A Large-Scale, Higher-Level, Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Insect Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies)
A Large-Scale, Higher-Level, Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Insect Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies) Jerome C. Regier1,2*, Charles Mitter2*, Andreas Zwick3, Adam L. Bazinet4, Michael P. Cummings4, Akito Y. Kawahara5, Jae-Cheon Sohn2, Derrick J. Zwickl6, Soowon Cho7, Donald R. Davis8, Joaquin Baixeras9, John Brown10, Cynthia Parr11, Susan Weller12, David C. Lees13, Kim T. Mitter2 1 Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Entomology, State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany, 4 Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America, 5 Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 6 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 7 Department of Plant Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea, 8 Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 9 Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 10 Systematic Entomology Lab, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America, 11 Encyclopedia of Life, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 12 Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 13 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, England Abstract Background: Higher-level relationships within the Lepidoptera, and particularly within the species-rich subclade Ditrysia, are generally not well understood, although recent studies have yielded progress.
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