We who believe in freedom should not rest, until the killing of black men, a black mot, son, becomes as important to the rest of the country as the killing of a white mother's We who believe in freedom cannot rest until this happens. Ella Baker 1903-'
Portrait of Ella Baker on this page by Sharon Riley. Dear Friends, I was seven years old in the summer of 1964 and I have never been to Mississippi. While attending college at Kent State University, I became familiar with the names Ella Baker; Fannie Lou Hamer; Medgar Evers; and Goodman, Schwerner, and Chaney. I was enamored of their courage and conviction , and eventually, I became absorbec in creating a lasting tribute to them and to their timeless quest for justice. The creation of the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project is, in every way , evolutionary and a labor of love. This musical collection and forthcoming anthology was born while I was in graduate school researching songs from the Civil Rights Movement. Digging through issues of Broadside magazine from the early 60's, I noticec that the most powerful and provocative pieces capturec the brutality committed against those who dared to eradicate the segregation and racist status quo in Mississippi. There, in the summer of 1964, close to one thousand college students from the North joined civil rights workers in a dangerous operation to bring about social reforms for southern blacks, including voting rights, better schools, and adequate housing. Their passion and purpose filled the pages of this national song magazine, where the story of the Mississippi Freedom Summer unfolded, at once urgent and eloquent. Like an explorer who discovered a buried treasure, I had to share my riches with the rest of the world. I began by weaving this information into an arts-empowerment program for at-risk, low-income youth and children in Washington, D.C. Not surprisingly, most of my students had been denied exposure to the events and individuals who made possible the Mississippi Freecom Summer, as American history texts typically make cursory, if any, reference to one of the country's most decisive initiatives for social change. Realizing something more had to be done, I put all of my energies and limited resources into developing a national forum for Freedom Summer participants to document their legacies in a non-commercial format , unscarred by censorship and media distortion. Literally hundreds of people have supported my efforts, in a generous offering of articles, testimonies , and the cherished lyrics and melodies included here. I'm careful to remind you, however, that this collection is not meant to be a historical account; rather, it is a retrospective reminiscent of the racial discrimination and economic disparity that continues today I dangerously ignored and inexcusably dismissed. Nor is this project all inclusive. Hundreds of Freedom Summer volunteers were never located, and others have never forwarded their materials despite their initial enthusiasm and my repeated requests. Perhaps, they feel their recollection has been tempered by the passage of time; or, conversely, their memories have proven too difficult to record . It is, nevertheless, a fine tribute, which I have dedicated to the memory of Ella Baker. Ella's name is not widely known among the general public, but to those inside the movement, her uncompromising mission and inspiriting presence were a sustaining force . I am also proud to present this project in honor of Emmett Till , Medgar Evers, Michael Schwemer, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney ... and all those who gave their lives to the ongoing struggle for racial equality and social justice. Freedom Is a Constant Struggle has touched my life in many ways. The captivating power of the material and the wonderful people I met made this experience one of the most rewarding in my life. It is my hope that the songs assembled for this collection stir the emotions of the listener as they have mine, and that they are shared with generations to come . In Peace,
Susie Erenrich Executive Director Cultural Center for Social Change A Note About This Recorded Collection This historical album contains analog as well as digital source material, some of which was recorded live more than 30 years ago. Every attempt has been made to obtain original master recordings and capture the best possible sound. Some of the original master recordings had inherent problems, but capturing the song in its historical context was more vital than attempting to obtain more contemporary material.
IlISCl 1. Hey Nelly Nelly, pertonneAlbany Movement Newly ooxded for IhIs abm. 10. Hammer Song, pertonnec arPete Seeger. Used by permissioo 01 Flying Fish Records, loc. Taken Irom "Ain't You Got A Right To The Tree 01 lile: 3. Freedom School, pertormed by Jad< llIIdnll. Words aOO music by Jack laOOron. Used by permission 01 Vanguard Records, a Welk Music Group Company Taken lrom "Jackie Washington at Club 47: 4. Song For Ben Chaney. perlormed by Jad< LnIIm. Words arMatthew Jones. _ for Ihb abm. 20. Ella~ Song, perlormed by s-t Hmoy In The Rod< Irom "Breaths." CompoSlI",o by Bemice Johosoo Reagoo, Sorglalk Publishirg Co. Sweel Honey 10 The Rock appears courtesy of Flyirg Fish Records, Inc. About The Artists ErIc AOOersen is a song-poet and recording artist who has released 18 albums. He was discovered by Tom Paxloo in Sao Francisco aroj gal his slart in Greeowich Village along with Phil Ochs aroj Bob flylao Enc div~es hIS lime between New yo~ aroj Norway where he wriles aroj lives With painler Lmi Askelaroj aroj their four children. QJy ani CanI~ t:arawa\, based althe Highlander Cenler in Ternessee for more thao 30 years, have worXeO as cultural organizers in the South, and have performed nationally aoo internationally. They have produced lour books aroj a dozen documenlary albums relleclirg both lradilional cultures 01 Deep Soulh African American and Appalachian communities; and the adoption of these cultures into social movements. They have also produced 12 albums ollheir own music. Guy is besl known lor spreading We Shall Overcome throughoulthe Soulh in the early 1960's. He plays guilar, baojo, and hammered dulcimer. In addition \0 Singing, Candie is an artist and potter. Len Chlnlier is the co-founder/direclor of the Los Angeles Songwllle(s Showcase and Senior Edilor of lhe Songwriler Musepaper. CharOle(s freedom songs were recorded althe Smithsooiao and slored in the Nallonal Archives. Two songs he wrole 00 the Selma 10 Moolgomery March are 10 the docunenlary film "KIOg." He recorded for Columbia, Folkways, Broadside, Blue Thurrb, FM, aroj Klrg Records aroj wrole 15 lopical songs a week for a year on KRLA's "Credibility Gap." Chandle(s songs were also featured on KLET TVs 'Nusical Muse' and 'Earth News Radio: syndicated to over 400 markets worldwide . .lily CoIlils is well known on the polilicallronl She was a participaol in The Civil R~hls Movernerl and in 1964 wenllo Mississippi with the Caravao of Music. SIle begao studyirg classical pi"" althe age of live, bul il was the music of WoocJy Guthrie am Pete Seeger and the traditiooal rrusic of the folk revival that fired her love of lyrics, and by 16 made her move Irom playing the Sieinway 10 playing the guilar. .tudy has recorded 26 albums, wrItten two books aroj co-;jirecled the dOCl.menlary film Anlooi. A Portrail Of The Womao BWn Da1e is a blues aroj jazz singer wIxJ has lenl her voice 10 the cause 01 racial aroj ecooomic jusl.e """ 1945. She begao si'g1Og unlOO orgaoizi'g songs lII1ich blrughl her 10 the shop gates of the 40's, freedom SOIYJs"Which carried tier to Mississippi am anli·warSUil;jS wiliJrm-hertu slOlehOiits dlid cellals Oil the outskirts 01 mililary posts. Barbara has loured extensive~ thrrx.ghoulthe wand, rcluding Hami, Havana, and Japao. BOO [)j\a1 appeared alongside Pete Seeger and Theodore Bikel at a voter registration rally in Greenwood, MISSiSSippi, on July 6, 1963. It was ~ere Ihal he lirsl sang his song Dnly A Pawn In Their Game. Laler thai summer he pertormed the song during ~e greal Civil Righls March On Washing Ion. Bob Dylan arrived on the New York folk scene in early 1961 and signed with Columbia Records that same year. RIdlanlIRI t.tnI Farlia caplured naliooal altenlioo as lolk duo in the early 1960's, becoming .... of the firsl groups 10 fuse folk malerial with a rock rhythm theme. Richard was the author of Been Oown So Long It Looks like Up To Me (Random House), a poet, composer, aroj musiciao Both Richard aroj Mimi's voices harmonizeO to create a ooiQue sOl1K:f accompanied by their dulcimer and guitar They recorded three albums on Vanguard Records before Richard's death in a 1966 motorcycle accident. Kin & Reggie HaRts are Folk Era recording artists. They are versatile and gifted singers, composers, and inslrumenlalisls whose commilmenllo the cause of lreedom is reflecled on their album In The Heal Of The Summer (Folk Era 1412). Kim and Reggie lour inlemalionally with pertormances althealres, leslivals, clubs, colleges, and schools. caroiYn Hosler is a folksinger/songwrifer. She came 10 aflenfion ~rough the unusual palh of being presenled by rock n' roll hero Buddy Holly. She. in lum. participaled in ~e discovery of Bob Dylan and mentored Nanci Griffith. Peler Seeger has always been her biggest inspiration. Carolyn and her husband David Blume conli"" 10 lour ~e U.SA and EnglarOhio in 1973. Their interest in country, swing, jazz, blues, ragtime, traditional folk, and contemporary music has helped create an ecleclic repertoire Greg and Terry are besl known for lending their voices 10 struggles for juslice; ",e~er il be for lhe righls of Native Peoples. the Quesl for peace, the homeless, human righls or healing ~e environment Both were inspired at an early age by political events lIlfolding in the early 1960's, in particular Freedom Summer They have toured exlensively ~roughout ~e US. Canada, Mexico. England, and Scotlarfolk music odyssey In 1987, ~e National Music Council presenled her wi~ Ihe American Eagle Award lor her distinguished contribution to American music and she was honored by Ihe Federation of Protestant Charities for the contributions to numerous humanitarian organizations and causes. From Alabama 10 Zimbabwe, Odella hars caplivaled music lovers In many lands and from all facels of ~e wond. T"" PaxIlJl has been a much admired songwriler since he helped deline Ihe lolk mcvemenl in New Yor1<'s musical cOOVTllllrty ~ Ihe early 1960's. WI~ Ihe world as his prey and laVish gifts of expression al his command, Pax10n contiroes to find rruch 10 Q",slion. laugh about and celebrale ~rough words and musrc. He has been pertonnUY.i contrnuously for Ihe pasl three decades ar
Acknowledgements Words call neveradeqllately eX1Jress my gratitude to all of the artists wllO haceafiglled in appreciating the oofueof thiscommemoraticeefforL This project would never have been possible without their memories, talent and devotion I would aLso like to thank my soundeugineer, Can) Leefrom Wild CatStlldio,Allan Shaw Qlld Mike FleischerofFolk Era Records, my assistant and bestJriend Brad McKelcey, my atlonJey Jay RoserlllUl~ Dr. Lydia FishJor introducing me to Gary and Mike, SonrlY Delisfor going beyond the call of duty, my uxmderflll parents, and all of the other people who have amtribllted so much ofthemselt:es to make this happen. There are too manfj oJ you to list, but 1 love a nd arn indebted to each and e1:€T1) one of yOIl. A Note From Folk Era Productions, Inc. We aredelighted to be a part of ill is project. The late Bruce Kaplan,fouuder ofFlying Fish Records, isslled fila 11 y records based on their QI"tistie menta nd social sjgtlifica nee ami not the; r commercial potentiaL Tlmt they proved commercially IJiable surprised evenJone except Bruce. It is Ilisexampie thatgllided liS to participate in therefeaseo!tl!isafbum, It isalsoOtlrbelieftlmt music is the 1lI1iversallanglloge; tlwl, among other things, it compeLs liS taaction, reminds tiS that1lJllch of what is aeh ieved is aCCQl1lplished only after hard struggle, and reminds liS also that there is milch left to do. The lIlusicofthe Mississippi Freedom SU1IJmeratollc t.imecompelled action. Let it now remind IIsof theenOn1IOIIS struggles of the past and long struggle ahead to achieve justice, equality, and freedom ,
About The Organization Cultural Center for Social Change is a nol1-profit, arts education orga'lizatilm located in the District ofColllmbia. It was establislwd to educate the general public through the arts about. historic, social and political movements in thiscotmtryandabroad; lo provide arts programming to lIIulerserved populations; and to collaborate with artists ill oolved in projects for social change. Formore informationabollt the center's forthcoming book, Freedom Is a Constant Stmggle; An AlltllOlogy of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement, or otherorga'lizatUmal activities write;
Cultural Center For Social Change 3133 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 432 Washington, DC 20008 202-462·4611
Produced by Susie Erenrieh, Cultural Center for Social Change, Washington, DC. Mastered by Gary Lee, Wild Cat Studio, Tonawanda, NY. Production by Mike Fleischer for Folk Era Productions, Inc. , Naperville, IL. This booklet was funded in part by the A. J. Muste Memoriallnstilute.
Cover artwork by Faith Ringgold, #4, The Sunflowers Quilting Bee at Aries, The French Collection, Part 1, copyright private.