DOCSLIB.ORG

LFTGN07 Guidance on Monitoring Landfill Gas Surface Emissions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LFTGN07 Guidance on Monitoring Landfill Gas Surface Emissions Guidance on monitoring landfill gas surface emissions LFTGN07 v2 2010 LFTGN 07 [Sector Code] We are the Environment Agency. It's our job to look after your environment and make it a better place - for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 0870 8506506 Email: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk © Environment Agency 2010 All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Environment Agency Guidance on monitoring landfill gas surface emissions 1 Foreword Environment Agency’s Project Team: The following were involved in the production of this guidance: Rob Marshall Head Office (Project Manager) David Browell Head Office Steven Smith Head Office This second edition of LFTGN07 was the result of a collaborative review involving the Environment Agency, SEPA and representatives of the landfill gas industry forming a sub-group of the Environment Agency and Environmental Services Association Landfill Regulation Group. The authors would like to thank all parties who contributed to this review. This guidance is one of a series of documents relating to the management of landfill gas. It is intended for use in the assessment of methane emissions from the surface of permitted landfill sites in England and Wales. It is issued by the Environment Agency as best practice guidance and will be used in regulation of landfills. This guidance is intended for Environment Agency officers to use in regulatory and enforcement activities. It will also be of use to the waste industry and contractors, consultants and local authorities concerned with landfill gas emissions. Any exemption from any of the requirements from other legislation is not implied. 2 Environment Agency Guidance on monitoring landfill gas surface emissions Contents PUBLISHED BY:.........................................................................................................................................0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................5 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................8 1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS TECHNICAL GUIDANCE............................................................................................................ 8 1.2 STRUCTURE OF THIS GUIDANCE ........................................................................................................................ 8 2 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................9 2.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 EMISSION OF GAS THROUGH THE LANDFILL SURFACE ............................................................................................ 9 2.3 SURFACE FLUX MEASUREMENT ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 ZONES AND FEATURES.................................................................................................................................. 11 2.5 EMISSION STANDARDS ................................................................................................................................. 11 2.6 WALKOVER SURVEYS AND REMEDYING FAULTS.................................................................................................. 12 2.7 EMISSION ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES.............................................................................................................. 12 2.8 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES .......................................................................................................................... 13 3 DESK STUDY ........................................................................................................................................15 3.1 RELEVANCE................................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 SITE CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................................. 15 3.3 SITE PLAN AND DRAWINGS............................................................................................................................ 15 4 WALKOVER SURVEY AND REMEDIATION..............................................................................................17 4.1 INITIAL WALK OVER SURVEY........................................................................................................................... 17 4.2 PRE‐VISIT CHECKS ....................................................................................................................................... 17 4.3 SITE WALKOVER SURVEY ............................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 SURFACE SCANNING .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.5 ACTION ON GAS MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.6 COMPLETION OF THE INITIAL SURVEY STAGE ..................................................................................................... 20 4.7 INTERMEDIATE WALKOVER SURVEYS .............................................................................................................. 21 5 DESIGN OF FLUX BOX SURVEYS............................................................................................................22 5.1 SURVEY APPROACH ..................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 SELECTION OF SURVEY ZONES ........................................................................................................................ 22 5.3 TYPICAL ZONES AND FEATURES ...................................................................................................................... 23 5.4 ANNOTATION OF SITE PLAN TO INDICATE ZONES AND FEATURES............................................................................ 25 5.5 NUMBER OF MONITORING LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................ 25 5.6 METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ......................................................................................................................... 26 5.7 CONTROL STATION ...................................................................................................................................... 26 5.8 TEMPORAL FREQUENCY................................................................................................................................27 6 MEASURING EMISSIONS USING A FLUX BOX ........................................................................................29 6.1 RANGE OF APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................... 29 6.2 FLUX BOX METHOD FOR CAPPED ZONES ........................................................................................................... 29 7 DATA PROCESSING ..............................................................................................................................35 7.1 FLUX MEASUREMENT................................................................................................................................... 35 7.2 CALCULATING FLUX IN INDIVIDUAL FLUX BOXES ................................................................................................. 35 7.3 QUANTIFICATION OF FLUX FROM ZONES AND DISCRETE FEATURES......................................................................... 37 7.4 CALCULATION OF EMISSIONS FROM OVERALL SITE.............................................................................................. 38 7.5 POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ERROR OR UNCERTAINTY .............................................................................................. 39 8 ASSESSING EMISSIONS ........................................................................................................................40 8.1 ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE............................................................................................................................. 40 Environment Agency Guidance on monitoring landfill gas surface emissions 3 8.2 ASSESSING COMPLIANCE WITH EMISSION STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 40 8.4 REMEDIAL ACTION PLANS ............................................................................................................................. 43 8.5 TIMESCALE FOR REMEDIATION......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Landfill Gas Investigations at Former Landfills and Disposal Sites
    Landfill Gas Investigations At Former Landfills and Disposal Sites California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery May 2014 S T A T E O F C ALIFORNIA Edmund G. Brown Jr. Governor Matt Rodriquez Secretary, California Environmental Protection Agency Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery CalRecycle Caroll Mortensen Director Public Affairs Office 1001 I Street (MS 22-B) P.O. Box 4025 Sacramento, CA 95812-4025 1-800-RECYCLE (California only) or (916) 341-6300 Publication # DRRR-2014-1516 To conserve resources and reduce waste, CalRecycle reports are produced in electronic format only. If printing copies of this document, please consider use of recycled paper containing 100 percent postconsumer fiber and, where possible, please print on both sides of the paper. Copyright © 2014 by the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission. This report was prepared by staff of the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) to provide information or technical assistance. The statements and conclusions of this report are those of CalRecycle staff and not necessarily those of the department or the State of California. The state makes no warranty, expressed or implied, and assumes no liability for the information contained in the succeeding text. Any mention of commercial products or processes shall not be construed as an endorsement of such products or processes. The California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) does not discriminate on the basis of disability in access to its programs. CalRecycle publications are available in accessible formats upon request by calling the Public Affairs Office at (916) 341-6300.
    [Show full text]
  • New Technology Enables Biogas Plant Optimisation
    NEW TECHNOLOGY ENABLES BIOGAS PLANT OPTIMISATION Governments around the world are seeking to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the fight against climate change, to reduce waste to landfill, and to increase their utilisation of renewable energy in compliance with international agreements. Consequently, in many countries, subsidies have been made available to encourage the growth of the biogas sector. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) a carbon dioxide and humidity. Importantly, the instrument is Ex 1. Hydrolysis – complex organic matter such as proteins, third of global power capacity is now based on renewable energy, certified up to Zone 0/1, which enables in-line installation in carbohydrates and fats are broken down by bacterial enzymes and nearly two-thirds of all new power generation capacity added pipes and ducts where explosive atmospheres exist, with the area into sugars, fatty acids and amino acids. in 2018 was from renewables. Much of the recent growth was surrounding the pipes classified as Zone 1. provided by solar and wind energy, but global bioenergy capacity 2. Acidogenesis – various fermentation reactions convert larger has roughly trebled in the last 10 years. molecules into organic acids, alcohols, ammonia, carbon The generation of biogas from wet putrescible wastes and crops Anaerobic digestion – the process dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. produces a more reliable and predictable source of renewable Four main processes take place inside the digester to produce 3. Acetogenesis - the fermented products are oxidised into simpler energy than wind or solar. However, as these technologies become biogas. All of these processes are mediated by different groups forms such as acetate and carbon dioxide.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Basics of Landfill
    APPENDIX A BASICS OF LANDFILL GAS Basics of Landfill Gas (Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfides) Landfill gas is produced through bacterial decomposition, volatilization and chemical reactions. Most landfill gas is produced by bacterial decomposition that occurs when organic waste solids, food (i.e. meats, vegetables), garden waste (i.e. leaf and yardwaste), wood and paper products, are broken down by bacteria naturally present in the waste and in soils. Volatilization generates landfill gas when certain wastes change from a liquid or solid into a vapor. Chemical reactions occur when different waste materials are mixed together during disposal operations. Additionally, moisture plays a large roll in the speed of decomposition. Generally, the more moisture, the more landfill gas is generated, both during the aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Landfill Gas Production and Composition: In general, during anaerobic conditions, the composition of landfill gas is approximately 50 percent methane and 50 percent carbon dioxide with trace amounts (<1 percent) of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs). The more organic waste and moisture present in a landfill, the more landfill gas is produced by the bacteria during decomposition. The more chemicals disposed in a landfill, the more likely volatile organic compounds and other gasses will be produced. The Four Phases of Bacterial Decomposition: “Bacteria decompose landfill waste in four phases. The composition of the gas produced changes with each of the four phases of decomposition. Landfills often accept waste over a 20-to 30-year period, so waste in a landfill may be undergoing several phases of decomposition at once.
    [Show full text]
  • Landfill Gas Fugitive Emissions Monitoring Guideline Publication 1684, February 2018 Guideline
    Landfill gas fugitive emissions monitoring guideline Publication 1684, February 2018 Guideline Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Document history ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scope and purpose ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Application of this guideline ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Legal status of this guideline ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Health and safety precautions ..................................................................................................................... 2 2. Objectives of landfill gas fugitive emissions monitoring ..................................................................................... 3 2.1 Notification to EPA where BPEM landfill gas action levels are exceeded .................................................... 3 3. Key factors that influence the monitoring of landfill gas ..................................................................................... 3 4. Instruments .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment 5 Groundwater Monitoring Plan
    Fairbanks Landfill, Harris County Permit No. MSW-1565B Part III, Site Development Plan ATTACHMENT 5 GROUNDWATER MONITORING PLAN TXL0263 August 2013 Attachment 5-Cvr 5A-3 5A-4 5A-5 5A-6 5A-7 5A-8 5A-9 5A-10 5A-11 5A-12 5A-13 5A-14 5A-15 5A-16 5A-17 5A-18 5A-19 Fairbanks Landfill, Harris County Permit No. MSW-1565B Part III, Site Development Plan ATTACHMENT 6 LANDFILL GAS MANAGEMENT PLAN TXL0263 Geosyntec Consultants August 2013 Attachment 6-Cvr Fairbanks Landfill, Harris County Permit No. MSW-1565B Part III, Attachment 6- Landfill Gas Management Plan 1. INTRODUCTION This Landfill Gas Management Plan (LGMP) was prepared for the Fairbanks Landfill (the facility) to describe the program that will be implemented to monitor for potential off-site methane migration and potential accumulation of methane in onsite structures, and related features to manage and control landfill gas (LFG). This plan also outlines notification procedures and possible remediation activities, if required. LFG is a byproduct of waste decomposition. The Fairbanks Landfill is a Type IV municipal solid waste (MSW) facility, and as such will receive primarily construction and demolition (C&D)-type waste and is not allowed to accept putrescible waste. Thus, the waste composition at the facility will contain a smaller quantity of decomposable material compared to typical Type I MSW facilities. Nevertheless, LFG generation will still likely occur due to decomposable material (e.g., wood waste) within the landfill. In general, LFG may contain approximately 50 percent to 60 percent methane by volume. Methane is an odorless gas, yet potentially explosive in concentrations between 5 and 15 percent by volume in air (i.e., the lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL), respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Digestion at Loughborough University
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Real-time autonomous remote biogas providedmonitoring: by Loughborough University Institutional Repository Anaerobic Digestion at Loughborough University Tanja Radu1, Richard Blanchard2 and Andrew Wheatley1 3 4 Fiachra Collins and Dermot Diamond 1School of Civil and Building Engineering, 2School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK 3Ambisense Limited, Dublin, Ireland 4Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland Rural Hybrid Energy Enterprise Systems (RHEES) is a research partnership between 6 UK and 7 Indian Universities. The aim of this project is to develop best practise at a smaller community scale which makes use of hybrid and combinations of biofuels. The idea is to improve rural energy availability, equity of cost and to generate an economic stimulus from the desire to provide greater energy security and reduced environmental impact. Our part of the project is AD deployment. Here, we summarise how a novel gas monitoring device for remotely controlled, autonomous monitoring of AD might avoid shock loadings from heterogeneous feedstocks. The main aim of the monitoring is to enable autonomous remote monitoring of: CH4, CO2, O2, pressure, temperature and H2S. These systems are to be coupled with solar panels which will have two roles: powering the monitoring system and hybrid solar-thermal heating of the digesters. An existing landfill gas monitoring system developed by Ambisense Limited and Dublin City University have been identified as an excellent autonomous wireless gas sensing platforms with reliable long term performance and reduction in component cost. These platforms are fully developed and field deployable, several of which are already in use on various landfill sites.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT of ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTHERN REGIONAL OFFICE Molly Joseph Ward 13901 Crown Court, Woodbridge, Virginia 22193 David K
    COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY NORTHERN REGIONAL OFFICE Molly Joseph Ward 13901 Crown Court, Woodbridge, Virginia 22193 David K. Paylor Secretary of Natural Resources (703) 583-3800 Fax (703) 583-3821 Director www.deq.virginia.gov Thomas A. Faha Regional Director SOLID WASTE FACILITY PERMIT NUMBER 001 Facility Name: Loudoun County Solid Waste Management Facility Facility Type: Sanitary Landfill Latitude: N 39° 02' 34" Site Location: County of Loudoun, Virginia Longitude: W 77° 35' 21" Location Description: The Loudoun County Solid Waste Management Facility (LCSWMF) is located at 21101 Evergreen Mills Road, Leesburg, Virginia 20175, on the west side of State Route 621, approximately 1 mile south of State Route 649. Background: The facility is a publicly owned and operated sanitary landfill that serves the residents and businesses of Loudoun County, Virginia. The wastes accepted include those wastes identified in Module II, which is based on the information provided on DEQ Form SW PTB signed May 19, 2014. Solid Waste Permit Number 001 (SWP001) was initially issued to the County of Loudoun by the Virginia Department of Health on May 17, 1971 to operate a 72 acre disposal facility. On November 7, 1984, the Virginia Department of Health issued SWP448 to expand the facility by additional 133 acres. At the request of the County of Loudoun, the Virginia Department of Solid Waste Management consolidated both permits into SWP001, on July 9, 1986, to operate as the LCSWMF. SWP570 was issued to the County of Loudoun by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, on September 13, 1994 to construct and operate the Woods Road Solid Waste Management Facility (WRSWMF), located on a site contiguous to the LCSWMF.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Monitoring of Structures for Landfill Gas Intrusion Glenn K
    Continuous Monitoring of Structures for Landfill Gas Intrusion Glenn K. Young, P.E. & Abel Martinez-Centano, MSCE Closed, Illegal and Abandoned Site Program/California Integrated Waste Management Board Figure 1. Continuous Gas Monitoring Equipment Abstract Federal and State Laws require that structures located on or near landfills and disposal sites be monitored for landfill gas migration to protect public health and safety from potential explosion hazards associated with methane gas. Continuous Gas Monitoring Systems, when carefully planned, designed, installed, operated and maintained by qualified consultants and contractors can provide an effective and economic mitigation measure to indoor landfill gas migration hazards. The Closed, Illegal and Abandoned (CIA) Site Program for the California Integrated Waste Management Board is a state agency that provides technical assistance to local governments in investigating former landfills and disposal sites in urban areas of the state. The CIA unit in working on “high- priority” landfill investigations in many of the large cities in California (Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, San Francisco Bay Area, etc.) can provide field data, case studies and lessons learned from investigations that may be helpful to other jurisdictions in managing their former landfills and disposal sites. 1 Key Words: Landfill Gas Migration, Continuous Landfill Gas Monitoring, Fixed Gas Detection System, Catalytic & Infrared Gas Sensor, Wireless Transmitters and Receivers, Programmable Logic Control, Controllers, Data Loggers, Continuous Gas Monitoring Data. Introduction The California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) regulates former landfills and disposal sites in California to ensure that these “inactive” sites do not pose a threat to public health and safety. With the growth and development of many California cities, many landfills and disposal sites that were formerly in outlying city areas have become encroached upon (and in some cases residential and commercial structures located on the disposal area itself) by development.
    [Show full text]
  • A Compilation of Landfill Gas Field Practices and Procedures
    A COMPILATION OF LANDFILL GAS FIELD PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES by the Landfill Gas Management Division of the Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) August 2011 SWANA ● 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 700, Silver Spring, MD 20910 ● 800-467-9262 FORWARD This document was prepared by the SWANA Landfill Gas Management Division and is based on its professional assessment of current practices and procedures relating to the control, recovery, and utilization of landfill gas. The observations and suggestions in this document should serve as a starting point for readers who are interested in furthering their own knowledge of the subject matter. SWANA plans to supplement the materials in this report from time to time as warranted by significant breakthroughs in technology and technique. This edition is an update to the original 1985 edition and the 1992 revision. SWANA, along with its members and chapters, does not assume any liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, equipment, method, or process discussed in this report. Mere reference to such information, equipment, method, or process does not constitute an endorsement thereof by SWANA or its members and chapters. John H. Skinner, Ph.D. Executive Director, SWANA August 2011 i This page intentionally blank. Acknowledgment The following persons are acknowledged as active participants on the Health and Safety Task Force. Their participation and commentary in revision of this document are greatly appreciated. Mr. Robert Black Mr. Larry S. Carter Mr. George L. Coiner Mr. Steven P. Cooper Mr. Douglas W. Coordes, CIH Ms. Lenda Doane Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Landfill Gas Monitoring Plan
    PREPARED FOR: BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS COUNTY OF BURKE P.O. BOX 1486 MORGANTON, NORTH CAROLINA 28680 JOHN’S RIVER WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY PERMIT NO. 12-03 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN REVISED FEBRUARY 2017 PREPARED BY: 2211 WEST MEADOWVIEW ROAD, SUITE 101 GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA 27407 NC LICENSE NUMBER C-0782 PHONE: (336) 323-0092 FAX: (336) 323-0093 JOYCE PROJECT NO. 277.1602.12 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING PLAN John’s River Landfill Permit No. 12-03 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology .......................................................................................2 1.3 Regulatory Limits .............................................................................................................2 2.0 LANDFILL GAS MONITORING ...................................................................................2 2.1 Landfill Gas Monitoring Network ....................................................................................3 2.1.1 Existing Monitoring Network .................................................................................3 2.1.2 Historical Gas Monitoring Results..........................................................................3 2.1.3 Proposed Phases 2A and 4 of the C&D Expansion Facility ...................................4 2.2
    [Show full text]
  • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM DATE 1 November 2019 Reference No
    TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM DATE 1 November 2019 Reference No. 1777197-050-M-Rev0 TO State Resource Development Manager, Akina Holdings Pty Ltd CC Alan Kietzmann FROM Edward Clerk EMAIL [email protected] GREAT SOUTHERN LANDFILL GREENHOUSE GAS ASSESSMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION Alkina Holdings Pty Ltd proposes to construct and operate the Great Southern Landfill, located on Allawuna Farm lots 4869, 5931, 9926 and 26934 Great Southern Highway, St Ronans (approximately 80 km east of Perth). It is anticipated the landfill will receive 150,000 to 250,000 tonnes per annum of Class II or III waste, with a lifetime capacity of approximately 5.6 million cubic metres. The cells for the landfill will be developed in stages, with the construction of up to seven cells. This Technical Memorandum addresses the greenhouse gas requirements as outlined in Section 4 Item 1 of the Draft Environmental Scoping Document (ESD) issued by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). The work was conducted in accordance with Proposal 1777197-047-L-RevB dated 31 July 2019. 2.0 TERMINOLOGY 2.1 Greenhouse gases Greenhouse gas emissions contribute to the changing climate by absorbing infrared radiation and enhancing the Earth’s greenhouse effect. The effects of the changing climate are predicted to be significant in Western Australia, with a drying climate in the south-west, more frequent and severe storms in the north-west, and a rising sea level along the entire coastline. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) encourages proposal design, technology and operation that ensure emissions are minimised (EPA, 2016)1. 2.2 Landfill gas Landfills generate methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, when organic waste decay in anaerobic conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • MONITORING of LANDFILL GAS 11 33 Monitoring of Landfill Gas of Landfill Monitoring
    MONITORING OF LANDFILL GAS 11 33 Monitoring of Landfill Gas nvironmental health professionals are rarelyand required monitoring to plans design at and landfills, implementsuch but sampling plans. you In might addition, be you asked to might review need and to comment review on and interpret sampling and monitoring • Soil gas• monitoring Near surface• gas monitoring Emissions monitoring • Ambient air• monitoring Indoor air monitoring 4 Many different types of landfill gasual. sampling However, two approaches important exist—too factors many in toinclude selecting review the an in sampling appropriate this location landfill man- and gasmethods the sampling are sampling approach selected methods. according The to samplingsampling the location program. data and Some uses sampling examples and of questionsthe location, to box or be on placement, answered page of by 33. gas the monitors overall are described in Landfill Gas Sampling Approaches: An Overview E Table 4-1 presents a brief overview of theData key collected features from of these each different typehealth monitoring of implications. activities have monitoring. Following considerably an different overview of public reviews landfill the gas five types sampling of approaches, monitoring thiscan activities chapter be separately. used In to addition, help mathematicalsummary answer modeling of questions factors about to landfill consider emissions when data. reviewing This air chapter modeling presents results. a brief data, when available, to evaluate potentialchapter public provides health basic hazards. information To (e.g., makeequipment, monitoring such and program tasks data design, easier, interpretation) sampling this about andthat the monitoring you different are types most of likely landfill to gas encounter. samplingIt methods is important to rememberlevels that of monitoring contamination data to taken which atsome people landfills insight may do into be not either exposed.
    [Show full text]