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A Practical Guide to Designing, Planning, and Executing Citywide Slum Upgrading Programmes

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A Practical Guide to Designing, Planning, and Executing Citywide Slum Upgrading Programmes Today there are nearly one billion slum dwellers worldwide of a total world population of slightly under seven billion (UN, Department of Social and Economic Affairs, 2011). While 220 million people have been lifted out of slum conditions over the past 10 years, the number of people living in slum conditions is likely to grow by six million every year, to reach a total of 889 million by 2020. In order to address this, it is necessary to equip cities and their practitioners with the tools and capacities to anticipate and control urban growth. In this light, municipal staff will require knowledge, skills and methodologies that will allow them not only to upgrade existing slums but also prevent the appearance of new ones. This Guide, A Practical Guide to Designing, Planning and Executing Citywide Slum Upgrading Programmes, advocates for a citywide approach to slum upgrading. This approach represents a fundamental shift from piecemeal project interventions to a citywide programme approach. While singular projects are relatively limited in scope, scale, duration and geography, citywide programmes are longer in duration, broader in scope, and involve multiple settlements and simultaneous interventions. This Practical Guide is part of a trilogy on citywide slum upgrading that includes Streets as Tools for Urban Transformation in Slums: A Street-led Approach to Citywide Slum Upgrading and A Training Module for Designing and Implementing Citywide Slum Upgrading. Together, these publications present a UN-Habitat approach to slum upgrading, encouraging an approach that is both street-led and citywide. Along with the other two partner publications, this Practical Guide provides an accessible tool for practitioners, leading them through UN-Habitat steps towards a successful citywide slum-upgrading program. HS Number: HS/039/15E ISBN Number: (Volume) 978-92-1-132660-4 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND EXECUTING CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMMES UNITED NATIONS HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROGRAMME P.O.Box 30030,Nairobi 00100,Kenya; Tel: +254-20-76263120; Fax: +254-20-76234266/7 (central office); [email protected] A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND EXECUTING CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMMES A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND EXECUTING CITYWIDE SLUM UpgRADING PROGRAMMES PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMS All rights reserved Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme 2014 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) P. O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA Tel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unhabitat.org HS Number: HS/039/15E ISBN Number:(Volume) 978-92-1-132660-4 DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions, recommendations and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations, or its Member States. Information contained in this publication is provided without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purpose and non-infringement. UN-Habitat specifically does not make any warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any such data. Under no circumstances shall UN-Habitat be liable for any loss, damage, liability or expense incurred or suffered that is claimed to have resulted from the use of this publication, including, without limitation, any fault error, omission with respect thereto. The use of this publication is at the User’s sole risk. Under no circumstances, including, but not limited to negligence, shall UN-Habitat or its affiliates be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special or consequential damages, even if UN-Habitat has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This practical guide is closely associated with the strategy paper ‘Street-led Approach to Citywide Slum Upgrading’. A first version of this guide was presented and discussed during a public session involving many UN-Habitat staff. The final version of the publication went through many internal reviews, receiving suggestions and comments and was peer-reviewed by a number of external experts who provided useful advice and substantive suggestions. Katja Dietrich and Kerstin Sommer of UN-Habitat from the Slum Upgrading Unit provided useful comments. Peer Reviewers: Florian Steinberg (Asian Development Bank), Liliana Marulanda (Consultant, Colombia), Prabha Khosla (Development Consultant, Canada), Adriana Larangeira (Housing Secretariat of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro), Kwadwo Ohene Sarfoh (Institute of Local Government Studies, Ghana), Maria Marealle (Polytechnic University of Namibia), Sheela Patel (Sack Dwellers Internation). Principal Authors: Reinhard Skinner in collaboration with Matthew French, Claudio Acioly jr. and Jane Reid. Supervisor: Claudio Acioly Task Manager: Matthew French and Katja Dietrich Editors: Jane Reid, Matthew French and Claudio Acioly jr Design and Layout: Jinita Shah/UNON Cover Design © Jinita Shah/UNON Printing: UNON, Publishing Services Section, Nairobi, ISO 14001:2004 – certified. Job No: 14-01732/ 200 copies 2 3 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND EXECUTING CITYWIDE SLUM UpgRADING PROGRAMMES Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2 FOREWORD 7 CHAPTER 1: CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMMES – ADDRESSING SLUMS AT SCALE 8 1.1. SLUMS: FACTS AND FIGURES 9 1.2. WHAT ARE SLUMS? 10 1.3. WHAT APPROACHES HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO THE CHALLENGE OF SLUMS? 13 1.4. WHAT IS SLUM UPGRADING? 16 1.5. WHAT IS CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING (CWSU)? 20 CHAPTER 2: INITIATING A CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING PROGRAMME AND UNDERSTANDING THE CITY SLUM SITUATION 26 2.1. WHO WILL COORDINATE AND LEAD THE CWSU PROGRAMME? 27 2.2. STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 29 2.3. CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION AND CONSENSUS BUILDING 32 2.4. WHAT IS THE SITUATION? MAPPING THE CITY’S SLUMS 34 2.5. WHAT CAN BE DONE: AGREEING ON A PLAN FOR THE PROGRAMME 36 2.6. GETTING THE PROGRAMME PUBLICLY KNOWN 57 2.7. SUMMARY: KEY ISSUES FOR SUCCESSFUL CWSU 59 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP THE CWSU PROGRAMME 68 3.1. FEASIBILITY STUDIES 69 3.2. IDENTIFYING PARAMETERS FOR INTERVENTION: SELECTION OF PROGRAMME TYPE 75 3.3. DESIGN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT UNIT 78 3.4. PROGRAMME COORDINATION 78 3.5. PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES 80 3.6. SETTING (PROJECT) ELIGIBILITY AND SELECTION CRITERIA 80 3.7 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 81 3.8 FINANCIAL STRATEGY 85 3.9. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT 90 3.10. COMMUNICATIONS 92 CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECTS 96 4.1. SELECTING the Project Manager and ESTABLISHING the Project Management Team 97 4.2. ADAPTING THE CWSU STRATEGY TO THE PROJECT SITES 99 4.3. SETTLEMENT PROFILING 101 4.4. PLANNING AND DESIGN 105 4.5. IMPLEMENTATION 107 4.6. OPENING AND CLOSING PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES 110 CHAPTER 5: POST-IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING AND EVALUATION 114 5.1. POST-IMPLEMENTATION MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY 115 5.2. PROGRAMME MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) 119 4 CHAPTER 6: THE DO’S AND DON’TS OF CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING, SLUM UPGRADING CHECKLIST & QUICK GUIDE 128 6.1. THE DO’S AND DON’TS OF CITYWIDE SLUM UPGRADING 129 6.2. SLUM UPGRADING CHECKLIST 130 6.3. QUICK GUIDE 131 CHAPTER 7: CASE STUDIES OF GOOD PRACTICE 134 Country & CITY: DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA 135 KAMPUNG IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME, INDONESIA 137 FAVELA BAIRRO, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL 139 PRIMED: PROGRAMA INTEGRAL DE MEJORAMIENTO DE BARRIOS SUBNORMALES EN MEDELLÍN (PROGRAMME FOR THE INTEGRATED IMPROVEMENT OF SUB-NORMAL NEIGHBOURHOODS IN MEDELLIN) 140 BAAN MANKONG, THAILAND 143 CITIES WITHOUT SLUMS, MOROCCO 149 PARTICIPATORY SLUM UPGRADING PROJECT, ISMAILIA 152 CHAPTER 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY AND USEFUL WEBSITES 154 8.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 8.2. VIDEOS 161 8.3. USEFUL WEBSITES 161 ENDNOTES 163 5 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO DESIGNING, PLANNING, AND EXECUTING CITYWIDE SLUM UpgRADING PROGRAMMES 6 FOREWORD The appearance tips to practitioners and policy makers. This guidance of slums in cities becomes even more relevant as it is released in the all- has become important period when the international community is the physical discussing the post-2015 development agenda. manifestation of spontaneous This Practical Guide is an integral part of a trilogy urbanization, a on the topic that includes other UN-Habitat studies, phenomenon namely Streets as Tools for Urban Transformation that has proved in Slums: A Street-led Approach to Citywide Slum to be a current Upgrading and A Training Module for Designing and persistent and Implementing Citywide Slum Upgrading. These concern for urban publications together present a UN-Habitat approach practitioners to slum upgrading, encouraging an approach that is and policy both street-led and citywide. The trilogy unequivocally makers. Over the emphasizes the need for slum-upgrading programs past 50 years, to be synchronized with strategies such as National governments have implemented a variety of programs, Urban Policies and Planned City
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