DOCSLIB.ORG

Youth and Policy, No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Youth and Policy, No YOUTH &POLICY No. 108 MARCH 2012 Young People, Welfare Reform and Social Insecurity Buses from Beirut: Young People, Bus Travel and Anti-Social Behaviour Participation and Activism: Young people shaping their worlds John Dewey and Experiential Learning: Developing the theory of youth work Home Alone? Practitioners’ Reflections on the Implications of Young People Living Alone Thinking Space: An Institute for Youth Work? Reviews Editorial Group Ruth Gilchrist, Tracey Hodgson, Tony Jeffs, Dino Saldajeno, Mark Smith, Jean Spence, Naomi Stanton, Tania de St Croix, Tom Wylie. Associate Editors Priscilla Alderson, Institute of Education, London Sally Baker, The Open University Simon Bradford, Brunel University Judith Bessant, RMIT University, Australia Lesley Buckland, YMCA George Williams College Bob Coles, University of York John Holmes, Newman College, Birmingham Sue Mansfield, University of Dundee Gill Millar, South West Regional Youth Work Adviser Susan Morgan, University of Ulster Jon Ord, University College of St Mark and St John Jenny Pearce, University of Bedfordshire John Pitts, University of Bedfordshire Keith Popple, London South Bank University John Rose, Consultant Kalbir Shukra, Goldsmiths, University of London Tony Taylor, IDYW Joyce Walker, University of Minnesota, USA Aniela Wenham, University of York Anna Whalen, Freelance Consultant Published by Youth & Policy, ‘Burnbrae’, Black Lane, Blaydon Burn, Blaydon on Tyne NE21 6DX. www.youthandpolicy.org Copyright: Youth & Policy The views expressed in the journal remain those of the authors and not necessarily those of the editorial group. Whilst every effort is made to check factual information, the Editorial Group is not responsible for errors in the material published in the journal. ii Youth & Policy No. 108 March 2012 About Youth & Policy Youth & Policy Journal was founded in 1982 to offer a critical space for the discussion of youth policy and youth work theory and practice. The editorial group have subsequently expanded activities to include the organisation of related conferences, research and book publication. Regular activities include the bi- annual ‘History of Community and Youth Work’ and the ‘Thinking Seriously’ conferences. The Youth & Policy editorial group works in partnership with a range of local and national voluntary and statutory organisations who have complementary purposes. These have included UK Youth, YMCA, Muslim Youth Council and Durham University. All members of the Youth & Policy editorial group are involved in education, professional practice and research in the field of informal education, community work and youth work. The journal is run on a not-for-profit basis. Editors andAssociate Editors all work in a voluntary and unpaid capacity. iii Youth & Policy No. 108 March 2012 YOUTH &POLICY Contents No. 108 MARCH 2012 Young People, Welfare Reform and Social Insecurity Buses from Beirut: Young People, Bus Travel and Anti-Social Behaviour Participation and Activism: Young people shaping their worlds John Dewey and Experiential Learning: developing the theory of youth work Home Alone? Practitioners’ Refl ections on the Implications of Young People Living Alone Thinking Space: An Institute for Youth Work? Reviews Young People, Welfare Reform and Social Insecurity Margaret Melrose 1 ➤ Buses from Beirut: Young People, Bus Travel and Anti-Social Behaviour Stephen Moore 20 ➤ Participation and Activism: Young people shaping their worlds Kalbir Shukra, Malcolm Ball and Katy Brown 36 ➤ John Dewey and Experiential Learning: Developing the theory of youth work Jon Ord 55 ➤ Home Alone? Practitioners’ Reflections on the Implications of Young People Living Alone Kayleigh Garthwaite 73 ➤ THINKING SPACE: An Institute for Youth Work? Tom Wylie 88 ➤ Reviews 91 ➤ iv Youth & Policy No. 108 March 2012 Contributors Malcolm Ball is an Advisor to the Young Mayor of Lewisham. Katy Brown is an Advisor to the Young Mayor of Lewisham. Kayleigh Garthwaite is a Researcher at the Wolfson Research Institute, Department of Geography, Durham University, Stockton on Tees. Margaret Melrose Professor of Social Policy and Applied Social Research at the Institute of Applied Social Research, University of Bedfordshire. Stephen Moore is a Reader in Social Policy, Department of Family and Community Studies, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge. Jon Ord is a Reader in Youth Work, University College Marjon, Plymouth. Kalbir Shukra is a Lecturer in Community and Youth Work at Goldsmiths College, London. Tom Wylie serves as a Trustee for various youth bodies. He was Chief Executive of the National Youth Agency,1996–2007 and prior to that he was one of Her Majesty’s Inspectors. v Youth & Policy No. 108 March 2012 © YOUTH & POLICY, 2012 Young People, Welfare Reform and Social Insecurity Margaret Melrose Abstract This article traces the continuities between welfare reforms pursued under New Labour and those proposed by the Coalition government in the UK. It suggests that these reforms sought and continue to seek to discipline young people to accept low-paid, insecure work and unemployment and thereby entrench their poverty and disadvantage. The article argues that faced with this social and economic insecurity many young people may opt for informal opportunities in the shadow economy where they will become further dislocated from the socio-economic mainstream. Key words: Young people, poverty, unemployment, neoliberalism, informal economy IN FebrUarY 2011 the Coalition Government published its Welfare reform bill following earlier publication of the White Paper, Universal Credit: Welfare that Works (DWP, 2010). The reforms promise ‘the most far-reaching programme of change that the welfare system has witnessed in generations’ (DWP, 2010:1). This article shows that rather than a radical new departure, the proposed reforms promise continuity with welfare reforms developed under New Labour and previous Conservative governments. by doing so they move us further in the direction of neoliberal orthodoxy (see also Crisp et. al., 2009a). Like previous welfare reforms, these proposals adopt individualistic explanations for the structural problems of poverty and unemployment and suggest ‘a behaviourist, supply-side explanation of “welfare dependency” ’ (Peck, 1999:345) as their cause. Coalition welfare reforms, like those of New Labour, are concerned with producing suitable subjects for the global economy and are therefore preoccupied with disciplining welfare claimants and modifying their behaviour in relation to job-seeking activity (Schram, 2007). These reforms are designed to engage welfare claimants in the practice of reconstructing themselves from ‘passive recipients’ of ‘welfare’ to ‘active contributors’ to ‘workfare’ (Schram, 2007; Dean, 2007). In this sense, they are intended to ‘create workers for jobs nobody wants rather than to create jobs for people who do not have them’ (Peck, 2001:6) and arguably represent new modes of governance of the poor. This article is particularly concerned with the ways in which the institutionalised social insecurity that neoliberal social policy represents forces socially and economically disadvantaged young people into abject positions. It suggests that the effects of reforms proposed by the Coalition, 1 Youth & Policy No. 108 March 2012 Young PeopLe, Welfare reforM and SocIaL InsecuritY like those of New Labour, will further entrench poverty and social disadvantage amongst the young. Faced with unpalatable choices between unemployment, low paid and unrewarding work, reduced educational opportunities and harsh discipline administered through the benefit system, marginalised and disadvantaged young people may opt for ‘alternative careers’ (Craine, 1997) in the informal economy. The discussion begins by tracing the establishment of the neoliberal government agenda and its consolidation under New Labour. It then explores Coalition plans for welfare reform and the ways in which New Labour policies such as New Deal for Young People paved the way for these. The discussion continues by considering levels of unemployment and poverty in the UK among those aged 16-24 and reflects on the ways in which Coalition welfare reforms may further entrench their poverty and disadvantage. The consequences and costs of not investing in young people are then explored along with the alternative opportunities that young people may find in the informal, shadow or criminal economies. The article concludes by arguing that it is imperative that policies are developed to ensure that young people are provided with labour market and educational opportunities which will offer meaningful alternatives to the stark choices with which they are currently confronted. If such alternatives are not developed the future social and individual costs will be significant and may be felt for generations to come. Establishing the neoliberal agenda Since the 1980s, and the election of Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative Government neoliberalism has been the primary default position of successive british governments (Peck, 2001). The neoliberal social and economic policies pursued by consecutive governments since that time have resulted in fundamentally restructured labour markets and a transformed welfare state. The labour market has polarised with an expansion of ‘flexible’, ‘hyper-casualised’, insecure and low-paid work at one end and highly skilled, highly rewarded (and highly rewarding) secure work at the other (MacKinnon et. al., 2011; Goos and Manning, 2007; bell and blanchflower, 2009). The ‘bridge’
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evidencing the Impact of Neighbourhood Watch
    UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science Evidencing the impact of Neighbourhood Watch Evidencing the impact of Neighbourhood Watch Lisa Tompson, Jyoti Belur and Nikola Giorgiou University College London Contact details: Dr Lisa Tompson Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ. Tel: 020 3108 3126 Email: [email protected] 1 UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science Evidencing the impact of Neighbourhood Watch Table of Contents 1. Background ......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methods .............................................................................................................................. 4 3. The impact of Neighbourhood Watch ................................................................................... 4 3.1 How Neighbourhood Watch might impact on crime ................................................................. 5 3.1.1 Manipulating the environment to reduce opportunities for crime........................................ 5 Dissemination of crime prevention advice .......................................................................................... 6 Mobilising guardians .......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Social control mechanisms ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    Annual Report 2003/2004 The academic year 2003/2004 was marked by continued excellence in research, teaching and outreach, in service of humanity’s intellectual, social and technological needs. President and Provost’s Outreach Statement In accordance with its UCL is committed to founding principles, UCL using its excellence in continued to share the research and teaching highest quality research to enrich society’s art, and teaching with those intellectual, cultural, who could most benefit scientific, economic, from it, regardless of environmental and their background or medical spheres. circumstances. See page 2 See page 8 Research & Teaching Achievements UCL continued to UCL’s academics challenge the boundaries conducted pioneering of knowledge through its work at the forefront programmes of research, of their disciplines while ensuring that the during this year. most promising students See page 12 could benefit from its intense research-led teaching environment. See page 4 The UCL Community Developing UCL UCL’s staff, students, With the help of its alumni and members of supporters, UCL is Council form a community investing in facilities which works closely fit for the finest research together to achieve and teaching in decades the university’s goals. to come. See page 18 See page 24 Contacting UCL Supporting UCL Join the many current UCL pays tribute to and former students and those individuals and staff, friends, businesses, organisations who funding councils and have made substantial agencies, governments, financial contributions foundations, trusts and in support of its research charities that are and teaching. involved with UCL. See page 22 See page 25 Financial Information UCL’s annual income has grown by almost 30 per cent in the last five years.
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Review Protocol for Crime Trends Facilitated by Synthetic Biology Mariam Elgabry1,2 , Darren Nesbeth2 and Shane D
    Elgabry et al. Systematic Reviews (2020) 9:22 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-1284-1 PROTOCOL Open Access A systematic review protocol for crime trends facilitated by synthetic biology Mariam Elgabry1,2 , Darren Nesbeth2 and Shane D. Johnson1* Abstract Background: When new technologies are developed, it is common for their crime and security implications to be overlooked or given inadequate attention, which can lead to a ‘crime harvest’. Potential methods for the criminal exploitation of biotechnology need to be understood to assess their impact, evaluate current policies and interventions and inform the allocation of limited resources efficiently. Recent studies have illustrated some of the security implications of biotechnology, with outcomes of misuse ranging from compromised computers using malware stored in synthesised DNA, infringement of intellectual property on biological matter, synthesis of new threatening viruses, ‘genetic genocide,’ and the exploitation of food markets with genetically modified crops. However, there exists no synthesis of this information, and no formal quality assessment of the current evidence. This review therefore aims to establish what current and/or predicted crimes have been reported as a result of biotechnology. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted to identify relevant literature. ProQuest, Web of Science, MEDLINE and USENIX will be searched utilizing a predefined search string, and Backward and Forward searches. Grey literature will be identified by searching the official UK Government website (www.gov.uk) and the Global database of Dissertations and Theses. The review will be conducted by screening title/abstracts followed by full texts, utilising pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papers will be managed using Eppi-center Reviewer 4 software, and data will be organised using a data extraction table using a descriptive coding tool.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing a Geospatial Predictive Policing Strategy
    TESTING A GEOSPATIAL PREDICTIVE POLICING STRATEGY: APPLICATION OF ARCGIS 3D ANALYST TOOLS FOR FORECASTING COMMISSION OF RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES By SOLMAZ AMIRI A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF DESIGN WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY School of Design and Construction DECEMBER 2014 © Copyright by SOLMAZ AMIRI, 2014 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by SOLMAZ AMIRI, 2014 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation/thesis of SOLMAZ AMIRI find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Kerry R Brooks, Ph.D., Chair ___________________________________ Bryan Vila, Ph.D. ___________________________________ Kenn Daratha, Ph.D. ___________________________________ David Wang, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee for their guidance, understanding, patience and support during my studies at Washington State University. I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Dr. Kerry Brooks for accepting to direct this dissertation. Dr. Brooks introduced me to the fields of geographic information systems and scientific studies of cities, and helped me with every aspect of my research. He asked me questions to help me think harder, spent endless time reviewing and proofreading my papers and supported me during the difficult times in my research. Without his encouragements, continuous guidance and insight, I could not have finished this dissertation. I am grateful to Dr. Bryan Vila for joining my committee. Dr. Vila put a great deal of time to help me understand ecology of crime and environmental criminology. I showed up at his office without having scheduled a prior appointment, and he was always willing to help.
    [Show full text]
  • POLICY IMPACT UNIT: OUR FIRST TWO YEARS Policy Impact Unit: Our Frst Two Years Policy Impact Unit: Our Frst Two Years | 1
    POLICY IMPACT UNIT: OUR FIRST TWO YEARS Policy Impact Unit: Our frst two years Policy Impact Unit: Our frst two years | 1 FOREWORDS Forewards 1 PIU in numbers: the frst two years 2 About the PIU 3 Our approach 4 Why engineers? 6 Why STEaPP? 7 The team 8 Credit: Shaun Waldie Summary of activity 9 At UCL, generating positive societal impacts is central to In 1827, UCL founded the frst laboratory in the world Highlights 10 our mission of being a world-leading research university. devoted to engineering education. Over 190 years later, we The value of our academic excellence lies in how we are are still at the cutting edge of the discipline, home to some Gender and the Internet of Things 11 able to inform and infuence the world around us, from of the most successful engineering departments in the UK. Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub 14 academic impact to impact on policy professionals and the At its heart, engineering is about fnding practical solutions Vax-Hub 16 global community. In transforming discovery into practice, to problems. Our aim is to change the world and our Dawes Centre for Future Crime 18 we are able to fulfl our mission of being a force for good researchers are tackling some of the world’s biggest Neuromorphic Computing 20 and enabling people to live healthier, more sustainable lives. problems – from improving medical treatments, to tackling climate change, to keeping people safe online. Of course, Other activities 22 Our institutional Public Policy Strategy sets out our vision this year, the COVID-19 pandemic has been an important Training 22 for embedding public policy engagement across UCL focus for many researchers across the faculty and the role Pilot projects 22 in order to bring cross-disciplinary expertise to bear on of science and engineering advice to government has been Global Policy Fellows 22 public policy challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucia Summers Title: Assistant Professor
    TEXAS STATE VITA I. Academic/Professional Background A. Name: Lucia Summers Title: Assistant professor B. Educational Background Degree Year University Major Thesis/Dissertation Ph.D. 2012 UCL, University Criminology The role of place in of London, UK outdoor serious violence P.G.Cert. 2006 University of East Learning and Teaching London, UK in Higher Education M.Sc. 2003 UCL, University Research Methods in The effect of a memory of London, UK Psychology load on self-control in non-autistic adults M.Sc. 2002 University of Applied Forensic Public attitudes toward Leicester, UK Psychology (by different types of sex distance learning) offenders B.Sc.(Hons) 1999 University of Experimental Variations of frontal lobe Sussex, UK Psychology cognitive function across the menstrual cycle C. University Experience Position University Dates Assistant Director, Texas State University Oct 2013 - date GII Center Assistant Professor Texas State University Sep 2013 - date Lecturer Texas State University Sep 2012 – Aug 2013 Researcher (0.6-0.8 fte) University College London, UK Mar 2003 - Sep 2011 Senior Lecturer (0.2 fte) University of East London, UK Apr 2002 - Jul 2008 Specialist Lecturer in University of East London, UK Sep 2002 - Jan 2007 Research Methods (0.2-0.4 fte) Postgraduate Teaching University College London, UK Sep 2002 - Feb 2003 Assistant fte = full-time equivalent Page 1 of 22 D. Relevant Professional Experience Position Entity Dates Research Methods and Self-employed Oct 2004 - date Statistics Consultant Forensic Mental Health East London and The City NHS Trust, Jul 2001 - Feb 2002 Care Assistant London, UK Support Worker East London and The City NHS Trust, Feb 2000 - Jul 2001 (Mental Health) London, UK Psychiatric Nursing East London and The City NHS Trust, Nov 1999 - Feb 2000 Assistant London, UK Rehabilitation Assistant Headway Hurstwood Park, Lewes, UK Jun 1998 - Sep 1999 (voluntary position) Psychiatric Nursing South Downs NHS Trust, Brighton, UK Jun 1998 - Sep 1999 Assistant Nursing Assistant Blue Arrow Nursing Agency Feb 1998 - Jun 1998 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2109.01047V1 [Cs.CR] 1 Sep 2021
    Crypto Currency Regulation and Law Enforcement Perspectives Nicolas T. Courtois1, Kacper T. Grado´n2,3, and Klaus Schmeh4 1 Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK 2 Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw, Poland 3 Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, UK 4 Cipherbrain.net, Gelsenkirchen, Germany Abstract. This paper provides an overview of how crypto currency and blockchain engineering interacts with the law enforcement. We point out that a large proportion of crypto users are amateur investors and the dominant and the largest segment in crypto crime are simply investment scams (!). We look at various questions of criminal use and misuse of technology, especially in the areas of money laundering or cashing out the profits originating from illicit activities. The aim of the paper is to raise a set of concerns arising in the criminal justice and policing circles, based on the interviews with law enforcement practitioners, and to see how cryptos could be reconciled with public security and safety. We propose a simplified classification of crimes related to crypto currency. We study the development of blockchains in a broader context of applied cryptography and payment technology. Ransomware is a big threat but we also need protection against corporate misconduct or negligence, with untested financial services breaching customer trust or government regulations. Not paying taxes is illegal, but there is more at stake: exposing crypto holders to losing all their savings in scams or thefts. Interestingly, privacy helps to defend on multiple fronts: against social engineering, targeted crime, scams, and also against cybersecurity thefts and hacks.
    [Show full text]
  • C2 Steering Group Quarterly Meeting March 2008 in Oslo, Norway
    C2 Steering Group Quarterly Meeting March 2008 in Oslo, Norway Minutes Meeting of the Steering Group (SG) of The Campbell Collaboration at Losby gods outside Oslo, Norway March 7-10th 2008 Attending: Arild Bjørndal & Bob Boruch (Co-chairs), Mark Lipsey (incoming Co-chair), Merete Konnerup, Julia Littell, Chad Nye, Terri Piggott, Amanda Sowden, Carole Torgerson, Jeff Valentine, David Wilson, all regular members of the SG. In addition: Dorothy de Moya. Staff from C2 & The Norwegian knowledge centre: Eamonn Noonan (incoming director), Camilla Chausse (incoming information officer), Catherine McIlwain (Monday), Eli Sundby, Bjorn-Tommy Tollanes. Absent: David Weisburd, Nick Royle & Peter Tugwell (Cochrane liaisons) Minutes March 30th, 2008 Minutes from the Copenhagen SG meeting in November, 2007 (and earlier meetings) are accessible on the C2 web-site. This steering group meeting was mostly intended for strategic thinking and for exchange of ideas on how to improve C2 and C2 processes. Production Reports from and priorities in the Coordinating groups Social Welfare Group. See report. The SW group wants to develop “interest groups” to cover diverse substantive areas within SW. The next SW newsletter will identify potential topics for interest groups, solicit input, and solicit volunteer leaders. SW co-chairs will identify interest group leaders in advance of the Vancouver colloquium and try to get them to the colloquium. Interest groups will convene during the SW group meeting. Interest groups shall identify burning questions for C2 reviews and initiate reviews (propose review titles and teams). SW group will monitor progress of interest groups and send updates in newsletter. Other important topics: • Pursuing succession planning with overlap between incoming and outgoing co-chairs and editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime, Fear of Crime and Mental Health: Synthesis of Theory and Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Qualitative Evidence
    PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 MARCH 2014 ISSN 2050-4381 Crime, fear of crime and mental health: synthesis of theory and systematic reviews of interventions and qualitative evidence Theo Lorenc, Mark Petticrew, Margaret Whitehead, David Neary, Stephen Clayton, Kath Wright, Hilary Thomson, Steven Cummins, Amanda Sowden and Adrian Renton DOI 10.3310/phr02020 Crime, fear of crime and mental health: synthesis of theory and systematic reviews of interventions and qualitative evidence Theo Lorenc,1* Mark Petticrew,1 Margaret Whitehead,2 David Neary,2 Stephen Clayton,2 Kath Wright,3 Hilary Thomson,4 Steven Cummins,5 Amanda Sowden3 and Adrian Renton6 1Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK 2Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 3Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK 4MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (SPHSU), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK 5School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK 6Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, UK *Corresponding author Declared competing interests of authors: none Disclaimer: This report contains transcripts of interviews conducted in the course of the research and contains language that may offend some readers. Published March 2014 DOI: 10.3310/phr02020 This report should be referenced as follows: Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Whitehead M, Neary D, Clayton S, Wright K, et al. Crime, fear of crime and mental health: synthesis of theory and systematic reviews of interventions and qualitative evidence. Public Health Res 2014;2(2). Public Health Research ISSN 2050-4381 (Print) ISSN 2050-439X (Online) This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/).
    [Show full text]
  • Msc in Crime Science
    MSc in Crime Science Domestic Violence in Mexico Leticia Lowenberg Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc in Crime Science (UCL) of the University of London in 2007 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON UCL JILL DANDO INSTITUTE OF CRIME SCIENCE This Dissertation is an unrevised examination copy for consultation only and it should not be quoted or cited without the permission of the Chairman of the Board of Examiners of the MSc in Crime Science (UCL) Abstract Domestic violence is extensively examined with family violence and feminist theories. The type of domestic violence this study analyses is man-to-woman common couple violence. This type of violence happens when ordinary quarrels get out of control, thus it does not escalate in its level of violence as intimate terrorism does. This study examines domestic violence with routine activity theory, using the Mexican National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics 2006. Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson study the convergence of three elements to explain crime: likely offenders, suitable targets and the absence of capable guardians. Thus, the study tests whether women who seem isolated and who are economically dependent make suitable targets for their partners, and whether the presence of potential guardians inside the couples’ households has an effect. This study examines the couple’s interaction in space and time using their employment status. Three models are analysed using a logistic regression. The first model has the variables that examine routine activity theory, the second model includes variables used with success in several domestic violence researches, and the third model controls for sociodemographic variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Security and the Smart City a Systematic Review
    Sustainable Cities and Society 55 (2020) 102023 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sustainable Cities and Society journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scs Security and the smart city: A systematic review T Julian Laufs*, Hervé Borrion, Ben Bradford UCL Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science, 35 Tavistock Square, WC1H 9EZ London, United Kingdom ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The implementation of smart technology in cities is often hailed as the solution to many urban challenges such as Systematic review transportation, waste management, and environmental protection. Issues of security and crime prevention, Smart cities however, are in many cases neglected. Moreover, when researchers do introduce new smart security technol- Safe city ogies, they rarely discuss their implementation or question how new smart city security might affect traditional Security technologies policing and urban planning processes. This systematic review explores the recent literature concerned with new Security functions ‘smart city’ security technologies and aims to investigate to what extent these new interventions correspond with traditional functions of security interventions. Through an extensive literature search we compiled a list of security interventions for smart cities and suggest several changes to the conceptual status quo in the field. Ultimately, we propose three clear categories to categorise security interventions in smart cities: Those inter- ventions that use new sensors but traditional actuators, those that seek to make
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Security Alarms for the Prevention of Assaults Against Healthcare Staf Chloe Perkins1, Deirdre Beecher2, David Colas Aberg3, Phil Edwards1 and Nick Tilley3*
    Perkins et al. Crime Sci (2017) 6:11 DOI 10.1186/s40163-017-0073-1 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Open Access Personal security alarms for the prevention of assaults against healthcare staf Chloe Perkins1, Deirdre Beecher2, David Colas Aberg3, Phil Edwards1 and Nick Tilley3* Abstract Background: Personal security alarms have been used to try to reduce violence against healthcare staf, some of whose members face relatively high risks of assault. This systematic review focused on the efect of alarms in reducing the incidence and/or severity of assaults. Methods: Electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE(R); CINAHL Plus (EBSCO); PubMed; PsycINFO (OvidSP) PsycEXTRA; Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ProQuest) (1987 to current); Criminal Justice Abstracts (EBSCOhost); Psychology and Behavioural Science Collection (EBSCOhost); Social Policy and Practice (OvidSP) Sociological Abstracts; ProQuest theses and dissertations, were searched. Study designs eligible for inclusion were randomised controlled trials, interrupted time series and controlled before-after studies that assessed the impact of personal security alarms on assaults. Searches were undertaken for studies of healthcare staf in all settings (i.e. including staf working in confned spaces such as hospitals and also feld personnel such as community health work- ers). Workplace violence between colleagues (lateral violence and bullying) and other uses of personal alarms (e.g. fall alarms for the elderly, domestic violence prevention) were excluded. Search results were screened by title, abstracts and keywords for possible inclusion. Full text reports for all potentially relevant studies were obtained and indepen- dently assessed for fnal inclusion. The primary outcome was physical assaults (recorded or self-reported). Secondary outcomes included increased confdence or self-efcacy in violence prevention (recorded or self-reported).
    [Show full text]