,786 193,586 33,878 4,331 369,581 Caloocan 24 55 17 4 100 181,533 413,348 129,583 28,897 753,360 Las Pinas 52 42 5 1 100 93,821 74,320 9,722 930 178,794 Malabon 15 55 24 6 100 54,057 195,437 83,560 20,115 353,169 Muntinglupa 32 49 14 5 100 56,206 87,034 24,421 8,295 175,956 Navotas 14 52 23 10 100 25,931 94,172 41,601 17,752 179,455 Paranaque 37 54 9 0 100 179,308 263,279 45,660 0 488,247 Valenzuela 26 55 17 2 100 94,805 201,324 66,847 5,665 368,640 Cavite City 52 29 14 4 100 52,670 29,633 14,431 3,747 100,482 Bacoor 28 55 16 1 100 28,755 55,323 15,394 1,513 100,985 Imus 52 29 15 4 100 11,522 6,483 3,157 820 21,982 Kawit 52 29 15 4 100 29,066 16,353 7,964 2,068 55,450 Noveleta 52 29 15 4 100 6,837 3,846 1,873 486 13,042 Rosario 52 29 15 4 100 12,354 6,951 3,385 879 23,569

Source: Feasibility Study: Water Supply Services Recovery Project,2006

4.0 Environmental Performance This section summarizes the performance of MWSI in terms of its environmental compliance as well as other corporate activities that promote social responsiveness.

4.1 Environmental Compliance 4.1.1 ECC/CNC Applications

The MWSI is committed to comply with all government regulations and requirements. A number of ECCs and CNCs were issued to MWSI for various projects namely NRW Reduction CAPEX Program Project, Pipe Replacement and Decommissioning Projects, Pipelaying, Pipe Rerouting and Interconnection Projects, among others (Table 4-1).

MWSI has religiously complied with the conditions of its ECCs and CNCs. It has not been issued by the DENR any warnings or notices of violations, nor received any public complaints on non- compliance to its ECCs/CNCs.

Table 4-1. Some of MWSI projects that were issued an ECC and CNC Title/Name of Project Type of Date Issued Status Clearance/ Certificate Pipe Replacement in Cavite City ECC 24 Jan 2001 Deferred APS-4 (Sacred Heart Pump Station) CNC 01 Feb 2001 No NTP used NRW Projects at Lower Caloocan ECC 22 Mar 2001 Deferred DS 5A and DS 5B ECC 22 Mar 2001 Completed Payatas Project CNC 08 Jan 2002 Completed NC-05 COP 005-01 CNC 24 Jan 2002 Completed Raising an existing Steel Pipe at Polo CNC 01 February Completed Bridge, Valenzuela 2002 Rehabilitation and upgrading of Dagat CNC 01 February Completed Pumping Station and Sewage 2002 Treatment Plant Cross Border Project ECC 09 April 2002 Completed Pipe Closure Project CNC 13 August 2002 Completed Business Area Boundary Points CNC 13 August 2002 Completed Valve Insertion Project CNC 08 Oct 2002 Completed Pipelaying in Mapayapa Village and CNC 22 Oct 2002 Completed Pipe Interconnection, Commonwealth Avenue Lower Caloocan Pipelaying Works CNC 19 Feb 2003 Completed Project Pipelaying and interconnection Project CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed along Santolan De Guzman and Brgy. Parada, Valenzuela Decommissioning of old and CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed unserviceable Pipeline Pipe Replacement and CNC 03 Mar 2003 Completed Decommissioning Project along Sauyo Rd. Bagbag QC

NRW Reduction CAPEX Program CNC 06 March 2003 Completed Lower Caloocan Pipelaying Works CNC 19 Mar 2003 Completed Pipe Interconnection Project along CNC 13 August 2003 Completed EDSA cor Roosevelt Ave. Various looping/interconnection Project CNC 02 October Completed in Lower Caloocan 2003 Water Supply Improvement and CNC 22 Oct 2003 Completed Expansion Project at Silverio and Buensuceso Homes

4.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Activities

MWSI conducts regular monitoring of water quality at the water supply sources, water treatment facility and at the distribution network. At the water supply sources, monitoring is conducted at the Angat Dam, Ipo Basin and Bicti. Samples are usually taken during the dry season (March and May) and rainy season (August –October), but more frequent sampling is conducted when water variability is high. In areas where groundwater is used, water sampling is also conducted. Sampling is done before chlorination is conducted.

Sampling at the water treatment facility is conducted daily at the raw water inlet and at the clean water outlet of each treatment plant. The data are assessed using the prescribed criteria for Class A water. The water complies with the said criteria as shown by the latest data (Annex 4-1).

Water at the distribution network is also monitored for its compliance to the PNSDW (Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water). There are 700 monitoring stations scattered all over the concession area, usually located at public places such as schools, health centers, hospitals, barangay halls and local government offices. The water samples are taken at the customer’s service line tapped to at least 100mm diameter line. Sampling is a monthly multi-sectoral activity enjoined by the Local Government Units/Department of Health, Representative of MWSS-RO and MWSI. The latest data indicate that the PNSDW are complied with.

The discharge points of the two water treatment plants are also monitored to comply with DAO 90-35 while the La Mesa Creek and the Tullahan river, which are the immediate water body receptors to the plant, are also surveyed for their compliance to DAO 90-34. Frequency of water sampling is weekly. For the period covered by the presented data, the analytical results showed exceedances to the Effluent Standards. These exceedances are pronounced in LP2 where elevated TSS and COD levels were consistently recorded. BOD and oil/grease levels also exceed standards in most of the monitoring periods. The oil/grease possibly were incorporated with the sludge during transport from the clarifiers to the sludge chamber. The concentration of coliform in the discharge of both plants are very low and do not exceed the maximum allowable limit. The samples from the La Mesa Creek registered levels that clearly reflected the quality of the discharge water from LP2. Using station LMC1 (La Mesa Creek, upstream of the LP2 discharge point) as a control, it was shown that the discharge significantly affected the TSS, COD and oil/grease levels in the creek. This scenario will be stopped only if the sludge generated from the plant operation is contained. Other than siltation in the creek due to high TSS in discharges from the plants, there are no other perceived significant effects to the surface water as the wastewater is expected to contain only sediments. With either full containment of the sludge and/or discharge of adequately treated overflows, the elevated levels are expected to be significantly decreased and meet the prescribed criteria.

4.2 MWSI Corporate Social Responsibility

The major corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of MWSI is extending water services to poor communities, which include the following:

4.2.1 The Bayan Tubig Program

The Bayan Tubig Program which was instituted in 1999 aimed at providing affordable potable water to low income and depressed communities. Residents in these areas used to get their water from communal faucets or from water vendors while paying excessively high rates. Some even resort to illegal tapping to the MWSI pipelines. Through this Bayan Tubig scheme, households were given a steady water supply at a strong pressure in their respective homes with their own water meters. The program was designed to be affordable and offers easy terms. Under the program, the usual requirements such as the presentation of property rights, land titles, and transfer certificates are waived. Customers can apply for a service connection by paying a minimum installation cost which was made even more affordable through installment at 6 to 12 months. Applications are processed on site through a Maynilad Water Representative. Aside from making water affordable, the Bayan Tubig program discourages illegal connections by making the users of Maynilad Water users as legitimate customers. Illegal connections result in water waste due to water leaks and can promote contamination due to seepage whenever water pressure is low.

As of July 2005, almost 800,000 people have benefited from the project (Plate 4-1).

Plate 4-1. The Bayan Tubig Program delivers safe and affordable water to blighted communities thru individual Water Service Connections.

Aside from providing water to these communities, enhancement programs spring from the Bayan Tubig project, which include: · Bayan microfinance to provide livelihood projects( i.e., Appliance repair shop, bakery shop, eatery etc.); · Kolekta para sa Bayan Tubig – delivery of bills and collection which provide 100% collection efficiency · Botica ng Bayan- provides affordable medical and health products

4.2.2 Bayan Tubig Bayanihan / “Patubig ni Gloria” Project

The Bayan Tubig Bayanihan/”Patubig ni Gloria” Project started in 1999. This program is a joint undertaking of MWSS, MMDA, PAGCOR, MWSI and MWC with the same objectives as Bayan Tubig. Initiated in late 2004, the project is envisioned to benefit 4,000 households in 300 communities. The project involves community equity in the form of labor with MWSI providing the pipes and equipment and construction supervision. Water bills of beneficiary households have been reduced while also addressing the problem of NRW.

The project provided individual household service connection for the delivery of safe and affordable water in urban poor communities, particularly the following:

· Malabon: Paradise Village Phases I and II in Tonsuya, Concepcion, Catmon, Daang Bakal, Melon, Chesa, Duhat and Sitio Rosal; · Novaliches: Tarhataville, Sauyo, Campo II, Pamana, Sitio Mabuhay, Mayana Compound and Bagong Tuklas; · Sampaloc: Quintina Extension; · Tondo: Samatima, Parola Compound, Happyland; · Quezon City: Veterans’Village, and Dona Juana Village

4.2.3 Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project

The Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project involves 11 barangays (Barangays 96 to 106) in Tondo benefitting approximately 6,500 households comprising 46,000 residents. The water delivery system in Tondo was improved. Old, leaky pipes, meters, valves, service connections and other facilities dating as far back as the early 1980s were replaced and upgraded. The project applied an innovative scheme: instead of digging deep trenches, pipes were laid and embedded in cement at almost ground level virtually making these part of the sidewalk or gutter. These temporary facilities (“tempfacil”) were quickly installed and did not hamper too much pedestrian or vehicular traffic. This project was eventually replicated to cover the entire Tondo and also other areas of the West Zone thereby providing clean, affordable and reliable water supply. The approach of the project was found to be responsive to areas with old waterwork system and in light with the limited capital expenditure budget of MWSI. The Tondo Foreshore F-1 Zone Pilot Project was initiated in December 2004.

The above programs will be replicated in other areas as continuing corporate social responsibility initiatives.

4.3 Best Safety Practices

Maynilad Water is committed to excellence and leadership in the protection of the environment and in the promotion of health and safety in the workplace. Its safety code is anchored on the following: · Recognition of safety as one of the highest corporate priorities; · Adoption of safety performance as an integral part of business management; · Incorporation of all safety consideration at the earliest stages of any project development; · Demonstration of responsible corporate citizenship by adhering to all safety regulations and laws and anticipation of charges thereof; and · Assurance that all its operations comply with established international guidelines and requirements on safety.

Their safety program includes the development of standards/protocols in the workplace, foremost consideration of project, site and traffic safety, strict imposition of penalties on violators and conduct of

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\4.0 Environmental Performance.doc Revision 0 October 2006 Page 4-4 D R A F T 31/10/2006 09:23 trainings and seminars for contractors. Plates 4-2 to 4-4 show Maynilad Water and its contractors during the conduct of their work and how they integrate safety in the performance of their duties.

Plate 4-2. Proper signages and wearing of PPE’s are observed during cutting/breaking and pipe laying works.

Plate 4-3. Traffic Management (left photo) and safety patrol team doing monitoring of ongoing works.

Plate 4-4. Use of appropriate gear in doing works under confined space works (reservoir and tunnels)

Plate 4-5. Trainings and seminars given to employees and subcontractors include Safety Orientation, Basic Occupational Safety & Health Training and proper use of PPE’s, among others.

To further encourage both employees and contractors to observe safety at all times Maynilad sponsors the MWSI GAWAD KALIGTASAN AT KALUSUGAN Award (Plate 4-6). The GKK Award is in recognition to outstanding achievements by Operating Units, Projects, or Individuals in promoting safety and health of workers and the workplace.

Plate 4-6. The MWSI Gawad Kalikasan at Kalusugan Award

4.4 EMS 14001 Certification

As an environmental performance initiative, Maynilad Water has newly accredited two of its facilities namely the Operations and Maintenance Department of Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa to ISO 9001 and the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Facility to ISO 9001 and 14001 (Plate

4-7). This series of international standards provides a framework for the development of an environmental management system and the supporting audit programme.

The Operations and Maintenance Department of the Water Treatment Plants was audited on 26 and 27 September 2006 while the Dagat-dagatan Sewage and Septage Treatment Plant was audited on 29 September 2006 by TUV Sud and received its ISO certification on 17 October 2006 for both facilities. With this certification is the commitment for continual improvement of the facilities’operation in accordance with the established Environmental Management System (EMS).

Plate 4-7. The ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certificates issued by TUV SUD to two of MWSI’ facilities

4.5 Awards Received

Maynilad Water has gone beyond the business of providing water services, by extending its corporate social responsibility into quality environmental performance, among others. The awards received by Maynilad Water include:

· Award for Public Responsibility: The “Asset from Waste”Project

The “Asset from Waste”Project which involve the conversion of septage and biosolids into cheaper alternative fertilizers met environmental safeguards and regulations requirements. The alternative fertilizer was applied in lahar areas in Pampanga and Tarlac. This earned the Lopez Achievement Award on 6 March 2006,

· The Lopez Achievement Award for Bayan Tubig Project

Awarded in February 2003, the project improved the quality of life of urban poor communities through provision of water. This project addressed corporate concerns such as expansion of service coverage, environmental protection, public health, safety and illegal connections.

· The President's Award for Environment, Safety and Health Management Assessment and Rating System (MARS) 2B.

This award highlights the commitment of Maynilad to preserve environmental programs which are aimed not only in maintaining its current compliance on all statutory requirements and industry standards on all ESH concerns but also in achieving continuous improvement on its overall corporate ESH performance. This award was given on 15 August 2003.

4.6 Performance Indicators

From the 4.3 M population served in 1997, Maynilad Water currently provides water services for 6M thereby increasing its coverage from 66% to 86%. Table 4-2 summarizes the service performance of Maynilad Water from 1997 to 2005.

Table 4-2. Performance Indicators SERVICE INDICATOR 1997 2005 Population Served (Millions) 4.3 6.0 Water Coverage 66% 86% Water Availability (hours) 18 Water Pressure (psi) 7 Number of water service 449,431 624, 299 connections Annual Average Water 1,900 2168 Production (MLD) Sewer Connection 14% (67,696 connections)

5.0 Description of Impacts and Mitigating Measures

5.1 Rehabilitation of the Water Treatment Plants in La Mesa

5.1.1 Pre-construction/Construction Phase Vegetation and Wildlife Impact The impact to the site’s biodiversity will be minimal because most of the plants within the lagoon area are common (ipil-ipil, acacia) and resilient (grasses). Vegetation is also sparse, thus, clearing will not result to significant reduction of carbon sink or carbon sequestration.

Wildlife species (soil-inhabiting and plant dependent) may also be temporarily disturbed. However, the wildlife species normally seek shelter in nearby vegetation.

Mitigation Vegetative clearing will be limited to the lagoons. Existing access roads will be used as much as possible. Vegetation buffer will be maintained around the work site for disturbed wildlife.

Water Quality and Sedimentation Impact Excavation/dredging of sludge may result to an increase in suspended sediments draining to La Mesa and further to Tullahan River.

Mitigation Drainage canals will be provided to facilitate proper runoff flow. Dredged soil will be compacted prior to transport to prevent dust escape.

Impact Used oils or fuel, as well as oils from washings of machinery and heavy equipment may be accidentally spilled in the soils and may be carried by run-off to La Mesa Creek, further increasing the background oil/grease levels in the creek.

Mitigation Used oil will be stored in properly labelled drums prior to the collection of a designated contractor for waste oil disposal. Temporary motorpools will also be bunded to contain accidental oil leaks.

Use of dredged sludge The sludge lagoons cover a cumulative area of 5 hectares with an average depth of 4 meters. The accumulated sludge is approximately 2,000 m3.

Impact Should the dredged sludge be applied to lahar areas (e.g. to increase the water-holding capacity of the soils [as recommended in the feasibility study]), there is a possibility that the alum in the sludge may pose a risk to the soils and water quality (groundwater and surface water).

Mitigation Any intention to use the dredged sludge in agricultural areas will be preceded by a feasibility study based on the results of sludge geochemical analyses to determine the compatibility and environmental safety of the option to the soils, plants and both groundwater and surface waters.

Impact Should the sludge be used as backfill material in quarries and/or land development projects or as admixture in cements or concrete, presence of significant amount of expanding clays in the sludge may cause differential settling when loaded. Stability of the foundation will be compromised as the differential settling may lead to structural collapse.

Mitigation A thorough examination of the physical and chemical properties of the sludge will be conducted to determine its appropriate usage. If expanding clay species are present in considerable amount, the sludge will not be used as foundation materials.

Air Quality and Noise Impact

Emissions from haul trucks, backhoes and bulldozers increase SO2 and NOx levels. The increased traffic caused by the haul trucks may also generate TSP during their travel to and from La Mesa. Noise generated by the activity of the equipment may disturb some wildlife and cause nuisance to visitors of La Mesa Ecopark.

Mitigation Sub-contractors will be required to undergo and pass the government emission tests prior to contract award.

Traffic management guidelines will be posted along transport routes and around work areas, particularly those near Ecopark active sites for ecotours. Guidelines will include control in vehicle speed and spraying of road routes and work sites as necessary to keep dust emissions to within acceptable levels. Vegetation in the area will also be maintained to serve as buffer for noise and for windblown particles.

Water Supply/Socioeconomics Impact The proposed improvement in the operation of the clarifiers and filters of LP1 will involve removal of existing components and installation of new ones. This activity will inevitably cause service interruption. The rehabilitation in LP2 is focused on the filter media and on the automation of controls and will likewise entails disruption of the operation as the new filter components are emplaced. Activating and testing of the newly installed system may also require additional non-operational time.

Mitigation If practical, rehabilitation of the clarifier and filter systems will not be conducted simultaneously to avoid total disruption of the water treatment process. Timely and proper information dissemination of the upcoming repair works will enable the affected communities to prepare for the water supply interruption. Planning for the timing of program implementation will also consider the social factors affecting water demand (i.e. school breaks, rush hour). Activities will be properly coordinated with the LGUs to prepare and provide for adequate logistical support to MWSI in the rationing of alternative water supply during long disruptions.

Occupational health and safety Impact Backhoes and bulldozers will be used to excavate the sludge face the risk of sinking and submergence in unstable portions of the lagoons. Since 1982, the lagoons had never been desilted. Incomplete information on the sludge lagoons’stability, sludge depth and composition may expose the workers and their heavy equipment to both physical and chemical risks.

Mitigation Prior to any excavation the stability of the lagoon as well as the composition and depth of the sludge will be assessed to determine the appropriate de-sludging and sludge disposal methods to be used. Corresponding safety measures will be put in place and personal protective equipment will be provided.

5.1.2 Operational Phase

Water Quality and Sedimentation Impact The operation of the newly de-sludged lagoons in LP1 and the new sludge lagoon for LP2 has a significantly positive impact in terms of water quality and sedimentation. The de-sludged lagoons will be instrumental in decreasing the suspended solids that are released to the la Mesa Creek and consequently lessen the contribution to siltation of Tullahan River.

Enhancement This positive impact will be sustained by installing a lagoon management system as well as sludge reduction system. One recommendation is the sequential filling up of the compartments to allow optimum drying of sludge. Other recommendations include: · providing a sludge drying bed where the clarifier sludge can be piped and dried · reduce sludge volume by reducing the supernatant through efficient water recovery during filter and clarifier cleaning · making separate provisions for the recovery of filter backwash and from the clarifier

Generation of Wastewater Impact The rehabilitation may increase water production from 2,400 MLD to 2,790 MLD. Assuming 80% of the water production would translate into wastewater, about 1,920 ML to 2,320ML wastewater may be generated everyday that need to treated.

Mitigation MWSI is committed to provide sewer system to its concession area. Currently, they have the Dagat- dagatan Septage and Sewerage Treatment Facilities that has a capacity of 2 x 250cum/day. Other sewerage systems are under their pipeline projects.

Socio-economics Impacts The increase in water production will provide a longer supply window.

Enhancement Conduct of IEC on household water management and conservation.

5.2 Rehabilitation of the Distribution System and Pumping Stations 5.2.1 Pre-construction Phase

Social Preparation Impacts The major pre-construction impact pertains to the apprehensions of local and official stakeholders about the inconvenience construction activities would cause the public (road users, residents and business establishments) when the pipelines are laid. Such a situation engenders a feeling of uncertainty about the future and could put plans and impending projects of local governments on hold as was expressed in the Official Stakeholders’Forum. Local businessmen especially those with street- level storefront establishments may be discouraged to make medium to long term plans and investments because fears of disruption of their business operations because of street diggings. While basically perceptual, fears and apprehensions could be expressed in very concrete behavioral attitudes such as opposition and even possible hostility to the project. The source of this hostility could likely stem from owners of structures who perceive that they might be displaced from the ROW spaces they occupy. These potentially hostile parties could include a broad spectrum of building owners, homeowners, urban poor residents, subdivision owners and developers, businessmen, and their political allies in local government and non-governmental organizations.

Mitigation MWSI will undertake an intensive, deliberate and stakeholder-focused and community-based information, education and communication (IEC) campaign to apprise affected parties of the features, risks and benefits of the Project. Such campaign will be carried out with local authorities and concerned organizations. A major consideration of the IEC campaign is to acquaint community residents of the nature and character of the Project that at least should help them make informed opinions and judgments. The IEC campaign will also lessen the “fear of the unknown”including the feeling of uncertainty that usually is the source of apprehensions, opposition and hostility.

In addition, appropriate clearances and permits will be secured prior to any diggings. In this way, proper authorities will be informed of the upcoming construction activities. They in turn will likewise notify their constituency for possible disruption of their everyday routines. The following permits (if applicable) will be secured prior to digging: · Excavation Permit from the DPWH · Traffic Clearance and Excavation Permit from MMDA · Excavation Permit from the Municipal Mayor’s Office

Clearing of Vegetation Impacts Clearing of vegetation or crops will be inevitable but is limited to the ROW only, since most of the pipes are underlying the city roads.

Mitigation The ROW was designed as such and clearing and diggings are expected to take place. The social preparation activities will tackle proper coordination with those who are tending the backyard gardens. Based on the rapid assessment of vegetation along the route of the primary pipelines, plants are composed of shrubs, small trees and some vegetable gardens. These are common species and are found anywhere in the country.

Solid Wastes Impacts Prior to digging activities, possible demolition of existing structures along the ROW will generate debris.

Mitigation Proper waste disposal and good housekeeping are provisions under the MWSI Environmental Management and Safety Code (EMS Code). All of the pipeline rehabilitation component of the project will be sub-contracted such that proper orientation to the Contractor’s employees will be a Standard Operating Procedure before any work is carried out. All the provisions in the EMS Code will form part of the subcontractor’s contract. Waste segregation and recycling will be done where scrap materials may either be re-used or sold as well.

5.2.2 Construction Phase During construction, activities will include drilling, clearing and excavations and replacing and laying out of new pipelines, upgrading of pump stations and other facilities.

Water Quality . Impacts Excavation works will induce erosion/siltation and may clog waterways. Clogging of waterways may result to flooding during rainy season. Excavation can also cause mud pools and localized water poundings and flooding.

Mitigation MWSI has a sound Construction and Safety Guidelines under their EMS Code. Maintenance and cleanliness in the workplace will be strictly observed. Construction materials whether excavated or not will be stored properly and prevented from causing to roll, flow or being washed away. Water from excavations will be discharged to the nearest gutters and canals. Drainage pipes and canals will be properly maintained and unclogged during the duration of the construction.

Provision of erosion control measures, when necessary will also be employed.

Oil and Degreasers Spillage Impacts Spillage or improper disposal of degreasers and cleaning solutions can impact waterways.

Mitigation A central storage/parking for all construction equipment and vehicle will be required from the subcontractor. This will be located in the most appropriate location in the project area, in such a way that it does not affect excavation work and traffic flows at the same time containing any spillage during maintenance work. A designated area for storage/containment of used and unused oils and degreasers will be allocated, preferably with proper flooring and ring canal, to prevent soil and waterway contamination. Used oils will also be dispensed in a controlled manner.

Construction Wastes/Excavated Soil Impacts

Diggings would generate excavated soil that can cause dust emission and during dry windy days or cause surrounding areas to be muddy during rainy days. This temporarily affects public health and safety, water quality of affected waterways and adversely changing the streetscape with unsightly views.

Mitigation Good housekeeping will be strictly observed. Excavation will also be done by phases. Before another section is excavated, the unearthed section will have been properly backfilled. Visual screens will be installed where appropriate to lessen the impact of construction activities on streetscapes. Water spraying will be done when necessary to keep dust emissions low. Excavated soil will also be re-used as backfill materials. As in the Pre-construction Phase, these measures will form part of the agreement between the contractors and MWSI.

Sewage Impacts Sewage from construction workers will increase.

Mitigation

Temporary toilets/portalets will be provided for construction workers.

Traffic Congestion Impacts Excavation and other construction activities may occupy portions of the road that may lead to temporary road closure and traffic congestion.

Mitigation Traffic permit and other related permits will be secured prior to any clearing/excavation works. A traffic Management Plan will also be prepared with the approval of the local government and other concerned agencies. The proposed traffic management plan will be in strict compliance with MMDA Ordinance No.2, Series of 1991 and its implementing rules and guidelines. The Presidential Task Force on Traffic Improvement and Management Resolution No. 99-01 – Guidelines for Road Works and Traffic Management in Metro Manila, the Guidelines on Public Safety and recommendation of the Police Authority will also be incorporated in the Plan. At the minimum, the following provisions will be incorporated in the Traffic Management Plan: · During excavation work along busy street, a traffic aide shall be manned to maintain the traffic flow; · Adequate barricades and warning signs shall be placed visibly to vehicles and pedestrians. Steel plates shall be placed on open trenches and these will be lighted at night. · Plan of re-routing (if necessary) should be approved by the local traffic management or barangay.. Rerouting of vehicle will be announced with adequate leadtime through print and broadcast media, and if available, thru cyber media for the public to be able to understand and learn the rerouting plan.

For busy highways, work will be done during non-rush hours or at night time. As guarantee that the above mitigation will be observed, these will form part of the agreement between subcontractors and MWSI.

Handling of Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes Impacts Pipelines made of AC are still being used and most of these AC pipelines need replacements as they are almost 50 years old. Excavation and disposal of these AC pipes pose health hazards.

Mitigation No new AC pipelines will be used in the project. The AC pipelines that will be possibly excavated will be properly disposed of. Provisions of the DAO 2000-02 which is the Chemical Control Order (CCO) for Asbestos will be strictly observed. The CCO is meant to control and regulate the use and disposal of asbestos into the environment. It provides for the handling requirements, renovation, removal as well as demolition requirements of asbestos/material containing asbestos. Any disposal will be properly coordinated with proper authorities.

Occupational Health and Safety Impacts There will be the risk of accidents to workers and pedestrians.

Mitigation The MWSI EMS Code embodies the safety measures in the workplace and strictly implements this Code to their employees as well as sub-contractors. Provision of personal protective equipment to workers which include ear mufflers, gloves and other safety apparels is an SOP. Fencing of the work area, as long as practicable will also be done while informative warning signs, including danger signs will be installed at strategic locations around the construction site.

Air Quality Impacts Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and noise levels will increase in the construction area. Results of the 2003 and 2004 real time monitoring for ail quality in Metro Manila being conducted by EMB-DENR already exceeds the NAAQS limits for TSP. Construction works may further heighten TSP concentrations, but this is temporary and within the construction areas only.

Mitigation Watering of TSP sources will be done as necessary to lessen spread of dust. Hauling and earthmoving equipment will be checked such that they are well maintained. Good housekeeping will also be emphasized to workers.

Noise Impacts Increased noise will be felt especially when gensets are used in the various construction activities.

Mitigation Genset will be provided with temporary housing or used during daytime only, particularly for construction works in residential areas. Gensets will be regularly maintained. If work during night time is unavoidable, proper coordination with affected residents/authorities will be done.

Odor Impacts

Digging of muck is expected to generate foul odor.

Mitigation In areas where activities generates odor, these will be covered or enclosed. Odor control system will also be used as practicable. Monitoring of odor will also be done while observing proper housekeeping. PPE’s will be provided to all workers as well. When necessary, wind bags may be installed in areas suspected to have trapped gases so that workers will be guided where to go (towards upwind) for fresh air.

Socioeconomics Impacts Disruption or inconvenience to pedestrians and vehicular traffic, community residents, and businesses with street-level and storefront establishment is anticipated during diggings and pipelaying.

Some infrastructure programs of national agencies and local governments, especially those along, or adjacent, the route of the pipeline may also be affected at least in terms of their timelines. The same would also be true of construction work of private establishments within the same vicinity.

Mitigation Inconvenience is temporary while long term benefit is foreseen. Proper coordination will ease up tension among immediate affected residents and businesses. Proper signages will also help.

Construction will be phased and breaks/passageways left along the construction route/ROW to allow people to do business even under a constrained environment. Continuous through limited access of people to and from commercial and residential establishments is foreseen to lessen the socio- economic impacts of the construction phase of the project.

Coordination with the LGUs will be undertaken to explore the possibility of opening parking areas along roads where some vehicle owners may be temporarily deprived of their parking areas in front of their business establishments or residential areas.

Impacts Displacement of informal settlers within the ROW is possible.

Mitigation In the unlikely event of relocation, a protocol, the “Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy”(LARRP), that conforms to World Bank and Philippine Government guidelines is in place. The LARRP sets out procedures and processes with respect to compensation and the physical transfer of project-affected persons and families. ROW spaces are titled to MWSS and are indicated as such by property markers. Compensation with respect to intrusions to MWSS-owned ROW spaces do not cover land.

Job Opportunity

Enhancement The labor requirement during construction will be limited to semi-skilled and skilled workers. Benefits can only be realized in cases where affected communities can supply such workers. Workers will be relatively mobile; no workers’encampment is envisioned along the routes of the proposed pipeline. If the majority of the workers are sourced within the impact areas, then approximately 50% of their earnings would be spent therein at least on food and other related items. Such expenditures could potentially translate into 4 times business turnover the original expenditures.

MWSI will require its contractors to show proof of effort that it has considered giving preference to local hiring where qualified laborers are available.

5.2.3 Operation Phase

There are no perceived environmental impacts during the operation phase of the project except for occasional diggings during maintenance works or repair works. Appropriate clearances will be secured again if needed and proper coordination will be undertaken with the concerned LGUs and affected residents and/or business establishments where work will be done.

Socioeconomics

Impacts The immediate impact will be clean, affordable and regular water supply. This impact will translate to higher service levels, particularly in terms of coverage, to households. There will be longer supply windows that eventually would graduate to 24-hour water supply. Water pressure will likewise be improved. NRW will be reduced thereby making water available to more households. Significant savings will be generated especially in low-income and blighted communities when these are subscribed to MWSI. These savings will be the direct result of lower water expenditures, conservatively estimated at 50% less than current levels, and in many instances more. Such savings could then be diverted to other pressing expenditures thereby improving the quality of life of the population served. There will also be fewer incidences of water-borne diseases. Women and children (especially those of school-age) will need less time and effort in fetching water. Children will have more time to play and study, which activities are important to childhood development including socialization.

Mitigation / Enhancement

A special schedule of water rates for low-income and blighted areas may be considered whereby households are charged flat rate tariffs. Such measure not only will improve revenue collection but also result to less effort in time and resources to catching comparatively small-time water theft. NRW stemming from petty theft would also be reduced. More resources then could be directed to apprehending big-time water-thieves. MWSI will extend its bahay Tubig and related programs to ensure affordable, reliable and adequate water supply to its clients. To optimize benefits, IEC campaigns will be undertaken on household water management including methods of storing water safely and sanitarily.

5.3 Water Reservoir in New Bilibid, Muntinlupa

The underground reservoir will have an estimated dimension of 75m x 75m x 6m. Thus surface are occupied will be 5, 625 m3 or half a hectare. The volume of spoils will be about 33, 750 m3.

5.3.1 Pre-construction Phase

Vegetation and Wildlife Impact Site preparation requires vegetation clearing and borehole drilling for geotechnical analyses. Considering that the vegetation in the area mainly consists of grasses and few bushes, impact is

Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan J:\51054406\01_Administration\007_Reports\EPRMP\Rev 0\WorldBank Copy\5.0 Description of Impacts and Mitigations.doc Revision 0 October 2006 Page 5-9 D R A F T 31/10/2006 09:24 minimal. The movement of workers and machinery will affect the wildlife species inhabiting the area. Most of the bird species observed are common to fairly common, and are deemed to be adaptable to disturbed areas.

Mitigation Disturbance of the vegetation and wildlife species is inevitable thus there is no recommended direct mitigation. Clearing activities will be limited only in the project site.

Water Quality and Solid Waste Impact At this stage, fuel and lubricants from the motorized drill rigs used for borehole drilling are potential source of oil/grease in the nearby stream. In streams, oil produces a film on the water surface that may inhibit oxygenation of the water. Workers will also generate solid wastes that may be transported to the affected creek.

Mitigation If practicable, the maintenance works for all machinery and equipment will be concentrated in one area. Drainage will be installed with ring canals. All petroleum and related products will be stored in bunded areas to contain possible oil leaks. Proper waste management will be strictly imposed.

Air Quality and Noise Impact Drill rigs utilize small gasoline and diesel engines that generate exhaust emission. The movement of the machinery also generate noise.

Mitigation All equipment will undergo proper maintenance measures to ensure that these are working effectively and will have minimal emissions.

Socio-economics Impacts Neighboring communities such as the subdivision near the proposed site will be curious as to what kind of development would be taking place at New Bilibid. It is possible that residents of surrounding communities might think that the proposed development would be a new correctional facility to accommodate more inmates. Such a perception may increase their fears and anxiety of having to reckon with the prospects of having more inmates near their neighborhoods. Any proposed development in the vicinity would also affect land prices unless such a development is clarified beforehand. Even if it is eventually known that the proposed site will accommodate a water reservoir, safety issues may be raised and, if not properly clarified, these may be blown out of proportions resulting to heightened levels of anxiety. The presence of organizations representing claimants to the land of, or the lands adjacent, the proposed water reservoir could mobilize their memberships and create an issue over ownership thereby posing an obstacle to the development of the site.

Mitigation A deliberate IEC campaign will be undertaken by MWSI among various stakeholders, including the surrounding communities, to explain the nature and character of the proposed development. Issues regarding ownership of the land as well as the use of the site as a water reservoir, including safety issues, will likewise be clarified.

Archaeology Impact There is the possibility, however remote, of finding archaeological, cultural and historic items in the excavation site.

Mitigation Prior coordination will be undertaken by MWSI with the National Museum or National Historical Institute for Archaeological Records. A protocol confirming to PD 374 will be prepared containing guidelines on how to handle archaeological, cultural and historic finds.

5.3.2 Construction Phase

Vegetation and Wildlife Impact This phase will involve excavation works and thus more workers are expected. The impacts will be the same as those in the pre-construction phase. However, the arrival of more workers and other heavy machinery will trample other plants in the nearby areas. Vegetation in the nearby areas consist of grasses and patches of ipil-ipil trees. The increased activities in the project site will inevitably widen the affected area including wildlife species. Though the impacts are inevitable, these are limited to the project site and are temporary.

Mitigation The impacts will be minimized by concentrating the activities in the project area. Though the impacts to the vegetation and wildlife are inevitable, these are limited to the project site and are temporary. Vegetation in the nearby areas also consists of grasses and patches of ipil-ipil trees.

Water Quality and Sedimentation Impacts Based on the planned dimension of the reservoir, approximately 33,750 m3 of soil material will be dug out. The major impact would be the increased TSS levels in the creek resulting from erosion of the exposed slopes by runoff waters. Diesel and gasoline powered machinery become potential source of oil/grease that may be transported by runoff to the creek. The increase in the number of workers will also result to an increase of domestic wastes generated.

These impacts are however, temporary and are concentrated in the project site.

Mitigation If practicable, the excavated materials will be disposed of immediately but in an acceptable manner. If some soil materials will have to be temporarily stored in the site, these will be stored in an area with proper drainage system. The soils will be compacted, with the topsoil being reserved as much as possible for talahib growing.

Best practices will be employed in the maintenance of all diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment to minimize loss of containment of oil or lubricants. To minimize domestic wastes from flowing into the creek, the workers will be required to observe responsible and good housekeeping practices.

Hydrogeology The excavation will not affect groundwater in this area as a study (Clemente et al., 2001) revealed that at present, the water table depth in Las Pinas, Paranaque and Muntinlupa is from 70 m to 80 m below sea level. The minimum elevation of the proposed project site is 60 masl.

Air Quality and Noise Impacts Exhaust from motorized equipment (including haul trucks if the excavated materials are to be hauled out) will increase SO2 and NOx levels. The barren slopes may also increase TSP levels.

Noise will be generated from the heavy equipment used during excavation, hauling, and foundation/pile installation. Considerable noise will also come from the generator in case one will be used at the site. For reference, the corresponding noise levels produced by common construction equipment are presented in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. Attenuated Sound Pressure Levels Noise Level, dB(A) Equipment 30 m 60m 120m 240m Air Compressor 69 - 81 63 - 75 57 - 69 51 – 63 Backhoe 65 - 87 59 - 81 53 - 75 47 – 69 Compactor 66 60 54 48 Concrete Mixer 69 - 82 63 - 76 57 - 70 51 – 64 Concrete Pump 76 70 64 58 Crane 70 - 80 64 - 74 58 - 68 52 – 62 Front Loader 66 - 75 60 - 69 54 - 63 48 – 57 Generator 66 - 76 60 - 70 54 - 64 48 – 58 Grader 74 - 87 68 - 81 62 - 75 56 – 69 Jack Hammer 75 - 91 69 - 85 63 - 79 57 – 73 Paver 81 - 82 75 – 76 69 - 70 63 – 64 Pile Driver 89 - 99 83 – 93 77 - 87 71 – 81 Pump 64 - 84 56 – 78 50 - 72 44 – 66 Tractor, Bulldozer 72 - 89 66 – 83 60 - 77 54 – 71 Truck 77 - 87 71 – 81 65 - 75 59 – 69 Vibrator 62 - 75 56 – 69 50 - 63 44 – 57

Mitigation Similar with the mitigating measures mentioned during the pre-construction phase, air pollutants from emissions will be minimized by regular maintenance of the equipment. Barren slopes will be sprinkled with water to minimize wind erosion.

The project site is approximately 300 m away from the nearest existing residential area. The contractor will be advised to follow work schedules that will have a minimum impact to the nearby residential areas (i.e., minimize noise during night time).

Geology and Geotechnical Aspects Impacts The movement of heavy equipment may include bearing failure in geologically weak areas. This will however be during the construction phase only.

Mitigation The area will be thoroughly surveyed to designate the suitable route for the trucks and other vehicles.

Occupational Health and Safety Impacts The construction workers are constantly exposed to work-related risks if safety practices are not implemented. Being located in a penal facility, the risk of encounters with escaping prisoners may put the workers into unpleasant situations. This is based on the information that escaping prisoners usually seek refuge in the area since the grasses provide good cover.

Mitigation The contractors must abide by the best practices incorporated in the Environmental Management and Safety Code of MWSI. For security, the workers will be advised to minimize leaving the construction site premises without prior clearance from the security personnel of the project.

Socioeconomics Impacts Construction activities will also inevitably affect daily activities of nearby residents, particularly those near the construction sites. The traffic of vehicles and heavy equipment will generate fugitive dust and noise pollution thereby affecting their comfort and convenience.

The livelihood source of some prisoners that is talahib growing, harvesting and drying for making of bags and other products, may be affected by construction works if their planting sites will be excavated or lie along the route of heavy equipment movements.

Informal settlements may develop, if only temporary, leading to, and in areas adjacent the, project site may develop. Professional squatting syndicates may also encourage their members to settle within or near the proposed site of the water reservoir.

Job openings for local laborers may be available during construction. There will be opportunities to offer services, e.g., food and other consumables that cater to the needs of construction workers.

Mitigation The proposed site for the water reservoir must carry the appropriate zoning category and restrictive activities and development within and adjacent the site during construction and the operational phases stipulated.

MWSI will ask its contractors to exert best efforts to hire local labor when qualified ones are available.

Replacement site for talahib growing will be coordinated with the residents to ensure there is no long term-adverse effect to the people’s livelihood.

Archaeology Impact Construction works may unearth archeological finds.

Mitigation MWSI will implement protocols on chance finds as provided for in PD 374. Prior coordination with the National Museum will be undertaken before further civil works are undertaken.

5.3.3 Operation Phase

Water Quality and Solid Wastes Impact The workers that will maintain the reservoir are potential waste generators.

Mitigation The maintenance office will be provided with basic household facilities especially lavatories and comfort rooms for the workers. Proper solid waste management will also be implemented.

Socioeconomic Impact The operation of the water reservoir will increase the capacity for water to be stored and eventually delivered to existing and new households in the service area. Such a development will increase service levels and reduce the cost of purchasing water from vendors. New house connections could likewise be undertaken. Health benefits from clean, regular and affordable water will also be realized.

Mitigation / Enhancement Zoning regulations governing the area within and adjacent the water reservoir should be enacted and enforced to preserve the integrity and safety of the site. These zoning regulations should stipulate allowable and restrictive activities within the site and its surroundings.

6.0 Environmental Management Program

6.1 Introduction

MWSI is committed to be the top water utility firm providing uninterrupted supply of clean water to all its service area. The following is MWSI’policy statement:

Quality, Environment, Safety and Health Policy

Maynilad Water Services, Inc (MWSI), the country’s top water utility firm, is committed to service excellence, environmental protection and to personnel safety and health in the workplace.

We shall continually improve the quality, reliability, cost effectiveness and environmental suitability of our operations and services by implementing an integrated quality, environment, safety and health management system compliant with international standards. In pursuing our business objective, we shall:

· Comply with laws, regulations and standards applicable to our operations and services and other requirements we subscribe to; and the needs of our management systems; · Provide reliable and high quality water treatment and distribution, sewerage and sanitation services at a fair price to meet the needs and expectations of our customers; · Minimize and manage the adverse impacts of our operations on the environment by optimizing the use of our resources, reducing the generation of waste, and controlling the emission of pollutants to air, water and land; · Enhance the personal and professional well being of our employees by providing appropriate training and support, thereby maintaining a competent workforce that is quality, environmental, health and safety conscious; · Protect the health and safety of our employees, contractors, visitors and neighboring communities by designing and executing systematic programs that will prevent work related injuries, illnesses and emergencies; · Crate a culture that will encourage all our employees, contractors, suppliers and stakeholders to conduct their activities in a responsible manner; and · Review regularly our integrated management system to ensure its continuing suitability.

6.2 Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan The identified impacts and the corresponding mitigations are summarized in Table 6-1. Enhancement strategies are also included for those positive impacts that will be generated by the project.

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Table 6-1. Impact Mitigation and Enhancement Plan Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative

Component 1: Upgrade of the La Mesa Treatment Facilities Preconstruction Vegetation and Clearing of Clearing activities will be Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code Phase Wildlife vegetation will affect confined in the project budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement the site’s site; Vegetation is sparse, compliance biodiversity. thus clearing will not ECC conditionality result to significant loss of Soil-inhabiting on acquisition of biodiversity or reduction organisms/plant other government of carbon dependent may also permits prior to sink/sequestration. be temporarily construction and disturbed. Movement operation of the workers and Maintenance of equipment will vegetation buffer around disturb wildlife the site species in the affected areas (-) Construction Water/Soil Excavations expose Provision of drainage Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code Phase Quality and soils to erosion canals to facilitate proper budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC Sedimentation resulting to runoff flow. compliance conditionality on increased TSS Soil compaction prior to water quality levels in La Mesa disposal. compliance Creek and Tullahan River (-) Maintenance of the All equipment Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code equipment may maintenance works will budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC produce oil/grease be concentrated in a compliance conditionality on that can be washed perimeter bunded area to water quality off into the nearby contain oil/grease compliance creek (-) Ring canals with oil traps,

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative drums for used oil to be placed near traps Alum in the sludge Analyses of the physical Part of the disposal MWSI and Waste Disposal of may affect the and chemical properties agreement for dredged potential partner Sale Agreement soil/water quality in of the sludge to sludge in disposal of the disposal site (-) determine if treatment is sludge required prior to disposal Expanding clays in Analyses of the physical Part of the disposal MWSI and Waste Disposal of the sludge may and chemical properties agreement for dredged potential partner Sale Agreement cause differential of the sludge to sludge in disposal of loading when sludge determine the suitable sludge is used as backfill usages material or cement/concrete admixture (-)

Air Quality Increased SO2 and Regular maintenance on Part of sub-contractor’s MWSI/Sub- MWSI EMS Code NOx emission from equipment to ensure that budget contractor requirement diesel/gasoline –run these are working equipment (-) efficiently ECC conditionality on air quality Increased SO2 and Subcontractors should compliance NOx emission due to pass government heavy vehicle emission test prior to movement (-) award of contract Noise Operation of the Provision mufflers for Part of sub-contractor’s MWSI/Sub- MWSI EMS code heavy equipment vehicles; budget contractor requirement generates noise (-) Housing of genset if necessary; ECC conditionality Maintenance of on compliance to vegetation buffer around ambient noise sites. standards

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative Occupational Heavy equipment Prior to any excavation, health and used to excavate the the stability, composition safety sludge may sink or and depth of the sludge submerge in will be assessed to unstable portions of determine appropriate de- the lagoon, thus may sludging technique. expose both workers and equipment to physical and chemical risks Socio- Rehabilitation of Phasing of rehabilitation Part of MWSI operating MWSI Proof of LGU Economics treatment plants may works cost coordination; cause interruption of water supply Timely and proper IEC to ECC conditionality affected communities on IEC

Coordination with LGUs on possible rationing of water supply Operational Water Quality Improvement of Proper maintenance of Part of MWSI operating MWSI ECC conditionality Phase water quality (TSS the ash lagoons by cost on water quality levels) in the La reducing the volume of compliance Mesa Creek (+) sludge generated and sequential filling of the lagoons for easier sludge management Wastewater Increased water MWSI is committed to Part of MWSI MWSI Concession production will provide sewer system to development cost Agreement increase water its concession area. usage, thus will Sewerage systems are generate more under their pipeline

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative wastewater projects. Socio- Increase in water IEC on household water Part of MWSI operating MWSI Note: Impact is the economics production, Longer management & cost desired outcome of supply windows (+) conservation the project

Component 2: Rehabilitation of the Distribution Network Preconstruction Vegetation Clearing of Social preparation Part of the social MWSI ECC conditionality vegetation (-) activities will include preparation IEC/ budget on IEC proper coordination to those who have interests (i.e.,backyard gardens) along the ROW

Clearing limited to areas within ROW Solid Wastes Generation of solid Proper waste disposal Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS code wastes during site recycling/reuse and good subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor requirement clearing (-) housekeeping budget/scope of work compliance Agreement between the subcontractor and MWSI, ECC conditionality on waste disposal compliance Socio- “Fear of the IEC Part of the social MWSI ECC conditionality economics unknown”/ preparation IEC/budget on IEC Uncertainty (-) Acquisition of clearance/permits Construction Water Quality Erosion/siltation from MWSI will implement the Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative Phase excavation works (-) provision on Construction subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the and Safety Guidelines in budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and their EMS Code. Use of MWSI, ECC sediment fencing to conditionality on control erosion will be water quality done. Maintenance and compliance cleanliness in the workplace will also be enforced. This will form part of the subcontractor’s contract Spillage of oil and A central storage/parking Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement degreasers (-) for all construction subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the equipment and vehicle budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and will be determined, to MWSI, ECC contain any spillage conditionality on during maintenance water quality works. compliance and management of hazardous waste A designated area for containment of used oils/degreasers will be allocated with proper flooring and ring canals

Used oils will be dispensed in a controlled manner. Solid Wastes Generation of Excavation will be done Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement construction by phase such that before subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the wastes/excavated any section is excavated budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and soil (-) the unearthed sections MWSI, ECC

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative have been properly conditionality on backfilled. The solid waste excavated soil may also management be used as backfill materials. Sewage Generation of Temporary Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement sewage from toilets/portalets will be subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the construction workers provided budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and (-) MWSI, ECC conditionality on acquisition of LGU permits prior to projected implementation Traffic Traffic congestion (-) Permits related to Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement excavation will be subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the secured prior to any budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and diggings so proper MWSI, ECC coordination will be made conditionality on with proper authorities. A proper clearances traffic management plan with other entities will also be prepared such as LGU on its which includes IEC and jurisdiction over signages on rerouting traffic management plan Occupational Risk of accident to MWSI EMS Code Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code Health and workers and embodies their safety subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor requirement; Safety pedestrians (-) measures in the budget/scope of work compliance Agreement workplace and strictly between the implements this to their subcontactor and employees as well as MWSI, ECC subcontractors. Use of conditionality PPEs as well as

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative informative warning signs is an SOP. Handling of asbestos No AC pipelines will be Included in the Subcontractor; ECC conditionality cement (AC) pipes installed for this project. subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor on hazardous pose health hazards The AC pipelines that will budget/scope of work compliance waste management (-) be replaced will be properly disposed of. Agreement Provisions of the DAO between the 2000-02 (Chemical Order subcontactor and for Asbestos) will be MWSI, ECC strictly observed. Conditionality Disposal will be coordinated with proper authorities. Air Quality/ Increased TSP and Watering of TSP sources Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement Noise noise levels in the will be done as necessary subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the construction area (-) to lessen spread of dust. budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and Hauling and earthmoving MWSI, ECC equipment will be conditionality on regularly checked for compliance to air maintenance. As far as quality standards practicable, noise and ambient noise generating activities will standards be scheduled during daytime, if work during nigh time is unavoidable, proper coordination to affected residents/authorities will be carried out.

Genset housing may be

Regular maintenance of genset for muffler efficiency Generation of foul In areas where digging Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement odor (-) generates foul odor, odor subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the control system will be budget/scope of work compliance subcontactor and used as practicable. MWSI, ECC PPE’s will be provided to conditionality on workers. odor control (under Installation of windbags Pollution Control may be necessary in Act) areas suspected to have trapped gasses. The bags will aide workers to go upwind of the gas sources Socio- Disruption to daily Advisory to residents/ Part of sub-contractors’ Subcontractor; Agreement economics routine of residents businesses of digging budget MWSI to monitor between the and business schedules will be made. compliance subcontactor and establishments Access/paths to houses MWSI, (-) or businesses will also be provided Unsightly views; Install visual screens Part of sub-contractors’ Subcontractor; Agreement streetscape budget MWSI to monitor between the temporarily marred compliance subcontactor and (-) MWSI

Disruption to Advisory to LGUs of Part of IEC budget MWSI ECC

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative schedule of digging schedules will be conditionality on LGU projects (-) made IEC Possible In the unlikely event of Part of Compensation MWSI ECC displacement of relocation, a protocol is in Plan for Potentially- conditionality on informal settlers place that sets out affected Persons Social (-) procedures and Development/Equity processes with respect to compensation and the physical transfer of affected persons and families Local job Best effort policy to local Part of sub-contractors’ Sub-contractor Agreement (construction) hiring. (Subcontractor to budget between the opportunities show proof of effort to subcontractor and consider qualified local MWSI; May be part (+) hires before hiring of ECC outsiders) conditionality for Social Development Archaeology Discovery of Implement protocol (PD Part of MWSI budget MWSI ECC archaeological finds/ 374) Sub-contractor conditionality; historical sites/ PD 374 markers (neutral) Operational Socio- Clean, affordable, Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession Phase economics regular water supply condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement (+) rate for low-income communities Longer supply Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession windows condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement (+) rate for low-income communities Less NRW (+) Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement rate for low-income communities Water pressure will Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession be improved (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement rate for low-income communities; extension of Bahay Tubid program to low-income and illegal users Significant savings in Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession water expenses (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget Agreement rate for low-income communities

IEC on household water management & conservation Less incidence of Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of regular water-borne condition of pipelines, budget MWSS operations of diseases (+) particularly maintenance agencies DOH of 7 psi pressure to concerned ensure no contamination from outside sources

IEC conditionality Part of agency budget IEC on sanitation on IEC Savings in time and IEC on household water Part of agency MWSI Part of regular effort for women, management IEC budget MWSS operations of youth, senior citizens agencies and other household concerned; ECC Sustenance of regularity members in fetching conditionality on

Component 3: Construction of a New Reservoir in Bilibid Prison Pre- Vegetation and Clearing of Activities will be confined Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code construction Wildlife vegetation will affect in the project site. budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement Phase resident wildlife compliance species (-)

Water Quality Drill rig operations Provision of bund canals Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code generate used oil with oil traps for collection budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC and grease of used oils compliance conditionality on water quality compliance Provision of containment drums near traps Rig workers will Proper solid waste Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code generate solid waste receptacles shall be budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC which can affect provided and disposal compliance conditionality on waterways areas shall be allocated water quality within the work sites compliance

Air Quality and Drill rig engines Proper maintenance of Part of sub-contractor’s Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code Noise generate exhaust engines budget/scope of work MWSI to monitor requirement; ECC emission and noise compliance conditionality on air quality and noise Possible housing of

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative engines standards compliance Socio- “Fear of the IEC on project Part of MWSI MWSI ECC conditionality economics unknown”/ IEC budget on IEC and permit Uncertainty (-) acquisition prior to Acquisition of permits to project assure public of legality implementation and coordination with proper authorities Mobilization of IEC; particularly issues Part of MWSI/MWSS MWSI /MWSS Agreement claimants’ on land ownership and budgets between MWSI and organization/squatter lease agreement MWSS syndicates (-) Archaeology Possibility of Prior coordination with Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement occurrence of the National Museum of subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the archaeological items National Historical budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and in the exaction site Institute for MWSI, ECC archaeological records conditionality of clearances prior to project implementation Construction Water Quality Maintenance of Maintenance works will Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement Phase motorized drill rig be conducted in subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the may generate perimeter-bunded areas budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and oil/grease that can to contain possible oil MWSI, ECC be washed out to the leaks conditionality on nearby creek water quality (-) compliance Excavation of 33,720 Proper hauling, storage Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement m3 of soil can result and compaction of subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the to elevated TSS in excavated soils in the budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and the nearby creek (-) designated area in the MWSI, ECC

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative work site conditionality on water quality compliance Geology and Movement of heavy Survey will be conducted Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement Geotechnical equipment may to determine suitable subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the Aspects include bearing route for trucks and other budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and failure in geologically vehicles. MWSI, ECC weak areas (-) Conditionality Air Quality and Exhaust emissions Regular maintenance Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement Noise from diesel/gasoline check to ensure that the subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the operated engines engines are efficiently budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and during construction working MWSI, ECC works (-) Conditionality Increased TSP (-) Dust-producing haul Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement roads and slopes will be subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the sprinkled with water if budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and practicable. MWSI, ECC conditionality on air quality on air compliance Noise will be Site equipment will be Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement generated by the provided with mufflers if subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the various construction necessary. budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and equipment (-) Activities will be MWSI, ECC conducted during daytime conditionality on hours only compliance to ambient noise standards Wildlife Movement of more As much as practicable, Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement workers and activities will be confined subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the equipment will affect in the project site budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and more wildlife species MWSI, ECC

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative inhabiting the area conditionality on (-) protection of wildlife species Solid Wastes Solid wastes and Strict observance of good Included in the Subcontractor; Agreement and Wastewater wastewater will be and responsible subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor between the generated by the housekeeping practices budget/scope of work compliance subcontractor and workers (-) MWSI, ECC conditionality on solid waste management Occupational Workers are Workers will be advised Included in the Subcontractor; MWSI EMS Code Health and exposed to security to limit their activities subcontractor’s MWSI to monitor requirement Safety risks (-) within the project budget/scope of work compliance parameter Socioeconomics Local job Best effort at local hiring Part of subcontractors’ Subcontractor Agreement opportunities (+) (Subcontractor to show budget between the proof of effort to consider subcontractor and qualified local hires MWSI; May be part before hiring outsiders of ECC conditionality for Social Development Landscape Install visual screen Part of subcontractors’ Sub-ontractor MWSI EMS Code temporarily marred cost requirement Non-conforming land Zoning Part of budgets of LGU ECC Conditionality use - agencies concerned MWSS MOA between MWSI LGU, MWSS, MWSI, New Bilibid Administration Archaeology Discovery of Implement protocol (PD Part of MWSI budget MWSI ECC archaeological finds 374) Sub-contractor onditionality / historical sites / Follow

Project Phase Parameter Impact Description Mitigation/Enhancement Mitigation/Enhancement Institution/Entity Guarantees (+) Positive Strategies Cost (PhP) Responsible (-) Negative markers protocol/regulatory requirements Operational Water Quality Workers maintaining Provision of basic Part of MWSI operation MWSI MWSI EMS code Phase the reservoir will facilities in offices; budget requirement; ECC generate solid practice of good conditionality on wastes and housekeeping measures solid waste wastewater (-) management Socioeconomics Clean, affordable, Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession regular water supply condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement (+) rate for low-income communities Longer supply Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession windows condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement (+) rate for low-income communities Less NRW (+) Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement rate for low-income communities Water pressure to be Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI Part of concession improved (+) condition of pipelines; flat budget agreement rate for low-income communities Public Health Less incidence of Regular monitoring of Part of MWSI operation MWSI, MWSS, Part of regular water-borne condition of pipelines budget DOH operations of diseases agencies concerned IEC on sanitation Part of agency budget

6.3 Social Development Plan The projects’ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Program presented in the Chapter on Environmental Performance consitutes the project’s Social Development Plan. The CSR/SDP Program is implemented on a continuing/’roll over”basis.

6.4 Emergency Response Plan The EMS Code contains the Emergency Response Plan of MWSI (Annex 6.1-CD Format)

6.5 Institutional Plan

The MWSI corporate office led by the Project Management Group (PMG) will oversee the implementation of the rehabilitation project. During operation, the distribution network, pumping stations and the reservoirs will be maintained by the Business Centers based on area of jurisdiction. The La Mesa Water Treatment Facilities will be operated by the Production group but will still report to MWSI’corporate office. Annex 6.2 shows the organizational chart of the company.

MWSI is committed to exercise more than compliance to environmental and safety requirements in the conduct of its operational activities. It has currently developed the following operational procedures in meeting its vision as the top utility firm in providing water services: · Environmental Management and Safety Code · Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives · Complaints Management – Easy and user friendly medium through SMS Messaging and Hotline MWSI/MWSS and its sub-contractors will coordinate with relevant agencies in procuring the necessary permits to implement the project at various stages ( i.e., pre-construction, construction, operation). These agencies include LGU’s, the DOH-Center of Health Development, MMDA, LLDA., etc. Information relevant to the agencies’ concern will likewise be shared. MWSI will monitor its subcontractors for the latter’s compliance to secure the necessary permits to carry out their work (e.g., excavation) and to observe and comply with relevant protocols.

6.6 Information, Education and Communication Plan

MWSI will undertake an IEC campaign in all phases of the project. At the pre-construction phase, the focus of IEC will be on clarifying the issues and describing the nature, features and character of the project. The intention here is for stakeholders to be able to make an informed decision and opinion about the project and, more importantly, to allay any “fear of the unknown”and uncertainty that may arise from misinformation or, even disinformation.

At the construction stage, the focus of the IEC is to advise residents and businesses as well as other stakeholders like LGUs of the schedule of the diggings and other related activities. Project-affected parties will also received advice on how to cope with construction activities, particularly on the rerouting of traffic as well as availability of access pathways to residential and business establishments to ensure that commerce continues in the affected areas, though in limited and constrainment.

During the operation stage, the IEC program’s thrust will be on advising people and business establishments on how to enhance the benefits that will result with improved service levels. Seminars and other media collaterals on, for example, household water management and safe methods of water storage will be undertaken.

All IEC campaigns will be stakeholder-focused and community-based. The IEC budget for all project components has been initially estimated to amount to about PhP 1 million pesos.

6.7 Abandonment Plan

Water service is a basic human need such that regular maintenance of the distribution network and all the support facilities will be carried out. All equipment reaching their lifespan will be replaced and disposed of properly. In the unlikely event of abandonment, an Abandonment Plan will be prepared a year before implementation of the Plan, subject to consultation and coordination with affected stakeholders.

6.8 Environmental Monitoring Plan

MWSI will continue to undertaken environmental monitoring in coordination with the appropriate government institutions, together with the stakeholders. Table 6-2 shows the recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan.

MWSI opts for a professional third party environmental audit in lieu of the formation of the Multi- sectoral Monitoring Team (MMT). The environmental audit will be done every year, as prescribed by ISO 14001 to which MWSI has been certified against this October.

Table 6-2. Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan Parameters Project Phase Location Frequency Estimated Cost Guarantees Water Quality at the All project phases La Mesa Creek - Monthly Php 50,000.00 per Compliance to DAO 90- sludge lagoon outlets upstream and month 34 and DAO 90-35 and La Mesa Creek downstream of the (particularly TSS, discharge points of the oil/grease and other two Water Treatment relevant parameters Facilities; Discharge prescribed by DAO 90- Points 34 and 35) Water Quality at the All project phases 700 sampling station Monthly Compliance to PNSDW distribution networks strategically scattered (for parameters around the concession prescribed by the area PNSDW) Compliance to the Construction Stage – All major thoroughfares Weekly Included in the project Agreement with Traffic Management Rehabilitation of the affected cost concerned LGU or Plan Distribution Lines resolution by concerned LGU

7.0 References

Books and References Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 1990. DENR Administrative Order, No. 34. Series of 1990.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 1990. DENR Administrative Order, No. 35. Series of 1990.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2003. DAO 2003-30.

DENR. Procedural Manual for DENR DAO 2003 -30. Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEIS) Implementation Guidelines and Procedures

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2000. Surface Geology of Metro Manila and Adjacent Areas. Internal Report

Kennedy, R.S, Gonzalez, P.C, Dickinson, E.C, Miranda, Jr., H.C, Fisher, T. 2000. A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines. Oxford University Press

Maynilad Water Services, Inc. 2000. IEE - MWSI- 3B Project Construction of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Mains for Water Supply Systems Project in Noveleta, Kawit and Imus, Cavite. Unpublished Technical Report

Maynilad Water Services Inc., 1998. Maynilad Environmental Management Plan Corporate Environmental Management Department. Unpublished Technical Report.

MWSI. 2005. Environmental Management and Safety Code.

Metro Manila CitiAtlas.. 2002.Asia type, Inc. Mandaluyong City, Philippines

Radian Consulting, Inc. 2006. Feasibility Study - MWSI Water Supply Services Recovery Project. Unpublished Technical Report.

Websites http://www.lopezgroup.org/lqfi/mdgHome.asp?mdg=ENVIRONMENT (viewed October 2006) http://www.birdwatch.ph/html/trip/trip20040307.html (viewed October 2006) http://www.pbase.com/liquidstone/image. Photos by Orlee Ninon (viewed October 2006) http://wwfchina.org/csis/search/english/detail.shtm?cspcode=021170005 (viewed October 2006)

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http://www3.pids.gov.ph (viewed October 2006) http://emi.pdc.org/soundpractices/Metro-Manila/SP1-MM-Saving-Streams-QC.pdf (viewed October 2006)

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