10 Worst Nor'easters of All Time, Beginning with a Blizzard in the 1800S That Still Has People Talking
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Tyringham MA (Town Review 03-17-2021)
Town of Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Tyringham, Massachusetts Prepared by: GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. Prepared For: Local Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update The Town of Tyringham, Massachuses Prepared in accordance with the requirements presented in the FEMA Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide and the Local Mitigation Handbook March 10, 2021 Photo credit: Town of Tyringham (https://www.tyringham-ma.gov/) GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. Table of Contents Quick Plan Reference Guide Understanding Natural Hazard Risk p.3 Secon 1: Introducon P.5 Secon 2: Planning Process p.8 Secon 3: Community Profile Overview p.12 Secon 4: Natural Hazard Risk Profile P.19 Secon 5: Natural Hazard Migaon Strategies P.33 Secon 6: Regional and Intercommunity Consideraons P.35 Secon 7: Plan Adopon and Implementaon Aachments: 1: Community Profile Details 2: Natural Hazards 3: Natural Hazard Risk 4: FEMA HAZUS-MH Simulaon Results 5. Potenal State and Federal Funding Sources 6: Public Review Documentaon 7: References and Resources 8: Key Contacts Town of Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan INSERT IMAGE OF THE TOWN’S RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan GZA Town of Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan INSERT IMAGE OF FEMA’S APPROVAL LETTER Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan GZA Town of Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan QUICK PLAN REFERENCE GUIDE The following provides a Quick Reference Guide to the Town of Tyringham Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Update: STEP 1: UNDERSTAND THE PLANNING PROCESS Section 2 - Planning Process describes the planning process and identifies the members of the Local Planning Team (LPT) that participated in the Plan develop- ment. -
Killingworth, Connecticut Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
Killingworth, Connecticut Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Prepared for: Killingworth Board of Selectmen Adopted by: Town of Killingworth, Connecticut ______, 2013 Prepared by: Lower Connecticut River Valley Council of Governments 145 Dennison Rd. Essex, CT 06426 (860) 581-8554 www.rivercog.org Killingworth, CT On the Cover Photo 1: Road Washout on Route 80 after 1982 Flooding Source: Middletown Press Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan 2 Killingworth, CT TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PLANNING PROCESS 7 A. Authority (ELEMENT C) 7 B. Purpose & Benefits (ELEMENT 7 C. Plan Development (ELEMENTS A & D) 7 1. Funding & Technical Assistance (F) 8 2. Plan Preparation (A.1 & D.2) 9 3. Agency Comment (A.2) 9 4. Public Involvement (A.3) 10 5. Incorporation of Existing Resource Materials (A.4) 10 D. Plan Adoption (ELEMENT E) 11 E. Plan Implementation (ELEMENT D) 11 1. Priorities 11 2. Responsibilities 11 3. Resources (C.6) 11 F. Plan Maintenance (ELEMENT A) 13 1. Maintenance Method (A.5) 13 2. Maintenance Update Schedule (A.6) 14 Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan 3 Killingworth, CT II. RISK ASSESSMENT & HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 17 A. The Town & the Vulnerability of its Resources (ELEMENT B) 17 1. Geography and Land Use Patterns 17 2. Demographics and Critical Facilities 19 3. Economics and Cultural Resources 25 4. The Environment and Ecological Resources 26 B. Natural Hazards (ELEMENTS B & C) 29 1. Flooding (B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4 and C.2) 32 2. Dam Failure (B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4 and C.2) 41 3. High Wind & Tornado (B.1, B.2, B.3, B.4 and C.3) 45 4. -
Safety Rules Are Intended to Assist in That Goal
NOAA’s Weather-Ready Nation is about building community resilience in the face of extreme weather and water events. Part of being weather-ready is being prepared for whatever mother nature happens to throw our way. The accompanying safety rules are intended to assist in that goal. You can find more information on NOAA’s Weather- Ready Nation webpage at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/. Blizzard Although less frequent in our part of the country, blizzard or near-blizzard conditions can catch motorists off-guard. If you become trapped in your automobile… (1) Avoid overexertion and exposure. Attempting to push your car, shovel heavy drifts, and other difficult chores during a blizzard may cause a heart attack even for someone in apparently good physical condition. (2) Stay in your vehicle. Do not attempt to walk out of a blizzard. Disorientation comes quickly in blowing and drifting snow. You are more likely to be found when sheltered in your car. (3) Keep fresh air in your car. Freezing wet snow and wind-driven snow can completely seal the passenger compartment. (4) Run the motor and heater sparingly, and only with the downwind window cracked for ventilation to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. Make sure the tailpipe is unobstructed. (5) Exercise by clapping hands and moving arms and legs vigorously from time to time, and do not stay in one position for long. (6) Turn on the dome light at night. It can make your vehicle visible to work crews. (7) Keep watch. Do not allow all occupants of the car to sleep at once. -
Press Releases
About Us > Press Releases FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE December 6, 2012 CONTACT: Marc La Vorgna / Lauren Passalacqua (Mayor's Office) - (212) 788-2958 Rachaele Raynoff (City Planning) - (212) 720-3471 MAYOR BLOOMBERG DELIVERS ADDRESS ON SHAPING NEW YORK CITY’S FUTURE AFTER HURRICANE SANDY The following are Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg’s remarks as delivered this morning at the New York Marriott Downtown: “Well good morning, everyone. Mr. Vice President, thank you. Your leadership and vision has helped inspire action on climate change, not just here in the United States, but by cities and countries and consumers around the world. “No one, I think, has done more to raise the public consciousness of this issue or to press for change on an international stage. And I want to thank you for coming here and lending your voice to our efforts to prepare New York City for the new realities that we face. “I do remember when we were up on a roof. For those of you that don’t realize what we’re talking about, if you paint your roofs white it reflects the sun, and in a five-story building it reduces the total energy needs of that building – because in the summer it costs a lot to air condition – by something like a quarter. “It is an amazing thing, and the next time you take off from LaGuardia or from Kennedy, if you get lucky and the plane banks over New York City you’ll be shocked at the percentage of roofs that today are white. It’s got to be something north of 80 percent. -
The 1993 Superstorm: 15-Year Retrospective
THE 1993 SUPERSTORM: 15-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE RMS Special Report INTRODUCTION From March 12–14, 1993, a powerful extra-tropical storm descended upon the eastern half of the United States, causing widespread damage from the Gulf Coast to Maine. Spawning tornadoes in Florida and causing record snowfalls across the Appalachian Mountains and Mid-Atlantic states, the storm produced hurricane-force winds and extremely low temperatures throughout the region. Due to the intensity and size of the storm, as well as its far-reaching impacts, it is widely acknowledged in the United States as the ―1993 Superstorm‖ or ―Storm of the Century.‖ During the storm’s formation, the National Weather Service (NWS) issued storm and blizzard warnings two days in advance, allowing the 100 million individuals who were potentially in the storm’s path to prepare. This was the first time the NWS had ever forecast a storm of this magnitude. Yet in spite of the forecasting efforts, about 100 deaths were directly attributed to the storm (NWS, 1994). The storm also caused considerable damage and disruption across the impacted region, leading to the closure of every major airport in the eastern U.S. at one time or another during its duration. Heavy snowfall caused roofs to collapse in Georgia, and the storm left many individuals in the Appalachian Mountains stranded without power. Many others in urban centers were subject to record low temperatures, including -11°F (-24°C) in Syracuse, New York. Overall, economic losses due to wind, ice, snow, freezing temperatures, and tornado damage totaled between $5-6 billion at the time of the event (Lott et al., 2007) with insured losses of close to $2 billion. -
Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region
Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series 2010 Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha The Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series is a medium for sharing recent research commissioned to inform the Arab Human Development Report, and fur- ther research in the field of human development. The AHDR Research Paper Series is a quick-disseminating, informal publication whose titles could subsequently be revised for publication as articles in professional journals or chapters in books. The authors include leading academics and practitioners from the Arab countries and around the world. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are strictly those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNDP or United Nations Member States. The present paper was authored by Balgis Osman Elasha. * * * Balgis Osman-Elasha is a Climate Change Adaptation Expert at the African Development Bank. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree (with Honours) and a Doctorate in Forestry Science, and a Master’s Degree in Environmental Science. She has extensive experience in climate change research, with a focus on the human dimensions of global environmental change (GEC) and sustainable development. She is a winner of the UNEP Champions of the Earth award, 2008, and a member of the IPCC Lead Authors Nobel Peace Prize winners in 2007. -
Port Recovery in the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy VOICES Improving Port Resiliency in the Era of Climate Change from the FIELD
AUGUST 2014 Port Recovery in the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy VOICES Improving Port Resiliency in the Era of Climate Change FROM THE FIELD By Commander Linda A. Sturgis, USCG; Dr. Tiffany C. Smythe and Captain Andrew E. Tucci, USCG Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the New York and New Jersey Port community, first responders and dedicated volun- teers who selflessly helped so many people and saved numerous lives in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Dr. Smythe’s research on Hurricane Sandy was supported in part through the University of Colorado Natural Hazards Center’s Quick Response Grant Program, funded by National Science Foundation grant CMMI 1030670. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not represent the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security or the U.S. government. Cover Image The U.S. Coast Guard fuel pier and shore side facilities in Bayonne, New Jersey were severely damaged from Hurricane Sandy’s storm surge. (U.S. COAST GUARD) AUGUST 2014 Port Recovery in the Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy Improving Port Resiliency in the Era of Climate Change By Commander Linda A. Sturgis, USCG; Dr. Tiffany C. Smythe and Captain Andrew E. Tucci, USCG About the Authors Commander Linda A. Sturgis is a Senior Military Fellow at Captain Andrew E. Tucci is the Chief of the Office the Center for a New American Security. She led the Hurricane of Port and Facility Compliance at Coast Guard Sandy port recovery effort during her assignment at Coast Headquarters in Washington DC. -
Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Strategy
Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Task Force HURRICANE SANDY REBUILDING STRATEGY Stronger Communities, A Resilient Region August 2013 HURRICANE SANDY REBUILDING STRATEGY Stronger Communities, A Resilient Region Presented to the President of the United States August 2013 Front and Back Cover (Background Photo) Credits: (Front Cover) Hurricane Sandy Approach - NOAA/NASA (Back Cover) Hurricane Sandy Approach - NOAA/NASA Cover (4-Photo Banner) Credits - Left to Right: Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey - FEMA/ Rosanna Arias Liberty Island, New York - FEMA/Kenneth Wilsey Seaside Heights, New Jersey - FEMA/Sharon Karr Seaside Park, New Jersey - FEMA/Rosanna Arias Hurricane Sandy Letter from the Chair Rebuilding Strategy LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Last October, Hurricane Sandy struck the East Coast with incredible power and fury, wreaking havoc in communities across the region. Entire neighborhoods were flooded. Families lost their homes. Businesses were destroyed. Infrastructure was torn apart. After all the damage was done, it was clear that the region faced a long, hard road back. That is why President Obama pledged to work with local partners every step of the way to help affected communities rebuild and recover. In recent years, the Federal Government has made great strides in preparing for and responding to natural disasters. In the case of Sandy, we had vast resources in place before the storm struck, allowing us to quickly organize a massive, multi-agency, multi-state, coordinated response. To ensure a full recovery, the President joined with State and local leaders to fight for a $50 billion relief package. The Task Force and the entire Obama Administration has worked tirelessly to ensure that these funds are getting to those who need them most – and quickly. -
ESSENTIALS of METEOROLOGY (7Th Ed.) GLOSSARY
ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY (7th ed.) GLOSSARY Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles (dust, smoke, etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal, produce sulfate aerosols. Air density The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by it. Air density is usually expressed as g/cm3 or kg/m3. Also See Density. Air pressure The pressure exerted by the mass of air above a given point, usually expressed in millibars (mb), inches of (atmospheric mercury (Hg) or in hectopascals (hPa). pressure) Atmosphere The envelope of gases that surround a planet and are held to it by the planet's gravitational attraction. The earth's atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide (CO2) A colorless, odorless gas whose concentration is about 0.039 percent (390 ppm) in a volume of air near sea level. It is a selective absorber of infrared radiation and, consequently, it is important in the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect. Solid CO2 is called dry ice. Climate The accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events over a long period of time. Front The transition zone between two distinct air masses. Hurricane A tropical cyclone having winds in excess of 64 knots (74 mi/hr). Ionosphere An electrified region of the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist. Lapse rate The rate at which an atmospheric variable (usually temperature) decreases with height. (See Environmental lapse rate.) Mesosphere The atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. -
Town of Kent Hazard Mitigation Plan
TOWN OF KENT HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN DECEMBER 2014 MMI #3843-04 Prepared for the: TOWN OF KENT, CONNECTICUT Kent Town Hall 41 Kent Green Boulevard Kent, Connecticut (860) 927-3433 www.townofkentct.com Prepared by: MILONE & MACBROOM, INC. 99 Realty Drive Cheshire, Connecticut 06410 (203) 271-1773 www.miloneandmacbroom.com The preparation of this report has been financed in part through funds provided by the Connecticut Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection (DESPP) Division of Emergency Management and Homeland Security (DEMHS) under a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The contents of this report reflect the views of the Town of Kent and do not necessarily reflect the official views of DEMHS. The report does not constitute a specification or regulation. Copyright 2014 Milone & MacBroom, Inc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & CONTACT INFORMATION This plan was prepared under the direction of the Town of Kent. The following individual should be contacted with questions or comments regarding the plan: Mr. Bruce Adams First Selectman Town of Kent 41 Kent Green Boulevard Kent, CT 06757 (860) 927-4627 This Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan could not have been completed without the time and dedication of the following individuals at the local level: Mr. Rick Osborne, Highway Department Mr. Bruce Adams, First Selectman The consulting firm of Milone & MacBroom, Inc. (MMI) prepared the subject plan. The following individuals at MMI may be contacted prior to plan adoption with questions or comments using the contact information on the title page or the electronic mail addresses below: Mr. David Murphy, P.E., CFM Associate, Water Resources [email protected] Copyright 2014 Milone & MacBroom, Inc. -
Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
Severe Weather
Juniata County Appendix C Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Hazard Profiles Severe Weather General Severe weather affects the entire Commonwealth and can be expected any time of the year. Severe weather for Juniata County is considered to include: blizzards and/or heavy snowfall, heavy fog, hail, heavy precipitation (rain), high winds, ice storms, unseasonable temperature extremes, hurricanes, and severe thunderstorms. (Tornados will be discussed in a separate profile.) Snowstorms occur approximately five times per year. These storms are more prevalent in the northern and western regions of Pennsylvania and include ice and high wind. They are frequently seen in Juniata County. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and windstorms occur in Juniata County in the spring and summer. Most hurricanes that approach Juniata County are downgraded to tropical storms or tropical depressions by the time they reach central Pennsylvania. Heavy rain and flooding produced by a hurricane, tropical storm, or tropical depression will have the greatest impact on the County. Extreme temperatures can be devastating to any area. Extreme heat can cause sunburn, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat/sun stroke. Likewise, extreme cold can cause hypothermia and frost bite. History Juniata County, as well as the entire Commonwealth, is vulnerable to a wide range of natural disasters. Typically, these disasters are caused by severe weather. A summary of disaster declarations from severe weather that affected Juniata County can be seen below. Disaster Declarations