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Basis for State-Of-The-Art Evaluations

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Basis for State-Of-The-Art Evaluations -7-,- DOCUMENT RESUME ED 026 863 EM 007 076 By-Thornton, James W., Jr.; Brown, James W. New Media and College Teaching. American Association for Higher Education,Washington, D.C.; Department of AudiovisualInstruction, Washington, D.C. Pub Date 68 Note 189p. Available from-Publication-Sales Section,National Education Assoc., 1201 SixteenthSt., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (cloth $8.50, paper $7.00). EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC Not Availablefrom EDRS. Aids,Audiovisual Centers, *Audiovisual Programs,Autoinstructional Laboratories, Descriptors-Audiovisual Media, ComputerAssistedInstruction,EducationalAdministration,InstructionalFilms,*Instructional *InstructionalTechnology,InstructionalTelevision,Language Laboratories, *MediaResearch, Media Technology, Multimedia Instruction, *NationalSurveys, Programed Instruction, School Surveys,Simulation, Systems Approach, Telephone Instruction,Transparencies Identifiers-Media Activity Inventory Directory,New Media in Higher Education Five hundred current innovative media projectsin 300 colleges and universities are reportedhere by faculty members responsiblefor them; these reports are the basis for state-of-the-artevaluations; and both evaluations and reports are arranged inthis Higher Education MediaStudy by fields; instructional televii3ion, mediated self-instruction,special multimediafacilities;transparencies, telephone applications,simulation,systems, and media servicesmanagement. Introductory comments relate media totheir instructional use and thisstudy to one in 1963, "New Media in Higher Education." Someof the concluding remarks are that:applications seem to be moreadaptive than creative, credible materialsof instruction need to be developed nationally and regionally,and housing of media is stillinadequate. Indices by topic, contributore,andinstitutionare provided. A "Media Activity Inventory-Directory," the product of twonationwide mail surveys (1966-67) is appended; it is arranged by state, institution,and media project leader.(MF) 141 PROCESS WITH MICROFICHE AND PUBLISHER'S PRICES. MICRO- 0.2 FICHE REPRODUCTION ONLY. NEW taE Ani COLLEGE TUNING Edited by James W. Thornton, Jr. and James W. Brown Published by The Department of Audiovisual Instruction In collaboration with The American Association for Higher Education (Both organizations are departments of the National Education Association) Copyright @ 1968 National Education Association Library of Congress Catalog Card Number68-8547 Single copy: cloth, $8.50 (Stock No. 251-08288);paper, $7 (Stock No. 251-08286). Discountson quantity orders: 2-9 copies, 10 percent; 10 or more copies, 20 percent. Orders accompanied bypayment will be sent postpaid. Shipping and handling chargaswillbe added to billed orders. Order from Publications-SalesSection, National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street,N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted work has been granted to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) and to the organization operating under contract with the Office to Education to reproduce documents in- cluded in the ERIC system by means of microfiche only, but this right is not conferred to any users of the micro- fiche received from the ERIC Document Reproduction Service.Further reproduction of any part requires per- mission of the copyright owner. .W.,..7S121224aUpraVX:WCIM)=...,4V31,44,771.r.S.M. FOREWORD nology, and thatthe primary concernmust be new Students of technologicalsocieties reportthat one and machines to accom- technology is its pervasivefor- relationships between men cardinal principle of that intro- plish clearly thought-outobjectives. ward mov ementthroughout any society James W. Browndirected, and James W.Thornton, duces it. Thischaracteristic, whenapplied to the director of, theHigher Education in highereducation, would Jr., was associate dPveloped. technology of instruction to the Media Study, fromwhich this book was valid when thisvolume is compared both volumes, theyhave made possible appear Education, issued by As editors of and work, NewMedia in Higher acomprehensive nationalfund of information of AudiovisualInstruction andthe use of newmedia tech- the Department five years insights on contemporary American Associationfor Higher Education nology in highereducation. Thepublisi er gratefully obvious changes havebeen quantita- of Brown ago. The most have been in acknowledges theleadership and dedication tive, but the mostimportant changes and Thornton inmaking this book areality. relationships between menand machines.This new that machines important change isbased on the idea Department ofAudiovisual Instruction in themselves arethe least importantaspect of tech- f HIGHER EDUCATION MEDIA STUDY(HEMS) Advisory Board C. Ray Carpenter, Pennsylvania State University Fred F. Harcleroad, California State College atHayward Anna L. Hyer, Department of AudiovisualInstruction (NEA) Lewis B. Mayhew, Stanford University Kenneth Norberg, Sacramento State College G. Kerry Smith, Chairman (American Associationfor Higher Education) John E. Tirrell, Oakland Community College Randall M. Whaley, University of Missouri atKansas City Sister Mary William, Immaculate HeartCollege (Los Angeles) Stephen J. Wright, United Negro College Fund(New York City) Central HEMS Staff James W. Brown (San Jose State College),Project Director James W. Thornton, Jr. (San Jose StateCollege), Associate Project Director Eileen M. Swartout, Project Secretaryand Coordinator of the Inventory-Directory A. H. Pruit Tully, Research Analyst Richard B. Lewis, Professor of Educationand Director, Audiovisual Services, San Jose State College(Consultant) Ruth H. Aubrey, Editorial Assistant iv 410-f =',11V84,^14.IYA. , ICONTENTS Preface 3 Instructional Functions of NewMedia C. Ray Carpenter 15 2 Current Status ofEarlier Studies 21 3 Instructional Television 43 4 Films 49 5 Listening Laboratoriesand Audiotapes 61 6 Programed Instruction 69 7 Mediated Self-Instruction 81 8 Computer-Assisted Instruction 95 9 Special MultimediaFacilities 105 10 Transparencies forOverhead Projection 109 11 Telephone Applications toInstruction 115 12 Simulation 119 13 Systems 131 14 Management of MediaServices 145 15 Conclusions 147 Topical Index 150 Index of Contributors 154 Index of Institutions 157 Appendix: Media ActivityInventory-Directory PREFACE The Higher Education Media Study was supported a preliminary Inventory-Directory of media activities in part by a contract with the Bureau of Higher Educa- in the 286 reporting institutions, was sent to both the tion of the U.S. Office of Education through the joint presidents and the directors of public information in efforts of a staff cooperating with the American Asso- all 1,400*** institutions on the original mailing list. ciation for Higher Education and the Department of This time, an additional 395 institutions responded, Audiovisual Instruction of the National Education thus providing a total of 681 institutions in which new Association. media activities were reported. The results of these The purposes of the project were two surveys constituted the Media Activity Inventory- 1. To inventory some of the current (1967) instruc- Directory. tional uses of new media of commumication in During the period from October 1966 to January college and university teaching throughout the 1967, each person whose name had been given by United States, and contacted institutions was invited to submit a brief 2. To provide critical descriptions of the varieties article (1,000 words or less) describing the nature, of such utilization, their accomplishments, and scope, and outcomes of each innovative use cited. Of their problems. a total mailing of 938 such letters, responses were The first objective was fulfilled with the issuance received from approximately 300 institutions describ- of the Media Activity Inventory-Directory,* listing ing more than 500 separate innovative media prac- some 650 institutions of higher learning at which tices. Approximately 114 of these articles have been current applications of many different kinds of new reproduced in full and the remainder in brief to form media are being made. the principal content of this report. A critical, evaluative report of the 1967 Higher The editors sincerely appreciate the cordial co- Education Media Study, to which reference is made operation of all whu responded to the several re- in the second objective, was designed for the use of quests for information and articles. Without their state commissions in monitoring allocation of funds help, obviously, this book would have been impossi- for the purchase of new media and related technical ble. Any omissions or misinterpretations of informa- equipment under the terms of Title VI, Part A, of the tion, of course, are attributable to the editors, who Higher Education Act, Public Law 89-329." regret that they occur in spite of allefforts to The Higher Education Media Study used three eliminate them. major approaches in assessing current applications In addition, our gratitude and our indebtedness to of media in colleges and universities. The first in- several co-workers on the project are immeasurable. volved the mailing of a postcard request (during Eileen Swartout, A. H. Pruit Tully, Kris von Stull, and August 1966) to some 1,400 college and university Ruth Aubrey all contributed yeoman service in or- presidents throughout the United States. Invitations ganizing the mailing, keeping track of the responses, were issued to all such institutions to submit names collating the information, and preparing the
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