Mezzosopraanon Profiili Giuseppe Verdin Oopperoissa

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Mezzosopraanon Profiili Giuseppe Verdin Oopperoissa Mezzosopraanon profiili Giuseppe Verdin oopperoissa Katariina Ylönen Opinnäytetyö Syyskuu 2014 Musiikin koulutusohjelma Kulttuuriala Kuvailulehti Tekijä(t) Julkaisun laji Päivämäärä Ylönen, Katariina Opinnäytetyö 08.09.2014 Sivumäärä Julkaisun kieli 46 Suomi Verkkojulkaisulupa myönnetty: x Työn nimi Mezzosopraanon profiili Giuseppe Verdin oopperoissa Koulutusohjelma Musiikin koulutusohjelma Työn ohjaaja(t) Eliisa Suni Toimeksiantaja(t) Tiivistelmä Giuseppe Verdin (1813-1901) oopperat ovat laulutaiteen keskeistä ohjelmistoa, jonka tuntemus kuuluu klassisen laulajan ammattitaitoon. Opinnäytetyön tavoite oli syventää käsitystä Verdin oopperalle tyypillisen mezzosopraanoroolin musiikillisista ja karakteristisista piirteistä, ja se tehtiin tutustumalla tarkemmin neljään rooliin (Oberton Cuniza, Nabuccon Fenena, Il trovatoren Azucena ja Aïdan Amneris). Työn tarkoitus oli ensisijaisesti tukea nuorta laulajaa, joka muodostaa yleiskuvaa näistä rooleista. Menetelmänä käytettiin laadullista tutkimusta ja se siihen kuului partituurien, librettojen ja esitystaltiointien tarkastelua. Verdin tyylin kokonaisvaltaiseksi hahmottamiseksi kirjallisen lähdeaineiston kautta tutustuttiin siihen historiallis- kulttuuriseen ympäristöön, jossa säveltäjä teki työtään ja selvitettiin, miten hän sopeutui ajan ankaran sensuurin vaatimuksiin. Loppupäätelmänä todettiin, että Verdin mezzosopraanoroolit jakautuvat karkeasti kahteen päätyyppiin, joissa voi nähdä sekä laululliset että karakteristiset piirteet: hyväsydäminen hahmo, jolla on lyyrinen laulurooli sekä dramaattista ääntä vaativa rooli, joka on karakteristisella tasolla moraalisesti kompleksinen. Lisäksi todettiin, että Giuseppe Verdin musiikki haastaa laulajan monipuolisuuden ja teknisen taituruuden ja vaatii lauluääneltä muuntautumiskykyä. Avainsanat (asiasanat) italialainen ooppera, libretto, mezzosopraano, oopperarooli, Verdi Muut tiedot Description Author(s) Type of publication Date Ylönen, Katariina Bachelor’s thesis 08.09.2014 Language of publication: Finnish Number of pages Permission for web 46 publication: x Title of publication The profile of the mezzo-soprano in the operas by Giuseppe Verdi Degree programme Degree Program in Music Tutor(s) Suni, Eliisa Assigned by Abstract The knowledge of the operas by Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) is essential to a singer with a classical education and repertoire. The objective of the thesis was to deepen the perception of the musical and characteristic features typical of a Verdian mezzo-soprano role, and this was done by exploring four of the roles more closely (Cuniza of Oberto, Fenena of Nabucco, Azucena of Il trovatore and Amneris of Aïda). The primary purpose of the thesis was to support a young singer to build an overview of the roles. The research approach was qualitative, and it included the examination of the scores, librettos and performance recordings. In order to perceive the comprehensive style of Verdi's compositions, the historical and cultural atmosphere in which he worked and the way in which he adjusted to the heavy censorship of the time were researched by using literary source material. As a conclusion, it was noted that the Verdian mezzo-soprano roles could roughly be divided in two main categories in which both musical and characteristic features could be identified: a warm-hearted character with a lyrical singing role, and a dramatic singing role with moral complexities in the character. It was also noted that the music by Giuseppe Verdi challenges the singer to portray versatility and technical virtuosity and requires her to have a protean voice. Keywords/tags (subjects) Italian opera, libretto, mezzo-soprano, opera role, Verdi Miscellaneous Sisältö 1 Johdanto 3 2 Pikkukaupungin pojasta kansallissankariksi 5 2.1. Italian murros 5 2.2. G. F. F. Verdi 5 3 Oopperat – 26 jalokiveä säveltäjän kruunussa 7 3.1 Verdin teosten historiallinen ja tyylillinen aikajana 7 3.2 Italialaisen oopperan merkitys ja sensuurin koura 8 3.3 Oopperan värit ! 4 Verdin anti-sopraanot 12 ".1 #iten Verdi-me%%on hahmo muodostuu& 12 ".2 ' nityypin asema ja teht vät roolijaossa 14 5 Cuni!a "Oberto# 17 6 $enena "Nabucco# 2( 6.1 *ynopsis 2( 6.2 #arttyyriprinsessa 22 7 &!u'ena "Il Trovatore# 25 7.1 *ynopsis 25 7.2 + ytelm st oopperaksi 2) 7.3 #ustalaisnaisen tulkinta 28 1 ( &)neris "Aïda# 32 8.1 ,ïdan le.enda 32 8.2 *ynopsis 3" 8.3 Hallitsijattaren kasvutarina 35 9 Pohdinta "1 +ähteet "5 ,uviot 0uvio 1. Ote Il trovatoren partituurista 11 0uvio 2. Ote Il trovatoren partituurista 14 0uvio 3. Ote Oberton partituurista 19 0uvio ". Ote Nabuccon partituurista 23 0uvio 5. ,%u1enan roolissa 2u.enie Grune3ald 25 0uvio 6. Ote Il trovatoren partituurista 2! 0uvio 7. Ote Il trovatoren partituurista 3( 0uvio 8. ,mneriksen roolissa #arianne 4ornetti 33 0uvio 9. ,mneriksen roolissa #ilijana +ikolic 35 0uvio 10. Ote Aïdan paritituurista 38 2 1 Johdanto Italialaiss velt j Giuseppe Verdin tuotanto on keskeisint oopperakirjallisuutta5 joka kuuluu jo$ kaisen oopperatalon kantaohjelmistoon. Verdin oopperat ovat romanttisen ajan klassikoita5 joi$ hin kuuluvat uhmakas draama5 yhteiskunnalliset aiheet5 le.endojen väritt m tarinaymp rist65 karikatyyrisyyden rajoilla leiskuvat henkil6hahmot ja s velt j lle ominainen5 monis vyinen mu$ siikki. Jos oopperavieras haluaa p st hukuttautumaan velloviin musiikillisiin myrskyihin5 j n$ nitt m n mahdottoman rakkauden mahdollisuuksia tai kokemaan hulluuden partaalla horju$ van p henkilön pakokauhua5 Verdi-ooppera on melko varma valinta. Oopperatalojen Verdi-tuo$ tannoissa on yleens k ytetty runsaasti resursseja my6s dramaattiseen visuaalisuuteen ja tehos$ teisiin5 joita s velt j itsekin piti t rkein 5 joten elämys on kokonaisvaltainen. Giuseppe Verdin teokset ovat kautta aikain laajimmin ja monilukuisimmin esitettyj oopperoita. 8*no3man 2(145 1(.9 Oma ihastukseni s velt j n vokaalimusiikkiin on syttynyt vähitellen. :utustuin aluksi ;ichard <a.nerin oopperoihin ja =ou:ube$kanavilla seikkaillessani eksyin my6s Verdin musiikin pariin. Verdi ja <a.ner ovat molemmat romantiikan ajan merkitt viä oopperas velt jiä5 joten heid t mainitaan usein samassa yhteydess . #inua kiinnostivat klassiset kertomukset ja le.endat5 jot$ ka esiintyivät Verdin oopperoissa sek runsas5 draaman sykett tulviva musiikki. Omakohtaises$ ti p sin osalliseksi s velt j n musiikillisesta syvyydest laulaessani Macbethin kuorossa 0eski- *uomen alueoopperan produktiossa vuonna 2(10. #usiikin laulettavuus ja erityisesti kuoroteks$ tuurin konstailematon5 yksinkertaisuudella leikittelevä tehokkuus tekivät minuun vaikutuksen. 0un tuli aika p tt aihe opinn ytety6h6ni, minulle oli selvä 5 ett halusin paneutua nimen$ omaan Verdin oopperatuotantoon. Italialaista romantiikan ajan oopperamusiikkia on k sitelty laulajan n k6kulmasta useassa opin$ n ytety6ss ja tutkielmassa. ?6ysin my6s Verdin oopperoihin keskittyneit t6it ja tutustuin niist muutamiin valitessani aiheeni rajausta. @yrin k sittelem n aihettani tuoreesta5 muita 3 tutkielmia t ydent väst n k6kulmasta. :utustuin mm. *ari *avusen (2((9) ja :uukka Hurmeen (2(12) opinn ytet6ihin5 jotka k sittelivät Verdin oopperamusiikin solistisia piirteit sopraanon ja baritonin n k6kulmista. + m opinn ytety6t rajasivat tutkimuksensa kukin yhteen ooppe$ raan ja oopperarooliin. 0onsepti oli mielest ni hyvä5 joten p tin k sitellä ty6ss ni samaan tyyliin s velt j n me%%osopraano$ ja alttorooleja5 koska oopperakirjallisuuden historiassa niillä on erityinen5 perinteit uudistava asema. Halusin kuitenkin tarkastella aihetta hieman laajem$ min ja paneutua useampaan kuin yhteen roolihahmoon m ritt kseni kokonaisvaltaisempaa kuvaa siit 5 millainen Verdin tyypillinen me%%osopraano$ tai alttorooli oikein on. 0eskeiset tutkimuskysymykseni ovatA B #iten Verdi sopeutui aikansa kulttuuriymp rist6n vaatimuksiin oopperoita s velt ess n& B #illaisia karakteristisia hahmoja Verdin matalille nais nille kirjoittamat roolit ovat5 millaisille nityypeille ne istuvat erityisen hyvin ja miten hahmon tarina heijastuu musiikista& Ollessani mukana oopperakuorossa koin5 ett juuri t m musiikki on omalle nityypilleni miel$ lytt vä ja luonnollista laulettavaa. Opinn ytety6ni tavoitteina on kartuttaa lauluammattilaiselle olennaista tietoa s velt j n oopperatuotannosta ja ylip t n italialaisen oopperan tyylist sek paneutua erityisesti niihin rooleihin5 joita mahdollisesti voisin tulevaisuudessa itsekin laulaa. Valitsin lähemp n tarkkailuun nelj roolia5 joiden vaateet olivat mahdollisimman lähellä omaa nityyppiäni mutta joissa on my6s keskin ist vaihtelua sek musiikillisesti, karakteristisesti ett s velt j n aikajanalla. @erustin valinnat t m nhetkiseen tilanteeseen eli siihen5 millaisia piirteit laulamisessani esiintyi kuluvalla hetkellä ja millaista kehityst neeni oli ennustettavis$ sa. 4 2 Pikkukaupungin pojasta kansallissankariksi 2-1 .talian )urros Italian valtio syntyi vuonna 1861. 0ansakunnan yhten istymist edelsi suuri poliittinen myller$ rys. +ykyinen Italia koostui ennen yhdistymist n pikkuvaltioistaA pohjoisessa ?ombardia ja Ve$ netsia olivat It vallan hallinnassa ja eteläinen Italia oli jaettu kuuteen osaan. @oliittinen liikeh$ dint alkoi 18(($luvun alussa kirjailijoiden ja muiden taiteilijoiden tuodessa esiin nationalistisia aiheita. Vastakkainasettelun osapuolina olivat hirmuhallitsija It valta ja yhten isyytt n toivova5 osiksi pilkkoutunut Italia. Vuonna 18"8 italialaiset nationalistit kapinoivat ja k ynnistivät val$ lankumouksia5 joiden kahinassa Venetsia irrottautui It vallasta ja julistautui tasavallaksi. Italia julisti itsen isyyssodan It valtaa vastaan5 mutta sen useat
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