E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 164 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 31, 2018 No. 129 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was appoint the Honorable CINDY HYDE-SMITH, a front all of this in order to keep all of called to order by the Honorable CINDY Senator from the State of Mississippi, to per- us safe. This is hardly a controversial HYDE-SMITH, a Senator from the State form the duties of the Chair. mission; it is essential. We are lucky of Mississippi. ORRIN G. HATCH, these agents are willing to serve. The President pro tempore. f Nation is better off for it. So I wanted Mrs. HYDE-SMITH thereupon as- to pay these agents a visit in Louisville PRAYER sumed the Chair as Acting President and thank them firsthand for their pro tempore. The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- work. fered the following prayer: f Recently, they have fallen into the Let us pray. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME crosshairs of some extremely vocal, Sovereign Lord of the Universe, we far-left special interest groups, groups The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pray today for our lawmakers. Use that explicitly say—now get this; this pore. Under the previous order, the them for Your glory, providing them is what they say—that our Nation leadership time is reserved. with wisdom to live with integrity would be better off with no borders and through their labors. Enable them to f no immigration laws of any kind. That is what these people advocate. They live, trusting in the unfolding of Your RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY are slandering ICE agents. They are providence. Lord, inspire our Senators LEADER to glorify You, doing justly, loving calling the agency ‘‘an unaccountable mercy, and walking humbly on the The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- strike force executing a campaign of path You have chosen. Keep them in pore. The majority leader is recog- ethnic cleansing’’ and even ‘‘a genuine the circle of Your unfolding provi- nized. threat to democracy.’’ That is what dence. May they find delight in doing f they are calling ICE agents. According Your will as You remove from their to these leftwing groups, the threat to IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS democracy is not the violent criminals lives the barriers of fear, hatred, and ENFORCEMENT strife. Help them to seek more fully to who are illegally present in our coun- resemble the Prince of Peace. Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, try but, rather, the brave law enforce- We pray in Your Holy Name. Amen. I want to take a few moments to dis- ment officers who volunteer to take cuss the brave men and women who them on. f serve in U.S. Immigration and Customs Well, fringe political movements are PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Enforcement. nothing new. You can find a few Ameri- I had the privilege of visiting the ICE The Presiding Officer led the Pledge cans who will argue almost any side of office in my hometown of Louisville of Allegiance, as follows: any issue. What is new—what does get this past Friday and of meeting with my attention—is when prominent, I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the these agents in person. United States of America, and to the Repub- leading Democratic politicians, includ- lic for which it stands, one nation under God, This is a Federal agency that was ing a number of our colleagues right indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. created following the attacks of Sep- here in the Senate, adopt some of these tember 11, 2001. It is responsible for extremist views wholesale and let the f several key aspects of our homeland se- far-left talking points form the basis of APPOINTMENT OF ACTING curity: enforcing our immigration their own policy positions. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE laws, combating terrorism, and pre- The junior Senator from New York venting people and goods from moving The PRESIDING OFFICER. The said recently that if Democrats regain illegally throughout our country. Its clerk will please read a communication the House and Senate, the first thing record on these vital missions is stag- to the Senate from the President pro they should do is ‘‘get rid of ICE.’’ gering. In fiscal year 2017, ICE recorded The senior Senator from Massachu- tempore (Mr. HATCH). more than 105,000 arrests of aliens with The senior assistant legislative clerk setts pointed to ‘‘replacing ICE’’ as the known criminal convictions on their read the following letter: first priority of a top-to-bottom rebuild records—nearly 4,600 convictions for of America’s immigration system. U.S. SENATE, robbery, more than 3,700 for sexual as- The mayor of New York City calls PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, DC, July 31, 2018. sault, and more than 1,500 for homi- the agency ‘‘no longer acceptable.’’ To the Senate: cide. A Member of the U.S. House of Rep- Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, We are talking about the men and resentatives likened it to—get this— of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby women in law enforcement who con- ‘‘the Gestapo of the United States.’’

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.000 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 The gestapo of the United States? I am ning to add new positions and invest in record? What are they so afraid of that really not sure where to begin in re- new equipment to meet growing de- they tie themselves in knots—into a sponding to this foaming hysteria. mand. In the words of the company’s pretzel—to contradict everything they It is one thing for a few protesters president, ‘‘We had a number of stood for when they were in the minor- and Socialist hecklers who want open projects that were seen as something ity? borders and the elimination of all im- we could consider doing down the road, Today, every Democrat on the Judi- migration laws to adopt a slogan as but because of tax reform, it’s possible ciary Committee has joined Ranking silly and ill-considered as ‘‘abolish to reinvest in the plant and in new Member FEINSTEIN in making a formal ICE,’’ but it is something else entirely equipment now.’’ request of the National Archives to when U.S. Senators are so eager to In Ashland, Braidy Industries expects provide the exact same universe of doc- please these leftwing extremists that to support 1,000 construction jobs as it uments provided during the confirma- they join that chorus—join in deni- constructs a new state-of-the-art man- tion of Justice Kagan. When I say the grating the men and women of U.S. law ufacturing facility and then 600 perma- same request, I mean the exact same enforcement. This is the moment we nent jobs. It broke ground in June. request. are in—that of leading Democrats’ tak- Not a single one of our colleagues The Judiciary Committee has up- ing cues from the open-borders Social- across the aisle voted in support of this dated the letter to refer to Judge ist crowd and proposing to eliminate historic tax reform that is helping to Kavanaugh, but in every other way it the very agency that enforces Federal make these developments possible. For is identical to the request that Demo- immigration laws within the interior them, these data are telling an incon- crats and Republicans made for Justice of our country. Talk about a political venient truth, and the inconvenient Kagan that Republicans insisted on stunt. truth is this: The rest of America is not when she was nominated by President The American people want nothing hiding from these numbers. Americans Obama. to do with these dangerous antics. My are benefiting from these numbers. We By the way, it was Senate Repub- neighbors and constituents in Ken- are celebrating them and all of the life- licans who insisted on this standard tucky certainly don’t. So my fellow changing job opportunities, wage during previous confirmations. Demo- Republicans and I will continue to growth, and small business expansions crats, even though our nominee might proudly stand with ICE, stand with the they represent. be exposed, agreed because we believed rule of law, and stand with all of the I suggest the absence of a quorum. in openness, and we are not hypo- American families who would rather The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- critical in saying that it is only good have fewer drugs and less crime in the pore. The clerk will call the roll. when we are in charge, not when you communities in which they are raising The senior assistant legislative clerk are in charge. We believe it works both their children. proceeded to call the roll. ways. f Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I Ranking Member FEINSTEIN has made ask unanimous consent that the order it clear that we don’t need or want ECONOMIC GROWTH for the quorum call be rescinded. every single scrap of paper from Judge Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Kavanaugh’s time as Staff Secretary, now on another matter, we learned last pore. Without objection, it is so or- but to review none—none—of the nomi- week that second-quarter real GDP dered. nee’s records for most of his senior role growth exceeded 4 percent. That is the f in the White House is an act of what best quarterly growth rate in 4 years might be called willful opacity. That is and one of the strongest reports since RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY why we are not following very sensible, the great recession. LEADER bipartisan precedent now. Earlier this month, we learned that The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- Judge Kavanaugh himself has said new claims for unemployment insur- pore. The Democratic leader is recog- that his time as Staff Secretary was es- ance recently reached the lowest level nized. pecially useful to him as a judge and since—listen to this—1969 and that the f that his time in the White House made number of continuing claims, week to him a better interpreter of statutes. I NOMINATION OF BRETT week, is lower than it has been at any hope that the National Archives will KAVANAUGH point since 1973. Let me say that an- understand the dilemma we are in and other way. Notwithstanding almost Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, the unusual circumstance we are in, half a century of population growth, the Senate has a duty and a responsi- and, ultimately, I hope my Republican fewer Americans are applying for new bility to methodically review a Su- colleagues will understand and that unemployment benefits today than has preme Court nominee’s record. That is both the Archives, either on its own or ever been the case since just a few why, in past years, the Senate has sent with Republican acquiescence, will months after Apollo 11 landed on the bipartisan letters—bipartisan—to the make the right decision in the inter- Moon. The last time this few number of National Archives and Presidential li- ests of transparency, consistency, and Americans continued to receive unem- braries requesting the necessary infor- fairness. To do otherwise is to forsake ployment week to week was when mation on a nominee. Democrats and the Senate’s constitutional duty to Richard Nixon was President. No won- Republicans agreed that however we provide advice and consent on this sur- der analysts are heaping praise on this would ultimately vote, transparency passingly important nomination. economy. The Wall Street Journal and openness were principles we all f noted last week that recent reports in- shared. dicate ‘‘underlying strength that could It appears that bipartisan tradition REPUBLICAN TAX BILL tee up one of the best years in the cur- has been tossed aside. It was fine for Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, on rent expansion.’’ our Republican friends when they were another subject, taxes, President Back in March, my home State of in the minority and President Obama Trump and congressional Republicans Kentucky joined a list of 14 States that nominated candidates to the Supreme promised working America the Moon have reached the lowest unemployment Court. But the double standard is glar- and the stars with their tax bill. Presi- rates in recorded history since this ing, enormous, and detrimental to dent Trump said that it would create united Republican government has America. ‘‘a middle-class miracle’’ and that ev- been in office. Never before on record Now the Republican majority has eryone would get a $4,000 raise. Re- has Kentucky’s unemployment rate cast aside Democratic wishes for open- member that? President Trump prom- dropped as low as 4 percent. ness and transparency and has made a ised the American people that these Already in 2018, an estimated 14,000 partisan request for only a small sub- tax cuts for the wealthy would trickle Kentuckians have found jobs at busi- set of Judge Kavanaugh’s records. It is down—or torrent down—and everyone nesses of all shapes and sizes. such a break from precedent that we would get a $4,000 raise. If we asked Glier’s Meats, in Covington, an- have to wonder: What are the Repub- Americans from one end of the country nounced that the company was plan- licans hiding about Judge Kavanaugh’s to the other to tell us by raising their

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.002 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5465 hands how many of them got a $4,000 within the next month. That is Amer- a minute or two from now, I will be raise, maybe the top 1 percent would— ican taxpayer money, President joining several of my colleagues to maybe the top 2 percent—but not most Trump. That is the money you are tak- talk about an issue we have been wor- Americans. ing from the American people and giv- ried about for quite a while—ghost Wages are virtually stagnant. The ing to the wealthiest of the American guns. Over the past several years, 3D promises the President made have not people. The Republican tax bill is rob- printing technology has advanced to materialized. And when we measure bing the American Treasury to pad the the point where anyone with an inter- wages against costs of everyday liv- pockets of wealthy executives and the net connection is now able to print ing—in other words, buying power, how richest Americans. guns at home. much of a raise you get versus how Now, if that wasn’t bad enough, lis- A court order has barred companies much things cost—the Bureau of Labor ten to what they want to do now. It from posting plans to print guns, but a Statistics found that year over year, was reported in yesterday’s newspaper, few weeks ago, inexplicably, the Trump hourly earnings have dropped by 1 per- the administration is considering doing administration settled with gun activ- cent. In other words, the American an end-run around Congress to give an- ists to allow them to post detailed in- consumer—the average middle-class other $100 billion tax cut mainly to the structions, plans, files, and 3D draw- person, even with this tax cut—has less wealthy by cutting taxes on capital ings of weapons on the internet, and buying power today than they had last gains. The economy is already running this starts tomorrow. So, starting to- year. President Trump and Republicans hot on the artificial sweetener of tax morrow, all you need is a little promised a $4,000 raise, but average cuts and deficit spending. Another $100 money—a couple hundred bucks—and hourly earnings’ buying power—the billion in tax cuts for the rich isn’t just you can download a print from the ability to live a decent life—for far too more gasoline on the fire; it is an in- internet to make a gun at home. No many Americans has gone down. Talk cendiary device. background check, no criminal history about a sleight of hand. Talk about an At a time when the deficit is out of check, no certification that the person exaggerated—if not dishonest—prom- control, at a time when wages are flat, isn’t adjudicated mentally ill or has ise. There it is. at a time when the wealthiest are the intent to harm. Even terrorists While average working Americans doing better than ever, to give the top could avail themselves of this tech- continue to struggle to keep their 1 percent another big advantage is out- nology to print an unlimited amount of heads above water, corporations and rageous. It shows the Republicans’ true home weapons. According to the New the wealthy are having a bonanza colors: tax cuts for corporations and York Post, more than 1,000 people have thanks to the Republican tax bill. As the wealthy, empty promises for every- downloaded plans to make AR-style, the President himself tweeted this one else. 3D-printed guns, and the ban hasn’t morning, the tax bill made the Koch f even been lifted yet. The idea of these print-on-command brothers and almost every multi- NORTH KOREA millionaire richer at a time when they ghost guns is as scary as they sound. Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, on are doing great. We don’t begrudge We should be doing everything in our North Korea, last night, we received power to make sure this doesn’t hap- that people are wealthy and doing well, news that North Korea has been con- but the middle class needed this tax pen. These guns can go through metal tinuing work at a missile facility north detectors, stadiums, and airports: No break far more than the rich, even of its capital. Previous satellite images though the rich had political power metal; they are made of plastic only. have shown work ongoing at two other Out of the blue this morning, Presi- over our Republican friends—and when missile sites in the country. dent Trump tweeted he was looking the wealthiest lobbyists and big, pow- Clearly, North Korea is not sus- into the matter, months after his own erful corporations say jump, our Re- pending, let alone winding down, its administration caused the problem by publican friends say how high, ignoring nuclear missile programs. Yet, shortly settling with gun activists and allow- the middle class. So in the Trump after President Trump met with Chair- ing it to happen. From 2010 to 2017, you economy, big, wealthy corporations are man Kim in Singapore, President couldn’t do this. There was an inter- cashing in, the top 1 percent are doing Trump said North Korea was ‘‘no national agreement. The Trump admin- great, and American workers are fall- longer a nuclear threat’’ to the United istration, because gun activists were ing behind. States. The juxtaposition of President pushing, said go ahead and do it. Listen to this. Already this year, cor- Trump’s rhetoric and the facts on the Now, a day before this happens, porations have dedicated over $600 bil- ground are jarring. It would be funny if President Trump is saying he will look lion—now approaching $700 billion—to it wasn’t so sad. into the matter—although he said he corporate share buybacks and debt re- President Trump explains out of no- would consult the NRA. Hardly the purchasing programs, goosing their where that the nuclear threat is over, great advocates of gun safety in Amer- stock price but doing little to help and North Korea is building more mis- ica. I wish President Trump had looked workers. That is a record pace. These siles that reportedly can reach all of into this matter months ago—or even buybacks help the CEOs and wealthy the United States instead of just the last week—and urged the Justice De- shareholders but do nothing for the West Coast. North Korea’s nuclear pro- partment and the State Department middle class. gram remains a grave threat to the re- not to reach the settlement in the first There is also a new, troubling pat- gion and the United States. President place. It is another example—of so tern being brought to light of cor- Trump can’t wish it away. He can’t many—of the President showing up on porate executives selling off stocks place fantasy next to reality. North the scene a day late and a dollar short shortly after the stock price has been Korea will not give up its nuclear pro- to address a problem his own adminis- inflated. So they do the buyback, then gram simply because President Trump tration has created. The President’s they sell the stock and cash in. Here is wants them to. Now, we are all rooting tweet this morning gets to the basic in- the pattern: The Republican tax bill for diplomacy to succeed, but if Presi- competence of this administration: The gave American corporations a mam- dent Trump is going to make progress left hand doesn’t know what the right moth tax cut; American corporations toward the complete, verifiable, and ir- hand is doing, and it has real impor- use some of those newfound profits to reversible denuclearization of North tant consequences for the safety of the buy back and inflate the value of their Korea, he needs to grapple with the re- American people. own stock; executives of those compa- ality of the situation, not be in a I look forward to joining my col- nies then turn around and sell the dream world where he thinks his rhet- leagues to talk more about this issue stock at a higher price to pad their oric is reality, when it doesn’t match and what Congress can do about it. pockets. the dangerous reality on the ground. I yield the floor. SEC Commissioner Robert Jackson f I suggest the absence of a quorum. studied nearly 400 examples of stock The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- buybacks since the beginning of 2017 3D GUNS pore. The clerk will call the roll. and found that after half of them— Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, fi- The senior assistant legislative clerk half—at least one executive sold shares nally, on 3D guns, in a short time, just proceeded to call the roll.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.003 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask a few weeks ago. That is when the these tax returns and transparency and unanimous consent that the order for President traveled through Europe for accountability, just as we have seen the quorum call be rescinded. what should have been routine meet- decade after decade, will not get a vote, The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KEN- ings with our longstanding allies. In- but I intend to keep calling up this leg- NEDY). Without objection, it is so or- stead, the President attacked our clos- islation for a full debate. I simply be- dered. est allies and put on a performance, lieve this issue is too important to ig- f while standing next to Vladimir Putin, nore. that few will soon forget. With a hos- There is a reason we have had this CONCLUSION OF MORNING tradition for four decades. This is the BUSINESS tile dictator at his side, the President said that the United States was ‘‘fool- lowest ethical bar for a President. It is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning ish,’’ and he threw our intelligence offi- not a high one. It is the lowest ethical business is closed. cials under the bus and refused once bar, and it is not being followed. Mem- f again to accept the conclusion that bers on both sides ought to be inter- EXECUTIVE SESSION Russia interfered with our 2016 elec- ested in protecting good-government, tion. The cleanup he tried to do a few pro-transparency traditions that days later, in my view, was laughable stretch back decades. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR at best. What a lot of people have wondered The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Following that meeting in Helsinki, is, why is legislation necessary here? I the previous order, the Senate will pro- people across the Nation were left to had held off for months in 2016 even ceed to executive session and resume wonder: Does Vladimir Putin have talking about requiring this by legisla- tion. I had just hoped that then-Can- consideration of the following nomina- something on the President? Does the didate Trump would have done volun- tion, which the clerk will report. President simply prefer dictators and The legislative clerk read the nomi- strongmen to democratically elected tarily what everybody else had done for nation of Britt Cagle Grant, of Georgia, leaders, or does Putin have information four decades. When it was clear he to be United States Circuit Judge for or financial influence that he is ex- wouldn’t, I had said I didn’t know of the Eleventh Circuit. ploiting? any other path to get the transparency The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- There was also the mystery of why and accountability the American peo- ator from Oregon. this administration, which seems to ple deserve other than through legisla- tion like this. PRESIDENTIAL TAX TRANSPARENCY stumble from decision to decision, Nobody in Congress ought to be in LEGISLATION sprang into action to save ZTE—a com- Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, the Sen- pany that is a Chinese serial sanctions favor of keeping the American people ate is approaching the end of the de- violator and a tech company that the in the dark about what is motivating bate on a significant piece of spending experts will tell you is a threat to our the President’s decision, and certainly all of us ought to be concerned about legislation that includes funding for national security. In an open hearing protecting against corruption. Helping the Internal Revenue Service. That is of the Intelligence Committee and in Russia undermine NATO and letting why I have come to the floor this response to my question, Mr. sanctions violators—repeat sanctions morning to discuss one of my amend- Evanina—the new point person for the violators—off the hook puts American ments to this legislation, which is whole question of counterintelligence interests in danger. based on a bill that I have authored, and counterterror—said that he still The public has a right to know the entitled the Presidential Tax Trans- regarded ZTE as an espionage threat. truth of what is behind those decisions. For all of the President’s tough talk parency Act. Certainly, a part of being able to make It is long past time for the Presi- about enforcing sanctions on countries those judgments is having the chance— dent’s tax returns to be released to the that pose a threat to Americans, let- the opportunity—as we have seen for American people. This President has, ting ZTE off the hook after it violated four decades, to see the President’s tax in effect, thrown in the trash can a bi- sanctions against Iran and North Korea returns. partisan, 40-year, pro-transparency tra- is just baffling. It certainly shows signs I yield the floor. dition in his having refused to release of weakness. The timing also raised I suggest the absence of a quorum. his tax returns in the course of the 2016 eyebrows, as the ZTE deal came right The PRESIDING OFFICER. The election. This had been a tradition ac- after the Trump family secured valu- clerk will call the roll. cepted by all liberals and conservatives able trademarks, and a Trump project The bill clerk proceeded to call the across the political spectrum that had in Indonesia got a $500 million loan roll. dated back to the post-Watergate era. from a Chinese state-owned company. Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask The President has ended it for reasons These looming questions are yet an- unanimous consent that the order for as flimsy as you can get—a made-up other reason the American people the quorum call be rescinded. story about the President’s claim that should not be asked to wait any longer The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. you can’t release your returns in the for a chance to see what every other CRUZ). Without objection, it is so or- course of an audit. President has offered in the last four dered. Yet now it is not just a matter of the decades—his tax returns. The Amer- NEW HOPE ACT President’s destroying a four-decades’, ican people deserve to see those returns Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, last good-government campaign tradition. and see if some of the ‘‘almost impos- week the House passed an important Week after week, month after month, sible to explain’’ Presidential judg- piece of legislation, the reauthoriza- there are more questions that swirl ments over the last few weeks have tion of the Perkins Act. It was sent to about with respect to financial ties been due to what may be in those re- the President’s desk for his signature that might skew the President’s deci- turns. and, once that happens today, it will sion-making about new foreign deals So let’s be clear. The financial ties become the law of the land. The Trump Organization continues to between the President, The Trump Or- I want to take just a moment to talk strike that violate the promises the ganization, and Russia could be well about part of it because it has huge im- President made to the American peo- hidden deep within the Trump web of plications for my State and the United ple—about foreign cash coming into his business entities. Releasing the tax re- States. It is called the New HOPE Act, properties here in the United States; turns, at least, is a start with respect and it builds on other steps we have about the astronomical amount of cash to accountability and transparency in taken recently to strengthen our Na- taxpayers spend to fund the President’s the long-held tradition Presidents have tion’s economy. Specifically, it deals many visits to Trump-branded prop- followed. with this phenomenon of occupational erties, essentially forcing the Amer- Unfortunately, for the interests of licensing. ican people to finance Trump resort ad the American people, debate on the State licensing mandates require campaigns. legislation before us has now been cut men and women to pay fees, complete The episode that left more jaws on off. That means that my amendment, training programs, and pass exams be- the floor than perhaps any other came which would call for the disclosure of fore they can enter certain jobs and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.006 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5467 professions, but many of these licens- course, was the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Constitution and laws as they are written ing requirements are simply protec- which we passed last year and which and not as we might wish they were written, tionism. They do nothing to protect has had transformative effects. So I am we too believe in a Constitution that lives and endures and in statutes that live and en- consumers or ensure the public safety. optimistic that legislation like the Tax dure. But we believe that changes to the They simply protect the incumbents’ Cuts and Jobs Act will continue to Constitution and laws are to be made by the interests and erect large barriers to allow getting out of the way of the peo- people through the amendment process and, entry. They make it more difficult for ple who are creating opportunity and where appropriate, through the legislative new folks to learn and practice new growing the economy and wages and process—not by the courts snatching that trades and preserve exclusive access to take-home pay. constitutional or legislative authority for those who have the means and the time I yield the floor. themselves. necessary to jump through all the pro- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- In short, if there is one thing the cedural and financial hoops. ator from South Dakota. American people can count on, it is Existing licensing rules perpetuate NOMINATION OF BRETT KAVANAUGH that Judge Kavanaugh will uphold the the status quo and stifle new talent. Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, the con- Constitution, even when he doesn’t like Oftentimes, they are totally unneces- firmation process for Judge Kavanaugh the result. He will not attempt to legis- late from the bench or to make the sary, as you may have gathered from continues and, predictably, so does the Constitution say what he wants it to my comments, and certainly burden- Democrat hysteria. It is the same old say. Anyone who comes before Judge some. When that happens, they need to playbook: Any Supreme Court nominee Kavanaugh can be certain that he will be eliminated. from a Republican President is guaran- rule based on the facts of the case, the Last year in Austin, I had a chance teed to destroy the Constitution, abol- to meet with people in the cosme- law, and the Constitution, and nothing ish our rights, and endanger the lives else—not his personal feelings, not his tology, heating and ventilation, and of the American people. I am not exag- other industries, and we talked about political opinions, not his beliefs about gerating for effect. Those are actual what the law should be, but just the how licensing requirements impact accusations from Democrats and lib- their industries, as well as job cre- plain text of the law and the Constitu- eral interest groups. tion. That is the kind of judge that all ation, upward mobility, and public In the lead-up to Justice Gorsuch’s of us, including the Democrats, should safety. confirmation, the head of one liberal want on the Supreme Court—the kind Around that same time, the Institute organization stated that there was for Justice ranked Texas licensure re- of judge who, in the words of Judge ‘‘substantial evidence’’ that if Kavanaugh, will decide ‘‘cases based on quirements as the 17th most burden- Gorsuch’s ‘‘egregious views were to be- some in the country. That is not a sta- settled principles without regard to come law, Americans’ lives . . . would policy preferences or political alle- tistic I am proud of. So, naturally, we be put at risk in untold ways.’’ A year giances or which party is on which side spoke about ways we can reduce the into Justice Gorsuch’s tenure on the in a particular case.’’ burden on job seekers. Supreme Court, Americans seem to be The truth of the matter is that That is where the bill I sponsored doing OK. Democrats are not worried that Judge comes in, the New HOPE Act, which is But that didn’t stop the former Kavanaugh will not uphold the Con- part of this Perkins reauthorization Democratic Governor of Virginia from stitution. Let’s be clear about that. bill. It provides additional authority to tweeting that ‘‘the nomination of They know very well that he will. State Governors receiving funds for ca- Judge Brett Kavanaugh will threaten What they are worried about is that he reer and technical education. It gives the lives of millions of Americans for will not deliver their preferred out- them discretion to consolidate or decades to come.’’ comes and that his judicial opinions eliminate licenses or certifications Then, of course, there is that other will conflict with the Democrats’ polit- that provide limited consumer protec- favorite Democrat accusation—that ical opinions. Democrats aren’t looking tion or pose an unnecessary and some- the Constitution will be put in jeop- for a qualified Supreme Court Justice. times insurmountable barrier to entry ardy if we confirm a Republican Presi- They are looking for a political for aspiring men and women seeking to dent’s Supreme Court nominee. In the rubberstamp. enter certain professions. If you want lead-up to Judge Kavanaugh’s nomina- For Democrats, the only good Su- to be a hairdresser or an eyebrow tion, the junior Senator from Cali- preme Court Justice is a Supreme threader or a roofer or a mortician, we fornia said: ‘‘We’re looking at a de- Court Justice who will use his or her should support you 100 percent. We struction of the Constitution of the power to advance the political agenda shouldn’t condone the erection of bar- United States.’’ of the Democratic Party. Just look at riers to your entering this profession I have to say that I find this accusa- the Democrat Senator who announced once you have satisfied the necessary tion particularly hilarious because if his opposition to the President’s Su- and important qualifications and train- there is one thing that we can count on preme Court nomination before the ing. There are certain training steps Judge Kavanaugh to do, it is to defend President had actually nominated any- that are a good idea, and I am not sug- the Constitution. In fact, his respect one. That is right. The Democrat Sen- gesting otherwise, but you shouldn’t for the Constitution and the rule of law ator announced plans to oppose the have to wait for years and waste thou- is perhaps the distinguishing feature of nominee before a nominee even existed. sands of dollars in order to get there. his jurisprudence. Well, that is all the evidence we need That is what this bill is all about. In a speech last year, Judge that Democrats’ opposition to Judge I am grateful to my Democratic co- Kavanaugh said: Kavanaugh is based not on any actual sponsor, the junior Senator from As I see it, the Constitution is primarily a problems with Judge Kavanaugh but on Michigan, as well as the bill’s cham- document of majestic specificity, and those Democrats’ ideological opposition to pions over in the House, Representa- specific words have meaning. Absent con- any nominee they are not sure will be tive WALBERG and Representative stitutional amendment, those words con- a rubberstamp for the Democrat agen- CUELLAR. We couldn’t have gotten this tinue to bind us as judges, legislators, and da. done without them. I look forward to executive officials. The confirmation process will con- the President’s signature. I know that Later on in the same speech, Judge tinue, and I am sure the hysteria from once it becomes law, it will work to Kavanaugh noted: Democrats will continue as well, but further enhance the positive economic Because it is so hard, and because it is not the Senate will move forward with the climate that we have seen under this easy even to pass federal legislation, pres- business of confirming another out- administration, with the jaw-dropping sure is often put on the courts and the Su- standing judge of the Supreme Court. preme Court in particular to update the Con- announcement of last Friday that the ECONOMIC GROWTH economy is burning so hot that the stitution to reflect the times. In the views of Before I close, Mr. President, I would some, the Constitution is a living document, gross domestic product has gone up by and the Court must ensure that the Con- like to say just a couple of words about 4.1 percent in the last quarter alone. stitution adapts to meet the changing times. the economic numbers released last There are many steps to turning this For those of us who believe that the judges week. On Friday, the Commerce De- economy around. One of the biggest, of are confined to interpreting and applying the partment announced that the economy

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.008 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5468 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 grew at a rate of 4.1 percent in the sec- VOTE ON MOTION TO CONCUR Mr. BOOZMAN. Mr. President, I ask ond quarter of 2018, and I have to say The question occurs on agreeing to for the yeas and nays. that this is tremendous news. the motion to concur in the House The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a Getting our economy going again has amendments to the Senate bill. sufficient second? been a huge priority for Republicans Mr. THUNE. I ask for the yeas and There appears to be a sufficient sec- since President Trump’s election. We nays. ond. have eliminated burdensome regula- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The clerk will call the roll. tions that were acting as a drag on eco- sufficient second? The assistant bill clerk called the nomic growth. In December of last There appears to be a sufficient sec- roll. year, we passed a comprehensive tax ond. Mr. CORNYN. The following Senators reform bill that put more money in The clerk will call the roll. are necessarily absent: the Senator Americans’ pockets and fixed some of The bill clerk called the roll. from Arizona (Mr. FLAKE) and the Sen- the problems in the Tax Code that were Mr. CORNYN. The following Senators ator from Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN). keeping businesses from growing and are necessarily absent: the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there creating jobs. Now we are seeing the from Arizona (Mr. FLAKE) and the Sen- any other Senators in the Chamber de- results: robust economic growth, low ator from Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN). siring to vote? unemployment, near-record optimism The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. The result was announced—yeas 52, among small businesses, soaring busi- CRUZ). Are there any other Senators in nays 46, as follows: ness investment, and more. the Chamber desiring to vote? [Rollcall Vote No. 174 Ex.] The result was announced—yeas 86, What does all of this mean? It means YEAS—52 more jobs and better wages for hard- nays 12, as follows: Alexander Graham Perdue [Rollcall Vote No. 173 Leg.] working Americans. It means more op- Barrasso Grassley Portman portunities, and it means more eco- YEAS—86 Blunt Hatch Risch nomic security and a better life for Alexander Gardner Murray Boozman Heitkamp Roberts Burr Heller American families. Baldwin Gillibrand Nelson Rounds Capito Hoeven Bennet Graham Perdue Rubio I am proud of the economic progress Cassidy Hyde-Smith Blumenthal Grassley Peters Sasse we have made over the past year and a Collins Inhofe Blunt Harris Portman Scott Corker Isakson half, and I am going to keep working Booker Hassan Shelby Reed Cornyn Johnson with my colleagues in Congress to ad- Boozman Hatch Sullivan Roberts Cotton Kennedy vance policies that will expand eco- Brown Heinrich Rounds Tester Burr Heitkamp Crapo Lankford nomic opportunities for Americans Rubio Cruz Lee Thune Cantwell Heller Sanders Tillis Capito Hirono Daines Manchin even further so that we can continue to Schatz Toomey Cardin Hoeven Enzi McConnell create those good-paying jobs and Schumer Wicker Carper Hyde-Smith Ernst Moran Scott Young those better wages for American work- Casey Isakson Fischer Murkowski Shaheen ers and for American families. Cassidy Jones Gardner Paul I yield the floor. Collins Kaine Smith Stabenow NAYS—46 f Coons Kennedy Corker King Sullivan Baldwin Harris Peters LEGISLATIVE SESSION Cornyn Klobuchar Tester Bennet Hassan Reed Cortez Masto Leahy Thune Blumenthal Heinrich Sanders Crapo Manchin Tillis Booker Hirono Schatz Cruz Markey Udall Brown Jones Schumer THE AMERICAN LEGION 100TH AN- Daines McCaskill Van Hollen Cantwell Kaine Shaheen NIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE Donnelly McConnell Warner Cardin King Smith COIN ACT Duckworth Menendez Warren Carper Klobuchar Stabenow Casey Leahy Durbin Merkley Whitehouse Udall Coons Markey The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Ernst Moran Wicker Van Hollen Cortez Masto McCaskill the previous order, the Senate will pro- Feinstein Murkowski Wyden Warner Fischer Murphy Young Donnelly Menendez ceed to legislative session and resume Duckworth Merkley Warren consideration of the House message to NAYS—12 Durbin Murphy Whitehouse Wyden accompany S. 1182, which the clerk will Barrasso Johnson Risch Feinstein Murray report. Cotton Lankford Sasse Gillibrand Nelson The bill clerk read as follows: Enzi Lee Shelby NOT VOTING—2 Inhofe Paul Toomey House message to accompany S. 1182, an Flake McCain act to require the Secretary of the Treasury NOT VOTING—2 The nomination was confirmed. to mint commemorative coins in recognition Flake McCain The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under of the 100th anniversary of The American Le- The motion was agreed to. gion. the previous order, the motion to re- Pending: f consider is considered made and laid McConnell motion to concur in the amend- RECESS upon the table and the President will be immediately notified of the Senate’s ments of the House to the bill. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under McConnell motion to concur in the amend- action. the previous order, the Senate stands ment of the House to the bill, with McCon- f nell amendment No. 3628 (to the House in recess until 2:15 p.m. amendment to the bill), to change the enact- Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:55 p.m., LEGISLATIVE SESSION recessed until 2:15 p.m. and reassem- ment date. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under McConnell amendment No. 3629 (to amend- bled when called to order by the Pre- the previous order, the Senate will re- ment No. 3628), of a perfecting nature. siding Officer (Mr. PORTMAN). McConnell motion to refer the message of sume legislative session. f the House on the bill to the Committee on f Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, with EXECUTIVE SESSION instructions, McConnell amendment No. CLOTURE MOTION 3630, to change the enactment date. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under McConnell amendment No. 3631 (to (the in- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR structions) amendment No. 3630), of a per- the previous order, there will now be 5 fecting nature. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under minutes of debate equally divided prior McConnell amendment No. 3632 (to amend- the previous order, the Senate will re- to the cloture vote on the Shelby ment No. 3631), of a perfecting nature. sume executive session and consider- amendment No. 3399. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ation of the Grant nomination. The Senator from Alabama. PAUL). Under the previous order, the All time has expired. Mr. SHELBY. Mr. President, I rise cloture motion, the motion to refer, The question is, Will the Senate ad- this afternoon to urge my colleagues to and the motion to concur with amend- vise and consent to the Grant nomina- invoke cloture on the substitute ment are withdrawn. tion? amendment before us.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.009 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5469 In debating this measure over the having a vote on the House floor. I am Hoeven Moran Shaheen past week, we voted on several amend- still hopeful the Senate will not make Hyde-Smith Murkowski Shelby Inhofe Murphy Smith ments. We hope to include dozens more that same mistake. Isakson Murray Stabenow in a managers’ package that we are Let us heed the warnings of our intel- Johnson Nelson Sullivan working with the Democrats on that ligence agencies. Of the lights blinking Jones Perdue Tester Kaine Peters continues to evolve. We sought to red. Of the appeals from the attorneys Thune Kennedy Portman Tillis King Reed achieve a fair process on this package. general, the secretaries of state, and Udall Klobuchar Risch The bill managers have gone to great the state and local election officials Van Hollen Lankford Roberts Warner lengths to accommodate Members’ in- who are sounding the alarm. This duty Leahy Rounds terests within the framework that has has fallen to us, and we must not later Manchin Rubio Warren allowed us to make so much progress be found to have been asleep at the Markey Sanders Whitehouse Wicker thus far in the appropriations process. switch, with so much at stake. McCaskill Sasse McConnell Schatz Wyden I want to thank my colleagues. I es- I join with Senator SHELBY on this Menendez Schumer Young pecially thank Senator LEAHY for next vote, but I do want Senators to be Merkley Scott working together with us in a bipar- on notice that I will be bringing this up NAYS—4 tisan way. We hope this will continue at some point. to be a constructive process because all Gillibrand Paul The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant Lee Toomey of us benefit. In this light, I urge my to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the colleagues to vote yes so we can con- Senate the pending cloture motion, NOT VOTING—2 tinue to move forward on this package which the clerk will state. Flake McCain and build upon the momentum we have The assistant bill clerk read as fol- The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this generated thus far. lows: vote, the yeas are 94, the nays are 4. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- CLOTURE MOTION ator from Vermont. Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I applaud We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- sen and sworn having voted in the af- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the firmative, the motion is agreed to. what the senior Senator from Alabama Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby said. We worked very closely together move to bring to a close debate on Senate on the weekend, yesterday, and today, amendment No. 3399, to H.R. 6147, an act f and we are continuing to work on a making appropriations for the Department managers’ package. I also want to be of the Interior, environment, and related INTERIOR, ENVIRONMENT, FINAN- able to bring up my elections security agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- CIAL SERVICES, AND GENERAL grants amendment, especially as we tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes. GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS know that Russia and others continue Mitch McConnell, Thom Tillis, Johnny ACT, 2019 Isakson, Orrin G. Hatch, John Hoeven, to try to interfere with our elections. Bob Corker, James Lankford, Lindsey The PRESIDING OFFICER. Cloture I believe the Senate has to act as a Graham, Mike Crapo, David Perdue, having been invoked, the clerk will re- coequal branch of government in de- Mike Rounds, Steve Daines, Roger F. port the bill. fending against a threat to our democ- Wicker, John Boozman, James M. The senior assistant legislative clerk racy. The threat is very real. Our intel- Inhofe, Roy Blunt, Jerry Moran. read as follows: ligence community unanimously The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- agrees that Russia interfered in the imous consent, the mandatory quorum A bill (H.R. 6147) making appropriations for the Department of the Interior, environ- 2016 elections. There is an imminent call has been waived. threat to our 2018 elections. Just last ment, and related agencies for the fiscal year The question is, Is it the sense of the ending September 30, 2019, and for other pur- week, we learned that a Russian hack- Senate that debate on amendment No. poses. er targeted the office of a sitting Sen- 3399, offered by the Senator from Ala- Pending: ator. We can’t ignore such a threat bama, Mr. SHELBY, to H.R. 6147, an act against this Chamber or our govern- making appropriations for the Depart- Shelby amendment No. 3399, in the nature ment. ment of the Interior, environment, and of a substitute. My amendment, if I bring it up, will related agencies for the fiscal year end- Murkowski amendment No. 3400 (to Amendment No. 3399), of a perfecting nature. provide $250 million for State election ing September 30, 2019, and for other security grants to protect our elec- purposes, shall be brought to a close? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- tions. It improves election cyber secu- The yeas and nays are mandatory ator from Florida. rity, replaces outdated election data under the rule. UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST—S. 3304 equipment, and undertakes other anti- The clerk will call the roll. Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, to ac- cyber efforts. The senior assistant legislative clerk commodate the Senator from Utah, I In fiscal year 2018, Congress came to- called the roll. will not make my remarks first, but gether—Republicans and Democrats, Mr. CORNYN. The following Senators just by way of introduction to say that House and Senate—and appropriated are necessarily absent: the Senator tonight at midnight American national $380 million for state election security from Arizona (Mr. FLAKE) and the Sen- security is going to be irreversibly grants. It was the first new funding for ator from Arizona (Mr. MCCAIN). weakened by the actions of President election security in years. In just a few The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Trump and his administration. That is short months since then, all the States HOEVEN). Are there any other Senators because at midnight the administra- and territories—55 in all—requested in the Chamber desiring to vote? tion will allow the online publication funding, and 100 percent has been com- The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 94, of blueprints to manufacture 3D plastic mitted to the states and 90 percent dis- nays 4, as follows: guns, and this is one example. bursed. Last week, 21 State attorneys gen- [Rollcall Vote No. 175 Leg.] So to accommodate the Senator from eral signed a letter pleading with Con- YEAS—94 Utah, instead of making my remarks gress to provide more funding to ad- Alexander Casey Enzi now, I ask unanimous consent that the dress this crisis, writing: ‘‘More fund- Baldwin Cassidy Ernst Senate proceed to the immediate con- Barrasso Collins Feinstein sideration of S. 3304 submitted earlier ing is essential to adequately equip Bennet Coons Fischer states with the financial resources we Blumenthal Corker Gardner today; that the bill be considered read need to safeguard our democracy and Blunt Cornyn Graham a third time and passed, and the mo- Booker Cortez Masto Grassley tion to reconsider be considered made protect the data of voting members in Boozman Cotton Harris our states.’’ Brown Crapo Hassan and laid upon the table with no inter- Securing our elections and safe- Burr Cruz Hatch vening action or debate. guarding our democracy should not be Cantwell Daines Heinrich The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Capito Donnelly Heitkamp a partisan issue. The House Repub- Cardin Duckworth Heller objection? licans blocked Democrats from even Carper Durbin Hirono The Senator from Utah.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:07 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.013 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5470 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 Mr. LEE. Mr. President, reserving the metal detectors useless as they try from these plastic, undetectable, and the right to object, I first saw this leg- to harden the schools because some- untraceable, weapons. We are talking islation literally moments ago; there- body can get through a metal detector about assault rifles, pistols, and shot- fore, I haven’t had adequate time to re- with this or with an AK–47 or an AR–15 guns—all of them homemade. They are view it, but I will say this: Any legisla- that can be manufactured by these 3D ghost guns. They are the new frontier tion that comes from this body that be- printers? and new face of gun violence in this gins with the following words will at- Somebody could come into this country. tract my attention and should attract building, somebody could be up in that Our colleague from Utah raised a the attention of anyone who is con- Gallery right now, and if they have a First Amendment objection. The fact is cerned about our First Amendment and plastic gun, including bullets that are that the courts are dealing with that other constitutional rights. It begins plastic bullets, we wouldn’t know objection. It is the basis of a challenge with the words: ‘‘It shall be unlawful about it. brought by a group who so far has for any person to intentionally publish. So whether you are talking about failed in the courts to stop this public . . . ’’ That ought to be concerning to schools or this Chamber or whether we health regulation. us—to each and every one of us—Demo- are talking about airports, any public No right is absolute. The First crats and Republicans alike. space that we try to protect is going to Amendment is not absolute. The idea On that basis, I object. be useless because these 3D-printed of crying fire in a movie house is one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- firearms are a direct threat to our na- example that is given time and again. tion is heard. tional security, and we are going to let Likewise, in the course of our history, The Senator from Florida. these go up on the internet tonight at we have found that the First Amend- Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, the Sen- midnight. ment has to yield to public safety when ator is basing that on First Amend- I think some of our allies like the there is an imminent and urgent ment rights. There are many limits on Israelis should be concerned about this threat. Clearly, there is here. our First Amendment rights of speech. because this is not limited to the I have supported companion legisla- You cannot say ‘‘fire’’ in a crowded United States. These can be printed tion that would, in fact, stop the ac- theater. Why in the world would you anywhere in the world. Therefore, it tual making of these kinds of weapons. assert First Amendment rights to pub- can give national security apparatuses It involves none of the First Amend- lish instructions to manufacture a a great headache because they can’t de- ment difficulties the Senator from plastic gun that someone can take tect them. Utah has raised, and I will be pursuing through a metal detector, into a crowd- So as I stated in the unanimous con- it perhaps through the same kind of ed theater, and start shooting in that sent request, I and other Senators have unanimous consent effort in the days theater—instead of shouting ‘‘fire,’’ introduced the legislation today to to come. which is clearly an understood limita- block the online publication of blue- Today, the Senator from Florida is tion upon our First Amendment rights prints. absolutely right to seek this body’s of speech. Now, as it turns out, since we can’t unanimous consent in the face of this It is inexplicable that the adminis- do it here, and if the President can’t do threat that is self-inflicted by the tration is allowing this to go into ef- it in 8 hours 45 minutes, it is going on- Trump administration. It has caved to fect at midnight tonight. It is dan- line, and it is going to take us a long the rightwing fringe group and the gerous. In fact, the President this time—I mean, what Senator or Rep- NRA, which are challenging this public morning tweeted that allowing these resentative can object to this? So even safety regulation, and it has, in effect, blueprints to go online—the President if we can get the legislation passed, it snatched defeat from the jaws of vic- tweeted: ‘‘It doesn’t seem to make is going to take a while because the tory because the litigation was on a sense.’’ legislative process is slow. path to prevailing against those objec- I would say amen to that, Mr. Presi- We have also introduced a separate tions. This litigation should have been dent, but it is your administration that bill to require every gun to have a se- permitted to run its course. It was on a has allowed this to happen because rial number and to have a main compo- path to success. But now the adminis- after years of winning this issue in nent made of metal so it can be de- tration has created this emergency, be- courts at every stage of litigation, the tected by a metal detector. ginning at midnight tonight. On Au- administration has surrendered to the Obviously, this is all common sense. gust 1, plans, designs, blueprints can be crazed demands of a self-described an- This is not a partisan issue. Everybody published without limit on the inter- archist who is going to put this on the should be concerned about the threat net, making possible the mass home- internet. He wants to sow chaos—he posed by these deadly plastic guns. made manufacture of these ghost guns. said so—in our country and across the I had intended to give these remarks They are a scourge, a potential source world by making these blueprints wide- before asking for unanimous consent. of death and injury on our streets. ly available. As an accommodation to the Senator Any idea that plastic is less durable We can make this impossible if, No. from Utah, who had to run to an ap- or strong as a source of material for 1, the President will do it. He can stop pointment, I went ahead and asked these guns is completely outmoded be- it before midnight, and the clock is that unanimous consent. But I want cause we make planes from plastic. ticking. We are only talking less than my fellow Senators, who have been so Plastic in some forms is as durable and 9 hours from now because 3D-printed great and so articulate on this issue, to strong as metal. guns, made of plastic or resin, can’t be be heard. I ask for them to also speak— The threat here is real and urgent, detected by metal detectors. Because the Senator from Utah’s objection was and I join my colleague from Florida in they are plastic, there is not a serial about First Amendment rights—about asking that there be unanimous con- number on the metal so they are why those objections don’t apply here. sent. I hope we will pursue this legisla- untraceable, and anyone can get their Mr. President, I yield the floor. tive effort together and that we will hands on them, even people who are le- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have bipartisan support. I stress that gally barred from having a gun, such as ator from Connecticut. we must have bipartisan support. Sen- felons or domestic abusers. So after Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I ators who fail to step up, speak out, midnight, people can walk onto air- thank my colleague and friend from and act in the face of this emergency planes with a deadly weapon because Florida for his leadership on this pro- should be held accountable. they are not caught in the metal detec- foundly important and imminently Mr. President, I yield the floor to our tor, and people would not know about threatening issue of safety, as well my colleague from New Jersey. it. colleague from New Jersey for his very The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- People can walk into schools. My important leadership and also Senator ator from New Jersey. State is the most recent for a school MARKEY from Massachusetts. We have Mr. MENENDEZ. Mr. President, I shooting. As a result of Parkland, peo- joined together in this cause to prevent join my colleagues on the floor, and I ple are outraged. They want to harden a new wave of lethal gun violence in salute both Senator NELSON and Sen- schools, but now are we going to render our streets and communities resulting ator BLUMENTHAL, who represent

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.017 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5471 States whose citizens have felt the crisis, leading to more senseless trage- so that we can actually protect the scourge of gun violence—in Newtown, dies. It is already too easy for crimi- American people against the ability of in Parkland, and in the Pulse night- nals, extremists, and terrorists to get anyone—anyone—with a 3D printer to club. I don’t know how many more their hands on a gun. Now we are going create a gun that can kill a human Parklands we need, but I certainly to add a new concern: terrorists pack- being and ultimately defy all of our se- know that my colleague from Utah, ing the plans for new, plastic, printable curity procedures at airports and else- who only read a part about what firearms. I don’t care if a gun is made where. And it lets any terrorist in the alarms him—that it shall not be pos- out of metal or plastic—if it can fire a world who wishes us harm to manufac- sible to publish what? To publish the bullet and take someone’s life, then it ture it in quantity. That is pretty out- information to create a gun—a gun should be regulated. rageous. That is what we are talking that is undetectable and untraceable. It is beyond irresponsible for the about. I hope the administration will Why are we spending billions to se- Trump administration to roll over and see the light and change their course. cure ourselves as we go through the allow a self-described anarchist to post Mr. President, I yield the floor. airports of our country? We saw it directions for do-it-yourself guns on a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- after September 11. Now we are going website available to anyone with an ator from Maryland. to undermine all of those billions and internet connection. That is what we Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I all of that security by allowing anyone are saying. Already, according to some thank the Senator from Florida, Mr. here or in the world to get access to news reports, the blueprints for an AR– NELSON, for introducing this legisla- the IP address. You download it, and 15—the weapon used in the massacre at tion and also my other colleagues who all of a sudden, you can create a three- Parkland—were downloaded more than have been on the Senate floor today. dimensional plastic gun that is as 2,500 times. That is 2,500 unknown indi- This is emergency legislation, which deadly as any other gun. viduals in an unregulated space. is why there was a request for unani- What draws us to the floor to ask the As the ranking member of the Senate mous consent to move forward today. unusual effort of unanimous consent to Foreign Relations Committee, I was It is very disturbing that consent was ultimately bring this legislation to the appalled to find out that the State De- not provided because we know that as floor is the failure of the administra- partment carried this out without noti- a result of the Trump administration’s tion to not allow this to happen in the fying Congress. Last Wednesday, Sec- actions, starting tomorrow, people all first place. We won’t need legislation if retary of State Mike Pompeo was be- over the country—in fact, all over the the President turns back the decisions fore our committee, and he looked us world—are going to be able to of his Secretary of State and others in in the eye and said that he was un- download on their computers instruc- his administration and says: Wait. This aware of the issue and that he would tions and a whole manual on how to is not in our national security inter- look into it. That was on Wednesday. manufacture plastic guns with 3D ests. It is not in the national interests On Friday, the State Department had printing. of the United States to allow our citi- suspended arms export regulations spe- This is something that has been be- zens to be exposed to an undetectable, cifically to allow these 3D gun blue- fore previous administrations. The untraceable gun that is as deadly as prints to be posted on the internet—so Obama administration fought hard any other. It is not in the national in- much for looking into it. against this ability for people to be terests and security interests of the This is a case that was proceeding able to send those instructions to make United States to have our soldiers half- through the courts where the govern- 3D guns at the speed of light around way around the world face terrorists ment had won at every round. In this the world. In fact, this administration who have access to a new design that morning’s tweet, the President made it early on opposed allowing this to hap- will be cheaper for them and at the end pretty clear that instead of listening to pen. of the day will allow them to attack the concerns of the American people Somehow, when this whole lawsuit our soldiers. when he has a gun question—which I was resolved the other day, the folks It is unconscionable. But since the would submit is not even a gun ques- who want to send these instructions administration, if anything, has acted tion; it is a national security ques- around the world were allowed to do so. the opposite way, we come to the floor. tion—he listens to the NRA. In fact, Alan Gottlieb, who is with the If the government has any specific role The NRA may be concerned in this Second Amendment Foundation that that rises above all others, it is to pro- particular case. Why? Because plastic was part of this case, said: tect its citizens. That is what we are guns don’t get built by the gun manu- We asked for the Moon and we figured the trying to do here. It should be a bipar- facturers and dealers that they rep- government would reject it, but they didn’t tisan request. resent and that fund their causes. want to go to trial. The government fought What is so difficult about the legisla- The posting of a 3D gun shows just us all the way and then all of the sudden tion? Nothing much. One of the two how dangerous the Trump administra- folded their tent. pieces of legislation simply says that tion’s regulatory effort to loosen ex- Secretary Pompeo and the Trump ad- you cannot permit an IP address to be port controls on firearms—including ministration folded their tent. As a published on the internet because, assault-style rifles and even sniper ri- consequence, Americans will be placed globally, anybody can get that, fles—actually is to the safety of Ameri- at much higher risk starting tomor- download it, and create a gun. That is cans at home, abroad, and innocent ci- row. We have already seen over 1,000 the simple part of it. The other one is vilians across the globe. people sign up to begin to receive the that any gun has to be traceable and All you have to do is go to this com- instructions to make AR–15s using 3D identifiable and therefore has to have a pany’s website to see it for yourself. printing. number on it. They are proclaiming that ‘‘the era of Why is this going to pose a big dan- Even when our colleagues who are the downloadable gun’’ is here. That is ger? No. 1, it is a total end-run around the most ardent advocates of the Sec- what they say on the website. ‘‘The era criminal background checks for the ond Amendment say they want to keep of the downloadable gun’’ is here. Well, purchase of a handgun or any kind of guns out of the hands of criminals— we should make sure that era doesn’t weapon. We should be closing the loop- well, how do you keep a gun out of the happen. holes in the existing background check hands of criminals when it isn’t detect- These are two simple but powerful system, closing things like the gun able and isn’t traceable? It is pretty commonsense pieces of legislation that show loophole. Instead, this allows for amazing. I have been in the Congress 26 can protect us. I call upon the Presi- a total runaround. If you can just years between the House and the Sen- dent to stop it dead in its tracks so we download instructions and use a 3D ate, and it is one of the most amazing don’t have to wait for the legislation, printer to make a gun at home, you ob- moments for me. but if not, we call upon this institution viously aren’t going to go through any Look, this country has a gun vio- to protect the American people. kind of criminal background check. lence problem. It has a mass-shooting I hope my colleagues will consider No. 2, we have spent a lot of time and problem. But a do-it-yourself, coming back later in the day and mak- effort giving the ATF the authority to downloadable gun will supercharge this ing another unanimous consent request track guns used in crimes. I would have

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.019 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 thought all of us want to make sure we Last month, the House Energy and and I hope the FDA and its regulated can track people down who are using Commerce Committee took our bipar- industries take that language seriously guns to commit crimes and catch tisan bill that we worked on together in future user fee negotiations. them. If you print a gun at home using and added a controversial amendment I support moving this bill forward a 3D printer, there is no traceable num- that expands the conditional approval today, but I do plan to conduct careful ber, there is no serial number. We are pathway for animal drugs. Currently, oversight into the implementation of not going to be able to easily track the FDA can conditionally approve an this law and hold FDA accountable for down the people who are using these animal drug for a minor species or for any deviations from the commitments guns to commit crimes. an uncommon disease in a major spe- made to me today. No. 3, with plastic 3D printing, the cies. This narrow category of drugs can Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- technology we have at airports to de- be approved, for a limited time, and sent that the letter addressed to Sen- tect metal will become ineffective. sold to customers while the company ator ALEXANDER and myself from Scott Folks around the world, if you are a collects data to determine whether the Gottlieb and Steve Solomon be printed terrorist wanting to do harm, now you drug actually works. This pathway was in the RECORD. are going to get instructions over the supposed to spur innovation, but only There being no objection, the mate- internet. You are going to be able to four drugs have ever been conditionally rial was ordered to be printed in the download it as easy as you can approved in the pathway’s 14-year his- RECORD, as follows: download an iTune. With a 3D printer tory, and only one of those four was ac- U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION, in your basement or around the corner tually effective and gained full ap- July 31, 2018. in some space, you are going to be able proval. Hon. LAMAR ALEXANDER, Chairman, to manufacture guns; No. 1, evading That is not a very good track record. Hon. PATTY MURRAY, Ranking Member, metal detectors at airports, putting Nonetheless, the House bill expands Committee on Health, Education, Labor and the entire flying public at risk; No. 2, that pathway to any difficult-to-de- Pensions, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. DEAR CHAIRMAN ALEXANDER AND SENATOR it is a public end-run around the crimi- velop animal drug that can address an MURRAY: We are writing to share with you nal background check system, which is unmet need and doesn’t even define the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA or already flawed; and, No. 3, it will not what qualifies as difficult. the Agency) current views on how it would allow us to trace guns used in crimes. I have been very concerned that the implement the proposed expanded condi- I thought there was a consensus in undefined scope of this pathway sets a tional approval pathway in H.R. 5554, the this body that we should get after peo- terrible precedent and, more impor- ‘‘Animal Drug and Animal Generic Drug ple who use guns to commit crimes, tantly, doesn’t uphold the gold stand- User Fee Amendments of 2018.’’ The Agency’s whether crimes in the United States or ard of FDA approval that our public re- staff were directed to review the possibility of expanding the conditional approval path- crimes around the world. Yet what this lies on. However, today Dr. Gottlieb way by the previous reauthorization of the body is doing by not allowing a vote has made public assurances to both me Animal Drug User Fee Act (ADUFA) and today on the Nelson bill is saying it is and our chairman that he intends to Animal Generic Drug User Fee Act OK for people to be using this tech- implement this provision with addi- (AGDUFA) programs in 2013, and we are pre- nology in their basements to make tional caution and restrictions, accord- pared to implement the expansion of the guns that can evade all these systems ing to congressional intent. pathway as outlined in H.R. 5554, if enacted, and commit crimes and make it impos- FDA has committed to promulgating with appropriate regulatory caution and re- sible to trace who did it. regulations to define what it means for strictions. This is a really bad day for the U.S. a study to be ‘‘difficult.’’ Importantly, FDA currently has conditional approval authority for animal drugs intended to treat Senate. This is a moment where people FDA has publicly agreed that condi- a minor species or for diseases or conditions should be acting in emergency fashion tional approval is not an appropriate in major species that would constitute a to stop this danger and risk to the pathway for any human medical prod- minor use, which was granted by the addi- American public. Instead, people are ucts or antibiotics. tion of section 571 to the Federal Food, Drug, folding up their tent and allowing this Antibiotic resistance is a large and and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) in 2004 by the to happen, starting tomorrow. It is a growing global public health problem, Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health shameful moment. and the rampant overuse of medically Act (MUMS Act). To receive conditional ap- I yield the floor. important antibiotics in our food sup- proval, an animal drug sponsor must meet the same safety and manufacturing stand- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ply compounds that problem. I am very ards as a new animal drug for which full ap- ator from Washington. pleased this bill requires FDA to report proval is sought under section 512. The main f on its work to bring all medically im- advantage of the conditional approval path- portant antibiotics under veterinary way for sponsors is that they can make their ANIMAL DRUG AND ANIMAL GE- supervision, but there is more to do. drug available after demonstrating a reason- NERIC DRUG USER FEE AMEND- I thank Senators WARREN, FEINSTEIN, able expectation of effectiveness. The path- MENTS OF 2018 GILLIBRAND, and BLUMENTHAL for their way requires an annual review of the condi- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, in leadership on reducing the non- tional approval to determine if the sponsor is February, the HELP Committee passed judicious use of antibiotics in animals. making sufficient progress toward meeting a bill to reauthorize the animal drug the effectiveness standard for full approval. On Friday, Senator WARREN sent a let- FDA believes conditional approval offers a and animal generic drug user fee pro- ter to FDA asking for additional ac- unique pathway to address specific chal- grams at FDA. That bill was the result tions and commitments to bring all lenges of certain aspects of veterinary medi- of months of bipartisan work. During medically important antibiotics under cine that human medicine does not face. markup, we worked together to put veterinary supervision and reevaluate Therefore, FDA does not believe this path- aside differences and adopted an duration limits for antibiotic abuse. way would be suitable for human medical amendment from Senator MURPHY in- I thank Mr. Gottlieb for his quick re- products. For example, variability in re- sponse to therapies among animals means creasing innovation in animal drug sponse to Senator WARREN and his trial designs to advance more medi- that one product is not likely to meet the clear commitment to work with us on needs of all animals. Even within a single cines for our pets and livestock—simi- these issues, including greater trans- species (e.g., canine), it is well-documented lar to the work we did for humans in parency into the progress of removing that there can be significant variability the 21st Century Cures Act—and an unlimited durations of antibiotic use. I among animal breeds in how drugs are me- amendment from Senator PAUL to clar- sincerely hope we can avoid these situ- tabolized (e.g., ivermectin is toxic for collies, ify the regulatory process for animal ations in the future, where deals struck but safe for other breeds). Despite the need, feed additives. between FDA and the industry, with incentivizing new product development con- We worked together because this bill little transparency, are then somehow tinues to be a challenge for the industry has to pass by August 1 to avoid disrup- given the limited market for veterinary demanded of Congress. drugs. Based on experience, we believe this tion to the hard-working employees at Senator ALEXANDER and I included pathway would be used uncommonly, as a FDA who ensure our pets and food-pro- language in this year’s agricultural ap- sponsor must make a substantial investment ducing animals have safe and effective propriations bill that makes clear Con- of time and resources to obtain the condi- drugs. gress does not find this appropriate, tional approval. In addition, the sponsor

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:07 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.020 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5473 must be confident that they will ultimately acted, we will keep your staff closely up- I noticed in our committee hearing be successful in meeting the substantial evi- dated on our efforts to clarify in guidance the other day that the Committee on dence of effectiveness standard required for and regulation the statutory restrictions on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- full approval under section 512(b). FDA’s re- use of the expanded conditional approval view of its active pending animal drug prod- pathway. sions, of which I am chairman and she ucts in various phases of development indi- H.R. 5554 also contains language that will is the ranking Democrat, has approved cates that 16 products might qualify for the provide Congress the opportunity to recon- 50 bills this Congress. Eighteen of them new pathway. FDA’s best current estimate is sider conditional approval. The proposed have been signed by the President. that 12 to 20 animal drugs might seek condi- pathway will sunset after 10 years, to coin- Some more will be signed by the Presi- tional approval during the 10–year authoriza- cide with the reauthorization of the user fee dent. tion period provided in H.R. 5554. programs in 2028. In addition, the language We are working hard on opioids legis- FDA has acted to withdraw conditional ap- requires a Government Accountability Office lation, which is of great interest to al- proval when sufficient progress towards study to be completed prior to this date so meeting the effectiveness standard for full that Congress, the Agency, and stakeholders most every Member of this body. Our approval has not been met. For example, can evaluate the expanded conditional ap- committee has unanimously reported FDA withdrew the conditional approval of proval pathway prior to its sunset. The sun- that to the floor, and we are working the drug Paccal Vet-CAI in 2017, after it was set provision would create an incentive for with other committees. We have been conditionally approved in 2014, for this rea- the Agency and stakeholders to demonstrate working with the House on that. We son. Since the MUMS Act was enacted in that this pathway’s implementation is ap- are working on getting generic drugs 2004, only four drugs have received condi- propriately implemented and judiciously uti- to market more easily, something that tional approval, and FDA has only granted a lized. Finally, H.R. 5554 further restricts this full new animal drug approval to one of these pathway by prohibiting any drug that con- has needed to be done for 20 years. We drugs. We want to assure you that FDA will tains an active antimicrobial ingredient have reported that out to the Senate. make certain there are appropriately defined from utilizing the expanded pathway. Pandemic legislation—dealing with parameters for this expansion of the condi- In closing, we want to remind you that if epidemics and being prepared for tional approval pathway, which will be de- H.R. 5554 is not reauthorized before August 1, them—is ready for the Senate to act veloped through a public process. 2018, we must initiate the process of adjust- on. The proposed expansion of the pathway in ing animal drug review activities and the This is characteristic of the work H.R. 5554 would allow certain animal drugs personnel engaged in those activities, includ- that are not intended to treat minor species ing identifying and notifying 115 full time Senator MURRAY and her staff do. As or minor uses in major species to qualify for equivalent federal employee positions of a she mentioned, this bill is the last of conditional approval, but only if they meet reduction in force no later than 60 days prior the so-called user fee agreements. We two key requirements. The first proposed re- to their expected release. This could not only passed four last August that dealt with quirement is that the drug must be ‘‘in- result in 115 full time employees being ter- about $9 billion in industry user fees to tended to treat a serious or life-threatening minated, but would disrupt work and mo- fund the Food and Drug Administra- disease or condition or addresses an unmet rale—not only for hundreds of other employ- tion. This is another bill to do that. ees at the Agency’s Center for Veterinary animal or human health need.’’ FDA con- These bills are complicated and dif- siders serious or life-threatening diseases or Medicine, but for their colleagues in other conditions to be those that, if untreated, are Agency centers as well. ficult and involve lots of discussions. likely to lead to an animal’s death, such as We hope that we have been able to allevi- In the end, they often pass by agree- congestive heart disease and lymphoma. ate any concerns you have with the tem- ment, as this one will today, I believe, FDA intends to define ‘‘unmet need’’ simi- porary, limited expansion of the Agency’s ex- but that is because of the amount of larly to how the term is defined in FDA’s Ex- isting conditional approval pathway for ani- work our staff and Senator MURRAY’s pedited Programs guidance for human med- mal drugs in H.R. 5554, and that you will sup- staff and the House of Representatives port timely passage of this bill to avoid any ical products. FDA intends to provide more have done. I thank them for that. details to clearly define this first require- reductions in force and disruptions at the Agency. Again, you have our personal com- The FDA user fee bills provide about ment in the guidance or regulation it would half the funding the Food and Drug Ad- be required to issue. mitment to keep your staff informed as we The second key requirement for eligibility implement this provision, if it is enacted. ministration uses every year to keep would be that ‘‘a demonstration of effective- Sincerely, the drugs we buy at our pharmacies ness would require a complex or particularly SCOTT GOTTLIEB, M.D., and get at the doctor’s office safe. We difficult study or studies.’’ FDA believes use Commissioner of Food take it for granted, but it is the gold of the conditional approval pathway should and Drugs. standard, and we work very hard to try and will be limited to situations in which ef- STEVE SOLOMON, D.V.M, M.P.H, to make sure we don’t infringe on that fectiveness is in fact particularly difficult or gold standard of safety and efficacy. complex to demonstrate, and would only be Director, Center for granted after demonstrating a reasonable ex- Veterinary Medicine. The House of Representatives has pectation of effectiveness. FDA intends to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- passed, by unanimous consent, the bill consider whether the clinical end-points of ator from Tennessee. we referred to, the Animal Drug and the disease or condition are particularly dif- Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, in Generic Animal Drug User Fee Amend- ficult to evaluate. FDA also intends to con- a moment, I will specifically address ments, which reauthorizes user fee pro- sider factors such as the need of a sponsor to the comments the Senator from Wash- grams that allow the animal drug in- use complex adaptive or other novel inves- ington made. First, I would like to ac- dustry and the Food and Drug Adminis- tigation designs, real world evidence, and the tration to continue to expedite the re- difficulty of enrolling trials. To clarify the knowledge that she and other Members limited scope of new animal drug applica- of the Senate worked with us to make view of safe and effective treatments tions for which this pathway would be avail- sure this legislation could become law for animals. These updated agreements able, FDA intends to issue regulation to de- by August 1, and I thank her for that. have been carefully worked out be- scribe the elements it would consider in de- Sometimes the House accepts a Sen- tween the Food and Drug Administra- termining whether an effectiveness study ate bill, as it did with the Perkins Ca- tion and the animal drug industry, would be difficult or complex to complete. reer and Technical Education Act that with input from farmers and ranchers, The proposed conditional approval expan- the President signed today, and some- food and feed producers, veterinarians, sion requires FDA to issue guidance or regu- times the Senate accepts a House bill, and other stakeholders. lation by September 30, 2019, to clarify these criteria; FDA expects to finalize these docu- as I will move that we do today. One If Congress doesn’t do its job, as the ments before accepting applications for the reason we are able to do that is because Senator from Washington said, to reau- expanded conditional approval pathway. We our committees work closely with the thorize these critical programs before can assure you that FDA believes this ex- House to try to take as many of their August 1, the Food and Drug Adminis- panded pathway should be used only in very good ideas as we can so we can pass tration will be forced to send layoff no- limited cases, since its goal is to bring new each other’s bill, if that became nec- tices to 115 employees. By our action veterinary therapies to market for which essary. The second reason that happens today, we will be able to avoid that. there have not been sufficient incentives to is because Senator MURRAY character- The review of over 2,000 animal drug do so through the traditional new animal applications and investigational sub- drug approval pathway. FDA does not be- istically works with me to solve prob- lieve the age conditional approval pathway lems like she is doing today, and I am missions currently pending before the should be available to new animal drugs that grateful to her for doing that. We don’t Food and Drug Administration will be easily could use the traditional new animal agree on everything, but we agree on a significantly delayed if we don’t act, drug approval pathway. If H.R. 5554 is en- lot. and we intend to act. This means it

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Is there Years ago, I introduced the Dream approved the Senate version of this bill further debate? Act. The Dream Act said that if you on February 28 of this year by a bipar- If not, the bill having been read the were brought to this country, undocu- tisan vote of 22 to 1. The bill passed the third time, the question is, Shall the mented as a baby, as a child, you House in almost identical form that bill pass? should have a chance to earn your way was approved by the HELP Committee The bill (H.R. 5554) was passed. to legal status to become part of Amer- in February, but the House bill, as Sen- Mr. ALEXANDER. I ask unanimous ica’s future. I have tried to pass that ator MURRAY said, expands conditional consent that the motion to reconsider bill, and I have been successful in the approval to encourage innovation and be considered made and laid upon the Senate a few times. We have been suc- competition. table. cessful in the House, but it has never Conditional approval allows a drug to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without made it through both Chambers to be- go to market once it meets the Food objection, it is so ordered. come the law of the land. and Drug Administration safety stand- Mr. ALEXANDER. I yield the floor. President Obama created a program ards, and then the drug company has f called DACA, based on the Dream Act, up to 5 years to prove the drug is effec- INTERIOR, ENVIRONMENT, FINAN- which allowed those who qualified to tive. Based on bipartisan feedback CIAL SERVICES, AND GENERAL have 2-year temporary, renewable sta- about conditional approval, the House GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS tus, protected from deportation, with of Representatives agreed to make ACT, 2019—Continued the legal right to work. three changes in its bill: No. 1, a 10- Last year, President Trump abol- year sunset for conditional approval; The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ished the program, and 790,000 young No. 2, clarify the conditional approval ator from Illinois. people who were protected—who had does not require an additional fee to be Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask registered with the government, who paid to the Food and Drug Administra- unanimous consent to speak as in had paid a filing fee, who had gone tion; and, No. 3, a Government Ac- morning business. through a criminal background check The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without countability Office report on condi- and were going to school and working— objection, it is so ordered. tional approval. were told their protection would go Senator MURRAY and I agree that we IMMIGRATION away. need to clarify what it means for a Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, from the Were it not for a court decision to drug to be ‘‘difficult to study.’’ I have earliest moments in the Presidential protect them, many of them would be talked to Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the Com- campaign, Donald Trump made it clear deported today. But that court decision missioner of the Food and Drug Admin- that immigration was an important can change any day, any week, any istration about these concerns, and he issue to his election. You will recall month. agrees. Dr. Gottlieb has agreed to statements that he made about the We tried in February on the floor of quickly issue guidance and develop reg- construction of the wall on the south- the Senate to come up with a bipar- ulations that provide clarity on what ern border of the United States. He tisan approach to solving this problem, ‘‘difficult to study’’ means and that do called it the big, glorious, gorgeous but we fell short. When a bipartisan not change the gold standard of the 2,000-mile wall, and he promised us group of Senators came up with a pro- Food and Drug Administration’s drug that the Mexicans would pay for it. posal, which I supported and which re- approval process. Over and over he promised us they ceived over 50 votes, at the end of the Also, conditional approval is not would pay for it. That wasn’t the only day, the Trump administration opposed available for antimicrobial drugs. The reference made to immigration during it, so it went down, and we did not an- language in the bill is clear, and Dr. the course of the campaign, so it came swer the need for the passage of legisla- Gottlieb understands that conditional as no surprise, when President Trump tion. approval is not available for anti- was elected, that immigration became There is a new issue before us, one microbial drugs. a major issue in his administration. most Americans are well aware of; that Congress will also conduct oversight It is ironic, in a way, that this Na- is, the President’s announcement of to make sure conditional approval is tion of immigrants called America what is known as the zero tolerance achieving the goal of helping more pets would have such struggles these days policy. It started at the beginning of and keeping our food supply safe. This with the issue of immigration. Many of April, and it was a policy by our gov- bipartisan legislation will help keep us can trace our origins to recent im- ernment to literally arrest and charge animals healthy, prevent disease out- migrants. In my own case, my mother every person who came to this border breaks, and protect our food supply. was an immigrant to this country, and without legal status. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- here her son turned out to have a full- You could come to the United States sent that the Senate proceed to the im- time government job as a U.S. Senator. without legal status and apply to be- mediate consideration of H.R. 5554. My story is my family’s story, but it come a person protected with asylum The PRESIDING OFFICER. The is also America’s story of how the sons or a refugee. Just coming to the border clerk will report the bill by title. and daughters of immigrants came itself is not a crime if you come for The legislative clerk read as follows: here and tried to—and in many ways that purpose. A bill (H.R. 5554) to amend the Federal did—make a difference in the country But this new zero tolerance policy Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to reauthorize we live in. Despite that fact, despite said that they would charge every per- user fee programs relating to new animal the Statue of Liberty and all of our son who came to the border as a crimi- drugs and generic new animal drugs. heritage from immigrants coming to nal. Well, one thing led to another be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there America, there has always been a polit- cause once a person has been charged objection to proceeding to the meas- ical voice and a political force that has as a criminal—even as a misdemeanant ure? resisted more immigration. criminal—in most circumstances, their Without objection, notwithstanding There were people who have said: We children, minors in their custody, are rule XXII, the Senate will proceed to have enough. They are going to take removed from them. That is exactly the measure. our jobs. They don’t practice our reli- what happened. In 2,700 cases, our gov- Mr. ALEXANDER. I ask unanimous gions. They don’t speak our language. ernment, under the President’s zero consent that the bill be considered read Their food smells funny. We don’t like tolerance policy, forcibly removed chil- a third time. the way they dress. dren from their parents.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.021 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5475 We had a hearing on it today, and it the room. I remember two little girls That is a pretty healthy margin in a is the reason I have come to the floor. holding hands, walking into the room, Chamber that is often bitterly divided. We asked the heads of the agencies who cutest little things, and they looked We had comprehensive immigration created this policy some basic ques- like twins because their hair was fixed reform. So what happened to it? It tions. We asked them if they had cre- the same way. It turns out that they crossed the Rotunda into the House of ated a means of determining what were not twins; they were not even sis- Representatives and disappeared. They would happen to the children, where ters. One of the little girls said: ‘‘No, never held a hearing, and they never the parents would be, and how they amigas’’—friends. called a bill. They ignored it com- would be reunited. The sad answer, the I watched them. They held on to one pletely. They left the mess that we now real answer, is no. another through the entire meeting, have in place. So when a Federal judge in Southern and as they left the room, they held Well, we need to return to this issue, California stepped in and said that the hands together. They were clinging to and we need to do it quickly. We need zero tolerance policy must end, and the only connectivity—the only an- to make sure that we have another now there must be a reunification of chors—in their lives: other children comprehensive immigration reform bill these families—parents with their chil- who were going through the same expe- that starts addressing the basic issues dren—it turned out that this Govern- rience. They had been forcibly sepa- we addressed in our last effort. That, to ment of the United States of America rated from their parents. me, is the only way to put us on the did not have the records to reunite par- I brought some cards with me, made right track to do the right thing. ents and children. by kids of my staff in Chicago—just In the meantime, there are too many They literally turned thousands of cards with stickers on them, construc- victims, and too darn many of them people loose, trying to match up these tion paper with little messages, some are children. We can do better as a na- kids with their parents—kids who had in Spanish, some in English. I let the tion. The United States is a caring and been separated by our government at kids choose from these cards if they compassionate nation. We have proved the border. You think to yourself, as wanted them. Every single one of them it over and over again throughout our one of my colleagues said: When you took one and hung on to it like it was history. We need to do it again. take your child into Chuck E. Cheese, a Christmas gift. NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BILL they sometimes give them little plastic What is it like for these children to Mr. President, I want to discuss the bracelets so that they don’t get lost be separated at that early age? I am conference report that is coming over and we know who that little child be- not an expert. I have been a dad and a for the 2019 National Defense Author- longs to. grandfather, if that gives me any claim ization Act. I want to thank Senator JOHN Our Federal Government didn’t do to expertise. But when you turn to the MCCAIN, who has been absent from the that, and, as a consequence, thou- experts, the pediatric physicians, they Chamber for months, but we think of sands—thousands—of children were say that it is institutional child abuse him every day and remember fondly his turned loose into a system, and when to forcibly remove children from their amazing ability to shepherd this bill the court order was applied we couldn’t parents and set them off in a strange through the Senate and through con- comply; we couldn’t reunify them. setting, this institutional setting, for ference committee; JACK REED, the Where are we today? Today, out of weeks and for months, and that is ex- Democrat serving on that same defense the 2,700 or more children who were actly what we did. authorization committee; JIM INHOFE separated from their parents, we have The President finally realized that he of Oklahoma, who has stepped in to fill reunified about 2,000 of them, roughly, was wrong and reversed the policy, but in for JOHN MCCAIN in his absence; Con- but for 711, we are still short of bring- the kids are still there. The kids have gressman THORNBERRY, Congressman ing the reunification together; the par- not been united, and we have not SMITH, and all of those who worked on ents are not reunited with their chil- solved the problems that face this this conference agreement. dren. For 94 of these children, we do country. Since I am the ranking Democrat or not have information. We don’t know There are a lot of things that divide vice chair of the Defense Appropria- where their parents are. Think about Democrats and Republicans in this tions Subcommittee, I know how hard that. town. I hope there are several things it is to take a bill of this complexity In the United States of America, we can all agree on. and size and work out a political com- with our vast wealth and talent and re- No. 1, the United States needs border promise. But that was achieved with sources and computers, we removed security. We can’t have open borders the National Defense Authorization children from their families and tossed for everyone who wants to come to this Act, and it was done with many ex- them into the bureaucratic sea. I am country. It wouldn’t work, it wouldn’t traordinary efforts when it came to de- not sure how this story is going to end, be safe, and I am not advocating that. fense and foreign policy. but it is a pretty sad situation. I doubt that many people are. No compromise is perfect, but I am One of my colleagues, Senator Secondly, we need to make sure that troubled and disappointed by several BLUMENTHAL from Connecticut, asked dangerous people who want to come particular provisions in the bill, and I the assembled representatives of the into this country are stopped, and any- wanted to speak to them on the floor Trump administration the following one who is here, undocumented and before the bill comes up for consider- question: Do you believe that the zero dangerous, should be removed. I think ation later this week. tolerance policy was a success? Not one we all agree on that. This last January, Secretary of De- of them did. Do you believe that the The third thing we need—clearly fense Mattis, whom I respect greatly United States should engage in further need—is comprehensive immigration and voted for, argued in his national family separation? Not one of them reform. Our immigration system is des- defense strategy that we were seeing did. perately broken. It doesn’t serve our ‘‘the reemergence of long-term, stra- So we know it was a mistake, and we needs in so many different ways. tegic competition,’’ especially against know there are still victims out I was part of an effort 5 years ago Russia and China. I don’t think anyone there—kids who have not been re- when eight Senators—four Democrats disputes that, and yet two high-profile united. The obvious question is: What and four Republicans joined together. provisions in this Defense authoriza- can we do about it? Well, we can use JOHN MCCAIN, CHUCK SCHUMER, tion bill weaken the pressure that we every resource at our disposal to make LINDSEY GRAHAM, MICHAEL BENNET, should be exerting against these two sure that we bring these children back BOB MENENDEZ, JEFF FLAKE, MARCO nations. in contact with their parents. RUBIO, and I spent about 6 months Russia has illegally seized territory I went to one of the shelters in Chi- writing a comprehensive immigration in Ukraine and Georgia. It has pro- cago about 5 weeks ago to meet with 10 reform bill. We all had to give a little. tected the murderous Syrian regime. It of these kids. Their ages ranged from That is what happens when you are in has murdered its critics with chemical about 5 years of age to 14, and the a political situation. attacks on foreign soil. It has at- youngest ones were from Central We brought the bill to the floor of tempted to undermine democratic elec- America and Mexico. They came into the Senate, and it passed with 64 votes. tions across the Western world, from

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.023 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 France to our own United States. For tional security risk, passing a provi- I am particularly disappointed in that reason, Congress put in place sion to prohibit this company from Aung San Suu Kyi. Her silence on tough sanctions against Russia last doing any business in the United these problems is hard to explain. year. They passed with overwhelming States, but, again, just as with the Many of us admired her for a long pe- votes in the House and the Senate. I Russia provision, this was watered riod of time and the courage she voted for them as did most of the Mem- down from prohibiting it from doing showed against the Burmese military, bers from both sides of the aisle. business with the U.S. Government. but when it comes to this moral hu- Many of those sanctions required the What it means is that the Chinese tele- manitarian choice, her silence is dis- President to impose the sanctions. It communications company, which we tressing. Just this month, an extensive was mandatory that he do this. It gave fear is going to make us weaker in and devastating report released by the Congress the right to review those terms of national security, is prohib- group Fortify Rights found that the sanctions if the President decided to ited for business with our government Burmese authorities had actually made waive and not apply them. Why? It is but is able to sell its products in the the preparations for attacks against sad to say that this congressional re- general commerce of America. That the Rohingya people before the August view was included because no one cannot make our country any safer. 25 militant attack, which they blamed trusted President Trump to stand up to The agreement also contains a com- for their actions. Groups such as For- Vladimir Putin. He believes the word of prehensive overhaul of the way we pro- tify Rights, Amnesty International, Vladimir Putin over that of our intel- tect our economy from national secu- Human Rights Watch, and countless ligence community professionals. Un- rity threats. So perhaps next time, if others have even documented the Bur- fortunately, our President has shown the Chinese violate it or any other mese military officials and units re- on almost a daily basis, that he simply country does, we can catch them before sponsible for the crimes against the doesn’t have it in him to stand up for damage is done. We could have made Rohingya, led by General Min Aung American interests if Vladimir Putin this provision much stronger. Hlaing. disagrees. Another reason why I am dis- Despite this, our President has been Yet the conference report before us appointed by this conference com- slow to sanction military officials. The mittee report is the irresponsible re- provides the administration with an Trump administration has been sitting moval of provisions related to even bigger national security waiver on on a potential list for months and so Myanmar, formerly known as Burma. these sanctions, a larger escape clause far has sanctioned one person only. The House bill contained five provi- so that the President could avoid ap- Here in the Senate, one of our Senate sions restricting security engagement plying sanctions to Russia, and it re- leaders, dismayed, continues to block with Burma, imposing sanctions on moves Congress’s ability to review that movement of any bipartisan sanction Burmese officials responsible for decision. I am sure the Secretary of De- effort aimed for those responsible for human rights abuses, and requiring the fense will use his powers in this bill this atrocity. State Department to make a deter- wisely to allow the United States to I am sorry to say that what looked mination on whether the atrocities help key allies wean themselves off of like an easy bipartisan provision to committed against the Rohingya peo- Russian military equipment. The prob- condemn this behavior by the Burmese ple, a minority, constituted ethnic lem is that this is not the only way the military is a casualty of this con- cleansing, crimes against humanity, or administration can use this broad ference committee, and it is another genocide. waiver. It makes congressional review These provisions were included in the reason that I am troubled by the work more, not less, important, and yet the House version of the National Defense product. Finally, I want to note that conference report, I think, goes in Authorization Act with overwhelming this conference agreement provides thing wrong direction. bipartisan support. Similar language zero paid increases for defense civilian We need to be firm with Russia. They passed out of our Senate Foreign Rela- personnel. That is just unacceptable. need to understand there is a price to tions Committee in a stand-alone bill The President did not request an in- pay for what they are doing to their with bipartisan support. It looked like crease in his budget proposal even neighbors, as well as to the rest of the these provisions were destined to be in though Secretary Mattis has called world and especially to the electoral the final work product. their contributions essential to our process of the United States. It was We are all aware of the horrific perse- military operations for everything only last week that we received the cution of the Rohingya people by the from acquisition to policy expertise. latest notification that one of my fel- Burmese military, stemming from dec- Congress should exercise its inde- low colleagues in this Chamber has had ades of deep-seated misconceptions and pendent judgment to provide this civil- her office hacked by the Russians dur- hatred that have led to violence, most ian pay increase. After all, we cannot ing the course of her reelection cam- recently last August, when a small expect to continue to recruit and re- paign. This is not the end of Russian group of militants attacked a security tain the best civilian workers in our intrigue, and we have to address this outpost. military without appropriate pay. Russian threat with our eyes wide The Burmese military brutally re- I am glad that the Appropriations open. I wish the Defense authorization sponded in a scorched-earth campaign Committee was providing modest in- bill were more explicit in that regard. against the Rohingya people, killing creases for all Federal and civilian em- This conference agreement also thousands, including children, vio- ployees, but every committee in every waters down sanctions against China. lating their women, forcibly starving branch of government must take re- Last year, a large Chinese tele- their people, and burning down their sponsibility for this in the future. I un- communications company was caught villages. More than 700,000 Rohingya derstand that one cannot demand per- redhanded evading U.S. sanctions on people fled Burma to nearby Ban- fection in the legislative process, and North Korea and Iran. gladesh, as they had been overwhelmed there are many provisions in this con- Earlier this year, the Department of by the Burmese military and their ference report that I appreciate and the Defense also stopped selling its phones forces. work that was put into it. to the military because it ‘‘may pose In neighboring Bangladesh, they were The conferees rejected unrelated poi- an unacceptable risk to personnel, in- forced into squalid refugee camps, son pill environmental provisions from formation, and mission.’’ These phones which I visited. I know the the House and retained a very strong from China ‘‘may pose an unacceptable Bangladeshis and others are doing Senate statement in support of NATO. risk to personnel, information, and their best to help them, but these are These are two of the hundreds of good mission.’’ Our Department of Defense horrible living conditions for anyone. provisions contained in this bill and has warned us that this Chinese equip- In Burma the government authorities conference report. But as I stated at ment can be dangerous if used by our continue to deny that any of this took the outset, I believe the agreement also military establishment in the United place. They burned and overtook makes improper changes in the key States. former Rohingya villages. They ig- areas that I have outlined, and for We responded forcefully to these re- nored calls for safe and voluntary repa- those reasons I will be voting against peated violations of the law and na- triation and accountability. cloture on the conference agreement.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.025 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5477 I yield the floor. As I mentioned, in my State, the de- basic understanding of how program- I suggest the absence of a quorum. mand for computer science and coding ming and computer science work. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. programs is clear. Right now, Wash- I hope many schools across the JOHNSON). The clerk will call the roll. ington has more than 16,000 good-pay- United States will take up this oppor- The bill clerk proceeded to call the ing job openings in computer science. tunity. I hope it will lead to many new roll. Still, only 31 percent of our State applications, new job creations, and Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I ask schools offered computer science greater awareness of what STEM edu- unanimous consent that the order for courses for the high school level be- cation is all about. Having people the quorum call be rescinded. tween 2016 and 2017. What is standing in trained in the areas of science, tech- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without our way? Well, in many cases, it is the nology, engineering, and math is key objection, it is so ordered. cost of developing a computer science to our country’s future. I am so glad CODES ACT curriculum and getting a program up the President is signing this legislation Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I and running in the high school. That is today. come to the floor to speak about the exactly the problem our legislation I yield the floor. importance of teaching computer tries to solve by giving local commu- I suggest the absence of a quorum. science and coding in our education nities the resources they need to de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The system. Throughout the United States velop and implement good computer clerk will call the roll. and especially in my home State of science curriculums that make the The bill clerk proceeded to call the Washington, our internet economy is most sense for those communities. roll. booming. Nationwide, it represents 7 As I said, not everybody will nec- Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I percent of our GDP and makes up 13 essarily go into computer science. I ask unanimous consent that the order percent of Washington’s economy. In took typing and Latin, which gave me for the quorum call be rescinded. Washington, more than 13,000 internet a fundamental understanding of both of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without companies provide more than a quarter those things. What is wrong with ev- objection, it is so ordered. of a million jobs. erybody having a fundamental under- TRIBUTE TO LIEUTENANT GENERAL MICHAEL H. We want to keep this American suc- standing of the language of the 21st- SHIELDS cess story going, but to do that, we century computer programming? Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, as need to make sure these startups have I was excited, with Senator CASSIDY, we are working through the remaining the workforce of tomorrow that they when we were able to include language issues as they relate to the various ap- need. That is why it is so important for in the reauthorization of the Perkins propriations bills before us, I wanted to children throughout the United States vocational and technical educational take just a few moments this afternoon to be able to learn to code in school. bill, which the President signed today, to speak about a friend of mine, a Every student in America should be to move us closer to that goal. The lan- friend of Alaska’s, a gentleman, and a taught the tools they need to enter our guage in the bill that was signed by the leader, Alaska’s LTG Michael H. 21st-century economy. I laugh and say President would allow the use of Fed- Shields, who is retiring from the U.S. all the time that I took typing and eral funds to support efforts to expand, Army after 35 years of service. I thank Latin as my prerequisite requirements develop, or implement programs to in- Mike on behalf of my Senate col- in college. I am not saying that typing crease opportunities for students to leagues and the people of Alaska for his and Latin didn’t help me today, but I take rigorous courses in coding and outstanding service as he retires from question whether we are teaching the computer science and support state- Active Duty. same skills today that we need for the wide efforts to create access to and im- Mike received his commission 21st-century economy. plementation of coding and computer through the Army Reserve Officers’ Every student in the United States science. This is a great example of Training Corps at Norwich University should have the opportunity to learn what we can do when working together in 1983. Like so many of Alaska’s best about the internet, algorithms, and ap- in a bipartisan manner. and finest citizens, we kind of adopted plications. In Washington, we are mak- It is the first important step to make him. He came to Alaska to serve. He ing progress in this area because 31 per- sure that every student understands came to love our State, and we just cent of our high schools offer coding some level of what our economy is loved him right back. classes, but more still needs to be done. going to be built on in the future. We I first came to know Mike as Colonel According to a great organization, will have plenty of work to do. As I Shields when he was commanding the code.org, 90 percent of parents in the said, not everyone will go into com- 172nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team— United States want their children to puter science, but having a basic un- known as the Arctic Wolves—at Fort study or understand computer science; derstanding of how just about every- Wainwright, AK, just outside of Fair- however, only 40 percent of their chil- thing in your home and your workplace banks. He led the brigade during the dren are taught anything about com- is going to work, and even your car and height of Operation Iraqi Freedom. It puter programming. Computer jobs are other applications that you have, will was a very difficult command, probably the No. 1 source of new jobs in the be a good bridge to this economy. one of the more difficult commands country. Currently, there are more We are going to continue to work to- any colonel could imagine. than 500,000 computer job openings in gether and find ways that computer The Arctic Wolves had executed their the United States. science and coding can be taught in our planned 2005 to 2006 deployment in This is a skills gap we have to close classrooms. At the Federal level, we northern Iraq. They had done an excep- if we want to continue to develop these don’t have a lot of control over that tional job, and they were ready to new products and services. That is why curriculum at the local level, but we come home. They had been there for a I worked with my colleague from Lou- can incentivize, as we are doing today, full deployment. The plans were laid. isiana, Senator CASSIDY, to introduce schools across the United States, with The families had all been told. This the High School CODES Act earlier a little Federal support, to make sure very successful, yearlong deployment this year. Our legislation creates a new that coding and computer science are was coming to an end during the early Federal grant program to help high key parts of a high school education. summer of 2006. Again, there was a schools throughout the country estab- I want to thank my colleague Sen- great deal of excitement about the end lish or expand coding education pro- ator CASSIDY for working on this im- of that deployment. The problem, grams for their students. portant issue with me and helping to though, was that it was not coming to Ninety percent of parents want their get it included in this Perkins legisla- an end. The unit had performed very children to study computer science, so tion. I thank all my colleagues for vot- well in northern Iraq, and the Pen- we should be providing them more op- ing for it and the President for signing tagon basically said: We need more portunities. Children in cities, suburbs it. The economy of the future can leave help. We need you to help out in the vi- and rural communities all should have people behind but not if we help pre- cinity around Baghdad. access to these computer science pro- pare them for the future, and part of As it is with the military, the Pen- grams. preparing them for the future is just a tagon didn’t exactly ask the soldiers if

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.026 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 they wanted to extend their deploy- Then-Colonel Shields went on to say: tary communities. Whatever else one ment; they told the soldiers that the It means no wolf pack is stronger than its may say about Alaska’s military value, deployment was going to be extended. individual hunter, and no hunter is more im- it is a great place for military families. That is not unusual. This is the mili- portant than the pack. Individually, we ac- The evaluation teams left with favor- tary. You go where you are told to go complish little. As a team, we accomplish able impressions of what Alaska had to and when you are told to go. Unfortu- much. offer. The Stryker Brigade survived nately, this message was delivered in a The troops endured what turned out this process. Yes, we fought to retain messy and very chaotic way. It was to be a 4-month extension on top of our Airborne Brigade at JBER, but very sudden, and it was without warn- their initial deployment. The unit re- Mike laid very solid groundwork for ing to their families. Some of the ele- turned home by Christmas. The Amer- our ultimate success, and we are very ments of the 172nd had already re- ican Forces Press Service reported on grateful to him for his support of the turned to Fort Wainwright, and ulti- December 15 of 2006 that the Arctic Alaska mission. mately they had to redeploy. They had Wolves earned distinction in Iraq as Throughout, Mike distinguished him- to go back to Iraq. Other elements they took on what then-Army Sec- self through exceptionally meritorious were actually in the air on the way retary Francis Harvey called ‘‘the service and achievement in a multitude home when their planes were turned toughest challenge of any unit in of assignments of increasing responsi- around. Iraq.’’ Again, there are many reasons bility, culminating as the Director of I was in Fairbanks, at Fort Wain- to be very proud of all they have done the Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Or- wright, at the time, and I can recall under the command of Colonel Shields. ganization, and he has proven to be an going through the gates, and there Mike moved on to other challenges. exceptional and inspiring leader there. were areas where there were chain link He was twice promoted following that His selfless service, dedication to fences. Kids had taken papier-mache deployment. He then went back to duty, and unyielding devotion to sol- and stuffed it in the chain link to spell Alaska. I was thrilled when Mike re- diers, sailors, airmen, marines, and co- out the words ‘‘Welcome Home Daddy’’ turned as a major general to command alition partners are in keeping with and hearts. The messages of love and U.S. Army Alaska, which was the finest traditions of military serv- excitement about their dad or their headquartered at Joint Base Elmen- ice. husband coming home were every- dorf-Richardson in Anchorage. He re- The distinctive accomplishments of where. But when the plug is pulled and turned to Alaska in 2013 to command Lieutenant General Shields bring great they are told they are not going to be U.S. Army Alaska. He branded U.S. credit upon himself, the U.S. Army, coming home, it is extraordinarily dis- Army Alaska as the Army’s experts in and the Department of Defense. It is appointing not only for those who have high-altitude, cold-weather ground op- with great pride that I reflect upon his been deployed for this yearlong period erations. outstanding career before the U.S. Sen- but also for those families who are lit- One of our really great—I mean truly ate today. I yield the floor. erally waiting, who knew exactly what great—training assets is the Northern they were going to be wearing when The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Warfare Training Center in Black Rap- ator from Iowa. their dad stepped off that airplane, to ids, AK. Mike ensured that his troops NOMINATION OF BRETT KAVANAUGH be told ‘‘He is not coming home now, were trained at Black Rapids for mis- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, over and we don’t know when he is coming sions that would demand their unique the last several days, the minority home.’’ It was very difficult when these skill sets. He then opened Black Rapids families were told to wait. The families leader has again continued his unprece- to the allied troops who required those dented partisan interference with the were angry. They were upset. They skills. He was really an effective evan- were very angry. They felt they had business of the Senate Judiciary Com- gelist for the Army’s cold-weather mis- mittee. In addition to these partisan been misled and with good cause. sion—a mission of increasing impor- Fortunately, the Army and the Fair- interventions being unwelcomed, many tance as the Arctic has become more banks community just kind of stepped of the minority leader’s assertions are strategic. up to wrap their arms around the fami- just plain false, and other assertions He has told me numerous times of lies during this now-extended deploy- omit significant context. So, as I have some of the challenges of training ment, and things calmed down. These done several times in recent days, I am some of these young soldiers how to ski are military families. They are tough. here to correct the record. in extremely cold conditions with very They have gone through these separa- Let me start by reiterating that the interesting Army-issued skis and tions, and as hard as that had been, confirmation process for Judge they had kind of set their heads right equipment. One of these days, he will Kavanaugh will be the most trans- and said: No. We are going to get challenge me to a race, but I don’t parent in history. That is from the through this. That may have been the know. In knowing the skills of General availability of all the documents that easy part. Shields, I think I am going to pass on are out there for our colleagues to Mike, on the other hand, our colonel, that. study about this nominee. Senators al- had to deal with these problems from a Prior to departing Alaska for his ready have access to the most impor- distance. Baghdad is 5,620 miles and 11 next assignment in 2015, Mike was re- tant part of Judge Kavanaugh’s time zones away from Fairbanks. So quired to host visiting Army officials record—his more than 300 opinions not only did Mike have to manage the who were studying a major downsizing written during his 12 years on the DC challenges of the battlefield in Iraq but that potentially involved the consoli- Circuit, in addition to the hundreds also the challenges of maintaining dation of brigades. Both the 172nd, more opinions he joined, and the more troop morale and focus across all of which was then rebranded the 1st of the than 6,000 pages that were submitted in this time and distance. 25th, and the Airborne Brigade at Joint connection with his Senate Judiciary Part of the problem—and making Base Elmendorf-Richardson were po- questionnaire. matters worse—was that nobody really tentially on the chopping block. Moreover, the Senate will receive knew how long this extension would be. Big Army was looking at a variety of more pages of executive branch docu- When you think about all that goes on scenarios across its enterprise, and ments than the Senate will have re- in a tense situation like that, only the that brought evaluation teams to both ceived for any Supreme Court nominee most outstanding of leaders can really Anchorage and Fairbanks. He showed ever—I anticipate up to 1 million pages pull something like this off, and Mike the evaluation teams our remarkable of documents from Judge Kavanaugh’s proved himself to be the best of the training assets. Even more impor- time in the White House Counsel’s Of- best. He reminded his troops, they tantly, he prepared the teams for what fice and his service in the Office of the needed to stick together in order to they would hear at the community Independent Counsel, along with survive. meetings. What they heard was that records related to his 2006 confirmation He said: ‘‘The strength of the pack is Alaska was a very special place for our to be a judge on the DC Circuit. The the wolf, and the strength of the wolf is military families and that Alaska com- production could be larger than those the pack.’’ That is the motto of the munities went above and beyond what of the last five Supreme Court nomi- Arctic Wolves. was expected in their support of mili- nees combined. Hence, one understands

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.029 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5479 why I am saying this will be the most not budged from its position that it Her Solicitor General documents transparent confirmation process of was entitled to access any of the mil- were, therefore, even more relevant. any Federal Supreme Court Justice. lions and millions of pages of docu- Democratic leaders, then, are rewriting The other side is pretending like the ments that ever went through the Bush the Kagan standard to further their most expansive and transparent con- White House. These demands were un- stalling tactics. firmation process in history is not good precedented, were unreasonable, and The minority leader also tried to enough. Despite this expansive and were obviously intended to delay the draw a parallel—or parallels—with the transparent confirmation process and confirmation process. request for documents from Justice that Senators already have Judge I couldn’t allow this tactic to further Sotomayor’s time as a board member Kavanaugh’s entire judicial record in delay this important business of the of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and front of them already, Democratic committee. So, as chairman, I sent a Education Fund. This, however, was a leaders continue to make unreasonable records request for the White House narrow request, closely tailored to a demands for more and more docu- Counsel’s documents because we need- specific need for information. It re- ments. In fact, they demand access to ed to keep this process moving. We sulted in the production of approxi- every email and every other document couldn’t be stalling. It is unfortunate mately 100 documents, not millions of ever written or received by every staff- the ranking member didn’t agree to documents, as are involved with the er who ever worked in the Bush White sign it because the letter requested White House Staff Secretary. House. They want these records in documents that both sides agreed we In contrast, Democratic leaders de- order to fish for documents that mere- should have. Both sides agreed with the mand access to every single one of the ly mention Brett Kavanaugh’s name. documents that were in my letter, but millions and millions of pages of In other words, they, essentially, want there was no signature from the minor- emails and other records from every access to every document that ever ity. one of the 100 staffers who served in the went through the Bush White House. The minority leader, Senator SCHU- Now, this is really beyond unreason- White House with Judge Kavanaugh. MER, also says we should have followed As I have said repeatedly, I will not put able, and it is not a very serious pro- the precedent established during Jus- posal. During Judge Kagan’s confirma- the American taxpayers on the hook tice Kagan’s nomination. In suggesting for the Senate Democrats’ fishing expe- tion, then-Chairman LEAHY was ada- this point, he is rewriting history. He mant that documents merely men- dition. may not know that, but he is. He con- Clearly, losing on the substantive ar- tioning Justice Kagan’s name veniently forgets that both Democrats shouldn’t be produced. This is just one guments, the minority leader has even and Republicans agreed we shouldn’t resorted to personally attacking Mr. example of Democratic leaders’ not fol- have requested documents from Justice lowing the Kagan standard. Bill Burck, President George W. Bush’s Kagan’s time as Solicitor General. Ev- attorney. Mr. Burck has been one of The motive behind the unreasonable eryone agreed that the Kagan Solicitor demands for documents is obvious: President Bush’s designated represent- General documents were too sensitive Democratic leaders want to stall Judge atives for the Presidential Records Act, for disclosure and, in fact, could chill Kavanaugh’s confirmation in any way going way back to 2009. He is a leading the candidness of internal delibera- possible. They hope to bury the Senate partner in one of America’s most re- tions for future Presidents and their in mountains of irrelevant documents spected and, I think, most liberal law counsel—their Solicitor General. firms. to delay his confirmation hearing and This same respect for confidentiality I am told that he has insisted that no to perhaps deny him a vote during this should apply with greater force, then, current Congress. lawyer be selected to participate in the to Staff Secretary documents, which The ranking member’s hometown review of President Bush’s White House include some of the most sensitive pol- newspaper reported this scheme over papers on the basis of his or her party icy advice going directly to a Presi- the weekend. The headline used the affiliation or political ideology. More- dent. In this case, it was President word ‘‘stall.’’ over, Mr. Burck has taken the time to George W. Bush. Indeed, the White The San Francisco Chronicle called personally meet with the ranking House Staff Secretary is essentially it ‘‘a tactic that could postpone a deci- member’s staff and answer all of their the inbox and outbox for the President sion until after the midterm elec- questions about the document review of the United States. Now, that is not tions.’’ The article explained: ‘‘The process that I am describing to you to say that it is not a very important Democrats’ strategy . . . is to demand here. to see every document that crossed position, but it doesn’t get involved in much policy. The minority leader said at a press Kavanaugh’s desk while he served as conference today that the review by President George W. Bush’s staff sec- The Senate’s current task is to evaluate the qualifications of Judge President Bush’s lawyers ‘‘wouldn’t be retary from 2003 to 2006.’’ In other so bad if he also got a full set of docu- words, the Democratic leaders are de- Kavanaugh, not to relitigate every po- litical and policy disagreement from ments from the Archives.’’ Well, that is manding these documents in order to exactly what I expect to happen—in needlessly delay the process rather President George W. Bush’s 8 years in the White House. other words, a full set of documents than for legitimate purposes. Yet these from the Archives. tactics aren’t going to work. As my Democratic colleagues keep Let me address some of the minority pointing out, Judge Kavanaugh has de- President Bush has offered to give us leader’s specific points. scribed how his time as Staff Secretary access to copies of documents that we He says, traditionally, the Senate Ju- was a formative experience for him. requested from the Archives so that we diciary Committee sends a bipartisan Well, Justice Kagan said the same on the committee can quickly begin letter that requests documents, and he thing about her time as Solicitor Gen- our review of Judge Kavanaugh’s said we should have sent out this letter eral, but in the case of Kagan, the record while the Archives works 2 weeks ago. What the minority leader Democrats refused to request her through our document request. The mi- fails to point out is, my staff worked records. nority leader could have learned this extensively with the ranking member’s On top of the undisputed relevance of by simply having a conversation with staff to attempt to identify specific Solicitor General material, Judge me instead of putting on a political Staff Secretary records that might be Kagan, however, lacked a judicial show in front of TV cameras earlier of some interest to the Democrats, but record. In other words, unlike the more today. the Democratic staff was not inter- than 300 opinions that Judge I must also address the minority ested in a reasonable compromise, in- Kavanaugh authored and the hundreds leader’s unprecedented intervention cluding my attempts to get them even more opinions that he joined in during into the business of the Judiciary Com- more documents than the up to 1 mil- his 12 years of service on the DC Cir- mittee. The minority leader is not a lion pages of documents we were al- cuit, Justice Kagan had zero judicial member of that committee. We are not ready in the process of receiving. opinions that she offered, zero judicial going to let him run the committee. I After multiple rounds of negotiation, opinions that she joined, and zero years am the chairman of that committee. the ranking member’s staff still had of judicial service. He has no business inserting himself

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.031 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 into the committee’s business, includ- process as long as possible. As you can Ranking Member SMITH in the House. I ing the manner in which the com- tell from my remarks today—and my thank them for their hard work on this mittee will obtain the documents need- remarks three or four times since bill. ed to review Judge Kavanaugh’s record. Judge Kavanaugh was appointed—I am It always gets around to the big four, But last week he sent a letter to not going to allow the minority to after we all meet and we have the President George W. Bush, asking him abuse the process. meetings with the House and the Sen- to release all records from Judge I yield the floor. ate, our joint conference meetings. But Kavanaugh’s service in the White The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- then there are always some things that House, while at the same time criti- ator from Oklahoma. need to be done, and they have to be cizing the way that President Bush has Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I ask done by the big four. I have been in- chosen to review those records. This unanimous consent that I be recog- volved with several of these, and this letter was an inappropriate attempt to nized to speak as in morning business year, of course, the chairman of the meddle in the committee’s business, for up to 15 minutes. House committee, the acting chairman and I am disappointed that my Demo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the Senate committee, and the rank- cratic colleagues on the committee are objection, it is so ordered. ing members worked very hard, and we tolerating that sort of intervention. Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, let me got this done. I have also learned that the minority just follow up on the remarks of my So we should all be proud of this leader called the Archivist on Monday friend from Iowa. week’s National Defense Authorization and asked him to ‘‘do the right thing’’ I think most of us around this Cham- Act, but we shouldn’t lose sight of why with regard to the documents. ber had a chance to meet Judge it is so important. We need to remem- I was disappointed to hear that the Kavanaugh. I am in kind of a unique ber the degraded state of our military. minority leader was attempting to situation in that I am not a lawyer. So I don’t mean this in a partisan way, pressure a government official—one ap- I ask different questions than most but we had 8 years of the Obama ad- pointed by President Obama, can you people do, but I was already convinced, ministration, and one thing that I have believe—with regard to the commit- judging from his history in voting and always appreciated about previously tee’s business. his adherence and commitment to the Senator Obama and then-President I also want to address one argument Constitution, that he is my kind of Obama is that he is a real, sincere, in- that my colleague on the Judiciary guy. In fact, I even sent a message to the-heart liberal. Quite often, the pri- Committee, the senior Senator from Il- him saying: Don’t bother wasting your orities of those individuals are not the linois, has made. My colleague believes time on me because you don’t need to. same as some of us, particularly in a Judge Kavanaugh misled the com- But, nonetheless, he came. strong national defense. So we are real- mittee during his 2006 confirmation This is what is interesting about this ly hurting. hearing when he said he was not in- guy. Everything that the Senator from At the end of the Obama administra- volved in developing the Bush adminis- Iowa said is true, but over and above tion, in 2016, only 33 percent of our bri- tration’s detention and interrogation that, I have had personal conversations gade combat teams were at sufficient policies. The senior Senator pointed to with people who were from his home levels to be deployed; only a quarter of our aviation brigades were ready; and a media report that described a 2002 church. There was one lady who was a just 40 percent of the Marines’ F–18s meeting in the White House in which close friend of Judge Kavanaugh whose were flyable—only 40 percent—because Judge Kavanaugh advised whether his husband died, and every time there is the first thing somebody does when former boss, Justice Kennedy, would an event, such as a parent-student they are cutting down on the expense accept a legal argument about Amer- event, Judge Kavanaugh would go and of a strong military is they do away ican citizens’ access to counsel. get the children of his deceased friend with the maintenance, and that is the These allegations have no merit, and and take them to the events as if he problem we had. We were short 1,500 pi- here is why. Offering advice on the po- were their father. It is not very often lots and had shrunk the force by nearly tential success of a legal position sug- that we see that kind of compassion in 100,000 servicemembers despite growing gested by others—meaning others in somebody. So we had a conversation threats around the world. the White House Staff Secretary’s Of- about those things and I was very ex- cited about it. I don’t think anyone can argue that fice—does not show involvement in de- this is a threatened world. I think it is NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION BILL veloping detention and interrogation the most threatened our country has policies. Mr. President, on Thursday we are ever been. Countries around the world Multiple sources have confirmed that going to be passing a bill that I con- have the capability of firing a rocket Judge Kavanaugh wasn’t involved in sider every year to be the most signifi- and hitting a city in America. That developing detention and interrogation cant bill of the year. We know it is didn’t used to be the case. You had to policies. Moreover, these allegations going to pass because it has passed be a giant in order to be one of the were already referred to the Depart- every year for the last 57 years. It is leaders. Now we have people out there ment of Justice, which concluded that going to pass. It is named the John S. whose judgment we have to question, they didn’t even warrant opening an McCain National Defense Authoriza- and they have this capability. So we investigation. tion Act, and I am pleased that this have a lot of things. I will further point out that this 2002 conference report is the result of an We have fallen behind China and Rus- meeting occurred while Judge open and bipartisan process. sia. This year’s national defense strat- Kavanaugh was in the White House I have to thank, first of all, Chair- egy—the first in a decade—rightfully Counsel’s Office and, as I have ex- man MCCAIN and his staff for working recognized that China and Russia are plained, the entire Senate—or at least so diligently in leading the legislation strategic adversaries and competitors. the entire Judiciary Committee—is that bears his name. This year’s NDAA We are also falling behind especially going to have access to Judge is a fitting testament to him. We are in technologies that will define the fu- Kavanaugh’s White House Counsel talking about JOHN MCCAIN’s policies ture of deterrence and capabilities. records. and his priorities and the lasting leg- Look at hypersonic weapons. In short, I am proud to preside over acy on our Nation. John is a true Hypersonic weapons operate at five what will be the most transparent con- American hero. So it is appropriate times the speed of sound. They are still firmation process in history. As they that we name this bill after him. in the experimental stage. We are have said publicly, Democratic leaders I also want to thank Ranking Mem- working on it, but we are behind China are firmly opposed to Judge ber REED. Senator REED has been by and Russia. They are both ahead of us Kavanaugh’s confirmation, and they my side. The two of us have worked at this time. have also said that they will do what- this Defense authorization bill now for The nuclear triad is a modernization ever it takes to defeat Judge several months, and we have been very program. Over the 8 Obama years, we Kavanaugh. They would like to bury busy doing that. We have been working didn’t do anything in that. Con- the Senate in a mountain of irrelevant closely with Chairman THORNBERRY sequently, during those years, both documents to delay the confirmation over in the House, as well as with China and Russia passed us up.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.032 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5481 Long-range artillery. Artillery is systems to enhance credible combat I want to speak for a minute about measured by the rapid fire and by the power. the historical significance of this legis- range, and right now, in both cases of The NDAA also calls out China for il- lation because the history of the Na- rapid fire and range, China and Russia legally creating and fortifying islands tional Defense Authorization Act is a are ahead of us. in the South China Sea. I was in the distinguished one. The national defense strategy identi- South China Sea about a month ago. As I mentioned before, we have fied these vulnerabilities, but it is our Our allies are looking at us and look- passed this for 57 consecutive years. responsibility to take that strategy ing at China, and wondering, whose This is the 58th year. But what is and turn it into policy, and that is ex- side do we want to be on? Because all unique is the fact that we are passing actly what we are doing. This year’s they see is what is happening in China. the legislation this week—a record for NDAA does that. We are investing in Those are illegal islands. They don’t how quickly in the year it will be training, maintenance, and moderniza- own the land under them. There are passed and signed into law. This was tion, restoring our qualitative and some seven different islands exceeding deliberate. We are moving quickly, but quantitative advantage around the 3,000 acres that are as if they are pre- we are thorough, considering hundreds world. I say restoring, not achieving, paring for World War III. So we know of bipartisan amendments in both com- because we lost it. The Chairman of what their capability is. We know what mittee markup and on the floor. This our Joint Chiefs of Staff, in the fifth the problems are. will be the earliest an NDAA has Then, of course, the NDAA counters year of the Obama administration, said passed since 1996 when we were consid- Russia’s growing aggression and influ- that we are losing our qualitative and ering the legislation for fiscal year ence across Eastern Europe by direct- quantitative advantage around the 1997. So it is the result of the legisla- ing a study on permanently stationing world. It is kind of hard for people to tive process working. U.S. forces in Poland and conducting a conceive of this. I am used to the fact We set a budget in February and are study on Russia’s malign influence authorizing the funding well in ad- that most people believed and probably around the world. That is in this bill. vance of next year’s fiscal year. So now still believe today that the United So we are actually going to take some States has the very best of everything. action. we can and should turn our attention Well, we have the best troops and the It wasn’t long ago—I think in to passing the necessary appropriations best-trained troops, but our equipment March—that the RAND Corporation, bill on time that aligns with that is not all that good, and so we are which makes assessments as to what which we are authorizing today. doing everything to try to change that. our capabilities are, said that Russia is About 5 years ago, we were all the So that is the situation in which we to the point right now that if they were way to December before we passed this find ourselves. This year’s NDAA will to take on NATO, including our forces bill. To remind you, if we don’t get it fully fund the key priorities we have in NATO and Western Europe, that done by the end of December, it means identified that will ensure that our they would win. That is a pretty fright- we are not going to get flight pay and Armed Forces have the training, re- ening thought. hazard pay to our troops who are sources, and equipment they need to The bill continues limitations on standing in harm’s way. So we have complete their mission. We fully fund U.S.-Russia military cooperation and done a good job on this. I am anxious what is needed to modernize the force, provides defensive lethal aid to to get this out of the way and vote it including procurement for aircraft, Ukraine. I happened to be in Ukraine into law, which is going to take place shipbuilding, and artillery. with President Poroshenko way back on Thursday. Procurement has always been a prob- when they had their Parliamentary We have to remember that without lem. It has been a problem since I was elections. I think it was about 4 years consistent, continued funding, the crit- serving in the House on the House ago. That was the first time they had a ical reforms in this year’s NDAA will Armed Services Committee. We are ad- Parliamentary election where there not be possible, and we won’t be able to dressing this problem as it has not was not one Communist in the Ukraine make the needed investments to re- been addressed before. Parliament. He was very, very proud. store our competitive advantage over We have now fully funded in this bill Of course that upset Russia, and Putin China and Russia. That is exactly what the modernization of our Nation’s nu- started sending people into Ukraine we are going to do—we are going to re- clear strategy, including the develop- and killing them, and our President at store what we have lost, and it is all ment of low-yield nuclear weapons and that time, President Obama, would not happening in this bill. I think we will a layered missile defense. A lot of peo- allow us to send defensive weapons in have the chance on Thursday to vote ple don’t realize that Russia had low- there to help them. for what I consider to be the most sig- yield nuclear weapons and we didn’t. It keeps faith with our troops by pro- nificant legislation each year. So we are trying to catch up in those viding a 2.6-percent military pay in- Mr. President, I yield the floor. areas. crease—the first one in about 10 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- We fully funded support for critical years—and it is modernizing the officer ator from Rhode Island. allies and partners, including the Af- personnel system and supporting our Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, I ghanistan security forces, coalition troops and military families. ask unanimous consent to speak for up support, Iraqi security forces, and When Senator REED and I started on to 20 minutes as in morning business. Israel. this process, we shared a commitment The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without We have increased end strength to to making sure that this year’s NDAA objection, it is so ordered. align with the President’s budget re- is more than just another piece of leg- CLIMATE CHANGE quest and adapt to the growing threats islation; rather, that it is a message to Mr. WHITEHOUSE. Mr. President, from around the world. Now, this each and every one of our servicemem- the big oil companies—particularly sounds easy, but it is not because we bers. And we did that. The NDAA tells Exxon, Shell, BP, and Chevron—want are starting from behind. The NDAA them that they are our top priority. It us to believe they have turned over a bill we are going to vote on on Thurs- is what we have to do to defend Amer- new leaf, that they are finally in favor day goes beyond the President’s re- ica. After all, the No. 1 thing we should of climate action. All four of them quest to provide greater funding for re- be doing around here is defending claimed to support the Paris Agree- search and development, ensuring that America. A lot of people have forgotten ment, and Exxon, Shell, and BP all we can continue to focus on new and that there is an old document around claim to support putting a price on car- emerging threats, like hypersonics, that nobody reads anymore called the bon emissions—a price that would re- space, and cyber. Constitution. The Constitution says flect the costs of the damage climate We are standing up to China by what we are supposed to be doing: de- change inflicts on the environment, the strengthening our position across the fending America. I am proud to say economy, and public health. Pacific region. This bill provides sup- that we did. Every soldier, sailor, air- For example, this is on Exxon’s port to our allies who stand up against man, and marine can look at this legis- website: ‘‘ExxonMobil believes a rev- China’s military and economic coer- lation and know they have the support enue-neutral carbon tax would be a cion and procures deployable airbase and commitment of their country. more effective policy option than. . . .’’

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:07 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.034 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 and it lists other options. ‘‘A properly Again, far more than from any other ance at least $1.7 million. A sister orga- designed carbon tax can be predictable, industry. nization that shares both the manage- transparent, and comparatively simple As they say, follow the money. Then, ment and the office space of this phony to understand and implement.’’ where were the big oil companies on front group received at least $160,000 So it looks as if they are supporting SCALISE’s resolution? Not one opposed from Exxon. a properly designed carbon tax, but is it. In fact, when contacted by the ALEC: Koch-connected foundations that support for pricing carbon emis- press, Exxon, BP, and Shell all declined gave ALEC at least $600,000. We know sions real, or is it just PR, just to comment on the Scalise resolution, Koch Industries is also a donor, but we greenwashing by companies desperate but they noted their general support don’t know how much it has given. We to improve their images? Well, Senator for carbon pricing. know Exxon gave at least $1.6 million SCHATZ and I introduced a carbon price When you look at what the big oil before announcing this month it was bill in 2014 to put a fee on products that companies actually do on carbon pric- cutting ties with ALEC. The American produce carbon dioxide emissions, and ing proposals, their general support for Petroleum Institute gave at least we have reintroduced it in every Con- carbon pricing begins to look purely $88,000, while Chevron gave at least gress since. If the oil companies really hypothetical—or hypocritical. ‘‘Gen- $20,000. Shell and BP also used to fund supported putting a price on carbon eral support’’ probably gets them a lit- this front group—we don’t know quite emissions, you would think they might tle good PR, fools the unwary, and I how much they gave—before they quit have come to see us, the authors of guess it lets their executives hobnob in 2015. that carbon price bill. You would think with movers and shakers at cocktail American Commitment received at that if the oil companies really sup- parties in Davos or at home at their least $21 million from Koch-affiliated ported putting a price on carbon emis- golf clubs, without having to bear any organizations. sions, they might have supported our shame for disgraceful behavior on cli- The Competitive Enterprise Insti- bill or lobbied other Senators to sup- mate change. tute: Exxon gave at least $2 million. port it or even come to us to say: You This phony general support is also Koch-affiliated organizations gave at know, we would like to support your belied by the climate denial infrastruc- least $5.2 million. bill, but you need to change this or ture the oil companies have set up and Americans for Limited Government that. funded for years. They have under- received at least $5.6 million from Well, they have done none of that. written dozens of climate-denying Koch-affiliated groups. Despite their public-facing pronounce- front groups over the years. Guess The so-called National Black Cham- ments on a carbon fee or tax, as they what. Their front groups sprang into ber of Commerce: Exxon gave at least call it, we have had no visits from oil action to support the Scalise anti-car- $1 million. American Petroleum Insti- company representatives to our offices bon pricing resolution. It is a neat lit- tute gave at least $75,000. Koch-affili- to work on this bill, no support for our tle trick. You say you support carbon ated organizations gave at least $25,000. bill—or any other—no lobbying to help pricing, and then you deploy an ar- Americans for Tax Reform: API, the or amend our bill. Nothing. Zero. Zilch. mada of front groups that you funded American Petroleum Institute, gave at Nada. over the years to make sure the thing least $525,000. Koch-affiliated groups Meanwhile, back at the ranch, the you claim to support never comes to gave at least $330,000. giant trade associations these oil com- pass. The Caesar Rodney Institute: Koch- panies fund—the American Petroleum On July 9, 18 of these phony front affiliated groups gave at least $50,000. Institute, the U.S. Chamber of Com- groups wrote to House Speaker PAUL The Caesar Rodney Institute is part of merce, and the National Association of RYAN urging him to bring the Scalise the larger so-called State Policy Net- Manufacturers—are all working hard resolution up for a vote. This letter as- work, which itself is funded by the to ensure that Republicans oppose car- serts that pricing carbon emissions Koch organization. bon pricing and, indeed, any proposals would harm the economy, citing a to reduce carbon emissions. bogus study from the fossil fuel indus- FreedomWorks has received at least Look what the big oil companies do try-funded National Association of $2.5 million from Koch-affiliated when the prospect of getting a carbon Manufacturers. groups and at least $130,000 from the fee on the books looks real. This fall, By the way, I work pretty well with American Petroleum Institute. voters in Washington State will vote the manufacturers in my State, and The Heartland Institute—there are on a ballot initiative that would ini- there isn’t a manufacturer in my State some beauties—Koch-affiliated groups tially put a price on carbon. It would that subscribes to the National Asso- gave at least $7.1 million, and Heart- price carbon emissions at $15 per ton. ciation of Manufacturers’ climate-de- land got at least $730,000 from Exxon. Who is funding the campaign against nying, anti-climate action policies. This is the group, by the way, that has this carbon price initiative? You Somebody somewhere is interjecting compared climate scientists to the guessed it, the oil companies, the very themselves so the national organiza- Unabomber—a real classy group. I can same oil companies that claim to sup- tion has become the tool of the fossil see why the others would want to asso- port a carbon fee. Already, Shell, BP, fuel industry, but that is not recog- ciate with them. and Chevron have pledged to pour dol- nized in Rhode Island. The National Center for Public Pol- lars into a super PAC created by the It is not so easy to follow the money icy Research received at least $445,000 Western States Petroleum Association, behind all these phony front groups from Exxon and at least $300,000 from which is another trade association that that wrote this letter. They and their Koch-affiliated groups. fronts for them to oppose this carbon donors are all very secretive about The Energy & Environment Legal In- pricing initiative. The oil companies that. After all, it ruins the purpose of stitute—here is another beauty—re- are backing the opposition in Congress a phony front group if everyone can see ceived at least $500,000 from Koch-af- also. the fossil fuel hand in the phony-front- filiated groups. Energy & Environment In the House, Majority Whip STEVE group glove. Enterprising reporters and Legal Institute, by the way, is a par- SCALISE got wind that some of his Re- researchers have been able to shine a ticularly creepy group whose function publican Members were working on little light into this dark money den. is actually to harass legitimate sci- carbon fee legislation. He introduced Let’s see how much money these entists. That is actually what they do. legislation stating that pricing carbon front groups have received from the Another super classy group. You can emissions would be bad for the econ- four major oil companies, from the understand why they would all want to omy. Guess who SCALISE’s most gen- American Petroleum Institute, and be affiliated with them. erous donors are. You guessed it, the from trusts and foundations associated Western Energy Alliance is an oil and oil and gas industry. The industry has with the fossil fuel magnate Koch gas industry trade association. The given his campaign more than $1.1 mil- brothers. group’s website promises its fossil fuel lion, far more than any other industry American Energy Alliance, the top members that it will ‘‘actively influ- has given him. The oil and gas industry one there: Koch-connected organiza- ence regulatory actions and legislation has also given his PAC $1.5 million. tions gave the American Energy Alli- on behalf of your business.’’ It is no

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:07 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.035 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5483 mystery who is behind this group, but, University and serious think tanks intellectual property anywhere in the as usual, funding details are hidden. who study this stuff or the dozens of world. The Cornwall Alliance’s funders are blue-chip companies that all say pric- In the United States alone, they have secret. When I tell you a bit more ing carbon emissions would be good for been sued for patent infringement 126 about it, you can see why they would the economy, House Republicans lis- times in the last 5 years. That is an as- want to be secret. I can tell you, I have tened to these phony fossil fuel-funded tonishing figure, particularly as only a seen this bogus front group turning up front groups, including the group that small subset of firms have the re- constantly on the climate denial odd- equated climate scientists with the sources to even bring litigation before ball fringe, with other front groups Unabomber and the group founded by a Federal court. ZTE has reportedly funded by Big Oil. What is more, the the guy who thinks evolution is fake been sued for patent infringement at Cornwall Alliance’s founder doesn’t be- news and AIDS is punishment for being least 100 times in other countries lieve in evolution, thinks that torna- gay. around the world. This is a company does are a punishment from God, and, How low will you go when your big that has developed by stealing high quite despicably, believes AIDS is a donors whistle? We just saw. The reso- technology from U.S. companies and punishment for being gay—a really lution was rammed through the House. other institutions around the world. great guy for Speaker RYAN to be tak- The failure of the U.S. Congress to Second, ZTE poses an espionage ing advice from and a great company act on our climate crisis is a failure of threat to the United States—trans- for all the rest of these groups to be American democracy. When untold lated: spying on Americans. This past keeping. tens, even hundreds of millions of spe- February, FBI Director Wray testified CO2 Science received at least $100,000 cial interest dollars slosh through our before the Senate Intelligence Com- from Exxon and $280,000 from Koch-af- political system, what voice do the mittee saying: filiated organizations. citizens of Rhode Island have or the We are deeply concerned about the risks of The Mississippi Center for Public citizens of Florida or Louisiana who allowing any company or entity that is be- holden to foreign governments that don’t Policy received at least $340,000 from are also confronting ever-rising seas share our values to gain positions of power Koch-affiliated organizations and is caused by climate change? inside our telecommunications networks. also a member of that Koch-funded so- When corporate dark money rules That provides the capacity to exert pressure called State Policy Network. and phony front groups get more polit- or control over our telecommunications in- The Institute for Liberty received at ical respect than Nobel Prize-winning frastructure. It provides the capacity to ma- least $1.8 million from Koch-affiliated economists—on matters of economics, liciously modify or steal information, and it organizations. no less—what chance is there for rea- provides the capacity to conduct undetected espionage. That is a grand total of over $54 mil- son and truth in this body? lion from Big Oil and their climate de- The fossil fuel industry and its trade That answer was in response to ques- nial allies in the Koch network, and associations and front groups have tions from the Senator from Florida, that is the minimum. That is what we taken the Republican Party hostage who is now presiding. know. That is what has leaked through and, with it, our American democracy. ZTE has stolen American technology. the darkness. Because all these groups It is corruption in plain view, and According to our national security offi- cials—not just the Director of the FBI and donors are so secretive about their history’s judgment will not be kind. It but also the head of NSA, or the Na- clandestine funding network, we know is seriously, urgently time for us to tional Security Agency; and the DNI, the total is, if anything, much higher. wake up. Of course, a sophisticated political I yield the floor. or the Director of National Intel- ligence; and the head of the CIA—ZTA operative like Speaker RYAN recog- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. poses an espionage threat. nized that these were phony front RUBIO). The Senator from Maryland. Now, on top of that—on top of that— NATIONAL SECURITY groups and blew this letter off in order ZTE was caught violating the U.S. to pursue the people’s serious business Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, sanctions against North Korea and before the House. the plan had been for me to join with Iran, and it is not just that they got Actually, no. What did Speaker RYAN the Senator from Florida, now the Pre- caught, but when they got caught, they do? He agreed to bring the Scalise reso- siding Officer, to address our concerns tried to cover it up. lution to the floor for a vote, of course. in two areas. One has to do with the They were warned not just once but With his caucus essentially a wholly Chinese telecommunications company twice, and, again, despite that, they owned subsidiary of the fossil fuel in- ZTE and the threat that it poses to the engaged in what Secretary of Com- dustry, how could he have said no? national security of the United States. merce Wilbur Ross called a ‘‘multiyear Money talks, and big money com- The second is to discuss the urgent conspiracy to violate U.S. sanctions mands. need for this Senate to take action to against North Korea and Iran in an With the resolution heading for a protect the integrity of our democracy elaborate scheme of coverup.’’ That is vote, the front groups reappeared—this by passing the bipartisan DETER Act, why, just a few months back—I think time, 41 strong, the whole fossil fuel which Senator RUBIO and I have intro- it was in June—Secretary Ross im- front group armada was deployed—with duced. posed very stiff sanctions on ZTE, in- a letter to all House Members. Since the Senator from Florida is cluding what is called the denial order, I don’t want to go through the list now presiding in the Chair, I will do to stop them from getting advanced again and add the new groups and my best to cover this for both of us, technology components from U.S. com- which received funding from Big Oil and I know that he will have an oppor- panies that ZTE could then use in their and which from the Koch network and tunity at some other point to cover phones and their telecommunications which from both, but suffice it to say, these important issues as well. systems and then use that to conduct almost all of them have been funded by First, as for ZTE, it is a Chinese tele- espionage against the United States. the oil industry and/or the Koch net- communications company. It is a tele- Secretary Ross did the exact right work or are otherwise tied to them. communications company that has thing. Unfortunately, his decision to This is the web of denial my Senate been exhibit A in the mix of Chinese impose that denial order was reversed colleagues and I have come to the floor companies that have stolen U.S. tech- by the President of the United States. to call out before. nology. When the President reversed that With this type of orchestrated lob- In fact, when Secretary Pompeo was order, Senators here, on a bipartisan bying campaign by the fossil fuel front before the Senate a while ago, talking basis—the Senator from Florida, Mr. groups, passage of the Scalise resolu- about the relationships between the RUBIO; the Senator from Arkansas, Mr. tion was assured. Indeed, only six Chinese Government and Chinese com- COTTON; and others, including Senator House Republicans had the courage to panies and talking about how they WARNER—thought it was important to vote against their fossil fuel overlords. were stealing U.S. intellectual prop- protect the national security of the Instead of listening to, say, Nobel erty secrets for their own purposes, United States by reimposing those im- Prize-winning economist Joseph ZTE would be on the top of that list. It portant sanctions that the Secretary of Stiglitz or the researchers at Columbia is one of the most notorious thieves of Commerce had put in.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.037 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 How did we do that? We added a pro- They document what they are doing to we have an election that the people of vision to the National Defense Author- try to prevent that disinformation this country can have confidence in ization Act that passed overwhelm- campaign. and that we would prioritize making ingly in this body. That provision was We have the testimony of Dan Coats, sure that we protect the integrity of first inserted in the Senate Banking the Director of National Intelligence, our democratic system. What Putin Committee. It was then included in and other intelligence agency heads. wants to do is to undermine the con- what is called the CFIUS bill, and then We have Facebook. We also know that fidence in the democratic system. He it was passed by this body. the Russians—and, specifically, the wants to do that in the United States We urged the conferees in the Senate same operation, GRU, that interfered of America. He wants to do that to our and the House on the Defense bill to in the 2016 elections—have already at- allies around the world, and we can’t keep that provision in there and not let tempted to interfere in three elections let that happen. ZTE off the hook. During that short for 2018. So this is not a moment where the period of time while it was in con- We know one that has been made Senate should just have hearings or ference, a couple months, ZTE spent public, the Senator from Missouri, Mrs. just talk about it. This is a moment for over $1.3 million to hire Washington MCCASKILL, where the Russians at- action, and I join the Presiding Offi- lobbyists to help them pull that provi- tempted to get into their system ahead cer—and I am sorry he wasn’t able to sion out of the Defense authorization of the 2018 elections. We know all of join me here because of his duty in the bill. The sad and really shameful story this is happening, and it would be sur- Chair—but I want to join him not as here is that ZTE and their lobbyists rendering our obligation as Members of Republicans or Democrats but as succeeded. They succeeded in lifting the Senate, both Republicans and Americans who want to defend our de- that penalty on ZTE. Democrats, for us not to take action to mocracy. Let’s get this job done now. We have just sent the worst of all sig- defend the integrity of our elections. Let’s protect the integrity of our nals to China—whether it is ZTE or The clock is ticking—98 days to go to democratic process. Huawei or others—that we are not real- the elections. I yield the floor. ly serious when we say that if we catch We know from our intelligence agen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- you violating our sanctions, we will cies, we know from the evidence that ator from Oregon. punish you, or that we are not serious surfaced today from Facebook, and we Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, before he in defending our country from espio- know from the fact that they have al- leaves the floor, I want to commend nage, or that we are not serious about ready interfered or attempted to inter- our colleague from Maryland and the defending our country from the theft of fere in three elections for 2018 that this Presiding Officer for the good work our intellectual property. That is a ter- Russian effort is coming. So for good- they have done on this issue. rible and very weak message to send. ness’ sake, don’t we have an obligation As a Member of the Intelligence I am going to keep fighting along to do everything we can to stop it? Committee, I have seen firsthand what with our colleagues, on a bipartisan That is exactly why Senator RUBIO, this has meant. I had a chance, as my basis, to keep the pressure on these who is presiding now, and I joined to- colleague the Presiding Officer knows, issues, on ZTE and Huawei, because if gether to introduce the DETER Act. It to question Mr. Ervin Nina, who has we do not get serious about con- is a very straight forward, simple idea. been chosen Vice President for a key fronting these threats, they will con- You need to send a signal in advance to job in the intelligence field, and I tinue to come back to bite us. Vladimir Putin that if Russia gets asked him pointblank if he considered I am very disappointed that the con- caught again, if it gets caught this ZTE an espionage threat to this day, ferees did not include that provision, time interfering in the 2018 elections, and the answer was yes. and it does raise serious questions there will be automatic and harsh pen- We are now going to spend the next about a bill that provides for our na- alties imposed on Russia and it will hour talking about Medicare and Med- tional defense: Why would it have a big hurt Russia’s economy. It will hit them icaid. This is the 53rd anniversary. But loophole in it that creates an oppor- where it hurts. That is what the before he leaves the floor, I wanted to tunity for China to harm our national DETER Act does. commend my colleague from Maryland security? Everything we have heard about Rus- and the Presiding Officer on the Intel- Now, there is another way that our sian conduct and behavior is that it is ligence Committee for their good work. adversaries can harm our national se- important to try to send these signals 53RD ANNIVERSARY OF MEDICARE AND MEDICAID curity, and that is to interfere in our early if you want to influence their be- Mr. President, this week marks the elections to try to undermine our de- havior. So what we need to do is to es- 53rd anniversary of Medicare and Med- mocracy. We know from the heads of tablish a very credible threat that if icaid, our bedrock Federal healthcare all the intelligence agencies that this they interfere and they get caught programs. is exactly what happened in 2016. Our again, they will face the penalty. I am pleased to be joined by my col- focus in this body should be on making So what the DETER Act does is it leagues. I see Senators CARDIN and sure that no country interferes in our says that the Director of National In- WHITEHOUSE wanting to participate and elections again. telligence, on behalf of the intelligence know of Senator COONS’ support for We all know that suspect No. 1 has community, will make an assessment these programs. Our colleagues will be been Russia. Russia was the country about whether or not Russia interfered talking today about why these pro- that interfered in 2016, and we know in the 2018 election. This assessment grams are so vitally important to tens that Russia is planning to interfere in would take place shortly after the 2018 of millions of Americans—literally the 2018 midterm elections and beyond. elections, and if their finding is yes, generations of our people. How do we know that? Well, first of then very harsh penalties take place. Medicare and Medicaid have stood all, the Director of National Intel- Now, we can talk about the details in the test of time because the American ligence, Dan Coats, a former Member of the coming days and make sure that people have long understood the value this body, has said that all of the lights we get this exactly right, but where of a healthcare guarantee, particularly are flashing red—a big warning that there should be no debate—there for seniors and the most vulnerable Russia plans to interfere in our mid- should be no debate—is about the need among us. Medicare—and my col- term elections, which are 98 days away. to do something along the lines of the leagues on the Finance Committee talk We also learned just today that DETER Act and to do it urgently. a fair amount about it—isn’t a piece of Facebook uncovered an ongoing effort As I said, the clock is ticking. We paper, and it isn’t a voucher. It is a by foreign social media entities to dis- know how the Senate operates. There guarantee, and Americans have always rupt our 2018 elections. This is an ongo- is not really that much time between understood that was the case. ing process right now. This was the now and the elections, given all the It wasn’t that long ago when there headline today in the Washington Post: other things that we have to do, but I wasn’t a guarantee. Getting older or ‘‘Facebook says it has uncovered a co- hope the Senate would prioritize de- falling on hardship meant healthcare ordinated disinformation operation fending our democracy. I hope the Sen- was one of the first of life’s necessities ahead of the 2018 midterm elections.’’ ate would prioritize making sure that to go out of reach. It wasn’t that long

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.038 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5485 ago when there were poor farms—lit- my seatmates in the Finance Com- ple have more access to preventive erally, poor farms—to try to meet the mittee coming up on Medicaid. care. needs of older people. People, before Medicaid has endured the single most While legislators sit on their hands, these programs, often fell through the concentrated attack on its future that people are pushing ballot initiatives to cracks and into destitution. Their fam- I have seen since the days when I was force the issue. In Maine, where a Med- ily wasn’t there. Seniors ended up in codirector of the Oregon Gray Pan- icaid expansion initiative easily the streets or on those poor farms. thers. In spite of Republican attempts passed, incredibly, the conservative These healthcare promises—the to slash Medicaid, people power Governor says: Who cares? He is going pledges behind Medicare and Med- stopped that effort. Republicans would to stand in its way. icaid—have lasted for more than half a have block-granted Medicaid, choking Healthcare in America is too hard to century because Americans understand off funding for the program—couldn’t access for too many. The Affordable that when they get a paycheck, part of keep up with the needs of our people. Care Act was a significant step for- that pay goes to supporting the health Without Medicaid’s guarantee, two of ward. There were ironclad protections. care guarantees. three seniors who count on Medicaid to I am very proud of the fact that it real- Families around the country, how- help pay for their nursing costs would ly came from a bipartisan bill I was ever, are beginning to wonder, given increasingly have nowhere to turn. part of—air tight, loophole-free protec- the events of the last 11⁄2 years, wheth- People with disabilities who have been tion from discrimination for Ameri- er that guarantee will be there when able to live and thrive in their homes cans, from sea to shining sea, if they they need it. They aren’t wrong for and communities rather than institu- had a preexisting condition. It created worrying. Every major Republican leg- tions might not have that same kind of a baseline for Medicaid so that fewer islation that has had a pulse in this opportunity. Without Medicaid—the Americans fell through the cracks of Congress has increased the risk that promise of affordable care—families patchwork health systems. But for too Medicare and Medicaid will not be and parents working two or three jobs many, premiums increase at a far fast- there when it counts. Most recently, would face yet another unnecessary ob- er rate than their paychecks, and the Trump’s tax law stole billions of dol- stacle to the well-being of their kids price of prescription medicine is still lars and years of security from Medi- and families. spiking. care’s future, all to rain down tax bene- Even without the partisan attacks on We are going to talk more over the fits on the largest corporations and Medicare and Medicaid, there are chal- next hour about these crucial issues. I wealthy individuals in the country. As lenges that need to be addressed to am really pleased that two very a result of this reckless tax legislation, keep these programs secure. Drug thoughtful members of the Finance shareholders are now swimming in a prices are out of control while the drug Committee are here to start us off. sea of tax buybacks and executives industry pockets billions every quar- They have long been part of the effort have pocketed huge windfalls while ter, with consumers and taxpayers to stand as a bulwark protecting Amer- Medicare faces a crisis years ahead of footing the bill. A recent study by the icans with debilitating sickness from the earlier projections. Department of Health and Human financial ruin, supporting the Medicare In addition to leaving a gaping hole Services inspector general found that and Medicaid guarantees. I am pleased on Federal balance sheets after this while the number of brand-name pre- to be able to yield to the Senator from law passed—I am not sure many Ameri- scriptions in Medicare Part D has de- Maryland who has been involved in cans know this—the Trump adminis- creased in the last 5 years, spending on these programs and has championed tration released a budget that outlines those drugs has increased by 77 percent the cause of the vulnerable for years in black and white just how they plan during that time. The number of sen- and years. to make up the difference. iors paying more than $2,000 out of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- You don’t have to take it from me. pocket for medicine has nearly dou- ator from Maryland. Here are some examples out of the bled. That is unacceptable. Americans Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, first let President’s budget document. are up in arms at the fact that our sen- me thank my colleague Senator WYDEN On page 52, the President proposes re- iors still get clobbered at the pharmacy for his extraordinary leadership on vising the Graham-Cassidy proposal window. Medicare and Medicaid and so many Americans rejected last year, which In the face of these challenges, there other issues. would repeal the Affordable Care Act, are still opportunities to improve I remember Senator WYDEN in the including its ironclad preexisting con- Medicare and Medicaid so that the House of Representatives as one of the ditions protection. guarantee is strong for years to come. champions when the Medicare and On page 53, the President seeks to Earlier this year, on a bipartisan basis, Medicaid Programs were a lot younger. slash Medicaid by more than $1 trillion Congress passed one of the most sig- We worked to improve and expand both over the next 10 years by eliminating nificant updates to the Medicare guar- Medicaid and Medicare, and now Sen- the Medicaid expansion and placing antee in a generation—one that is ator WYDEN, in a key role on the Sen- harsh caps on the rest of the program going to begin the effort to keep up ate Finance Committee—the ranking that squeeze out critical care. with the rising tide of seniors man- Democrat—has been one of the real On page 54, the President calls for aging multiple chronic illnesses, such champions to protect the progress we close to $500 billion in reduced Medi- as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer. have made in Medicare and Medicaid, care spending without an explicit guar- Chronic illness is going to drive recognizing that what we need to talk antee that seniors will not be worse off. American healthcare, and this bill be- about is how to improve these pro- On pages 24, 53, and 64, the President gins the effort to improve Medicare so grams and make them better. calls in his budget for burdensome pa- that no matter how seniors get their As we celebrate the 53rd anniversary perwork requirements for SNAP—a care, there will be more opportunities of Medicare and Medicaid, let me ad- vital program to help hungry Ameri- for them to thrive in later years. dress the point that Mr. WYDEN made; cans—affordable housing, and Finally, when it comes to Medicaid, that is, these are two of the most suc- healthcare that really create more bu- the country is witnessing a cessful programs we ever have enacted reaucracy without making people bet- groundswell of Americans who are fed in the Congress of the United States ter off. up with partisan gridlock holding up that guarantee, as Mr. WYDEN has said, So, as we begin this, this isn’t some State decisions to expand Medicaid to affordable, quality healthcare to our sort of message or something. Those help more people walking on an eco- seniors, to individuals with disabilities, are the pages in the President’s budget nomic tightrope. One look makes it to low-income families. document—specific numbers on a spe- clear that this is a winning proposition In Medicare alone, almost 45 million cific page in a specific report embraced for any State. When States expand the Americans are protected under Medi- by the President that harm Medicare program, the uninsured rate goes down. care—seniors and those with disabil- and Medicaid. The number of opioid-related hos- ities. In Maryland, more than 990 thou- I am just going to spend a minute pitalizations is lowered in expansion sand Marylanders are protected under now because I am looking forward to States, medical debt is down, and peo- the Medicare Program.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:00 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.040 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 What Mr. WYDEN alluded to—I want our seniors. Certainly, let’s not cut the Senator STABENOW, Senator WHITE- to underscore this point: Before there program. HOUSE, and Senator CORTEZ MASTO will was Medicare, over half of our seniors We need to strengthen the Medicaid have the opportunity to speak. Next in did not have health insurance, and Program. Senator WYDEN is absolutely line is Senator STABENOW. without health insurance, their access correct. Our States are asking for a I yield the floor. to healthcare was greatly at risk, and waiver authority. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- many were unable to get access to There are some who are slow to act ator from Michigan. quality care. Medicare has provided af- here in Washington, in the Trump ad- Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I fordability so that our seniors can now ministration. Let me give an example want to thank our ranking member on get quality healthcare, and we have in my State of Maryland. My State of the Finance Committee and all of my improved it over its 53-year history. We Maryland wants to move forward on colleagues who are here to talk about have done things from adding benefits dealing with the opioid crisis. How im- and celebrate two programs that for 53 for end-stage renal disease to adding portant are Medicaid and the Medicaid years have changed the lives of Michi- preventive healthcare. expansion? Let me give one example. gan families and the families of our I remember working with Mr. WYDEN On Monday, we were in Baltimore with country for the better. when I was in the House of Representa- Congressman CUMMINGS and Senator The words of President Lyndon B. tives, when we expanded the preventive WARREN at Health Care for the Home- Johnson, who signed the programs into care package to include cancer less looking at a program that provides law, are a great reminder of what life screenings and diabetes and some of our most vulnerable people the was like before Medicare and Medicaid. osteoporosis screenings and diabetes healthcare they need. Many, by the He said: self-management. All of that has been way, are veterans. Before the Afford- No longer will older Americans be denied done as we have, together, expanded able Care Act, 30 percent of their clien- the healing miracle of modern medicine. No Medicare over its 53 years in order to tele were insured. After the Affordable longer will illness crush and destroy the sav- provide stronger coverage and better Care Act, 90 percent were insured. That ings that they have so carefully put away protection to our seniors and those is what Medicaid expansion meant for over a lifetime so that they might enjoy dig- with disabilities. Health Care for the Homeless in my nity in their later years. No longer will young families see their own incomes and In my State, we have 1.2 million community. their own hopes eaten away simply because Marylanders covered under the Med- What did they do as a result of that they are carrying out their deep moral obli- icaid Program. We are talking about expansion? They expanded services at gations to their parents, and to their uncles, veterans, seniors, women, and children. Health Care for the Homeless. They and to their aunts. And no longer will this We are in partnership with our State; have a modern dental facility to take Nation refuse the hand of justice to those this is a program in which the Federal care of their population. They have ex- who have given a lifetime of service and wis- Government works in partnership with panded their behavioral health serv- dom and labor to the progress of this pro- our State to allow our State flexibility ices. They have been able to expand the gressive country. to figure out better and more efficient quality of service. We need to do more Thanks to these two programs, we ways to provide healthcare to vulner- of that. have come a long way toward building able people. In my State of Maryland, We haven’t yet figured out the opioid that just Nation President Johnson en- they have taken advantage of that to crisis. What we want to do in Maryland visioned. work out ways to coordinate care, pro- is expand peer review so that we have Before Medicare, only about half of vide more integrated care, so we can people who experienced this problem Americans age 65 and older had health take care of people who desperately available to help those who are suf- insurance. Today, more than 98 percent need help. fering. That means we need to invest of Americans age 65 and older have The coverage under Medicaid in- more money in Medicaid to save health insurance. cludes such important services as den- money. In Michigan, more than 675,000 people tal care, behavioral healthcare, and, of The mayor of Baltimore wants to es- have gained health coverage through course, for many of our seniors, a life- tablish a stabilization center. What Healthy Michigan, our Medicaid expan- line for long-term care. So these pro- does that mean? Rather than people sion, and 97 percent of Michigan chil- grams are critically important. having OD problems and being taken to dren can see a doctor when they get Let me underscore the point that Mr. our emergency rooms, we can get them sick or hurt. The number of people WYDEN made. It is at risk today. We to a stabilization center that knows treated without insurance has dropped say that because Mr. WYDEN mentioned how to follow up their care. They know 50 percent. In Michigan, we ended 2017 chapter and verse of President Trump’s we get them in care. with $413 million more than it invested budget that would jeopardize both There is a challenge when people who in the program, which is a savings for Medicare and Medicaid. But we don’t are addicted all of a sudden get heroin taxpayers in Michigan because fewer have to go to the President; we can laced with fentanyl. We have to protect people were walking into the emer- look at the Republican budget that was our population who are addicted, and gency room who didn’t have insurance submitted here in Congress and passed stabilization centers will help. They and couldn’t pay the bill. in Congress, which provided for a $1 will save money, but we have to invest It is good for State budgets, and it is trillion cut in Medicaid and a $500 bil- to do that. That means we need to ex- good for family budgets too. In fact, a lion cut in the Medicare Program. pand our budget support for Medicaid, recent study found that the finances of This is not hypothetical. We are here not contract it. low-income residents improved in today to celebrate the 53rd anniversary On this 53rd anniversary, I wanted to States like Michigan that chose to ex- but also to say that we should not be join my colleagues and just praise the pand Medicaid. jeopardizing these programs through progress we have made. I urge our Re- I know what a difference these pro- these reckless budget cuts. We should publican colleagues to abandon this ef- grams make for Michigan families be- be strengthening these programs. fort to reduce the Federal Govern- cause they share their stories with me. Let me quickly point out what we ment’s commitment to both Medicare Ann was diagnosed with multiple need to do. In Medicare, I think we all and Medicaid. Let’s work together in sclerosis when she was 40 years old. understand that if an individual only the best traditions, in a bipartisan She has very limited use of her arms has traditional Medicare, there are manner, to strengthen and expand and legs. Yet she feels so strongly quite a bit of out-of-pocket costs they these programs, and let’s make that about Medicare and Medicaid that she have to incur under the current Medi- commitment on the 53rd anniversary of traveled to Washington, DC, at my in- care laws. It is not going to cover Medicaid and Medicare. vitation, to speak at a healthcare hear- things such as dental care or hearing I thank my colleague. His usual pas- ing last year. aids. We should be looking at ways to sion and eloquence is so appreciated Medicare and secondary insurance strengthen the Medicare system, as and his decades of commitment to cover most of the costs of Ann’s medi- previous Congresses have done. Let’s these wonderful programs. I thank cation, which costs an astounding make it stronger. Let’s provide help for him. $75,000 a year. That is nearly her entire

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.041 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5487 household income, including Social Se- Mr. WHITEHOUSE. I thank Senator viders, the doctors, who are in those curity benefits. WYDEN. accountable care organizations who are Ann had been caring for her aging Mr. President, it is great to be here redesigning care in ways that are won- mom, but when her mom’s dementia to have a birthday party to celebrate derful for their patients. worsened, Ann didn’t know where she Medicare and Medicaid, which are the I will briefly discuss the example— would find $6,000 a month for nursing kinds of huge successes for a nation because I am so proud of it and men- home care. Fortunately, Ann’s mom that don’t happen very often, but they tion it all the time—of Coastal Med- qualified for Medicaid. Here is what sure did happen in America. And what ical, which is one of our biggest pro- Ann said: a change it made when Medicare and vider groups in Rhode Island. It is a It was only because of Medicaid that she Medicaid were there to support Amer- doctor-run accountable care organiza- was able to get the help that she needed at ican families. There is scarcely an tion. What they did is they signed up the end of her life. . . . I don’t know how I American family today who doesn’t to early on—what they called Pioneer could have cared for my mother on top of some extent depend on Medicare or ACOs. The deal was this: We will take managing my own care. My family would have lost our home and all our savings try- Medicaid. We have planned our lives some of the risk of how our patients ing to keep up with their bills. around the safety and security of those run up costs in the system, and we will In Felicia’s case, she may have lost programs, and we have avoided enor- share if we can make money back for her life. In 2011, she was an AmeriCorps mous human suffering by virtue of you. member with no health insurance. those programs. Now, in the bad old days of managed When she started feeling tired all the Of course, coming from a small State care, when insurance companies tried time and losing weight, she went to the as I do, it is very important for us in to do this, they went in and said: Well, Center for Family Health in Jackson, Rhode Island to celebrate our role in you can’t have that, and we are cutting MI. Felicia was diagnosed with stage 4 this important legislation because one you off on this, and we are not paying Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Center for of the original authors of the Medicare you, and we just hired 50 people to Family Health helped her get Medicaid bill was Representative Aime Forand of make sure that your claim never gets and care at the University of Michigan, Cumberland, RI, who served over in the settled. They just, basically, pushed including a stem cell transplant. House for 22 years. He served with back on paying for things. Felicia wrote: great distinction. He was passionate That is not the way the doctors work Now I am feeling awesome, I am cancer- about healthcare and about building in the ACO process. They have done free, and I am working part time while I am this program. He was one of the origi- things like hire social workers, phar- finishing up college. I feel that I owe my life nal groups of the Members of Congress macists, and home visitors. What they to the Center for Family Health. who got together and designed the have done is to take their patients and Fifty-three years after they were cre- Medicare Program. When it came time to decide they are going to help make ated, Medicare and Medicaid are more to pass it in 1965, it was Rhode Island them healthier. They are going to have than just programs, and that is really Congressman John Fogarty of Provi- social workers make sure they get the why we are here on the floor this dence who was then the chair of the benefits they need. They are going to evening. They are powerful tools to House Appropriations Subcommittee have home care workers go to their promote health, to prevent poverty, for Labor, Health, Education, and Wel- homes to see what they can get done at and to protect families and give them fare. So between one of the original au- home. They use electronic monitoring the dignity of knowing that they have thors of the legislation and one of the and testing so they can keep better healthcare when they need it for them- key chairmen supporting the legisla- track of the reports and keep better selves, their children, their moms and tion, there was a lot that Rhode Island track of people’s care. They engage dads. did to accomplish these wonderful with their patients. LBJ said 53 years ago: goals. What we have seen—because a lot of There are men and women in pain who will It gives me particular pride as a people I know in Rhode Island get their now find ease. . . . There are those fearing member of the Rhode Island delegation healthcare through Coastal Medical—is the terrible darkness of despairing poverty to come here for the Medicare-Med- a lot of really happy patients. Now you . . . who will now look up to see the light of icaid Senator WYDEN birthday party. I can call at 2 in the morning when you hope and realization. are sick, and at Coastal Medical, you There just can be no satisfaction, nor any am very glad to have the chance to do act of leadership, that gives greater satisfac- it. will get a live nurse who will talk you tion than this. These programs provide health insur- through what is going on and help you I think we share those sentiments, ance coverage to over half a million decide if you actually need to go to the which is why we are not only here cele- people in my State. That is half the emergency room or not and get you in brating 53 years of Medicare and Med- State. Without it, so many lives would quick, first thing in the morning, if icaid but indicating in the strongest be changed for the worse. Nationally, it you don’t go to the emergency room possible terms our commitment to is a little bit over 130 million Ameri- and they still want to see you and keep Medicare and Medicaid strong for cans. When you consider the families check you out. current families and for future genera- who get the protection of having a fam- So, for the patients, this has been an tions. ily member covered, as I said, it is vir- incredible boon. They feel so much bet- I yield the floor. tually all of us. ter cared for, and they are, in fact, Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, before Obviously, it is seniors. Rhode Island healthier. That comes back to all of us she leaves the floor, I want to thank has a lot of seniors whom we treasure here because—guess what—in the time my seatmate on the Finance Com- and whom we love having Medicare and that Coastal Medical has been doing mittee—a strong advocate for the con- Medicaid being there for, but it is also this, it has lowered the cost of care, cept that Medicare and Medicaid are people with disabilities, children, preg- year over year, for its patients—$700 guarantees. They are lifelines for work- nant women, veterans, and people per patient. ing families. fighting substance abuse disorders. It When we were passing the Affordable It is a pleasure to have you here on is a broad population. Care Act, we used to talk about how we this special occasion, and I look for- Medicare and Medicaid do their jobs were going to bend the healthcare cost ward to many more partnerships as we well. They do their jobs efficiently. curve down. We are not bending the start thinking down the road, as Sen- They do their jobs humanely. They do healthcare cost curve down at Coastal ator CARDIN said, about how we are their jobs with super-low overhead Medical; we are actually dropping going to strengthen these programs, compared to their private sector com- healthcare costs. It is actually below not just play defense against Congress. petition, and they do it in a very re- where it was. It is not just not accel- I thank you. form-oriented way. erating so fast. That is the kind of Ms. STABENOW. Absolutely. It is CMS that is leading the account- leadership that Medicare and Medicaid Mr. WYDEN. Another outstanding able care organizations process that and CMS support. member of the Finance Committee, was one of the great achievements of This is a really terrific and exciting Senator WHITEHOUSE. the Affordable Care Act. It is the pro- program in so many ways, not just in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.043 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 terms of humaneness, not just in terms fordable Care Act, which was built on Mr. President, 53 years ago this of security for American families but the foundation that President Johnson week, President Johnson signed the also in terms of leadership and in help- laid, and gave 20 million additional Medicare bill. I believe it to be one of ing us continue to develop a healthcare Americans, including hundreds of thou- the most important pieces of legisla- system that we can be very proud of. sands of Nevadans, access to affordable tion signed in the last 100 years. It fi- I am delighted to serve on the Fi- healthcare coverage. nally removed from the shoulders of nance Committee under the leadership Yet today is not just for celebration, the senior citizens of this country the of our ranking member, and I thank because our work is not yet done. Pre- burden, stress, cost, and anxiety of not him for convening us on this terrific scription drug prices, premiums, and knowing whether they were going to be birthday. I would only propose that copays are still too high. Too many able to pay for healthcare, for hos- when we do this again, there be cake. Americans can’t afford the medicine pitalization, for doctors’ visits, and, I yield the floor. they need in order to live. Too many later, for prescription drugs. Mr. WYDEN. I thank my colleague. Americans can’t find a doctor whose of- I will talk for a moment about two Mr. President, I particularly appre- fice is less than a day’s drive away. Too things. No. 1 is what it has done to our ciate the fact that more than anyone many Americans are still struggling to economy and, particularly, to the econ- else I know in this body, he keeps com- get healthcare that meets their basic omy involving seniors. ing back to the proposition of building needs. Here is a pretty graphic representa- the healthcare system around paying Instead of trying to expand access to tion. for value. My colleague went through healthcare, some of my Republican col- In 1965, when Medicare was passed, a some examples in his State and around leagues here in Congress are working third of the senior citizens in the coun- the country that are doing just that. every single day to attack the Afford- try lived in poverty. One-third lived in That is a big part of what we are going able Care Act and strip healthcare cov- poverty and in fear of losing every- to have to do to strengthen Medicare erage away from tens of millions of thing if they were stricken by health and Medicaid in the years ahead. So I Americans. Some Republican leaders catastrophes or even minor health thank my colleague. are now threatening to cut Medicare problems that they could not deal We are also so pleased that he has and Medicaid in order to pay for Presi- with. Over the next 53 years, this line joined the Finance Committee. Par- dent Trump’s massive tax cut to cor- has come down to 9.3 percent of seniors ticularly, this argument about paying porations and special interest groups. living in poverty. It has declined by for values has to be right in the center The Republican tax bill exploded our two-thirds, largely because of Medi- of strengthening Medicare and Med- deficit by $1.5 trillion, and now Repub- care, largely because the financial bur- icaid. I thank him for it. licans are demanding cuts to critical den of healthcare costs has been elimi- Our colleague from Nevada is its healthcare programs to pay for their nated from their shoulders. former attorney general and is a cham- lavish corporate CEO giveaway. So it is Now, Medicare isn’t perfect. There pion of the rights of seniors. I am very not enough to celebrate our progress. are things we can do to strengthen it, When President Johnson signed the pleased that she is here tonight. to improve it. I think one of the things Social Security Amendments Act, he I will tell my colleagues that we are we need to do is to talk about high landed an historic blow in the fight all trying to play catchup ball as we drug prices and the effect on seniors against poverty, injustice, and inequal- have started running behind. under Medicare. We also have to talk ity. Today, we have to rededicate our- I really welcome my colleague Sen- about prevention. One of the faults, I selves to that fight. believe, with Medicare is that it only ator CORTEZ MASTO from Nevada, and I We have to protect, strengthen, and pays for medical procedures and it look forward to her remarks. improve the Affordable Care Act. We doesn’t pay to prevent medical proce- Ms. CORTEZ MASTO. I thank Sen- have to lower the cost of prescription dures. The cheapest operation is the ator WYDEN. drugs and invest in the health of every one that you don’t have to have. I be- Mr. President, 53 years ago on July community. We have to create an af- lieve that is one of the areas in which 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson fordable public health insurance option signed landmark legislation to estab- that would be available to everyone in we can improve Medicare—to provide lish Medicare and Medicaid—two essen- the United States regardless of one’s more preventive services that will tial programs that provide healthcare income level. We also have to fight lower the costs for seniors, for the tax- to over 120 million Americans and over back against cuts to Medicare and payers, and for the whole economy. Medicare, I would argue, is one of the 1 million Nevadans. Medicaid, because the fight to protect most successful programs this body, When President Johnson signed this our healthcare is a fight to protect our historic bill, he said: dignity, our security, and our basic this government, and this country have No longer will older Americans be denied rights. ever adopted. Yet, as I stand here the healing miracle of modern medicine. No I yield the floor. today, there are people in this Congress longer will illness crush and destroy the sav- Mr. WYDEN. I thank my colleague. who are, essentially, talking about ings that they have so carefully put away Mr. President, suffice it to say, the scrapping it. They use all kinds of over a lifetime so that they might enjoy dig- Senator is someone who gets right to fancy language about ‘‘premium sup- nity in their later years. No longer will the point. She succinctly got to the port’’ and those kinds of things and young families see their own incomes, and that they don’t want to really do away their own hopes, eaten away simply because central question of ensuring that we they are carrying out their deep moral obli- build on the guarantee that has been with Medicare. Make no mistake. Pre- gations to their parents, and to their uncles, Medicare and Medicaid. She has been a mium support equals vouchers, and and their aunts. And no longer will this Na- terrific advocate for seniors. I followed vouchers equal the end of Medicare as tion refuse the hand of justice to those who her work in the State government and we know it. have given a lifetime of service and wisdom have followed it here. We are so pleased This is a horrible, no-good, rotten, and labor to the progress of this progressive that she is here to be a passionate lousy idea, and we shouldn’t do it. It country. healthcare advocate for millions of will decline. It will diminish the sup- On that day, LBJ declared an end to Americans. I thank her. port for the program and, ultimately, an era in which healthcare was denied To my colleagues, we have three Sen- put the burden back on seniors of pay- to the most vulnerable members of our ators who have arrived on time. Unfor- ing the cost of their healthcare. communities. tunately, the Senate is in its usual po- As to this whole idea of vouchers, So I rise to celebrate the incredible sition of being a little bit late. We have who at 85 or 90 years old wants to sort progress we have made since President Senator KING, Senator HIRONO, and through 10 different insurance policies, Johnson created Medicare and Med- Senator HASSAN, if my colleagues can compare deductibles and copays, and icaid. We lifted hundreds of millions of accept that. try to figure it all out? I don’t think Americans out of abject poverty and I thank Senator KING and look for- that is practical. I think it is a cruel provided hundreds of millions more ward to his remarks. joke on our seniors. As long as I am with dignity, security, and peace of Mr. KING. I thank the Senator from here, I am going to do everything I can mind. Then, in 2010, we passed the Af- Oregon for bringing us here today. to call out this idea for what it is—a

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.045 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5489 cruel swipe at the protection for sen- Ms. HIRONO. I have been with her in her program, converting Medicaid to a iors that Medicare has provided. home State and have seen the bond she block grant, and cutting nearly $2 tril- I had a roundtable with seniors in has with older people. We very much lion from both programs as part of his Maine just this week, and we talked welcome her for her remarks. fiscal year 2019 budget. about prescription drug prices but also Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, I would These changes and cuts would have a about Medicare. One of the things I like to start by thanking Senator devastating impact on the hundreds of learned is about one of the most impor- WYDEN for his leadership in the fight to thousands of Hawaii residents who de- tant programs under Medicare. It is protect Medicare and Medicaid and for pend on these programs for their called the SHIP program, or the State organizing this time for us to speak on healthcare and their long-term care Health Insurance Assistance Program, this important subject. needs. whereby people help seniors to sort I grew up in a three-generation Medicaid, for example, serves around through what is still the fairly complex household. My 93-year-old great-grand- 350,000 Hawaii residents, including 38 process of signing up and determining mother lived with us for over 20 years, percent of all the children in Hawaii Medicare coverage. That has been cut and my grandmother lived with us and 15 percent of seniors, as well as 20 percent in the last 2 years. until she was 98. So I, of all people, of people with disabilities across our One of the things that came out of course know the importance of Medi- State. These cuts would be particularly our roundtable was that what we need, care to our seniors. devastating to Hawaii residents who as much or more than anything else, is On May 7, 2015—a full 3 months be- access healthcare through our Feder- information and guidance and care and fore he descended a golden escalator to ally Qualified Community Health Cen- concern. The SHIP program provides launch his campaign—Donald Trump ters, many of which depend on reim- that. To be cutting it at this moment, bragged on Twitter about how he was bursements through Medicaid to pro- again, is just inexplicable and, ulti- ‘‘the first and only’’ Republican can- vide high-quality care to those in need. mately, I feel, is cruel. Now is not the didate to run for President to state During the height of the debate to re- time to be making cuts in Medicare. that ‘‘there will be no cuts to Social peal the Affordable Care Act, I spoke Now is the time to be strengthening it, Security, Medicare, and Medicaid.’’ with Sheila Beckham, the CEO of to be providing for the future, and to He made, and repeated, that promise Waikiki Health on Oahu. Waikiki be providing for those citizens who are for a reason. Health operates a network of health coming up. All across the country, we know centers and shelters in Honolulu that I know people in Maine who can’t Americans across party lines care deep- cater to high-risk populations, includ- wait to be 65 because they will be cov- ly about healthcare and expect their ing a significant number of patients ered by Medicare. I suppose they would Members of Congress to protect their living with HIV and AIDS. If the Presi- just as soon not be 65, but they are healthcare. dent and congressional Republicans genuinely waiting for the time when Millions of Americans receive their had succeeded in cutting Medicaid, the burden of healthcare expenses is healthcare through Medicaid and Medi- Sheila would have had to lay off be- lifted from them, at least insofar as care. These two programs have helped tween 80 to 100 workers and close all Medicare can do so. Yes, it needs im- tens of millions of Americans since but two of the clinics she operates. provement; yes, we should do more their creation 53 years ago. Medicare Medicaid cuts would have also had a about prevention; yes, we should do provides quality health insurance for significant impact on women’s health more about the cost of prescription millions of seniors, and Medicaid helps outcomes throughout Hawaii. Last drugs, but, fundamentally, this is an them afford nursing home care and year, I shared a story about a young important program that is so essential other services when they need it. woman named Anne, who walked into to the lives of seniors across the coun- Medicaid has served working families the Kokua Kalihi Valley Clinic 3 years try and the 200,000 Medicare patients in and the poor who otherwise couldn’t af- ago. She had no health insurance, and the State of Maine. ford healthcare coverage, helping to she was pregnant at the age of 15. The This is an important anniversary. It bring our uninsured rate to a historic doctors at the clinic helped Anne apply is one that has really shown an incred- low, and Medicaid is currently helping for Medicaid, which helped her afford ible change. If anything has shown a tens of thousands of Americans receive prenatal care and gave her support to successful track record, it is Medicare, drug treatment amidst the ongoing stay healthy and in school. Medicaid and I am certainly going to do every- opioid epidemic. helped Anne and her husband Dan, age thing I can in my time here to make Again, it isn’t surprising that Donald 17, welcome a healthy baby boy named sure it maintains itself as a bulwark Trump pledged to protect these pro- Joseph. Today, Anne is a graduate of against the risk of medical catastrophe grams while campaigning for Presi- Farrington High School, she works for our seniors. We can do that, and we dent. They are wildly popular programs part-time and has plans to become a shall do it. for a reason, but it also isn’t surprising pediatric nurse practitioner. Her fam- I yield the floor. that almost immediately after his elec- ily now has health insurance through The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tion, Donald Trump reneged on his Dan’s employer. DAINES). The Senator from Oregon. promise to protect Medicare and Med- Medicaid also plays a crucial role in Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, before he icaid. It began when he appointed Tom providing long-term nursing care for leaves the floor, I wish to thank my Price—the architect of plans to dis- seniors who otherwise would not be colleague, particularly, for noting mantle Medicare and Medicaid—to able to afford it. I know how important some of the progress over the years as serve as his Secretary of Health and this is for our seniors in Hawaii be- he makes the case for the future. Human Services. cause we have in Hawaii the fastest I remember years ago, when I was di- It continued when the President and growing aging population in the entire rector of the Oregon Gray Panthers, it congressional Republicans sought to country. Across our State, Medicaid was common for a senior to have 15 or eliminate the Medicaid expansion and provides coverage for three in five even 20 private health insurance poli- cut hundreds of billions of dollars in nursing home residents. At Hale cies that were supposed to supplement Medicaid funding during the push to re- Makua on Maui, that number is closer their Medicare. Most of them weren’t peal the Affordable Care Act—the ACA. to 80 percent, and without Medicaid, worth the paper they were written on, It continued when the administration many of the residents would not be and finally we passed a law to end that issued new rules that allowed States to able to afford to stay there. incredible outrage. implement arbitrary work require- One story that has stuck with me So my colleague has really said it ments for Medicaid. Four States have came from Keith Moniz. After working well about some of the things that, for- already taken advantage of this new as a custodian for more than 40 years tunately, from yesteryear have been authority. If the rest of the country at St. Anthony’s School, Keith’s broth- changed, but it has highlighted what follows their lead, between 1 million er Lester lost his job and his health in- we have to do in the future. I thank my and 4 million Americans will lose their surance. Only a few short months later, colleague so much. healthcare coverage. Keith’s brother Lester had a debili- We have another advocate for our It continued when the President pro- tating stroke that left him perma- seniors here, the Senator from Hawaii, posed turning Medicare into a voucher nently disabled. Fortunately, Lester

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.047 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 was able to obtain Medicaid coverage know some of my Republican col- In communities in New Hampshire and is now a long-term resident at Hale leagues are concerned about seniors, and throughout our country, seniors Makua. children, and working families who are able to live active, engaging, and Keith was very clear about what rely on Medicare and Medicaid every high-quality lives, participating phys- would have happened to his brother if single day. ically and economically, because of the the President had succeeded in making I think it is just astonishing that as care Medicare provides. We know Med- large cuts to Medicaid. Keith said: we are talking about cutting Medicare icaid has delivered countless benefits It would be devastating. We had a difficult and Medicaid for millions of seniors to people from all walks of life. Med- time taking care of him when he was at throughout our country, and hundreds icaid helps seniors and those who expe- home, and he’s gotten the care that he needs of thousands in Hawaii, these kinds of rience disabilities receive supports at Hale Makua. It would be a big loss. . . . I changes are being proposed by the very that allow them to live independently don’t know what we could do, where we President and the people in Congress in their homes and in their commu- would be able to move him to. who gave the richest 1 percent of the nities. It also helps countless children Our seniors—in Hawaii we call them people in our country and corporations who experience disabilities go to kupuna—would also be significantly a huge—a huge—tax break. By the way, school, and it assists school districts in harmed by the President’s plan to the President is talking about giving covering costs for special education voucherize and make huge cuts to the rich people in our country even services and equipment. Medicare. More than 230,000 kupuna— more of a tax cut. It is just astounding New Hampshire’s bipartisan Medicaid our seniors in Hawaii—or 17 percent of to me that while all of that is hap- expansion plan has provided more than our State’s population are covered by pening on the one hand, on the other 50,000 hard-working Granite Staters Medicare. Through its payments to hand, they propose changes to two with the peace of mind that comes with providers and purchases of medical huge programs that millions of people quality, affordable health insurance. equipment, Medicare generates $2.5 bil- in our country rely on. Where are our Experts on the frontlines have said lion for Hawaii’s economy. priorities? They are definitely mis- that our Medicaid expansion plan is the Our kupuna are already struggling placed if we go along with these No. 1 tool at our disposal to combat the with the rising cost of living and near- schemes. opioid crisis in New Hampshire. What ly 9 percent of them live in poverty. I call on my colleagues on both sides we have learned is that when people Many more are living on fixed incomes of the aisle to join me in this fight to who have substance misuse disorders and would be especially vulnerable to protect these critical social safety net have Medicaid coverage, they have the rising costs under the President’s plan programs. opportunity to change their lives, peo- to turn Medicare into a voucher pro- I yield the floor. ple like a Granite Stater named Eliza- gram. Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, before beth, who at one point in her life was Last year, I shared the story of the Senator leaves the floor, I want to homeless and lost custody of her son as Lanny and Anne Bruner from Kauai. thank my colleague for an excellent a result of a substance misuse disorder. Lanny is 80 years old, but he is still statement. I thank her, in particular, Elizabeth is in recovery and works at working three jobs to make ends meet for her last point, highlighting the the SOS Recovery Community Organi- after losing the family home during the proposition that the administration zation in Rochester, a facility that re- 2008 mortgage crisis. His wife Anne has seems to be considering—after all the cently celebrated an expansion to en- glaucoma and pays what she calls a boondoggles that the fortunate few sure that they can help even more peo- ‘‘ridiculous amount’’ for eye drops. have already gotten, they seem to be ple in need. Elizabeth has credited her Lanny had a heart attack and two knee considering the idea of administra- recovery to the services she has re- replacements. Like many of our tively and unilaterally cutting the cap- ceived through Medicaid expansion and kupuna living on a fixed income, they ital gains tax to provide another wind- has stressed its importance in helping simply could not afford to pay the fall, while, as my colleague said—and I people who have struggled with sub- extra money they would be forced to went sort of page by page in the Presi- stance misuse disorder find the support pay if Republicans succeed in their ef- dent’s budget—they seek to clobber and help they need to improve their fort to privatize Medicare. Medicare and Medicaid. lives, to get better, to work, to raise a These stories underscore the impor- The Senator from Hawaii has given family. tance of and the need for Congress to us the starkest example of what the On this anniversary, we must reaf- pass specific legislation to protect priorities ought to be and what they firm our commitment to protecting Medicare and Medicaid from partisan shouldn’t be, and I thank her for her Medicare and Medicaid and strength- attacks from Donald Trump and con- excellent presentation. I look forward ening them so that they are available gressional Republicans. This week, I to working with her. for future generations. Unfortunately, will be introducing new legislation Our last Senator slated to speak this the Trump administration and my Re- that would prohibit Congress from evening is Senator HASSAN, a Governor publican colleagues have repeatedly making devastating cuts to Medicare who knows inside out how these pro- pushed efforts that would undermine and Medicaid through the budget rec- grams work, understands the fed- and drastically cut Medicare and Med- onciliation process. It accomplishes eralism aspect of this—the Federal- icaid. this objective by requiring any legisla- State partnership, for example—in During last year’s TrumpCare debate, tion that seeks to make certain terms of Medicaid. She has been work- a top priority for Republicans was in- changes to Medicare or Medicaid to re- ing with families in her State and with stituting massive cuts to Medicaid that ceive 60 votes in the Senate before such families around the country for years would have forced States to choose be- changes can be implemented. Of and years as an advocate of these pro- tween slashing benefits, reducing the course, these changes include increas- grams. I really appreciate her joining number of people who can get care, or ing the Medicare eligibility age, us tonight. both, threatening the very services on privatizing or turning Medicare into a Ms. HASSAN. Mr. President, I thank which children, people with disabil- voucher program, block granting or the Senator from Oregon for organizing ities, and seniors depend. Thankfully, imposing per capita caps on Medicaid, this evening’s recognition. the TrumpCare bill failed, but efforts and rolling back the ACA’s Medicaid Fifty-three years ago this week, from this administration to sabotage expansion. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the health of millions haven’t stopped, My legislation builds on the success Medicare and Medicaid into law, deliv- and Medicare and Medicaid continue to of an amendment I introduced with my ering healthcare to seniors and some of be under threat for drastic cuts, all so colleague from Indiana, Senator DON- our most vulnerable citizens, and bol- that Republicans can pay for their NELLY, during last January’s budget stering efforts to expand opportunity massive tax breaks for corporate spe- debate to protect these programs. Al- and help more of our people thrive. cial interests. though our amendment did not pass—it Today, tens of millions of Americans These attacks on our healthcare came pretty close—two Republicans are covered through Medicare and Med- must stop. Our constituents under- joined us in supporting it. It is nice to icaid. stand the benefits of these programs,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.049 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5491 and they want us to work together to again, that the guarantee reaches into the Reserve of the Air Force to the grade in- safeguard them so that they are avail- every nook and cranny of our commu- dicated under title 10, U.S.C., sections 12203 able and effective for our seniors, our nity. That means seniors in traditional and 12212: children, our most vulnerable, now and Medicare, seniors who secure their To be brigadier general in the future. healthcare through Medicare Advan- Col. Timothy J. Madden With the creation of Medicare and tage, and seniors in accountable care The following named officer for appoint- Medicaid, our country acknowledged organizations. All of them, wherever ment in the United States Air Force to the an obligation to protect the health and they get their healthcare, ought to be grade indicated while assigned to a position wellness of our people, and it has ac- able to secure an updated Medicare of importance and responsibility under title knowledged and it has seen the value of guarantee that addresses the upcoming 10, U.S.C., section 601: doing so—for individuals, for commu- challenge of our times, the great chal- To be lieutenant general nities, and for our economy. lenge of our times dealing with chronic Lt. Gen. Jeffrey L. Harrigian Fifty-three years ago, Americans illnesses. The following named officer for appoint- made a promise to each other, as self- My colleagues have laid out what our ment in the United States Air Force to the governing people have the unique privi- job is all about, which is preventing grade indicated while assigned to a position lege and power to do. I am going to of importance and responsibility under title the effort to go backward, when we like 10, U.S.C., section 601: continue fighting to make good on that to think about going forward into the To be lieutenant general promise for years to come. future in a fashion that updates the I yield the floor. Medicare guarantee for all older people Maj. Gen. Thomas A. Bussiere Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, before and those who look forward to those The following named officer for appoint- my colleague leaves the floor, I want to years, and protecting the great safety ment in the United States Air Force to the grade indicated while assigned to a position thank her for her thoughtful remarks net of our time—Medicaid. in recognizing that as we talk about of importance and responsibility under title Mr. President, I yield the floor. 10, U.S.C., section 601: the future of Medicare and Medicaid, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- To be lieutenant general what we see is a constant need to up- ator from Florida. Lt. Gen. Kenneth S. Wilsbach date these terrific programs for the f times. When I was director of the Gray IN THE ARMY Panthers, opioids were not an issue. EXECUTIVE SESSION The following named officer for appoint- Today, it is a dominant force in Amer- ment in the United States Army to the grade ican life. My colleague is a leader in indicated while assigned to a position of im- EXECUTIVE CALENDAR portance and responsibility under title 10, the effort to find smart, passionate, U.S.C., section 601: cost-effective programs to deal with Mr. RUBIO. Mr. President, I ask To be lieutenant general those challenges, and I thank her for unanimous consent that the Senate her thoughtful comments. proceed to executive session for the Lt. Gen. Stephen M. Twitty Ms. HASSAN. Mr. President, I thank consideration of Calendar Nos. 1017 IN THE MARINE CORPS Senator WYDEN for his leadership for through 1029 and all nominations The following named officer for appoint- our seniors, for our Nation’s economy, placed on the Secretary’s desk in the ment as Assistant Commandant of the Ma- and for all of our people. Air Force, Army, and Navy; that the rine Corps in the United States Marine Mr. WYDEN. I thank my colleague. nominations be confirmed; that the Corps, and for appointment to the grade indi- motions to reconsider be considered cated while assigned to a position of impor- Mr. President, I have one brief com- tance and responsibility under title 10, ment to wrap up. I see my colleague made and laid upon the table with no U.S.C., sections 601 and 5044: intervening action or debate; that no from Florida here. My colleagues have To be general essentially spent close to an hour talk- further motions be in order; that any Lt. Gen. Gary L. Thomas ing about these programs that are lit- statements related to the nominations erally a lifeline to millions of Ameri- be printed in the Record; that the IN THE AIR FORCE cans, Medicare and Medicaid. As high- President be immediately notified of The following named officer for appoint- lighted tonight, it has always been the Senate’s action, and the Senate ment in the United States Air Force to the grade indicated under title 10, U.S.C., section that we have had to play a lot of de- then resume legislative session. 624: fense to prevent big attacks on these The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there To be brigadier general programs—we even saw them in the objection? President’s budget as I went page by Without objection, it is so ordered. Col. Susan J. Pietrykowski page—when what we really would like The nominations considered and con- The following named officer for appoint- to do is play offense and think about firmed are as follows: ment in the United States Air Force to the grade indicated while assigned to a position the future. IN THE ARMY of importance and responsibility under title My colleague from Florida is here. He The following named officer for appoint- 10, U.S.C., section 601: has a very large elderly population, as ment in the United States Army to the grade To be lieutenant general many Senators do. indicated while assigned to a position of im- Maj. Gen. Jon T. Thomas When I was director of the Gray Pan- portance and responsibility under title 10, thers, Medicare had two parts. There U.S.C., section 601: IN THE ARMY was Part A for hospitals and Part B for To be general The following named officers for appoint- ment to the grade indicated in the United doctors. That was it. If you had a bro- Lt. Gen. Stephen R. Lyons States Army under title 10, U.S.C., section ken ankle and you went to the hos- IN THE AIR FORCE 624: pital, that was Part A. If you had a The following named officer for appoint- To be brigadier general horrible case of the flu, you went to ment in the United States Air Force to the Col. Gregory K. Anderson the doctor, and you were taken care of grade indicated while assigned to a position Col. Christine A. Beeler of importance and responsibility under title in an outpatient fashion. That is not Col. Peter N. Benchoff 10, U.S.C., section 601: Medicare today. Medicare today is Col. Mark S. Bennett chronic illnesses—diabetes, heart dis- To be lieutenant general Col. Gregory J. Brady ease, chronic pulmonary diseases. Maj. Gen. Brian T. Kelly Col. Michele H. Bredenkamp Eighty percent of the Medicare Pro- The following named officer for appoint- Col. Edmond M. Brown gram is going to be consumed by ment in the United States Air Force to the Col. Robert M. Collins chronic illnesses in the days ahead. grade indicated while assigned to a position Col. Kimberly M. Colloton Congress has just begun the effort to of importance and responsibility under title Col. David S. Doyle update the Medicare guarantee to in- 10, U.S.C., section 601: Col. Thomas J. Edwards, Jr. Col. Marcus S. Evans To be lieutenant general corporate those hugely important chal- Col. Brett T. Funck lenges—cancer, diabetes, heart disease. Lt. Gen. Mark D. Kelly Col. James J. Gallivan Those are chronic illnesses. I close by The following named Air National Guard of Col. Brian W. Gibson way of saying that this update means, the United States officer for appointment in Col. Amy E. Hannah

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.050 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 Col. Jered P. Helwig ate and appeared in the Congressional nominations were received by the Senate and Col. Donn H. Hill Record of July 9, 2018. appeared in the Congressional Record of Col. Scott A. Jackson PN2252 AIR FORCE nominations (17) begin- June 20, 2018. Col. John D. Kline ning JAMES W. BARNES, and ending BRAD- PN2219 ARMY nomination of Rochell A. Col. Gavin A. Lawrence LEY A. WISLER, which nominations were Maier, which was received by the Senate and Col. Kevin C. Leahy received by the Senate and appeared in the appeared in the Congressional Record of Col. Michelle M. Letcher Congressional Record of July 9, 2018. June 25, 2018. Col. Charles J. Masaracchia PN2253 AIR FORCE nominations (3) begin- PN2220 ARMY nomination of Robert C. Col. Michael C. McCurry, II ning ADAM D. AASEN, and ending GEORGE Soper, which was received by the Senate and Col. John V. Meyer, III E. QUINT, which nominations were received appeared in the Congressional Record of Col. Duane R. Miller by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- June 25, 2018. Col. Scott M. Naumann sional Record of July 9, 2018. PN2221 ARMY nominations (53) beginning Col. Christopher R. Norrie PN2287 AIR FORCE nominations (3) begin- VINCENTE G. ALCIVAR, and ending ED- Col. Allan M. Pepin ning ILDA Y. ISAZA, and ending YOBANKA WARD W. WRIGHT, which nominations were Col. Andrew D. Preston E. PAEZ-MUNOZ, which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the Col. Mark C. Quander received by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of June 25, 2018. Col. John L. Rafferty, Jr. Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. PN2226 ARMY nomination of Benjamin E. Col. Jeth B. Rey PN2288 AIR FORCE nomination of Solomon, which was received by the Senate Col. Joseph A. Ryan Samantha S. Rieger-Pinson, which was re- and appeared in the Congressional Record of Col. James M. Smith ceived by the Senate and appeared in the June 28, 2018. Col. Brett G. Sylvia Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. PN2227 ARMY nominations (4) beginning Col. Joel B. Vowell PN2335 AIR FORCE nominations (2) begin- WILLIAM J. NELS, and ending KELLIE A. Col. Todd R. Wasmund ning STEVEN J. NORDEEN, and ending WHITTLINGER, which nominations were re- The following named officer for appoint- STEPHANIE E. WILSON, which nominations ceived by the Senate and appeared in the ment in the United States Army to the grade were received by the Senate and appeared in Congressional Record of June 28, 2018. indicated while assigned to a position of im- the Congressional Record of July’23, 2018. PN2228 ARMY nominations (2) beginning VENDECK M. DAVIS, and ending RYAN G. portance and responsibility under title 10, IN THE ARMY U.S.C., section 601: LAVOIE, which nominations were received PN2079 ARMY nomination of Alexis N. by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- To be lieutenant general Mendozadejesus, which was received by the sional Record of June 28, 2018. Maj. Gen. James F. Pasquarette Senate and appeared in the Congressional PN2229 ARMY nominations (2) beginning NOMINATIONS PLACED ON THE SECRETARY’S Record of June 7, 2018. HARRY A. HORNBUCKLE, and ending MI- DESK PN2188 ARMY nominations (2) beginning CHAEL J. KIMBALL, which nominations SAMUEL B. ALBAHARI, and ending IN THE AIR FORCE were received by the Senate and appeared in RICCARDO C. PAGGETT, which nomina- PN1598 AIR FORCE nominations (23) begin- the Congressional Record of June 28, 2018. tions were received by the Senate and ap- PN2254 ARMY nominations (3) beginning ning JACQUELINE E. BERRY, and ending peared in the Congressional Record of June CONNIE L. WINIK, which nominations were MATTHEW W. ALLEN, and ending FRANCIS 20, 2018. E. SANFORD, JR., which nominations were received by the Senate and appeared in the PN2189 ARMY nominations (2) beginning Congressional Record of February 8, 2018. received by the Senate and appeared in the JOHNMARK R. ARDIENTE, and ending NA- Congressional Record of July 9, 2018. PN2156 AIR FORCE nominations (167) be- THAN A. GUNTER, which nominations were ginning ANTHONY J. ACETO, and ending PN2255 ARMY nomination of Brian C. Mor- received by the Senate and appeared in the gan, which was received by the Senate and REGIS C. ZOZO, which nominations were re- Congressional Record of June 20, 2018. ceived by the Senate and appeared in the appeared in the Congressional Record of July PN2190 ARMY nominations (3) beginning 9, 2018. Congressional Record of June 18, 2018. RYAN J. BERGLIN, and ending JAMES A. PN2216 AIR FORCE nominations (6) begin- PN2289 ARMY nomination of Kenneth F. NARDELLI, which nominations were re- ning MICHAEL A. BASSO-WILLIAMS, and Klock, which was received by the Senate and ceived by the Senate and appeared in the ending IRSHAD A. SHAKIR, which nomina- appeared in the Congressional Record of July Congressional Record of June 20, 2018. 18, 2018. tions were received by the Senate and ap- PN2191 ARMY nominations (2) beginning peared in the Congressional Record of June PN2290 ARMY nomination of Brandon C. DAVID L. BURRIER, and ending WILLIAM Klink, which was received by the Senate and 25, 2018. T. CIGICH, which nominations were received PN2217 AIR FORCE nomination of Vikhyat appeared in the Congressional Record of July by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- S. Bebarta, which was received by the Senate 18, 2018. sional Record of June 20, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of PN2291 ARMY nomination of Burton C. PN2192 ARMY nomination of Joshua V. June 25, 2018. Glover, which was received by the Senate PN2218 AIR FORCE nominations (2) begin- Arndt, which was received by the Senate and and appeared in the Congressional Record of ning MARY F. STUEVER, and ending appeared in the Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. LAVANYA VISWANATHAN, which nomina- June 20, 2018. PN2292 ARMY nomination of Manuel PN2193 ARMY nominations (7) beginning tions were received by the Senate and ap- Reyes, Jr., which was received by the Senate CHRISTOPHER Z. FARRINGTON, and end- peared in the Congressional Record of June and appeared in the Congressional Record of ing MICHAEL P. THOMAS, which nomina- 25, 2018. July 18, 2018. PN2225 AIR FORCE nominations (2496) be- tions were received by the Senate and ap- PN2293 ARMY nomination of Emmanuel D. ginning KATHLEEN E. AALDERINK, and peared in the Congressional Record of June Eisenstein, which was received by the Senate ending ISAIAH S. ZYDUCK, which nomina- 20, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of tions were received by the Senate and ap- PN2194 ARMY nomination of Roderick W. July 18, 2018. peared in the Congressional Record of June Sumpter, which was received by the Senate PN2294 ARMY nomination of Marshall L. 28, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of Bartee, which was received by the Senate PN2246 AIR FORCE nomination of Nisha R. June 20, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of Baur, which was received by the Senate and PN2195 ARMY nomination of Daniel July 18, 2018. appeared in the Congressional Record of July Torres, which was received by the Senate PN2296 ARMY nominations (18) beginning 9, 2018. and appeared in the Congressional Record of ETHAN P. CARTER, and ending SAMUEL R. PN2247 AIR FORCE nomination of Jay T. June 20, 2018. WETHERILL, IV, which nominations were Flottmann, which was received by the Sen- PN2196 ARMY nominations (42) beginning received by the Senate and appeared in the ate and appeared in the Congressional MICHAEL P. ANTECKI, JR., and ending Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. Record of July 9, 2018. D014175, which nominations were received by PN2297 ARMY nominations (6) beginning PN2248 AIR FORCE nomination of Chris- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- PATRICIA J. RASMUSSEN, and ending topher P. Wherthey, which was received by sional Record of June 20, 2018. KENT J. VINCE, which nominations were re- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- PN2197 ARMY nominations (291) beginning ceived by the Senate and appeared in the sional Record of July 9, 2018. LISA M. ABEL, and ending D014651, which Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. PN2249 AIR FORCE nomination of Issa M. nominations were received by the Senate and PN2298 ARMY nominations (3) beginning Alvarez, which was received by the Senate appeared in the Congressional Record of JEREMY W. BERNDT, and ending AMY M. and appeared in the Congressional Record of June 20, 2018. RAMER, which nominations were received July 9, 2018. PN2198 ARMY nominations (433) beginning by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- PN2250 AIR FORCE nomination of Nathan- DREW Q. ABELL, and ending G010393, which sional Record of July 18, 2018. iel P. Lisenbee, which was received by the nominations were received by the Senate and PN2299 ARMY nominations (4) beginning Senate and appeared in the Congressional appeared in the Congressional Record of SCOTT M. EVERHART, and ending ALBERT Record of July 9, 2018. June 20, 2018. SOHNEN, which nominations were received PN2251 AIR FORCE nomination of Sean P. PN2199 ARMY nominations (473) beginning by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- Malanowski, which was received by the Sen- ELI S. ADAMS, and ending D014147, which sional Record of July 18, 2018.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.041 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5493 PN2300 ARMY nomination of William peared in the Congressional Record of July 9, war with America. You may say: Well, Perez, which was received by the Senate and 2018. that doesn’t sound right because war appeared in the Congressional Record of July PN2310 NAVY nominations (28) beginning means bullets, rockets, missiles, air- 18, 2018. KORY A. ANGLESEY, and ending BEN- craft, and launching attacks. This PN2301 ARMY nominations (6) beginning JAMIN C. WAITE, which nominations were misses the broader point. For Russia, ROBYN D. BOLGLA, and ending RHONDA D. received by the Senate and appeared in the WYNDER, which nominations were received Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. under the Russian doctrine of conflict, by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- PN2311 NAVY nominations (32) beginning information is a weapon; information sional Record of July 18, 2018. DAVID W. ALEXANDER, and ending HAR- war is a part of war. We are not in an PN2302 ARMY nominations (17) beginning OLD B. WOODRUFF, which nominations armed conflict, but sadly, while we MICHAEL C. AMPELAS, and ending KURT were received by the Senate and appeared in Americans go on about our lives and do G. ZIMMER, which nominations were re- the Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. not spend all day obsessing about Rus- ceived by the Senate and appeared in the PN2312 NAVY nominations (48) beginning sia—until 2016 and some of the issues Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. JONATHAN D. ALBANO, and ending JAMES that arose there—Vladimir Putin is ob- PN2303 ARMY nominations (12) beginning P. ZAKAR, which nominations were received MICHAEL S. ALLAIN, and ending CARMEN sessed with America, and those in his by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- government who surround him are as M. TUCKER, which nominations were re- sional Record of July 18, 2018. ceived by the Senate and appeared in the PN2313 NAVY nominations (70) beginning well. Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. JANE J. ABANES, and ending MICHELLE L. We Americans look at Russia and say PN2304 ARMY nominations (8) beginning WESTCOTT, which nominations were re- they are an important country. They DONNA M. KENTLEY, and ending DAVID J. ceived by the Senate and appeared in the have nuclear weapons and significant SKELLEY, JR., which nominations were re- Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. conventional military capabilities. But ceived by the Senate and appeared in the PN2314 NAVY nominations (25) beginning they have a very small economy of $2 Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. MATTHEW S. BAILEY, and ending ADAM B. trillion—about the size of Italy’s or PN2305 ARMY nomination of Kimberly D. YOST, which nominations were received by Spain’s. They are not really geopoliti- Dejesus, which was received by the Senate the Senate and appeared in the Congres- and appeared in the Congressional Record of cally relevant in many parts of the sional Record of July 18, 2018. world. They still can’t project power July 18, 2018. PN2315 NAVY nominations (42) beginning PN2306 ARMY nominations (3) beginning LYNDA S. AMELL, and ending CHADWICK the way they used to during the Soviet ROYAL M. MINOR, III, and ending BENITO Y. YASUDA, which nominations were re- Union. Yes, they are involved in Syria E. RODRIGUEZ, which nominations were re- ceived by the Senate and appeared in the and other places, and they are doing ceived by the Senate and appeared in the Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. more of that than ever before, and they Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. PN2316 NAVY nominations (52) beginning have a veto vote on the United Nations PN2307 ARMY nominations (8) beginning LALEH ABDOLAZADEH, and ending CHRIS- EDWARD L. BARRON, JR., and ending Security Council. They are not really a TOPHER L. YOUNG, which nominations MICHELE M. RICH, which nominations were relevant nation. Culturally, their peo- were received by the Senate and appeared in received by the Senate and appeared in the ple have much to be proud of and have the Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. contributed a tremendous amount to PN2317 NAVY nominations (145) beginning PN2308 ARMY nominations (30) beginning LISA L. ABELS, and ending JERRY YUAN, the world. On a daily basis, Russia may LORI J. ALLERT, and ending LARA K. which nominations were received by the Sen- be a nuclear and somewhat military TERAN, which nominations were received by ate and appeared in the Congressional peer competitor of the United States the Senate and appeared in the Congres- Record of July 18, 2018. but not economically, not commer- sional Record of July 18, 2018. PN2309 ARMY nominations (44) beginning PN2318 NAVY nomination of Javier cially. CARL W. ADAMS, and ending JOHN H. WU, Lopezmartinez, which was received by the But the Russian Government’s view which nominations were received by the Sen- Senate and appeared in the Congressional of America is very different. They view ate and appeared in the Congressional Record of July 18, 2018. America as an aggressive power that Record of July 18, 2018. f seeks to destroy Russia. I know that PN2336 ARMY nominations (20) beginning sounds bizarre to Americans who know DAWUD A. A. AGBERE, and ending D010823, LEGISLATIVE SESSION that we spend little, if any, time think- which nominations were received by the Sen- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ing about how to go to war with Rus- ate and appeared in the Congressional ate will now resume legislative session. sia, but in their mindset, we do. They Record of July 23, 2018. view us as an aggressive power that PN2337 ARMY nomination of Cynthia A. f Hopkins, which was received by the Senate wants to fight and degrade them. They and appeared in the Congressional Record of INTERIOR, ENVIRONMENT, FINAN- hold us responsible for the end of the July 23, 2018. CIAL SERVICES, AND GENERAL Soviet Union, which, to them, rep- PN2338 ARMY nomination of Michael J. GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATIONS resented power—not so much ideology, Loomis, which was received by the Senate ACT, 2019—Continued but power—for the current leaders. and appeared in the Congressional Record of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- They blame us for expanding NATO in July 23, 2018. a way they feel encircles them. They PN2339 ARMY nomination of Latonia M. ator from Florida. blame us for the color revolutions Mahnke, which was received by the Senate RUSSIAN ELECTION INTERFERENCE throughout Europe, and they believe and appeared in the Congressional Record of Mr. RUBIO. Mr. President, one of the July 23, 2018. we want one of those to happen in Rus- PN2340 ARMY nomination of Justin A. interesting developments in our public sia as well. Most of all, they think we Evison, which was received by the Senate debate in America today is Russia and are seeking to take advantage of Rus- and appeared in the Congressional Record of the elections of 2016. Lost in all the sia and humiliate them. This is the July 23, 2018. noise and all the debate and all the le- view of Russia’s leaders. This is why, IN THE NAVY gitimate issues that arise from it is while we are not at war with Russia on PN2230 NAVY nomination of Travis A. this perception that if you are taking information, Russia, under Vladimir Montplaisir, which was received by the Sen- on Russian interference, that is a Putin, is at war with the United ate and appeared in the Congressional Democratic position or an anti-Presi- States. Record of June 28, 2018. dent Trump position, and that if you We keep talking about this issue as if PN2231 NAVY nomination of Ariana P. think this is all much ado about noth- Bensusan, which was received by the Senate it were espionage. I have had people and appeared in the Congressional Record of ing, then you are taking a pro-Presi- come to me and say that everybody June 28, 2018. dent position. Nothing could be further spies on everyone. This is not about es- PN2256 NAVY nomination of Bruce S. from the truth. Vladimir Putin is nei- pionage—trust me. Many countries in Kimbrell, Jr., which was received by the Sen- ther a Republican nor a Democrat. He the world spy, and on each other, in- ate and appeared in the Congressional is not interested in making America cluding our allies. This is not about es- Record of July 9, 2018. great; he is interested in making Amer- pionage; this is about information war- PN2257 NAVY nomination of Samantha C. ica weak. Dugan, which was received by the Senate fare. and appeared in the Congressional Record of The reason Vladimir Putin is inter- Information warfare is a part of the July 9, 2018. ested in making America weak is be- Russian doctrine of confronting an PN2258 NAVY nomination of Brian L. Lees, cause while America is not at war with enemy and weakening them from with- which was received by the Senate and ap- Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Putin is at in. What happened in 2016 and what is

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.043 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 happening now is nothing less than an Propaganda and informational warfare equality, we have to erase these bloody information war against America—not is not new. What is new is the ability memories and start over. Congratula- for purposes of electing Donald Trump to spread it to millions of people in- tions, Louisiana. President or having Republicans win or stantaneously by using platforms that What it posts is a picture—a picture vice versa but for purposes of dividing were not available just a short time with a sign on it that says: Christian us among each other so they can weak- ago. They know Americans increas- terrorism begins in 1492. en us from within, opening a perma- ingly, as I said, get information from Sorry. It says, Congratulations Los nent front domestically in order to social media. Angeles because what it was referring hurt this country. The first thing they do is they de- to was Los Angeles canceled Columbus They do this all over the world. They velop networks of followers for fake so- Day. Columbus Day is no more in the do this in Eastern Europe. They do it cial media accounts. ‘‘Fake’’ meaning Nation’s second-largest city. all over the world where they have an they are real accounts but fake in that Why do they put that on Facebook? interest, and it takes different forms. it is not the person. It is a Russian op- Why would they post that? Because In many of the countries in which Rus- erative who creates a social media ac- they know it is going to get us to fight. sia is involved in information warfare, count. Initially, the account may not Some people will see that and be out- one of the things they do is openly and even have anything to do with politics. raged about Christian terrorism. It will strongly financially support pro-Rus- It might have a variety of different make them angry that this kind of sian candidates, pro-Russian parties, or topics in order to attract people to fol- thing is happening, and they will as- they may support pro-Russian separat- low it, until you get to 10,000 15,0000, cribe this as the work of the political ists the way they did in parts of 20,000, 30,000 followers. Once they have left. Others, potentially who agree with Ukraine. reached a critical mass—and they have this message, will send it to their We don’t have a pro-Russia party in dozens of these—then, they use those group of followers, saying: Look, this is the United States. We don’t really have platforms to inject divisive or false exactly right. This is what we have pro-Russian constituencies in Amer- content or memes. They can use that, been saying all along. ican politics—certainly not in large for example, to just sow instability and The point is, this is a message that numbers that yield any power or influ- get us to fight with one another, but would divide Americans against each ence. Instead, the way to weaken us is they can also use it to target specific other. It will get us to fight along reli- to divide us from within by pitting us candidates. gious lines and potentially ethnic lines. against each other. The weapons they For example, they are using these That is the purpose of this kind of use in this war are their goals. Let me networks, potentially, to leak stolen stuff—a fake account they boosted start with their goals. documents from a computer they with automated bots so it got on peo- How do they weaken us? The first is hacked; or email doctored documents, ple’s news feeds. they seek to amplify political and so- where they change a few words and By the way, they do dozens and doz- cial divisions in our country. You will make it sound like you said something ens of these sorts of posts. This is just see that both in 2016 and in the current you never said; or, an even greater and one example of it. This may reach 4,000 efforts I am about to show that they growing threat, potentially, one day there, 18,000 people over there. This focus largely on issues of race, immi- develop deepfake videos that you will stuff adds up. gration, and gun control. They know watch on your news feed. You will look Let me show you a second slide. This the issues that pit Americans against at the video, and it looks like someone is a slide from Aztlan Warriors. As you each other. They know the hot-button saying and doing something, but it was can see, it is pictures and the names of issues that get us to fight and call each carefully doctored and only an expert various Native American figures from other names and accuse one another of can tell. By the time a campaign or America’s past giving thanks to our horrible things, and that is why they candidate bats it down, the election vets in the 500-year war against colo- focus on those issues. has passed, and that video has been nialism. Another goal they have is to under- spread far and wide and probably even Look at that one. Why would they mine confidence in our democracy—to found its way into regular media. post that? Geronimo, Crazy Horse, be able to go around saying that our They know how the metrics work. Chief Joseph, and the like. Why would elections are rigged—so that we may How does the story pop up on your they post that? Again, this is just two come to doubt that a winner of an elec- news feed, for example, on Facebook? examples of things they were pushing tion really won. It is based on how many people click to get people to fight. Maybe they are The third is that they seek to weak- and look at it. They unleash auto- hoping some political or well-known en our image globally—for example, mated bots and even potentially paid figure will like it and then create a making up stories about how American advertising to drive traffic to those scandal about them in the press, but troops in some country are killing ci- sites so those fake stories or that false they know this will outrage people. vilians or committing war crimes and content and that divisive content be- This is an outrageous message. This things of that nature, doctoring photos gins to rise on the news feed, meaning is a message designed to generate out- and video, and spreading fake news more people will read it. The result is, rage. This is not a pro-Trump message through their Russian propaganda out- you have started a massive internet or pro-Democratic message; this is an lets. rumor that you know is going to get outrage message. This is informational This is how they seek to weaken us. Americans to fight against one an- warfare. They know we have a First The methods they use are enlightening other. Amendment. This is protected speech, because they used them in 2016, and This is not a relic of 2016. This is hap- oftentimes. They use it against us. You they are using them even at this very pening now. This is happening today. can’t do that in Russia. This stuff is moment that I am speaking to you We were reminded of it earlier this censored in Russia, but they have fig- now. How do they amplify our political morning, earlier today. ured out how to use this information to and social divisions? What do they do I want to show you two slides that get us to fight against one another. to get us to fight with one another? Be- Facebook revealed—two slides of con- There are dozens of other ads like cause if they just put a bunch of seg- tent that Facebook has now removed this that today were removed. One of ments on RT—everyone knows RT is because they have identified it as the them attacks President Trump as a the Kremlin’s television station, but work of Russian intelligence and their Nazi—a divisive message designed to they are keen watchers of American informational war against the United get us to fight. Again, these are not ads habits. What do they know? They know States. designed to win a campaign. a significant and growing percentage of Our first slide, under a fake account This ad is not going to lead you to di- Americans get their news and their in- named Resisters, was posted on the 1st rectly go out and vote for your Con- formation from social media. of September of last year. It says: Mil- gressman or against him or for your In the old days, if you wanted to lions of indigenous people died during Senator or against him. This is de- start a rumor, you started a rumor, the conquest of America. History is signed to drive conflict, along lines in and people had to tell someone else. history. But if we want integrity and this country that they know drives

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.051 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5495 conflict. These are conflict messages. That is the purpose of the DETER to do something reckless or irrespon- This is informational warfare. This is Act, a bill we have filed together and sible. I am not interested, and I know what they are doing now year-round. In continues to gain cosponsors. It is to Senator VAN HOLLEN is not interested, campaigns, they may tailor it for make sure Vladimir Putin knows how in a talking point or a messaging exer- something else, but this is what they high the price will be in comparison to cise. We want to pass a law, which are doing to us year-round. the benefit before he decides what he means it has to have 60 votes in the This is what they did in 2016, with wants to do about 2018 or beyond. Senate, a majority in the House, and the primary objective of getting us to The bill is pretty straightforward. It something President Trump can sign. be divided, with the primary objective doesn’t deal with 2016. It doesn’t look We are willing to change the bill so of ensuring that no matter who won backward. It looks forward. It says two long as it can pass, and it will actually that election—Hillary Clinton or Don- things. The first is, after every elec- have strong enough deterrence. That is ald Trump—the next President of the tion, the Director of National Intel- good public policy without unintended United States was going to take office ligence has to issue a report, after con- consequences. That is the purpose of with a dark cloud over their head and sulting with the Attorney General, this. a nation continually debating these with the White House, with all the I will close where I began. We make issues and divided over it. heads of the intelligence agencies, a terrible mistake if we think this This is how you weaken an adversary about whether Russia attempted to somehow is an effort by Vladimir Putin from within. This is 21st century infor- interfere in our elections. to engage himself in a partisan com- mation warfare, and this is what is I am not talking about five Russian petition in the United States. His goal happening to our country. The target guys on Twitter. I am talking about a is not to elect one party or any indi- of this campaign is not the Democratic real campaign to interfere in our elec- vidual candidate. His ultimate goal is Party. It is not the Republican Party. tions and conduct informational war- to divide us against each other. It is you, the American people. A for- fare for the purposes of disrupting our I ask everyone this. If a stranger eign country, under a foreign dictator, election, for the purposes of under- came into your home—no matter what is coming into your homes, across your mining confidence in the ballot box, for problems you may have with your fam- computer screen and your mobile the purposes of driving divisions in ily member or your children—and ac- phones, and targeting you for psycho- America. If the answer is yes, it defines tively encouraged you to fight with logical and informational warfare. very clearly a set of specific, very your spouse and fight with your kids That is what we have to fully accept, hard-hitting sanctions in waiting— and fight with your relatives, con- as well as the implications it has for sanctions in waiting—that will be im- stantly trying to instigate, I know our country, for its future, for our Re- posed if, but only if, there is inter- most people would tell this person: Lis- public, for our elections, and for our ference. Sanctions are important as a ten, we are family, and we argue with ability to do work here. penalty for what has been happening in one another, but you are not. You have They are better at this today than the past, but deterrence happens when no place to come into our home and get they were 2 years ago. Imagine when people know it is going to happen in us to fight with one another. they start using that to try to influ- the future. We need to do that with our country. ence the debates in the Senate or the He has already paid the price for 2016. We need to do that with America. That House—contemporary issues. It is com- Those sanctions are already in place. is what we are hoping we can do here; ing. That is already baked into the equa- 2016 is being dealt with. The Intel- I don’t have a magic solution for how tion now. You can’t reimpose the same ligence Committee that I sit on con- to stop it. This is a 21st century re- sanctions. Vladimir Putin is well aware tinues to do its work. We learn more ality. We have to address it and be pre- what will happen if he conducts a mas- every day that I think will help us be pared for it. I know this. I don’t like sive cyber attack on our infrastruc- stronger for the future. Vladimir Putin. I don’t respect Vladi- ture. He is well aware of what will hap- Is the independent counsel doing his mir Putin. I don’t consider him to be a pen if he launches a rocket, a missile work? I think the best thing that could great leader or anything like that. I against one of America’s cities. He happen is that all the truth can come largely consider him to be a weak and knows very well what will happen if he out. The best thing for the President, very corrupt man whose government is tries to shoot down one of our air- the best thing for the country is that largely based on corruption and the planes. he be allowed to finish his work and ability to provide wealth to those who Right now, he is kind of wondering that we know everything that hap- surround him, as long as they give him what will happen if ‘‘I did this again pened in detail. The truth, I truly be- some of their money. He is largely an because they seem pretty divided about lieve, is what is in the best interest of organized crime figure in charge of a this whole thing. Maybe I can get away everyone, including the President of nuclear arsenal and a great nation of with it.’’ the United States. great people. He has empowered him- We have to change that equation, and We can’t change the past. We can self with that. I do know he is a cal- that is what this bill is about. The best react to it, but we can’t change it. We culated actor. We have every reason to way to prevent these things is to have a chance to influence the future, believe he makes decisions by weighing change that calculus. The best way to and that is the point of the DETER Act the benefits and the costs. deal with this or any problem is to pre- and why I hope we can make progress. I believe, in 2016, he looked at the ef- vent it from happening in the first The election in the fall is less than forts in 2016 and said: I think weak- place. I cannot guarantee that if we 100 days away now. We are running out ening America from within through an pass a strong deterrence bill, he will of time to put in place the things we informational warfare campaign will not still wage informational warfare, need to put in place to ensure that this yield great benefits at a cost I am will- but I can almost guarantee that if we does not continue to happen. ing to pay. don’t, he will at some point in the fu- We already are pretty irritated about I believe as we get closer to 2018 and ture, and the target could be the Re- these issues in America. The last thing future elections, he will have to make publicans the next time or anyone, for we need is for some foreign, malign that decision again. I believe one of the that matter. Vladimir Putin is not a power, which seeks to weaken us, to things we can do is something that the Republican. He is anti-American, and have a foothold in making things worse Senator from Maryland, Mr. VAN HOL- he seeks to destroy this country from and, in cases like what I just showed, LEN, spoke about earlier and we are within, with driving an informational getting us fighting with one another working on together; that is, we have warfare campaign. over things that aren’t even real. We to do what we can to ensure that when We are prepared to change and tailor are the target of a psychological and he makes a decision about what to do our bill. There are some parts of that informational war. It is time we stand in 2018 or beyond, the price of doing it bill that need to be altered and refined. up for ourselves, and I hope we will is substantially higher than the benefit We recognize that. We are working to pass something like the DETER Act to he thinks he will gain from informa- do that. We are willing to take ideas do so. tional warfare. from anyone. The purpose of this is not I yield the floor.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.053 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 I suggest the absence of a quorum. provided much needed relief to Oklaho- helped FinCEN to follow the money The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. mans and all Americans by lowering and track down drug kingpins, money PERDUE). The clerk will call the roll. tax rates for the middle class, simpli- laundering, human smugglers, and The legislative clerk proceeded to fying tax rates for every American, and other criminal enterprises. call the roll. dramatically changing how we tax Furthermore, this bill makes critical Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, I ask businesses. investments in our Nation’s financial unanimous consent that the order for The tax reform bill has helped small markets by providing targeted in- the quorum call be rescinded. and large businesses and individuals creases for the Securities and Ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without throughout this year. In fact, as a di- change Commission and the Com- objection, it is so ordered. rect result of that bill passing last modity Futures Trading Commission. Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, over year, this past quarter, our economy The SEC—Securities and Exchange the past week, the Senate has debated grew at 4.1 percent. Unemployment is Commission—works to ensure that our and amended the financial services and down to historic levels. Wages have financial markets are fair, orderly, and general government appropriations started to increase again. efficient. This helps Oklahoma compa- bill. It is the first time that this bill We have seen some significant nies have access to the capital they has the potential to cross the floor of growth in our economy, but with that need to get started, to grow, to hire, this Senate since 2007, when the bill significant growth, from a new Tax and to thrive. was created. Not one time has it passed Code, there are also significant changes Over the past year, the SEC has made the Senate since this appropriations that are happening in tax administra- protection of Main Street investors its bill was created. tion. This particular bill provides the Usually, this particular appropria- top priority. This will help ensure that funds necessary for the IRS to be able tions bill is airdropped into an end-of- Wall Street insiders can’t manipulate the-year spending package or an omni- to complete its work to implement the stocks prices for retirees in Norman or bus without ever being publicly de- tax reform bill to ensure that the tax give unscrupulous financial advice to bated, without ever coming to the Sen- forms and all of the IT systems are investors in Broken Arrow. I am ate floor, without a single amendment. ready for the filing system and April pleased we were able to fund this ini- This year changed that. 15. We want to make sure that Ameri- tiative. Households in Oklahoma have This bill has been on this floor this cans get their questions answered be- more than $164 billion in mutual fund entire week. And it was here last week. cause there will be additional questions assets, and the SEC regulates invest- And it is being amended. And it is coming this next year as they file ment companies that issue these secu- going through a process. That may not under a new system—hopefully a sim- rities so that families are not victims seem like a big deal to some. That plified system. of Ponzi schemes or fraud that wipe should be a no-brainer for most Ameri- The bill also provides funding for the out their entire life savings. With $164 cans, certainly for most Oklahomans. taxpayer assistance centers to ensure billion in Oklahoma money invested, it They would think, of course, the bill is that local offices in my State—like is incredibly important that we get being amended and debated. But that those in Enid, Lawton, Oklahoma City, this regulated and get it done right. has not happened since 2007, and we are and Tulsa—remain open and available The bill provides funding, as well, for changing a process, trying to relearn for individuals to have face-to-face the CFTC, which ensures that deriva- how to actually pass bills—to debate conversations with someone from the tives markets in the United States are them and to go through this process. IRS and that there is also the oppor- free from fraud, manipulation, and I think countless Americans across tunity for them to be able to call di- abuse of practices while ensuring that the country who complain about the rectly, if they have questions for the they remain globally competitive. inaction of Congress and all the back- IRS. These important centers help Some people may say: Well, the room deals have been justified in their Oklahomans resolve tax issues, change CFTC doesn’t affect me directly. Do complaints about this bill. But I am tax account information, arrange pay- you know what? If you are a soybean telling you, we are at a historic turn- ments, as well as get answers to ques- farmer or a rancher or you are involved ing point of trying to shift this process tions regarding the new tax law. in oil and gas production in Oklahoma, around. We have demonstrated that ap- This bill also includes $159 million for CFTC markets help these people hedge propriations bills can be debated and the Office of Terrorism and Financial their risk. It is very important to them amended in an open, orderly, and fair Intelligence. It is at the Treasury De- and to our economy. process for all of the country to see. partment, but it levies the sanctions I am pleased that the CFTC Chair- I was grateful to accept the role of against terrorist organizations, inter- man, Christopher Giancarlo, is visiting chairman of the subcommittee earlier national narcotics traffickers, rogue Oklahoma next week to meet with ag- this year because of the agencies and regimes, and individuals and entities riculture and energy groups face to programs that are impacted by this involved in the proliferation of weap- face and listen to their needs as the particular appropriations bill. It af- ons of mass destruction. It is an incred- agency implements thoughtful rules fects the lives of millions of Ameri- ibly important office that functions in and regulations that encourage partici- cans, plays an important role in sup- our Treasury. pation and innovation in the markets. porting the American economy, and The State of Oklahoma knows first- We welcome the CFTC Chairman to promoting private sector growth. hand the devastation that can be Oklahoma. The funding for this particular appro- caused by terrorism, and I am pleased The bill also provides $280 million for priations bill is $23.688 billion. It in- that this terrorism finance entity re- the High Intensity Drug Trafficking cludes funding for entities across all ceived a $17.2 million increase in our Areas Program, which supports law en- three branches of government, from bill. It increases their capacity to curb forcement agencies operating in major the White House to the Supreme Court, terrorist financing and dismantle the drug trafficking regions and corridors. to a diverse group of 27 independent financial networks that support them. One of those initiatives in this program agencies and the Treasury. If you stop the flow of money to ter- is the Texoma HIDTA, which encom- In fact, more than half of this par- rorism and to cartels, you can stop the passes a handful of counties in North ticular appropriations bill, $12.7 billion, flow of drugs and violence and every Texas, as well as Cleveland, Comanche, funds the Department of the Treasury, other evil thing that they bring. McIntosh, Muskogee, Oklahoma, Pitts- the offices of which execute important This bill also includes $118 million for burg, Sequoyah, and Tulsa Counties. functions that promote economic the Financial Crimes Enforcement Net- Those counties are sometimes used as a growth, combat illicit finance, safe- work or what is called FinCEN. It com- transnational shipping distribution guard our financial system, administer bats money laundering. In 2018, finan- area for drugs arriving from Mexico the Internal Revenue Code, and man- cial institutions in Oklahoma have that are destined for Oklahoma and age the Federal Government’s fiscal filed over 12,000 suspicious activity re- other parts of the country. operations. ports that they identified with FinCEN With this funding, the Texoma Last year, the Tax Cut and Jobs Act to identify suspicious activities or po- HIDTA coordinates training, informa- passed this Congress and is now law. It tentially suspicious activities that tion sharing, and joint task forces that

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.054 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5497 connect 70 different Federal, State, and homa and Oklahoma families. But it is ceding me, and I thank him very much. local law enforcement agencies in important to note that we are not just He has worked very hard in the Appro- Oklahoma and North Texas. For exam- sending a check to these entities and priations Committee. ple, this week, from Wednesday to Fri- agencies, and walking away. Senator SHELBY and I have worked day, the Texoma HIDTA is hosting a Prior to passing the bill, we held very hard to get a bipartisan bill. I training for local street patrol officers, open hearings to require agency leaders would hope that we could have a con- investigators, and detectives to in- to publicly defend their budget re- sent agreement very soon to bring the crease awareness of the trends, meth- quests, and we will continue to hold current bills to a conclusion. ods of operations, and drug activity of hearings and have conversations with I would note that both Mr. SHELBY the most commonly encountered crimi- agency heads and senior leaders and and I have done our best to work with nal street gangs. It is important that budget directors about the use of their Members of both parties. Many people this program stays in place. funds. In some cases, we have made on the Appropriations Committee have The bill includes $99 million for the cuts already, and there will be others concerns, some of which are by nature Office of National Drug Control Policy that may have to be made in the fu- parochial, many national. I think we and the Drug-Free Communities Sup- ture. have tried to accommodate as many port Program that supports commu- Last year, we provided $150 million people as possible, and I hope that Sen- nity coalitions to prevent youth drug for the Technology Modernization ators can reach an agreement soon so use. Many youth have a difficult time Fund at the GSA, the General Services we can know exactly what we will be navigating junior high and high school Administration. They came back this voting on if not tonight, tomorrow and early college, trying to stay away year and asked for $210 million. We said morning. from drugs—and keep away. This pro- no. We have not seen results from that I thank the Senator for his comment. gram supports grants and nonprofit or- program yet, and we don’t have any I see my friend is about to speak, so ganizations in towns in my State like data on it, and I wasn’t going to allo- I will yield the floor. Oologah, Lexington, and Hulbert in cate $210 million to something that we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- their efforts to reduce teen substance don’t know is working. ator from Kansas. abuse. The National Archives and Records Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I appre- The bill also provides funding in- Administration does incredibly impor- ciate the kind remarks and the com- creases to the U.S. Postal Services in- tant work to protect our Nation’s his- ments about the appropriations process spector general to address the growing tory, but we reduced their budget for and bill by the ranking member, the concern of narcotics trafficking administrative expenses in this bill. vice chairman of the committee. through the mail. This funding in- They responded by finding more effi- In this package of appropriations crease will enable the inspector general ciencies to compensate for that. This bills is the FSGG that was just talked to address the increase in the number can be a model for other agencies and about by the Senator from Oklahoma, of allegations of postal employees entities. the chairman of the subcommittee of stealing drugs from the mail or postal There are ways to help protect Amer- which I am a member. Tonight, I want employees assisting drug trafficking icans’ money, and it begins by the gov- to speak about an aspect of that appro- organizations in the delivery of nar- ernment remembering that the money priations bill. I want to speak on the cotics shipped through the mail. that is allocated in this bill is not our evolving threats in cyber security that We have thousands and thousands of money; it is money that is coming out not only pose harm to individual Amer- great employees in the U.S. Postal of the paychecks of hard-working icans but also to Federal agencies that Service, but, sometimes, if we have a Americans, and they want us to be re- are tasked with ensuring the economic bad apple in the group, the mail itself sponsible with it—rightfully so. and national security of our Nation. is used to deliver some of the worst Again, this is a historic week for the In recent years, it has become clear narcotics to Americans. We need to in- Appropriations Committee, for this that threats in cyber security are rap- crease for the inspector general to be particular subcommittee, and for the idly changing. Cyber attacks are not able to track down a bad actor, even in Senate. I do applaud the determination only growing in volume but also in our U.S. Postal Service. of Chairman SHELBY and Vice Chair- complexity. I chair a subcommittee of the Senate The bill provides full funding to the man LEAHY as they push these bills Federal Communications Commission through and publicly debate these bills Commerce Committee, the Sub- to help close the digital divide between on the floor. committee on Consumer Protection, metropolitan areas and rural areas in I also want to thank the ranking Product Safety, Insurance, and Data Oklahoma. We want to protect con- member of the subcommittee, Mr. Security. I have convened hearings and sumer and public safety and improve COONS. He has been a great partner in publicly questioned Federal agencies the regulatory process for tele- this effort. Our team and his team have and private corporations alike to deter- communications companies throughout worked very cooperatively together mine what standards and practices the State. This also sets the precedent through a lot of difficult issues. they have in place to better protect for increasing cell phone coverage in I appreciate everyone’s engagement their customers’ personal and financial some of the most rural areas in the on these issues as we try to solve this data. country, including rural areas in Okla- long term. With examples of breaches exposing homa. I look forward to continuing over- the personally identifiable information Oklahoma receives the second largest sight in the months ahead as we pass of tens of millions of Americans, such allocation of Lifeline funds in the en- this bill and then watch over how those as in the 2015 breach within the U.S. tire country, $128 million. But there is dollars are actually spent. We want to Office of Personnel Management, the some waste and inefficiency, and there make sure that decisions that have ability to compromise data networks are some individuals even in my State been made are best for the American in the Federal Government cannot be who are getting Lifeline funds but people, best for the agencies, and best overstated. Companies must do all they should not. So we have increased the for the future of our country. can to prevent hackers from gaining ability to be more efficient and to I look forward to seeing this bill access to their customers’ information. make sure that Lifeline funds are tar- completed in just the next few hours or The Federal Government and State of- geted to people who actually need it next couple of days and finishing the ficials must do the same. the most. work and then partnering this bill with Advancements in information tech- Further, this bill provides full fund- what the House has passed to get a nology, or IT, will continue to drive ing for the Federal Trade Commission final conference report and put it on the changes in our Nation’s security, to fulfill its mission to prevent anti- the President’s desk. economic competitiveness, commu- competitive mergers and anticompeti- With that, I yield the floor. nications, healthcare, privacy, and tive business practices in the market- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- other areas. The Federal Government place. ator from Vermont. must keep pace with these changes Each of the programs that I just Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I appre- through nimble, expeditious, and re- mentioned has a real impact on Okla- ciate the comments of the Senator pre- sults-driven decision making.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.055 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 A stringent and cumbersome budg- vided no funds for the Technology Mod- affecting our Federal systems, States, eting and acquisition process has tied ernization Fund in the mark for this and crossing the line among numerous the hands of Federal agencies in their fiscal year, 2019. sectors in our Nation’s critical infra- efforts to modernize their IT systems I appreciate the opportunity to work structure. in an efficient fashion. with Subcommittee Chairman As our intelligence and other com- The U.S. Government Accountability LANKFORD and his staff. It was clear to munities analyze cyber threats, wheth- Office’s 2015 ‘‘High-Risk Series’’ report me in that conversation and those dis- er attacking our democracy or our crit- highlighted several issues it deemed cussions that GSA and OMB need to ical infrastructure, it is important that critical to improving IT acquisition. provide more information on individual the Federal Government promptly Specifically, the report stated that agency proposals submitted to and streamline and share cyber security in- about 75 percent of the $80 billion the awarded by the Technology Moderniza- formation with State, local, and pri- Federal Government spends annually tion Fund. vate sector partners. on IT investments is spent on oper- I worked with the subcommittee to Although talk of cyber threats to our ating and maintaining outdated and include specific reporting requirements State networks and critical infrastruc- unsupported legacy systems, creating in this bill for the agencies to provide ture across all sectors continues to major cyber security vulnerabilities at Congress. Agency officials have been grow, this threat is not new. Just last home and abroad. In fact, the Federal providing necessary information to ap- July, we saw hackers infiltrate a net- Chief Information Officer, Suzette propriators since the markup of the work of companies that run nuclear Kent, recently testified to the House bill, so progress is being made. plants in the United States, including a Committee on Oversight and Govern- These commonsense requirements nuclear powerplant in my home State ment Reform last week, where she are absolutely critical and will lead to of Kansas. more transparency, and it is important identified the replacement of legacy IT Incidentally, a cross-section of stake- that the GSA and OMB work closely systems as critical to achieving strong- holders at the State and Federal level with the Appropriations Committee on er Federal cyber security protections. and among the private sector are rep- proposals for moving forward. Congress With the support of the Trump ad- resented at the Kansas Intelligence Fu- and the Federal agencies must work ministration, I partnered with Senator sion Center, which plays a critical role hand-in-hand to provide the necessary TOM UDALL of New Mexico to introduce in analyzing and comparing cyber data resources to the Technology Mod- the Modernizing Government Tech- and intelligence among public-private ernization Fund, which, used respon- nology Act, which is being referred to partners and Federal agencies to iden- sibly, is a vital tool for the Federal as the MGT Act, in an effort to address tify similarities, anomalies, and ways Government’s task of keeping our Na- the foundational cyber security threats our cyber defenses can improve. The tion’s critical IT infrastructure effi- that outdated legacy systems in our Fusion Center, headquartered in To- cient and secure. Federal agencies pose. peka and managed by the Kansas Na- The MGT Act establishes IT working Inherently tied to improving our Na- tional Guard, has analytical capability capital funds for 24 CFO Act-eligible tion’s critical IT infrastructure is bol- that works as an intermediary, sup- agencies and allows them to use sav- stering cyber security efforts against porting companies across the United ings obtained through streamlining IT those who try to do us harm in the States in our financial and energy sec- systems, replacing legacy products, cyber domain. The Federal role in tors, as well as our intelligence com- and transitioning to cloud computing cyber security involves both securing munity and the Department of Defense, for further modernization efforts for up Federal systems and assisting in pro- the Department of Energy, and the De- to 3 years. tecting non-Federal systems. Under partment of Homeland Security. With The bill also creates the Technology current law, all Federal agencies have the Fusion Center’s ability to access, Modernization Fund, a separate cen- cyber security responsibilities relating analyze, and transmit data at classified tralized fund within the Department of to their own systems, and many have levels, they are able to more accu- the Treasury. These resources would be sector-specific responsibilities. rately assess cyber threats from the administered across the Federal Gov- One of the most well-known topics vantage point that private sector part- ernment by the head of the General related to our Nation’s cyber security ners cannot. Similarly, they are able to Services Administration in consulta- capabilities relates to the intelligence share what they learn from cyber at- tion with a board of Federal IT experts. community indicating that Russian It is fitting that the MGT Act was cyber actors interfered with U.S. elec- tacks on private sector partners to signed into law last year as part of the tions. These exposures threatened to Federal agencies. National Defense Authorization Act for compromise one of the most sacred As we look for ways to improve IT Fiscal Year 2018, as cyber security pol- privileges we have, as Americans, af- systems across the Federal Govern- icy is increasingly interwoven into forded to us in our constitutional free- ment, there is much to be gained from comprehensive national security dis- dom to participate in democracy the private sector and their experience cussions. through election. and exposure to cyber attacks. As the As contributors to the original draft- Back-end election systems, including Departments of Defense, Energy, and ing of the MGT Act, Senate appropri- voter registration databases, ballot Homeland Security develop an assess- ators demonstrated their continued creation systems, voting machine con- ment of our Nation’s cyber infrastruc- support for the innovative policy by figuration systems, absentee proc- ture, I hope they seek the perspective appropriating $100 million to the Tech- essing and reporting, and tabulation of our private sector partners that nology Modernization Fund for fiscal software, are increasingly vulnerable have just as much at stake in pro- year 2018, last year’s appropriations and have been compromised by both tecting our infrastructure across the bill. Of this original funding, the Tech- private and state actors. While States country as does the Federal Govern- nology Modernization Fund has al- are charged with the primary responsi- ment. ready awarded substantial grants to bility of securing their systems, the We must do all we can to keep our applicant agencies, including the De- Federal Government can bolster those Nation’s ability to detect, prevent, and partments of Housing and Urban Devel- efforts through legislation, such as the respond to cyber security attacks, opment, Energy, and Agriculture, to Secure Elections Act, which I cospon- which is why fully funding the Tech- replace their outdated, unsupported, sored in an effort to strengthen protec- nology Modernization Fund is so im- and vulnerable systems. tions against foreign interference and portant to bolstering an environment Given these early-stage successes, I prevent Russian meddling in our elec- that incentivizes organizations to was disappointed to find that the Sen- tion, as they did in 2016. strengthen their IT systems. ate Appropriations Subcommittee for Our Nation faces existential threats I hope my colleagues recognize the Financial Services and General Gov- from adversaries such as Russia and importance of investing in defensive ernment, FSGG—the subcommittee China in a warfare we cannot see that cyber security capacity and join me in that the Senator from Oklahoma rages in the shadows of cyber space, supporting funding for the Technology chairs and that I am a member of—pro- where cyber attacks know no bounds, Modernization Fund in the Financial

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.057 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5499 Services and General Government ap- AMENDMENT NO. 3428 On page 17, line 14, strike ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and propriations bill and supporting the Se- (Purpose: To require a report on engagement insert ‘‘$8,000,000’’. cure Elections Act. with local interests relating to intelligent On page 40, line 7, strike ‘‘$134,673,000’’ and insert ‘‘$131,673,000’’. Mr. President, I yield the floor. transportation systems technologies and smart cities solutions) AMENDMENT NO. 3454 I suggest the absence of a quorum. At the appropriate place in title I of divi- (Purpose: To require the Secretary of Agri- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. sion D, insert the following: culture to establish a working group to DAINES). The clerk will call the roll. SEC. 1ll. Not later than 90 days after the conduct research relating to ocean agri- The assistant bill clerk proceeded to date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary culture) of Transportation shall submit to the Com- call the roll. At the appropriate place in division C, in- mittees on Appropriations and Commerce, Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask sert the following: Science, and Transportation of the Senate unanimous consent that the order for and the Committees on Appropriations and RESEARCH ON OCEAN AGRICULTURE the quorum call be rescinded. Transportation and Infrastructure of the SEC. lll. (a) The Secretary of Agri- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. House of Representatives a report on efforts culture, in coordination with the Adminis- ROUNDS). Without objection, it is so or- by the Department of Transportation to en- trator of the National Oceanic and Atmos- dered. gage with local communities, metropolitan pheric Administration, shall establish a Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask planning organizations, and regional trans- working group (referred to in this section as portation commissions on advancing data the ‘‘working group’’)— unanimous consent that it be in order and intelligent transportation systems tech- (1) to study how mangroves, kelp forests, to call up and consider the amend- nologies and other smart cities solutions. tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows could ments in the managers’ package, which AMENDMENT NO. 3436 help deacidify the oceans; is at the desk, with a modification to (Purpose: To require the Administrator of (2) to study emerging ocean farming prac- amendment No. 3670, en bloc. the Federal Aviation Administration to tices that use kelp and seagrass to deacidify The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there submit a report on implementation of the oceans while providing feedstock for ag- objection? NextGen at commercial service airports in riculture and other commercial and indus- the United States) trial inputs; and The Senator from Vermont. (3) to coordinate and conduct research to Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, Senator At the appropriate place, insert the fol- lowing: develop and enhance pilot-scale research for SHELBY and I and Senator MORAN have farming of kelp and seagrass in order— SEC. lll. REPORT ON NEXTGEN IMPLEMENTA- worked on this. We have no objection. TION. (A) to deacidify ocean environments; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year (B) to produce a feedstock for agriculture; objection, it is so ordered. after the date of enactment of this Act, the and The amendments will be considered Administrator shall submit to Congress a re- (C) to develop other scalable commercial applications for kelp, seagrass, or products en bloc. port on the implementation of NextGen at commercial service airports in the United derived from kelp or seagrass. AMENDMENTS NOS. 3406; 3428; 3436; 3437; 3438; 3447; States. (b) The working group shall include— 3454; 3468; 3476; 3480; 3482; 3492; 3493; 3517; 3540; 3546; (b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by sub- (1) the Secretary of Agriculture; 3551; 3560; 3562; 3563; 3566; 3578; 3582; 3585; 3595; 3607; section (a) shall include the following: (2) the Administrator of the National Oce- 3608; 3613; 3615; 3621; 3633; 3645; 3646; 3650; 3651; 3661; (1) The number and percentage of commer- anic and Atmospheric Administration; 3665; 3666; 3684; 3668; 3669; 3670, AS MODIFIED; 3671; cial service airports in the United States (3) representatives of any relevant offices 3675; 3676; 3677; AND 3679 TO AMENDMENT NO. 3399 that have fully implemented NextGen. within the National Oceanic and Atmos- Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask (2) The percentage completion of NextGen pheric Administration; and unanimous consent that the amend- implementation at each commercial service (4) the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. ments be made pending, en bloc, under airport in the United States. (c) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD TO DETER- (c) Not later than 2 years after the date of the previous order. MINE PERCENTAGE IMPLEMENTATION OF enactment of this Act, the working group The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without NEXTGEN.— shall submit to Congress a report that in- objection, the amendments are now (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall cludes— pending en bloc. develop a standard for determining under (1) the findings of the research described in Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I know subsection (b)(2) the percentage completion subsection (a); of no further debate on the amend- of NextGen implementation at commercial (2) the results of the pilot-scale research described in subsection (a)(3); and ments. service airports in the United States based on factors that may include an accounting of (3) any policy recommendations based on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there efficiency benefits achieved, the degree of those findings and results. further debate? NextGen technology and infrastructure in- AMENDMENT NO. 3468 If not, the question is on agreeing to stalled, and the extent of controller training (Purpose: To set aside funds for the develop- the amendments en bloc. on NextGen. ment of a map depicting pyrrhotite occur- The amendments (Nos. 3406; 3428; (2) INCLUSION IN REPORT.—The Adminis- rences throughout the United States) 3436; 3437; 3438; 3447; 3454; 3468; 3476; 3480; trator shall include in the report submitted under subsection (a) the standard developed On page 21, line 23, insert after ‘‘2020;’’ the 3482; 3492; 3493; 3517; 3540; 3546; 3551; 3560; under paragraph (1). following: ‘‘of which $100,000 shall be made 3562; 3563; 3566; 3578; 3582; 3585; 3595; 3607; (d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: available to the United States Geological 3608; 3613; 3615; 3621; 3633; 3645; 3646; 3650; (1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis- Survey Mineral Resources Program for the 3651; 3661; 3665; 3666; 3684; 3668; 3669; 3670, trator’’ means the Administrator of the Fed- development of a map depicting pyrrhotite as modified; 3671; 3675; 3676; 3677; and eral Aviation Administration. occurrences throughout the United States;’’. 3679) were agreed to en bloc, as follows: (2) NEXTGEN.—The term ‘‘NextGen’’ means AMENDMENT NO. 3476 the Next Generation Air Transportation Sys- (Purpose: To provide for the use of funds to AMENDMENT NO. 3406 tem. ensure that survivors of domestic violence (Purpose: To authorize the Secretary of Ag- AMENDMENT NO. 3437 and sexual assault do not face housing dis- riculture to provide technical assistance (Purpose: To provide a set-aside for the crimination) relating to a disaster caused by a volcanic dryland agriculture research program) At the appropriate place in division D, in- eruption) On page 315, line 13, insert ‘‘of which not sert the following: At the appropriate place in division C, in- less than $2,000,000 shall be available to carry SEC. ll. (a) The Secretary of Housing and sert the following: out the dryland agriculture research pro- Urban Development shall continue to engage SEC. lll. The Secretary of Agriculture gram;’’ before ‘‘and of which’’. in efforts authorized by the Violence Against shall provide to any State or county im- AMENDMENT NO. 3438 Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (Public pacted by a volcanic eruption covered by a (Purpose: To strike section 531) Law 113–4; 127 Stat. 54) to ensure that sur- major disaster declared by the President in vivors of domestic violence and sexual as- Strike section 531. calendar year 2018 in accordance with section sault are not unlawfully evicted or denied 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief AMENDMENT NO. 3447 housing by certain landlords based on their and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. (Purpose: To provide additional funds for experience as survivors. 5170) technical assistance— grants from the Historic Preservation (b) Not later than 180 days after the date of (1) to assess damage to agricultural pro- Fund for historically Black colleges and enactment of this Act, the Secretary of duction and rural infrastructure; and universities, with an offset) Housing and Urban Development shall sub- (2) to develop recovery plans for impacted On page 17, line 4, strike ‘‘$88,910,000’’ and mit to Congress a report on the efforts de- farmers, ranchers, and rural communities. insert ‘‘$91,910,000’’. scribed in subsection (a).

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AMENDMENT NO. 3480 (A) the number of properties assisted under AMENDMENT NO. 3563 (Purpose: To encourage the Department of title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. (Purpose: To provide for the use of funds Transportation and the Corps of Engineers 1471 et seq.) that are reaching the end of from the Indian Irrigation Fund) to cooperate to develop a path forward in their loan term; On page 34, line 19, strike the period at the allowing freight funding eligibility for in- (B) the location of each property described end and insert the following: ‘‘: Provided fur- land waterways improvements) in subparagraph (A); (C) the number of units in each property ther, That of the funds made available under At the appropriate place in title I of divi- this heading, $10,000,000 shall be derived from sion D, insert the following: described in subparagraph (A); and (D) the date on which each the loan for the Indian Irrigation Fund established by SEC. 1ll. The Secretary of Transpor- each property described in subparagraph (A) section 3211 of the WIIN Act (Public Law 114– tation shall consult with the Assistant Sec- 322; 130 Stat. 1749).’’. retary of the Army for Civil Works to iden- is expected to reach maturity; tify any existing authorities and any addi- (2) the strategy of the Rural Housing Serv- AMENDMENT NO. 3566 ice to preserve the long-term affordability of tional authorities that may be needed to le- (Purpose: Of a perfecting nature) verage funds from Department of Transpor- the properties described in paragraph (1)(A) At the appropriate place in division C, in- tation programs for purposes of inland wa- when the loan matures; and sert the following: terway project costs. (3) a description of the resources and tools that the Rural Housing Service needs from SEC. ll. Out of amounts appropriated to AMENDMENT NO. 3482 Congress in order to preserve the long-term the Food and Drug Administration under (Purpose: To set aside funds for the conduct affordability of the properties described in title VI, the Secretary of Health and Human of certain wood utilization research) paragraph (1) (A). Services, acting through the Commissioner On page 84, line 5, insert after ‘‘2022’’ the AMENDMENT NO. 3551 of Food and Drugs, shall, not later than July following: ‘‘, of which not less than $500,000 1, 2019, and following the review required shall be made available for wood utilization (Purpose: To provide funding to study and under Executive Order 12866 (5 U.S.C. 601 research to develop woody and agricultural combat harmful algal blooms) note; relating to regulatory planning and re- biomass conversion of low-value woody bio- On page 22, line 10, strike the period at the view), issue advice revising the advice pro- mass using microwave-assisted lique- end and insert the following: ‘‘: Provided fur- vided in the notice of availability entitled faction’’. ther, That of the amounts made available ‘‘Advice About Eating Fish, From the Envi- AMENDMENT NO. 3492 under this heading, not less than $200,000 ronmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration; Revised Fish Advice; (Purpose: To ensure safe and timely comple- shall be used for activities to better under- Availability’’ (82 Fed. Reg. 6571 (January 19, tion of the flexible sleeper berth pilot pro- stand mechanisms that result in toxins being 2017)), in a manner that is consistent with gram) present in harmful algal blooms.’’. On page 65, line 5, strike the period at the nutrition science recognized by the Food and On page 455, between lines 18 and 19, insert end and insert the following: ‘‘: Provided fur- Drug Administration on the net effects of the following: ther, That of the amounts made available seafood consumption. SEC. 13l. To the maximum extent prac- under this heading, not less than $5,000,000 ticable, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety AMENDMENT NO. 3578 shall be used to investigate health impacts Administration shall ensure the safe and from exposure to harmful algal blooms and (Purpose: To add a provision to clarify eligi- timely completion of the flexible sleeper cyanobacteria toxins, and to develop innova- bility and establish an eligibility appeal berth pilot program of the Administration. tive methods to monitor, characterize, and mechanism under the rural broadband loan AMENDMENT NO. 3493 predict blooms for early action.’’. and grant pilot program) (Purpose: To require the Secretary of Agri- AMENDMENT NO. 3560 At the appropriate place in division C, in- culture to submit a report on conservation sert the following: (Purpose: To require FinCEN to submit to programs administered by the Natural Re- SEC. lll. In administering the pilot pro- Congress a report on Geographic Targeting sources Conservation Service relating to gram established by section 779 of division A Orders) ocelots) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 At the appropriate place in title VII of di- At the appropriate place, insert the fol- (Public Law 115–141), the Secretary of Agri- vision C, insert the following: lowing: culture shall— SEC. ll. Not later than 180 days after the SEC. lll. Not later than 180 days after (1) ensure that applicants that are deter- date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary the date of enactment of this Act, the Finan- mined to be ineligible for the pilot program of Agriculture shall submit to Congress a re- cial Crimes Enforcement Network and the have a means of appealing or otherwise chal- port describing the ways in which conserva- appropriate divisions of the Department of lenging that determination in a timely fash- tion programs administered by the Natural the Treasury shall submit to Congress a re- ion; and Resources Conservation Service may be bet- port on any Geographic Targeting Orders (2) in determining whether an entity may ter used for the conservation of ocelots issued since 2016, including— overbuild or duplicate broadband expansion (Leopardus pardalis) and any action taken (1) the type of data collected; efforts made by any entity that has received by the Chief of the Natural Resources Con- (2) how the Financial Crimes Enforcement a broadband loan from the Rural Utilities servation Service relating to the conserva- Network uses the data; Service, not consider loans that were re- tion of ocelots. (3) whether the Financial Crimes Enforce- scinded or defaulted on, or loans the terms AMENDMENT NO. 3517 ment Network needs more authority to com- and conditions of which were not met, if the bat money laundering through high-end real entity under consideration has not pre- (Purpose: To set aside funds for the Colorado estate; viously defaulted on, or failed to meet the River Basin salinity control program) (4) how a record of beneficial ownership terms and conditions of, a Rural Utilities On page 5, line 5, strike the period and in- would improve and assist law enforcement Service loan or had a Rural Utilities Service sert the following: ‘‘: Provided, That of the efforts to investigate and prosecute criminal loan rescinded. amounts made available under this heading, activity and prevent the use of shell compa- AMENDMENT NO. 3582 $2,000,000 shall be made available to carry nies to facilitate money laundering, tax eva- out the Colorado River Basin salinity con- sion, terrorism financing, election fraud, and (Purpose: To increase funding for 1890 land- trol program.’’. other illegal activity; and grant colleges, with an offset) AMENDMENT NO. 3540 (5) the feasibility of implementing Geo- At the appropriate place in title VII of di- (Purpose: To set aside additional funds for graphic Targeting Orders on a permanent vision C, insert the following: grants for the conduct of certain hazardous basis on all real estate transactions in the 1890 LAND-GRANT COLLEGES, INCLUDING fuels management activities) United States greater than $300,000. TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY On page 85, line 17, strike ‘‘$15,000,000’’ and AMENDMENT NO. 3562 SEC. 7ll. (a) Notwithstanding any other insert ‘‘$20,000,000’’. (Purpose: To prohibit certain companies provision of this Act, the amounts made AMENDMENT NO. 3546 from receiving assistance) available by this Act to carry out sections (Purpose: To require the Rural Housing Serv- At the appropriate place in division B, in- 1444 and 1445, respectively, of the National ice to submit a report on certain prop- sert the following: Agricultural Research, Extension, and erties) SEC. ll. None of the funds made available Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221, At the appropriate place in division C, in- to the Small Business Administration in this 3222) shall each be increased by $3,000,000. sert the following: Act may be provided to a company— (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of SEC. ll. Not later than 1 year after the (1) that is headquarted in the People’s Re- this Act, the amount made available under date of enactment of this Act, the Rural public of China; or the heading ‘‘(INCLUDING TRANSFERS OF Housing Service of the Department of Agri- (2) for which more than 25 percent of the FUNDS)’’ under the heading ‘‘AGRICULTURE culture shall submit to Congress a report in- voting stock of the company is owned by af- BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES’’ under the head- cluding— filiates that are citizens of the People’s Re- ing ‘‘AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS’’ in title (1) a description of— public of China. I shall be decreased by $6,000,000.

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AMENDMENT NO. 3585 $500,000 of the funds made available under (B) a report detailing the status of (Purpose: To set aside funds for the Alyce this heading shall be provided to the organi- issuance by the Small Business Administra- Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff Commis- zation selected under section 9(b) of that Act tion of detailed guidance for the peer review sion on Native Children) for expenditure by the United States process of the Small Business Procurement Semiquincentennial Commission in accord- Advisory Council in order to facilitate a On page 41, line 4, strike the period and in- ance with that Act.’’. more in depth review of Federal agency com- sert the following: ‘‘: Provided further, That pliance with the requirements under such of the amounts made available under this AMENDMENT NO. 3615 section 15(k). heading, $400,000 shall be made available to (Purpose: To require the Small Business Ad- the commission established by section 3(a) of ministration to conduct a study on match- AMENDMENT NO. 3645 the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff making programs for veteran entre- (Purpose: To prohibit the use of funds for the Commission on Native Children Act (Public preneurs) enforcement of certain requirements with Law 114–244; 130 Stat. 981).’’. At the appropriate place in division B, in- respect to certain roads) AMENDMENT NO. 3595 sert the following: On page 487, between lines 13 and 14, insert SEC. ll. Not later than 180 days after the (Purpose: To prohibit the use of funds to en- the following: date of enactment of this Act, the Small force certain requirements with respect to SEC. 1ll. (a) Subject to subsections (c) Business Administration shall conduct a added sugars in the rules issued by the and (d), none of the funds appropriated or study on whether the provision of match- Food and Drug Administration on nutri- otherwise made available to the Department making services that, using data collected tion labels) of Transportation by this or any other Act through outside entities such as local cham- may be obligated or expended to enforce or At the appropriate place in title VII of di- bers of commerce, link veteran entre- require the enforcement of section 127(a) of vision C, insert the following: preneurs to business leads in given industry title 23, United States Code, with respect to SEC. ll. None of the funds made available sectors or geographic regions, would enhance by this Act shall be used to enforce the re- a segment described in paragraph (1) or (2) of the existing veterans entrepreneurship pro- subsection (b) if the segment is designated as quirement in the final rule entitled ‘‘Food grams of the Administration. Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Sup- a route of the Interstate System. AMENDMENT NO. 3621 (b) The segments referred to in subsection plement Facts Labels’’, published in the Fed- (a) are the following: eral Register on May 27, 2016 (81 Fed. Reg. (Purpose: To require the Comptroller Gen- (1) The William H. Natcher Parkway (to be 33742), that any single ingredient sugar, eral of the United States to issue a report designated as a spur of Interstate Route 65) honey, agave, or syrup (including maple on the removal of lead-based paint and from Interstate Route 65 in Bowling Green, syrup) that is packaged and offered for sale other hazardous materials) Kentucky, to United States Route 60 in as a single ingredient food bear the declara- At the appropriate place in division A, in- Owensboro, Kentucky. tion ‘‘Includes ‘X’g Added Sugars’’. sert the following: SEC. ll. Within Available funds, not later (2) The Julian M. Carroll (Purchase) Park- AMENDMENT NO. 3607 than 180 days after the date of enactment of way (to be designated as Interstate Route 69) (Purpose: To require the use of Environ- this Act, the Comptroller General of the in the State of Kentucky from the Tennessee mental Protection Agency funds to imple- United States shall issue a report on efforts State line to the interchange with Interstate ment recommendations relating to clean by the Department of Housing and Urban De- Route 24, near Calvert City, Kentucky. and safe water compliance) velopment and the Environmental Protec- (c) Only a vehicle that could operate le- At the end of title II of division A, insert tion Agency relating to the removal of lead- gally on a segment described in paragraph (1) the following: based paint and other hazardous materials, or (2) of subsection (b) before the date of des- Using funds appropriated under this title, which shall include— ignation of the segment as a route of the the Administrator of the Environmental (1) a description of direct removal efforts Interstate System may continue to operate Protection Agency shall implement the rec- by the Department of Housing and Urban De- on that segment, subject to the condition ommendations described in the report of the velopment and the Environmental Protec- that, except as provided in subsection (d), Office of Inspector General of the Environ- tion Agency; the gross vehicle weight of such a vehicle mental Protection Agency entitled ‘‘Man- (2) a description of education provided by shall not exceed 120,000 pounds. agement Weakness Delayed Response to the Department of Housing and Urban Devel- (d) Nothing in this section prohibits a Flint Water Crisis’’, numbered 18-P-0221, and opment and the Environmental Protection State from issuing a permit for a nondivis- dated July 19, 2018, to ensure clean and safe Agency to other Federal agencies, local gov- ible load or vehicle with a gross vehicle water compliance under the Safe Drinking ernments and communities, recipients of weight that exceeds 120,000 pounds. Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.). If the Ad- grants made by either entity, and the gen- AMENDMENT NO. 3646 ministrator of the Environmental Protection eral public relating to the removal of lead- (Purpose: To provide funding to the Sec- Agency does not implement 1 or more rec- based paint and other hazardous materials; retary of Agriculture to conduct an inven- ommendations required by the preceding (3) a description of assistance received tory and evaluation of certain land for in- sentence, the Administrator shall submit to from other Federal agencies relating to the clusion in the National Wilderness Presen- the Committees on Appropriations and Envi- removal of lead-based paint and other haz- tation System) ronment and Public Works of the Senate and ardous materials; and At the appropriate place in division A, in- the Committees on Appropriations and En- (4) any best practices developed or pro- sert the following: ergy and Commerce of the House of Rep- vided by the Department of Housing and SEC. lll. (a) Within available funds for resentatives a report explaining why the Ad- Urban Development and the Environmental the National Forest System, the Secretary ministrator did not implement the rec- Protection Agency relating to the removal of of Agriculture shall conduct an inventory ommendation and identifying specific ac- lead-based paint and other hazardous mate- and evaluation of certain land, as generally tions the Administrator is implementing to rials. depicted on the map entitled ‘‘Flatside Wil- address the concerns raised in the report. AMENDMENT NO. 3633 derness Adjacent Inventory Areas’’ and AMENDMENT NO. 3608 (Purpose: To require a report on Federal dated November 30, 2017, to determine the (Purpose: To prohibit the use of funds to im- agency compliance with respect to estab- suitability of that land for inclusion in the plement certain new policies of the Federal lishing an Office of Small and Disadvan- National Wilderness Preservation System. Transit Administration relating to the taged Business Utilization) (b) The Chief of the Forest Service shall Capital Investment Grant program) At the appropriate place, insert the fol- submit to the Committees on Agriculture, On page 472, between lines 6 and 7, insert lowing: Nutrition, and Forestry, Appropriations, and the following: SEC. ll. The Administrator of the Small Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate SEC. 163. None of the funds made available Business Administration shall— the results of the inventory and evaluation under this Act may be used for the imple- (1) work with Federal agencies to review required under subsection (a). each Office of Small and Disadvantaged mentation or furtherance of new policies de- AMENDMENT NO. 3650 Business Utilization’s efforts to comply with tailed in the ‘‘Dear Colleague’’ letter distrib- (Purpose: To provide for the conduct of a uted by the Federal Transit Administration the requirements under section 15(k) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 644(k)); and study to identify underlying contributing to capital investment grant program project factors for pediatric cancer that are unique sponsors on June 29, 2018. (2) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, submit to the Com- to certain States and to provide assistance AMENDMENT NO. 3613 mittee on Small Business and Entrepreneur- to support States with a high incidence of (Purpose: To set aside funds for the United ship and the Committee on Appropriations of such cancer) States Semiquincentennial Commission) the Senate and the Committee on Small At the appropriate place in Division A, in- On page 16, line 18, strike the period and Business and the Committee on Appropria- sert the following: insert the following: ‘‘: Provided further, That tions of the House of Representatives— SEC. ll. ADDRESSING PEDIATRIC CANCER notwithstanding section 9(a) of the United (A) a report on Federal agency compliance RATES IN THE UNITED STATES. States Semiquincentennial Commission Act with the requirements under such section (a) REPORT IDENTIFYING GEOGRAPHIC VARI- of 2016 (Public Law 114–196; 130 Stat. 691), 15(k); and ATION OF TYPES OF PEDIATRIC CANCER.—Using

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.057 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 funds appropriated under the heading ‘‘Toxic any reference in a law, map regulation, docu- priations Act, 2012 (Public Law 112–55; 125 Substances and Environmental Health’’ for ment, paper, or other record of the United Stat. 641), shall remain available for expendi- the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease States to the rest area shall be deemed to be ture through fiscal year 2019 for the liquida- Registry, the Secretary of Health and a reference to the ‘Peter B. Webster III Me- tion of valid obligations of active grants in- Human Services, not later than 180 days morial Area’; Provided further, That the Sec- curred in fiscal year 2012: Provided further, after the date of enactment of this Act, shall retary of the Interior shall accept and ex- That such sums provided for national infra- submit to the Committee on Health, Edu- pend private contributions for the design, structure investments for port infrastruc- cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate, procurement, preparation, and installation ture projects under title VIII of division F of the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen- of a plaque honoring Peter B. Webster III on the Consolidated and Further Continuing ate, the Committee on Energy and Com- the condition that the Director of the Na- Appropriations Act, 2013 (Public Law 113–6; merce of the House of Representatives, and tional Park Service shall approve the design 127 Stat. 432) shall remain available through the Committee on Appropriations of the and placement of the plaque.’’. fiscal year 2020 for the liquidation of valid obligations of active grants incurred in fiscal House of Representatives, a report that pro- AMENDMENT NO. 3665 vides details on the geographic variation in year 2013: Provided further, That the 2 pre- (Purpose: To ensure continued passenger rail pediatric cancer incidence in the United ceding provisos shall be applied as if they operations on long-distance routes) States, including— were in effect on September 30, 2018: Provided (1) the types of pediatric cancer within On page 464, line 24, strike ‘‘regulation.’’ further, That after calculating the distribu- each of the 10 States with the highest age- and insert the following: ‘‘regulation: Pro- tion of obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways for fiscal year 2019 under section adjusted incidence rate of cancer among per- vided further, That not less than $50,000,000 of 120(a), the obligation limitation shall be re- sons aged 20 years or younger; the amount provided under this heading duced by $52,000,000 to a total of (2) geographic concentrations of types and shall be for capital expenses related to safety $45,216,596,000: Provided further, That the re- prevalence of pediatric cancers within each improvements, maintenance, and the non- duction in the preceding proviso shall be ap- such State, in accordance with Centers for Federal match for discretionary Federal plied to the obligation limitation determined Disease Control and Prevention guidelines; grant programs to enable continued pas- under section 120(a)(4) for the TIFIA program and senger rail operations on long-distance (as defined in section 601(a) of title 23, United (3) an update on current activities related routes (as defined in section 24102 of title 49, States Code)’’. to pediatric cancer, including with respect to United States Code) on which Amtrak is the carrying out section 399V–6 of the Public sole tenant of the host railroad and positive AMENDMENT NO. 3668 Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 280g–17). train control systems are not required by (Purpose: To increase the amount set aside (b) SUPPORT FOR STATES WITH HIGH INCI- law (including regulations): Provided further, for the breastfeeding peer counselors pro- DENCE OF PEDIATRIC CANCER.—Using funds That none of the funds provided under this gram) appropriated under the heading ‘‘Toxic Sub- heading shall be used by Amtrak to give no- On page 360, line 13, strike ‘‘$60,000,000’’ and stances and Environmental Public Health’’ tice under subsection (a) or (b) of section insert ‘‘$67,500,000’’. for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis- 24706 of title 49, United States Code, with re- AMENDMENT NO. 3669 ease Registry, the Secretary of Health and spect to long-distance routes (as defined in (Purpose: To prohibit the use of funds to Human Services may conduct public out- section 24102 of title 49, United States Code) carry out requirements relating to elec- reach, in collaboration with State depart- on which Amtrak is the sole tenant of the tronic logging devices) host railroad and positive train control sys- ments of health, particularly in the 10 States At the appropriate place in title I of divi- with the highest age-adjusted incidence rate tems are not required by law (including regu- lations), or otherwise initiate discontinu- sion D, insert the following: of cancer among persons aged 20 years or SEC. 1ll. None of the funds appropriated ance of, reduce the frequency of, suspend, or younger, to improve awareness by residents, or otherwise made available to the Depart- substantially alter the schedule or route of clinicians, and others, as appropriate, of pos- ment of Transportation may be obligated or sible contributing factors to pediatric can- rail service on any portion of such route op- expended to implement, administer, or en- cer, including environmental exposures, in a erated in fiscal year 2018, including imple- force the requirements of section 31137 of manner that is complementary of, and does mentation of service permitted by section title 49, United States Code, or any regula- not conflict with, ongoing pediatric cancer- 24305(a)(3)(A) of title 49, United States Code, tion issued by the Secretary pursuant to related activities supported by the Depart- in lieu of rail service.’’. such section, with respect to the use of elec- ment of Health and Human Services. AMENDMENT NO. 3666 tronic logging devices by operators of com- (c) PRIVACY.—The Secretary of Health and (Purpose: To extend by 1 year the deadline mercial motor vehicles, as defined in section Human Services shall ensure that all infor- for expenditure for transportation projects 31132(1) of such title, transporting livestock, mation with respect to patients that is con- awarded funding from the Transportation as defined in section 602 of the Emergency tained in the reports under this section is de- Investment Generating Economic Recov- Livestock Feed Assistance Act of 1988 (7 identified and protects personal privacy of ery (TIGER) 2012 and 2013 discretionary U.S.C. 1471) or insects. such patients in accordance with applicable grant programs of the Department of AMENDMENT NO. 3670, AS MODIFIED Federal and State privacy law. Transportation) (Purpose: To prohibit funds made available AMENDMENT NO. 3651 On page 414, line 24, strike ‘‘determines’’ to the Federal Transit Administration (Purpose: To require a study on the financial and insert the following: ‘‘determines: Pro- from being used for the procurement of impact of the mineral pyrrhotite in con- vided further, That funds provided for na- rolling stock from manufacturers sup- crete home foundations) tional infrastructure investments for pas- ported by certain foreign governments) At the appropriate place in division B, in- senger rail transportation projects under At the appropriate place in title I of divi- sert the following: title I of division C of the Consolidated and sion D, insert the following: SEC. lll. The Comptroller General of the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012 SEC. ll. (a) None of the funds appro- United States, in consultation with relevant (Public Law 112–55; 125 Stat. 641), may be ex- priated or otherwise made available to the regulators, shall conduct a study that— pended until September 30, 2019: Provided fur- Federal Transit Administration under this (1) examines the financial impact of the ther, That funds provided for national infra- title to carry out sections 5307, 5311, 5337, and mineral pyrrhotite in concrete home founda- structure investment for port infrastructure 5339 of title 49, United States Code, may be tions; and projects under title VIII of division F of the used in awarding a contract or subcontract (2) provides recommendations on regu- Consolidated and Further Continuing Appro- to an entity on or after the date of enact- latory and legislative actions needed to help priations Act, 2013 (Public Law 113–6; 127 ment of this Act for the procurement of roll- mitigate the financial impact described in Stat. 432) shall be available until September ing stock for use in public transportation if paragraph (1) on banks, mortgage lenders, 30, 2020: Provided further, That of the unobli- the manufacturer of the rolling stock is in- tax revenues, and homeowners. gated balances of contract authority for the corporated in or has manufacturing facilities in the United States and receives support AMENDMENT NO. 3661 TIFIA program (as defined in section 601(a) of title 23, United States Code), $13,000,000 from the government of a country that— (Purpose: To designate a rest area on the shall be permanently rescinded, and the as- (1) is identified as a nonmarket economy Mount Vernon Trail as the ‘‘Peter B. Web- sociated obligation limitation shall be re- country (as defined in section 771(18) of the ster III Memorial Area’’) duced by an equal amount.’’. Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of On page 41, line 4, strike the period at the the date of enactment of this Act; AMENDMENT NO. 3684 end and insert the following: ‘‘: Provided fur- (2) was identified by the United States ther, That within available amounts provided (Purpose: To improve the amendment) Trade Representative in the most recent re- under this heading, the Secretary of the In- On page 1, line 2, strike ‘‘That’’ and all port required by section 182 of the Trade Act terior shall designate the rest area bound by that follows through ‘‘amount’’ on page 2, of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a priority foreign Alexandria Avenue, West Boulevard Drive, line 9, and insert the following: ‘‘That such country under subsection (a)(2) of that sec- and the George Washington Memorial Park- sums provided for national infrastructure in- tion; and way on the Mount Vernon Trail within the vestments for passenger rail transportation (3) is subject to monitoring by the Trade George Washington Memorial Parkway as projects under title I of division C of the Representative under section 306 of the the ‘Peter B. Webster III Memorial Area’ and Consolidated and Further Continuing Appro- Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416).

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:53 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.067 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5503 (b) This section shall be applied in a man- ing the needs of newly funded tribal deten- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ner consistent with the obligations of the tion facilities, $2,000,000, to remain available objection, it is so ordered. United States under international agree- until September 30, 2020. The amendment (No. 3585) previously (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of ments. agreed to is modified, as follows: (c)(1) This section shall not apply to the this Act, the total amount appropriated award of a contract or subcontract made by under the heading ‘‘Working Capital Fund’’ At the appropriate place insert the fol- a public transportation agency with a rail for the Department of the Interior is hereby lowing: ‘‘: Provided further, That of the rolling stock manufacturer described in sub- reduced by $2,000,000. amounts made available under this heading, section (a) if the manufacturer ‘‘produces’’ AMENDMENT NO. 3677 $400,000 shall be made available to the com- mission established by section 3(a) of the rail rolling stock for an eligible public trans- (Purpose: To require the National Railroad Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff portation agency through a contract exe- Passenger Corporation to grant a discount Commission on Native Children Act (Public cuted prior to the date of enactment of this to members of the public benefit corpora- Law 114–244; 130 Stat. 981).’’. Act. tion Veterans Advantage) (2) A rail rolling stock manufacturer de- On page 464, line 4, strike the period at the f scribed in subsection (a) may not use funds end and insert ‘‘: Provided further, That of provided under a contract or subcontract de- AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION the amounts made available under this head- ACT OF 2018 scribed in paragraph (1) to expand the manu- ing and the heading ‘National Network facturer’s production of rail rolling stock Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask within the United States to an ‘‘amount of Corporation’, not more than $500,000 may be unanimous consent that notwith- rolling stock vehicles or railcars’’ that is made available to provide a discount of not standing rule XXII, the Chair lay be- greater than the amount required under con- less than 15 percent on passenger fares to tractual obligations of the manufacturer as fore the Senate the message to accom- veterans (as defined in section 101 of title 38, pany H.R. 2. of the date of enactment of this ‘‘Act includ- United States Code).’’. ing all options per for additional rolling There being no objection, the Pre- stock.’’ AMENDMENT NO. 3679 siding Officer laid before the Senate (d) Nothing in this section shall be con- (Purpose: To provide that up to $6,000,000 be the following message from the House used for UAS integration activities) strued to apply to funds that are not appro- of Representatives: priated or otherwise made available to the On page 424, line 12, strike the period and Federal Transit Administration under this insert ‘‘Provided further, That of the amount Resolved, That the House disagree to the title. appropriated under this heading, up to amendment of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 2) entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the reform AMENDMENT NO. 3671 $6,000,000 shall be used for providing match- ing funds to qualified commercial entities and continuation of agricultural and other (Purpose: To prohibit funds from being used seeking to demonstrate or validate tech- programs of the Department of Agriculture to provide housing assistance benefits to nologies that the Federal Aviation Adminis- through fiscal year 2023, and for other pur- individuals convicted of certain criminal tration considers essential to the safe inte- poses.’’, and ask a conference with the Sen- offenses) gration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) ate on the disagreeing votes of the two At the appropriate place in title II of divi- in the National Airspace System at Federal Houses thereon. sion D, insert the following: Aviation Administration designated UAS COMPOUND MOTION SEC. lll. None of the funds made avail- test sites: Provided further, That not later Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I move able under this Act may be used to provide than 60 days after the date of enactment of housing assistance benefits for an individual that the Senate insist on its amend- this Act, the Administrator of the Federal ment, agree to the request of the House who is convicted of— Aviation Administration shall identify es- (1) aggravated sexual abuse under section sential integration technologies that could for a conference, and authorize the 2241 of title 18, United States Code; be demonstrated or validated at test sites Chair to appoint conferees on the part (2) murder under section 1111 of title 18, designated in accordance with the preceding of the Senate at a ratio of 5 to 4. United States Code; or proviso.’’. I know of no debate on the motion. (3) any other Federal or State offense in- Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I now The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there volving— further debate? (A) severe forms of trafficking in persons ask unanimous consent that notwith- or sex trafficking, as those terms are defined standing rule XXII, the cloture motion If not, the question is on agreeing to in paragraphs (9) and (10), respectively, of on H.R. 6147 be withdrawn. I further the motion. section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Pro- ask that the only remaining amend- The motion was agreed to. tection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102); or ments in order be the following: Leahy f (B) child pornography, as defined in section No. 3464, Lee No. 3522, Baldwin No. 3524, MORNING BUSINESS 2256 of title 18, United States Code. and Cruz No. 3402; further, that at 11 AMENDMENT NO. 3675 a.m. on Wednesday, August 1, all Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask (Purpose: To provide for rural health and postcloture time be yielded back and unanimous consent that the Senate safety education programs to address and the Senate vote in relation to the proceed to a period of morning busi- combat the opioid abuse epidemic) amendments in the order listed; that ness, with Senators permitted to speak At the appropriate place in title III of divi- the Leahy, Lee, and Baldwin amend- therein for up to 10 minutes each. sion C, insert the following: ments be subject to a 60-affirmative The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without RURAL HEALTH AND SAFETY EDUCATION vote threshold; and that following the objection, it is so ordered. PROGRAMS disposition of the Cruz amendment, the The Senator from Vermont. Any funds provided by this Act for rural Murkowski amendment No. 3400 be f health and safety education programs au- thorized under section 502(i) of the Rural De- withdrawn, the substitute amendment APPROPRIATIONS LEGISLATION No. 3399, as amended, be agreed to, and velopment Act of 1972 (7 U.S.C. 2662(i)) may Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I would be used under those programs to address the the bill be read a third time and the opioid abuse epidemic and to combat opioid Senate vote on passage of H.R. 6147, as again note that Senator SHELBY and I abuse in rural communities. amended. I also ask unanimous consent have been working very hard on this AMENDMENT NO. 3676 that there be 2 minutes of debate prior appropriations bill, but so have a whole (Purpose: To provide an additional $2,000,000 to each vote in this series. lot of other Senators, my colleague for hiring staff for tribal detention facili- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there from Kansas being one of them. ties by reducing the amounts made avail- objection? Both Republicans and Democrats able through the Working Capital Fund of The Senator from Vermont. want to bring the Senate back to the the Department of the Interior) Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have no way it should be, where we work things At the appropriate place in title I of divi- objection. out between both parties. It means sion A, insert the following: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without that everybody has to give something, SEC. llll. (a) There are appropriated objection, it is so ordered. and not everybody wins everything, under the heading ‘‘Operation of Indian Pro- AMENDMENT NO. 3585, AS MODIFIED but the country does very well. That is grams’’ under the heading ‘‘Bureau of Indian Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask what we are trying to do on the appro- Affairs and Bureau of Indian Education’’, in addition to any other amounts made avail- unanimous consent that the Mur- priations bill. I think we can wrap able under such heading and in order to pro- kowski amendment No. 3585 be modi- these up, and I would hope that the vide additional funding for hiring staff for fied with the changes that are at the other body, when they get back from tribal detention facilities, including address- desk. their vacation, will be able to work

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.075 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 with us to get them finalized and to ways put me down. And said, I wouldn’t Major Defense Equipment (MDE): the President. amount to anything. And now they Up to forty-six (46) Standard Missile, SM– I must point out that it has taken say, he does amount to something. He’s 2 Block IIIA Vertical Launching Tactical the courage of a lot of Senators, both special.’’ That is what makes the Spe- All-Up Rounds, RIM–066M–03–BK IIIA (VLS). Republicans and Democrats, to work Up to two (2) Standard Missile, SM–2 Block cial Olympics so special. IIIA Telemetry, Omni-Directional Antenna, together to get this done. As the dean Congratulations to the Special Olym- Warhead Enabled, RIM 066M–03–BK IIIA of the Senate—the longest serving one pics for 50 years of making athletes (VLS). here—I applaud them very, very much. like Frank understand that hearts beat Up to two (2) Standard Missile, SM–2 Block I yield the floor. the same. IIIA Telemetry, Omni-Directional Antenna, f f Warhead Dud Capable, RIM 066M–03–BK IIIA (VLS). 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST VOTE EXPLANATION Non-MDE: Also included are MK 13 MOD 0 SPECIAL OLYMPICS GAMES Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I was Vertical Launching System Canisters, oper- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, today I necessarily absent for the July 30, 2018, ator manuals and technical documentation, want to say a few words about a special U.S. Government and contractor engineer- vote on Executive Calendar No. 1006, ing, technical, and logistics support services, anniversary. Earlier this month, we the motion to invoke cloture, on Britt and other related elements of logistics and celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Grant, of Georgia, to be U.S. circuit program support. very first Special Olympic Games, judge for the Eleventh Circuit. I would (iv) Military Department: Navy (DE–P– which took place at Soldier Field in have voted no. AED). Chicago, IL. f (v) Prior Related Cases. if any: None. The Special Olympics didn’t just give (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Of- people a chance to compete; it gave ARMS SALES NOTIFICATION fered, or Agreed to be Paid: None. them a chance to come out of the shad- Mr. CORKER. Mr. President, section (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained ows. It is hard to imagine, but before 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex. the Special Olympics, people with in- requires that Congress receive prior no- (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: tellectual disabilities were offered lit- tification of certain proposed arms July 31, 2018. tle education and oftentimes were left sales as defined by that statute. Upon *As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms in isolation and despair. Thankfully, such notification, the Congress has 30 Export Control Act. Eunice Shriver shared the compassion calendar days during which the sale POLICY JUSTIFICATION and vision to create these games, but I may be reviewed. The provision stipu- Denmark—SM–2 Block IIIA Standard want to talk about someone whose role lates that, in the Senate, the notifica- Missiles tion of proposed sales shall be sent to in the games creation is often over- The Government of Denmark has requested looked: Illinois Supreme Court justice the chairman of the Senate Foreign to buy up to forty-six (46) Standard Missile, and my friend, Anne Burke. Relations Committee. SM–2 Block IIIA Vertical Launching Tac- Before becoming a justice on Illinois’ In keeping with the committee’s in- tical All-Up Rounds, RIM 066M–03–BK IIIA Supreme Court, Anne was a physical tention to see that relevant informa- (VLS); up to two (2) Standard Missile, SM–2 education teacher. She had an idea to tion is available to the full Senate, I Block IIIA Telemetry, Omni-Directional, create a summer jamboree where kids ask unanimous consent to have printed All-Up Rounds, RIM–066M–03–BK IIIA (VLS); with special needs could compete in an in the RECORD the notifications which and up to two (2) Standard Missile, SM–2 athletic competition at Soldier Field, have been received. If the cover letter Block IIIA Telemetry, Omni-Directional An- tenna, Warhead Dud Capable, RIM 066M–03– just like other children who attended references a classified annex, then such BK IIIA (VLS). Also included are MK 13 MOD day camps across the State of Illinois. annex is available to all Senators in 0 Vertical Launching System Canisters, op- So Anne took that idea to Washington, the office of the Foreign Relations erator manuals and technical documenta- DC, and Eunice Shriver. What did Eu- Committee, room SD–423. tion, U.S. Government and contractor engi- nice Shriver say to Anne’s proposal? There being no objection, the mate- neering, technical, and logistics support Unacceptable. It was simply too small. rial was ordered to be printed in the services, and other related elements of logis- Eunice decided it needed to be bigger. RECORD, as follows: tics and program support. The total esti- With Eunice’s help, Anne returned mated program cost is $152 million. DEFENSE SECURITY This proposed sale will support the foreign home to Chicago, rewrote the proposal, COOPERATION AGENCY, policy and national security of the United and made it a national Olympic pro- Arlington, VA. States by helping to improve the security of gram. Eunice joined Anne in Chicago Hon. BOB CORKER, a NATO ally that is an important force for on July 20, 1968, and they celebrated Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, political stability and economic progress in the first Special Olympic Games. U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. the European region. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Pursuant to the re- This proposed sale would support Den- During those first games in 1968, porting requirements of Section 36(b) (1) of mark’s anti-air warfare capabilities for the Mayor Richard Daley told Eunice: the Arms Export Control Act, as amended, Royal Danish Navy’s IVER HUITFELDT ‘‘The world will never be the same we are forwarding herewith Transmittal No. Frigate Class ships. The SM–2 Block IIIA 18–30, concerning the Navy’s proposed Let- after this.’’ Eunice Shriver and Anne missiles, combined with the Anti-Air War- ter(s) of Offer and Acceptance to the King- Burke knew it. Eunice boldly predicted fare System (AAWS) combat system, will dom of Denmark for defense articles and that 1 million of the world’s intellectu- provide significantly enhanced area defense services estimated to cost $152 million. After ally challenged would someday com- capabilities over critical Northern Europe this letter is delivered to your office, we plan pete in these games. Well, she was air-and-sea-lines of communication. Den- to issue a news release to notify the public of mark will have no difficulty absorbing this wrong. Today, more than 5 million ath- this proposed sale. equipment and support into its armed forces. letes train year-round in all 50 States Sincerely, The proposed sale of these systems and and 172 countries. CHARLES W. HOOPER, equipment will not alter the basic military Here are just a couple examples of Lieutenant General, USA, Director. balance in the region. Enclosures. how the world changed after that sum- The principal contractor will be Raytheon mer day in Chicago. In 2003, after the TRANSMITTAL NO. 18–30 Cooperation in Tucson, Arizona; Raytheon games were held in Dublin, Ireland re- Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Company, Camden, Arkansas; and BAE of wrote its antidiscrimination laws. Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Minneapolis, Minnesota and Aberdeen, South Across the Middle East, people who Arms Export Control Act, as amended Dakota. There are no known offset agree- were once forced into the shadows now (i) Prospective Purchaser: Kingdom of Den- ments proposed in connection with this po- play soccer in the light of day. That is mark. tential sale. the legacy of the Special Olympics: in- (ii) Total Estimated Value: Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional clusion. Major Defense Equipment*—$130 million. Other—$22 million. U.S. Government or contractor representa- I will close with one more story from Total—$152 million. tives to Denmark. those first games at Soldier Field. (iii) Description and Quantity or Quan- There will be no adverse impact on U.S. de- After one athlete, Frank Olivo, fin- tities of Articles or Services under Consider- fense readiness as a result of this proposed ished competing, he said: ‘‘People al- ation for Purchase: sale.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G31JY6.068 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5505 TRANSMITTAL NO. 18–30 towns in this region are often home to I would like to reiterate the findings Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of older buildings that are situated on of the 1966 Presidential Task Force on Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the soft soil and vulnerable to earthquake Federal Flood Control Policy: ‘‘A flood Arms Export Control Act activity. This means that even small insurance program is a tool that should Annex No. vii earthquakes can be felt by local resi- be used expertly or not at all. Cor- (vii) Sensitivity of Technology: dents and can be misinterpreted an- rectly applied it could promote wise 1. A completely assembled Standard Mis- other disaster or even as a terrorist use of flood plains. Incorrectly applied, sile–2 (SM–2) Block IIIA with or without a event if accurate and timely informa- it could exacerbate the whole problem conventional warhead, whether a tactical, tion is not readily made available. of flood losses. For the Federal Govern- telemetry, or inert (training) configuration, While we cannot yet identify the ac- is classified CONFIDENTIAL. Missile compo- ment to subsidize low premium dis- nent hardware includes: Guidance Section tive faults in the Northeast, earth- aster insurance or provide insurance in (classified CONFIDENTIAL), Target Detec- quake data and research are pointing which premiums are not proportionate tion Device (classified CONFIDENTIAL), us toward those localities where we to risk would be to invite economic Warhead (UNCLASSIFIED), Dual Thrust need to look for active faults. Once waste of great magnitude’’ Rocket Motor (UNCLASSIFIED), Steering these faults are found, they can be In less than a year, we have extended Control Section (UNCLASSIFIED), Safe and studied to better define the prob- the program seven times, most at- Arming Device (UNCLASSIFIED), Autopilot abilities of future potentially dam- tached to must-pass bills, without any Battery Unit (classified CONFIDENTIAL), aging earthquakes in the Northeast and if telemetry missiles, AN/DKT–71 Tele- needed reforms. The program is over and New England region. Important ad- meters (UNCLASSIFIED). $20 billion in debt, even though we for- vancements in understanding earth- 2. SM–2 operator and maintenance docu- gave $16 billion of that debt just last quake hazards and in promoting earth- mentation is usually classified CONFIDEN- year. With our Federal debt now above TIAL. Shipboard operation/firing guidance is quake risk reduction activities are re- $21 trillion, we need to address the sol- generally classified CONFIDENTIAL. Pre- alized because of the efforts of local vency of the NFIP as soon as possible. firing missile assembly/pedigree information seismic experts at places like Weston is UNCLASSIFIED. Observatory in my home State of Mas- We can begin doing that by bringing 3. If a technologically advanced adversary sachusetts. These external partners some meaningful reform to the pro- were to obtain knowledge of the hardware gram, including moving towards more and software elements, the information play critical roles in delivering accu- could be used to develop countermeasures or rate earthquake assessments and warn- risk-based premiums. More impor- equivalent systems which might reduce sys- ings to State and local emergency tantly, interest from the private flood tem effectiveness or be used in the develop- management agencies and the general insurance market is growing. Their in- ment of a system with similar or advanced public. volvement means more flexible flood capabilities. I look forward to working with USGS policies, integrated coverage with 4. A determination has been made that to identify ways to expand funding for other insurance policies, and lower- Denmark can provide substantially the same research at ANSS partner facilities cost coverage for some customers. In- degree of protection for the sensitive tech- that will improve their ability to de- creasing private insurance’s participa- nology being released as the U.S. Govern- ment. This sale is necessary in furtherance liver accurate earthquake assessments tion in flood insurance markets would of the U.S. foreign policy and national secu- and products to their local populations reduce the financial risk obligations of rity objectives outlined in the Policy Jus- across the United States, including the this program for the Federal Govern- tification. Northeast. As recently as 2011, a North- ment. I hope Congress will further clar- 5. All defense articles and services listed in east region stakeholder plan for ANSS ify private insurers’ role in the flood this transmittal have been authorized for re- called for improved delivery of seismic insurance market. As it stands, the lease and export to Denmark. information to users in the region; an NFIP cannot stand on its own feet, and f improved understanding of earthquake it requires significant reforms to put it INTERIOR, ENVIRONMENT BILL hazards in the Northeast; improved on sound financial footing. I urge my APPROPRIATIONS education and outreach on earthquakes colleagues to find bipartisan, sustain- and earthquake safety; and a multi- able reforms to this program. We must Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I wish hazard approach to earthquake moni- stop kicking the can down the road on to discuss H.R. 6147, which includes the toring in this region. The stakeholders the necessary reforms needed to make Fiscal Year 2019 Interior and Related also called for funding support to local this an effective program. Agencies Appropriations bill. This bill earthquake monitoring centers in the Mr. CRAPO. Mr. President, I agree provides critical funding for the U.S. Northeast for these activities. Dam- Geological Survey, USGS, and the Ad- with my colleague that homeowners af- aging earthquakes are rare, but they fected by flood disasters would benefit vanced National Seismic System, have happened in the past, and the evi- ANSS. from greater certainty through a dence is overwhelming that they can longer-term reauthorization. I would In recent years, USGS funding for ex- happen again at some point in the fu- ternal grants for local earthquake agree that meaningful reform is nec- ture. essary to sustain the National Flood monitoring and research has become In order to be fully prepared, I urge highly competitive and does not always Insurance Program, NFIP. As chair- the USGS to begin now to reinvest in man of the Senate Banking Com- reach areas of need. In a solicitation local seismic monitoring programs and from May 2017, for example, USGS only mittee, it is my goal to bring bipar- ANSS partner facilities in the North- tisan reform to the program. Our Na- funded approximately 15 percent of the east and in New England in particular. grant proposals that were submitted to tion has seen some devastating disas- Thank you. ters involving floods and related nat- the agency for funding in this area. f I am particularly concerned by ural disasters, especially in the last USGS’s reduction of funding and utili- NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE two decades. With those disasters, the zation of local earthquake monitoring PROGRAM NFIP has amassed significant debt to programs and ANSS partner facilities Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I wish to the US Treasury. The underlying pro- in areas of moderate earthquake risk, speak on recent legislation extending gram is not structurally sound and too particularly in the northeast region of the National Flood Insurance Program few people are protected from flood the United States. on a short-term basis. risk. Comprehensive reforms to the It is true that most earthquakes tend The National Flood Insurance Pro- program are important to improve the to occur in zones where past earth- gram, NFIP, was created in 1968 in re- program’s fiscal condition, ensure more quakes have taken place. However, sponse to the lack of flood insurance homeowners are covered against the each year, there are earthquakes that available at the time. The program’s risk of loss from flooding, and enable take place at unexpected locations, in- intent was to encourage folks to pro- the program to better serve current cluding in my home State of Massachu- tect their homes and communities to policyholders. setts. The Northeast is a region of high adopt sound floodplain management I agree with Senator ENZI. There is population density, and the cities and standards. still work to be done to make the NFIP

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.094 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 more sustainable. Any long-term reau- nation of the 3D gun design instruc- While we are currently experiencing thorization must include important bi- tions. the best economy in 18 years, there are partisan reforms. While short-term ex- I am also pleased to support Senator still 6.6 million unfilled jobs, many of tensions are not ideal, short-term ex- BLUMENTHAL’s bill, the Untraceable these jobs offer high wages, but require tensions afford Congress needed time Firearms Act, which closes legal loop- workers to have specific or a high-level to address numerous concerns. holes that allow individuals to build set of skills. In order to have a produc- Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I want to their own untraceable firearms using tive workforce and sustain a strong thank my colleague and his committee ‘‘gun-making kits.’’ economy, we need to ensure today’s for their efforts to address these con- Guns made from these kits are workers and future workers have an cerns. I am hopeful reform is just known as ghost guns because the guns opportunity to learn these needed around the corner, and I encourage my do not have serial numbers or any skills. colleagues to continue to support re- other traceable features. Our bill is an important step in help- form of the National Flood Insurance In other words, ghost guns—like 3D ing States and local communities do Program. guns—are dangerous because any per- that. son, even those prohibited under Fed- f First, as States are designing their eral law from possessing guns, can just State career and technical education— 3D PRINTED GUN SAFETY ACT make a gun at home. CTE—plans, they will need to consult AND THE UNTRACEABLE FIRE- This is already happening. with a variety of education and work- ARMS ACT For example, last November, a 44- force stakeholders. This means, for the Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I year-old man named Kevin Janson Neal first time, employers and business rise today in strong support of the 3D killed five people and injured eight leaders will work with the State on de- Gun Safety Act and the Untraceable others with a ghost gun in Tehama signing education programs that focus Firearms Act. I applaud my colleagues, County, CA. on preparing students for in-demand Senators NELSON, BLUMENTHAL, and Neal made the ghost gun at home be- and emerging jobs. MARKEY, for their work on these bills. cause he himself could not legally pur- Second, local school districts are re- Days ago, the Centers for Disease chase a gun after being ordered to re- quired to conduct an evaluation of Control and Prevention announced a linquish all guns under court order their current programs and how those 31-percent increase in homicides in- months before. programs align with in-demand indus- volving guns between 2014 and 2016. Tragically, with his ghost gun in try sectors or occupations. In order to In 2016 alone, there were 14,415 gun hand, Neal shot his wife, his neighbors, accomplish this, school districts will homicides in America. and then went to a nearby elementary work with local community and busi- I have asked over and over, what is it school. ness leaders to determine what those He crashed through the elementary going to take? When are we, as a na- sectors and occupations are, if they are school gates with a truck, got out, and tion, going to act and do something to not fully aware of them already. The started firing in the center of the save lives that are needlessly lost year bill also makes a significant change to school’s quad and at nearby windows after year? the way funds flow to States. Current and walls. Yet, instead of working to enact Neal fired approximately 100 rounds law sends funds to States based on the commonsense, gun safety measures to at the school, injuring seven children. population in the State but dictates keep families, schools, and children He did all of this with his homemade States cannot receive less than what safe, the Trump administration took a AR–15 military-style rifle. they received in 1998. Our bill updates reckless and dangerous step that puts We must act in the face of the real this formula as populations have dra- all of us in danger. threat of untraceable ghost guns and matically shifted with some States see- The Trump administration has now 3D-printed firearms. ing significant growth over the past 20 allowed a private company to publish Our communities are at risk, and as years. step-by-step instructions on how to lawmakers it is our solemn duty to act Another area that was improved was manufacture assault weapons and and protect our communities. So I urge better aligning with other workforce other guns using a 3D printer. my colleagues to join me in supporting initiatives. This bill would align CTE These instructions are going to be these bills. program plans with State Workforce available on the internet, for anyone to Innovation and Opportunity Act plans f use and follow, starting tomorrow. so that States that want to submit a Think about that. STRENGTHENING CAREER AND combined plan may do so. The Work- The Trump administration is giving TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR THE force Innovation and Opportunity Act away free instructions on how to man- 21ST CENTURY ACT is a Federal workforce development ufacture weapons of war to anyone Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, on law that provides training to adults al- with a 3D printer, which can be bought Monday of last week, the Senate passed ready in or seeking employment. online for less than $1,000. H.R. 2353, the Strengthening Career In their CTE plans, States must de- These people could be dangerous and Technical Education for the 21st termine levels of performance for sev- criminals, terrorists, children, or those Century Act, with a Senate amend- eral indicators of performance, which who suffer from mental illness. ment. On Wednesday, the House of Rep- are outlined in the bill. The indicators I think this is absolutely unconscion- resentatives followed suit. This meas- at the secondary level include gradua- able. ure reauthorizes the Carl D. Perkins tion rate, achievement of academic We should be working on ways to Career and Technical Education Act, standards as defined in the Every Stu- stop gun violence and keep our commu- which was last reauthorized in 2006. dent Succeeds Act, ensuring academic nities safe, not expand the prolifera- President Trump signed this impor- rigor in programs, and accounting for tion of these dangerous weapons. tant bill into law today at a ceremony students who enter postsecondary edu- Several of us have written to the Jus- at the White House that I was fortu- cation, the military, national service, tice Department and the State Depart- nate enough to have been invited to at- or are employed, to name a few. There ment asking them to reverse this deci- tend. are additional and similar indicators sion. The bill modernizes our career and for postsecondary education. We have also introduced legislation technical education programs in our The State determined levels of per- today. The 3D Gun Safety Act, intro- Nation’s high schools, and community formance for these indicators must be duced by Senator NELSON, would pre- colleges, technical colleges, and other expressed as a percentage of students vent anyone from intentionally pub- institutions of higher education to pro- and demonstrate that the State is lishing 3D gun designs. vide the skills needed to support State striving to improve year after year. In addition, multiple state attorneys and local employer’s workforce needs. States must determine the level for general have now sued the Trump ad- The bill is also designed to align with each indicator for the group of all CTE ministration and the purveyor of the other Federal education and workforce concentrators, which are the group of 3D gun designs to prevent the dissemi- laws. students at the secondary level taking

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.086 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5507 at least two courses in a single pro- This bill addresses all of those items Garnett Decosimo, and Steve Town- gram or program of study, or at the and reduces burden for local govern- send; from Senator MURRAY’s office, postsecondary level, students taking at ments. Evan Schatz, Kara Marchione, Amanda least 12 credits in a single program or First, this reauthorization focuses re- Beaumont, and Katherine McClelland; program of study, and for each sub- porting and accountability on just CTE and my staff, David Cleary, Bob Moran, group defined in the Every Student concentrators, reducing the number of Jake Baker, Richard Pettey, Bobby Succeeds Act and for each special pop- students States must collect data on to McMillin, and Lindsey Seidman. ulation defined in this bill. only those truly enrolled in a CTE pro- I am pleased that President Trump However, States are only held ac- gram. Second, the number of require- signed this bill into law today to help countable for the group of all CTE con- ments of what must be included in the States and local communities meet the centrators. One of the important local application is reduced from 12 to needs of the current and future work- changes in the law is that the Sec- 9. Third, the required use of funds at force. retary will no longer negotiate the lev- the local level drops from nine to six. Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, al- els of performance with the States. One last item that I would like to ad- though President Trump has spent the Going forward, States will determine dress about the bill is its account- majority of his Presidency under- their levels and submit them to the ability provisions. The bill maintains mining workers and their economic se- Secretary, who will approve them if the current law structure of account- curity, today President Trump is tak- they meet the conditions highlighted ability which requires that, if a State ing a small step in the right direction earlier. This is a point worth saying does not meet 90 percent of their State- by signing the Strengthening Career again: The bill heading to the Presi- determined level of performance for and Technical Education for the 21st dent’s desk eliminates any involve- any of the indicators, then the State Century Act into law. ment by the Secretary in determining must submit an improvement plan in- This doesn’t undo President Trump’s levels of performance with the States. dicating how it plans to improve. actions to roll back health and safety However, a State is required to meet If a State has not achieved 90 percent protections for workers or his efforts certain conditions in order to have of their level of performance after 2 to make it easier for corporations to their plan approved by the Secretary. years following the implementation of take advantage of their workers or his Specifically, the Secretary must en- their improvement plan, the Secretary continued attempts to gut workforce sure that plan includes levels of per- is granted the discretion to withhold training programs, including WIOA and formance and that those levels of per- funds from that State. our registered apprenticeships, but this formance have been made public for There are a number of education and bill makes clear that, when Repub- comment. In the submitted plan, the business groups supporting this bill, licans and Democrats work together State must include the comments which include National Governor’s As- and put the needs of students, workers, along with their response to those com- sociation, National School Boards As- businesses, and educators at the fore- ments. Further, the State must de- sociation, Rebuilding America’s Middle front, even President Trump would not velop their plan in consultation with Class, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Na- stand in the way. various stakeholders and provide de- tional Association of Manufacturers, Now, I want to talk about what went scriptions of their goals and programs, Jobs for the Future, Plumbing-Heat- into passing this law, what is included how those meet employment and work- ing-Cooling Contractors Association, in it, and why that is so important. As force needs, and what they will do to Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, we were working to reauthorize the close and eliminate performance gaps and Refrigeration Coalition, Education Perkins Career and Technical Edu- in areas where gaps exist for subgroups Trust, Boeing, and IBM. cation Act, we heard from employers, and special populations. Chairwoman FOXX and Ranking workers, students, educators, advo- If a State has met the requirements Member SCOTT, along with Representa- cates, and our own colleagues on the in developing their plan, then the Sec- tive THOMPSON and Representative need to update this law. retary must approve the plan and may KRISHNAMOORTHI, deserve a good deal of While I agreed reauthorizing Perkins not alter or change the elements of thanks for their work in the House on was critical to giving workers and stu- that plan. passing the Perkins CTE Act. dents the tools and skills they need to The bill allows but does not require a I also want to thank Senator ENZI get better jobs and higher wages, we State to revise the levels of perform- and Senator CASEY for their work in could not pass a law for the sake of ance after 2 years. If a State elects to the Senate on this bill. They have passing a law; we needed to ensure this revise their levels, the new level must worked hard to reach a bipartisan re- law improved the current Perkins pro- not be below the average of the actual sult and should receive the recognition gram and was able to adapt to a chang- performance of the previous 2 years. they deserve for it. ing 21st century economy. States may revise their levels down- I would also like to thank Ivanka That meant putting aside partisan- ward when taking advantage of this op- Trump for her leadership in helping ship and working together, across tion, so long as it meets the require- create an environment where we could party lines, with the goal of improving ments of the law. Further, there has get a result. Her interest in helping career and technical education pro- been some concerns raised that a State train the next generation of our coun- grams for the communities we rep- would be required to go through an en- try’s workers and making the reau- resent. tire State plan process in order to thorization of this bill one of her prior- I am pleased we were able to move make revisions. The language in the ities helped keep Congress focused on away from attempts to voucherize this bill is clear that a State making revi- passing this bill. I was pleased that she program, an idea that was widely re- sions to their levels of performance attended our committee markup of the jected by the CTE community because need only seek public comment on bill and thank her for her hard work. it would mean programs teaching ca- those targets and does not need to go I also want to thank the ranking reer and technical education would re- through the more extensive consulta- member of the committee, Senator ceive less funding, and though the the- tion process or an additional public MURRAY. This bill is another in a long ory of privatization has been cham- comment period. When submitting the list of accomplishments this com- pioned by some in this administration, revised levels to the Secretary, they mittee has achieved. including Secretary DeVos, it has must include the public comments and Finally, I would like to thank the never worked in practice. the State response. following staff: from the Congressional We also rejected attempts to change Heading into this reauthorization, a Research Service, Boris Granovskiy, Perkins funding to competitive grants, major concern of current law was that Becky Skinner, and Adam Stoll; from which would make it significantly there was too much burden on local the Office of Legislative Counsel, Kris- harder for communities to apply for schools that deterred many from pur- tin Romero, Margaret Bomba, and Amy and receive funding. suing Federal funds. They cited the Gaynor; from Senator CASEY’s office, Instead we worked together and fo- burdensome local plan, the multitude Julia Sferlazzo and Rachel McKinnon; cused on what businesses, educators, of requirements and reporting burden. from Senator ENZI’s office, Tara Shaw, and students were asking for.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.088 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 The details here are so important, those gaps. So for the first time, in this Mairead Lynn for their hard work and and I want to make it very clear where law, States and local recipients will support. we landed in this agreement. not only have to report data on per- This law shows that, if we keep stu- To better improve career and tech- formance gaps and disparities, they dents, workers, and businesses at the nical education for students, workers, will have to describe how they will ad- forefront, we can work together and local businesses, and communities, this dress those disparities and gaps. build an economy that works for all. bill will require States, schools, and We also improved the quality of data Thank you. training programs to update education in this bill. Right now, there are not f and job training programs to meet the many common definitions in the Per- FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK needs of the local economy, ensuring kins law, so it is hard for local busi- REVIEW MODERNIZATION ACT students are being provided with the nesses and communities to know which skills they need to find high-skill, career and technical education pro- Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, I high-wage, or in-demand jobs where grams are high quality and which pro- wish to enter into a colloquy with Sen- they live. grams need more resources to improve. ators CRAPO and BROWN. Because the economy is constantly This law establishes more common The integrity of our elections is a changing, and new equipment, tech- definitions so that the data collected vital national security interest. It is nology, and curriculum are needed to going forward will be more meaningful imperative that our elections infra- help students and workers keep up and comparable among localities and structure—the technology and services with technological advancements, this States and will provide more action- needed to conduct our elections—re- bill would authorize a new innovation able data to help local communities mains free from foreign influence. grant program to allow States to ex- improve these programs. We know that our elections are under plore new and creative ways to improve As I mentioned before, this bill gives foreign threat from cyber attacks and career and technical education that use States and local CTE providers flexi- disinformation efforts through social evidence-based measurements to en- bility to design their own improvement media. Our democratic process can also sure students are still receiving high programs for States or locals failing to be manipulated through foreign invest- quality education and training. meet 90 percent of the goals they set ments in elections infrastructure. In Updating career and technical edu- for themselves, but it also includes fact, just this month, the Federal Bu- cation programs and promoting inno- basic requirements to ensure low-per- reau of Investigation notified Mary- vation is important, but we cannot lose forming programs improve in the spe- land officials that Russian oligarch sight of our top priority: improving the cific areas they are underperforming, Vladimir Potanin maintained a sub- quality of the career and technical edu- something all parents, educators, and stantial investment in a firm used by cation students are receiving. community members want for the pro- the Maryland State Board of Elections For that reason, this bill appro- grams that serve their children—be- to register voters and deliver online priately balances State and local flexi- cause, if programs don’t have to im- ballots. bility with protections and guardrails prove and help the students and work- This June, the Senate voted over- to ensure our students are receiving ers who need it most, there is no way whelmingly in favor of the Foreign In- the best possible education and train- our communities will be ready for the vestment Risk Review Modernization ing. economic challenges the 21st century Act, legislation to enhance our na- I want to dig a little deeper into holds for us all. tional security by strengthening the these protections today because it is so Our bottom line should always be review process of the Committee on important we get this right. that we support students to succeed. If Foreign Investment in the United First, on the role of the Secretary of we aren’t, then we have a responsi- States, CFIUS. Specifically, the new Education, I want to be very clear: bility to do better. This new law main- law would allow CFIUS to review This bill does not prohibit the Sec- tains the authority of the Secretary to transactions beyond just those that retary’s authority to oversee this law hold States’ feet to the fire to do just could result in foreign control of a U.S. in any new way. that. business, to include ‘‘other invest- The Strengthening Career and Tech- Finally, I want to thank my negoti- ments’’ by a foreign person in a U.S. nical Education for the 21st Century ating partners in this legislation, business involved in U.S. critical infra- Act gives States the ability to deter- Chairman ALEXANDER, Senator CASEY, structure. Critical infrastructure, as mine what education and training is and Senator ENZI, for working with me defined by the Department of Home- most needed in their communities and on a bipartisan bill that makes impor- land Security, DHS, includes election what accountability levels those pro- tant, needed updates to career and infrastructure, such as voter registra- grams have to meet. technical education, while maintaining tion databases and associated systems, At the same time, it ensures the Sec- guardrails to ensure States and pro- systems used to manage elections, vot- retary has the ability and the author- grams receiving Federal money are fo- ing systems, storage facilities for elec- ity to implement and enforce the law cused on providing students and work- tion and voting systems, and polling as we intended. ers with the skills they needy and pro- places, to include early voting loca- This bill allows the Secretary to viding businesses with workers they tions. issue rules to implement the law, in- need to compete in the 21st century I ask Senator CRAPO, do you agree cluding notifying Congress before a economy. that critical infrastructure, as defined rule is issued and allowing Congress to I also want to take a moment to rec- by DHS, includes certain elections in- provide input on those proposed rules. ognize the hard work and long hours frastructure? Second, this bill includes a number of our staff put in to make this a bill we Mr. CRAPO. Yes. measures to support States and ensure were all proud to support. Mr. VAN HOLLEN. I ask Senator their top priority is student success. I want to thank David Cleary, Bob BROWN, do you agree that, once this Because regions of the country have Moran, Jake Baker, and Richard Petty bill is enacted into law, existing CFIUS different needs and economies, this bill from Senator ALEXANDER’s office, Gar- authority is broadened to review cer- will allow States to set their own lev- nett Decosimo from Senator ENZI’s of- tain ‘‘other investments’’ involving els of performance, but each State fice, and Julia Sferlazzo from Senator elections infrastructure by a foreign must meet minimum requirements CASEY’s office. person? when they set those levels of perform- I want to thank members of my own Mr. BROWN. Yes. ance, including ensuring our most vul- staff, including my staff director Evan f nerable students are making meaning- Schatz, my deputy staff director John ful progress and performance gaps in Righter, and my education policy di- ANIMAL DRUG USER FEE the States are closing. rector Kara Marchione. AMENDMENTS OF 2018 Under current law, we have data on I also want to thank Amanda Beau- Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, I performance gaps and disparities, but mont, Katherine McClelland, Kath- ask unanimous consent to have printed no one is required to do anything about arine Parham, Manuel Contreras, and in the RECORD the commitment letter

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.090 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5509 for the Animal Drug User Fee Agree- scribed in 21 CFR 514.8(c)(2)(i)(A) and (D) reach a decision on the issue (s) presented in ments of 2018. that require approval of a supplemental ap- the supplement. There being no objection, the mate- plication prior to distribution of the drug The Agency will review and act on 90 per- cent of reactivated supplements: rial was ordered to be printed in the made using the change. 5. The term ‘‘presubmission conference’’ i Within 180 days after the reactivated sup- RECORD, as follows: (PSC) is understood to mean one or more plemental NADA submission date if the ANIMAL DRUG USER FEE AMENDMENTS OF 2018 conferences between a potential applicant Agency determines and notifies the sponsor ADUFA REAUTHORIZATION PERFORMANCE GOALS and FDA as described in 21 CFR 514.5 to that the deficiencies are substantial; AND PROCEDURES—FYS 2019 THRU 2023 reach a binding agreement establishing a ii Within 135 days after the reactivated supplemental NADA submission date if the The goals and procedures of the FDA Cen- submission or investigational requirement. Agency determines and notifies the sponsor ter for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) as agreed 6. The term ‘‘dosage characterization’’ is that the deficiencies are not substantial; and to under the ‘‘Animal Drug User Fee Amend- understood to mean a justification of the the reactivation to the supplemental appli- ments of 2018’’ are summarized as follows: dosage (dose or dose range, dosing frequency, cation must be submitted no more than 120 I. DEFINITIONS and the dosing duration) and a characteriza- tion of the critical aspects of the dose re- days after the Agency’s dated incomplete 1. For the application/submission goals sponse relationship related to each intended letter to qualify for the shorter review time; below, the term ‘‘review and act on’’ is un- use and associated conditions of use. and derstood to mean the issuance of a complete iii Within 180 days after the reactivated action letter after the complete review of an II. APPLICATION/SUBMISSION GOALS supplemental NADA submission date if the animal drug application, supplemental ani- Beginning October 1, 2018, all applications reactivation to the supplemental application mal drug application, or investigational ani- and submissions under the Federal Food, is submitted after 120 days of the Agency’s mal drug submission which either (1) ap- Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) section dated incomplete letter or new substantial proves an animal drug application or supple- 512(b) and 571 must be created using the information is provided in the reactivated mental application or notifies a sponsor that eSubmitter tool and submitted to the Agen- supplement. an investigational animal drug submission is cy through CVM’s ESS. The Agency will generally favor using the complete or (2) sets forth in detail the spe- 1. Original New Animal Drug Applications shorter reactivation timeframe of 135 days, cific deficiencies in such animal drug appli- (NADAs) where possible. The Agency will state in the incomplete letter the appropriate timeframe cation, supplemental animal drug applica- Review and act on 90 percent of original for review of the reactivation. Sponsors tion, or investigational animal drug submis- NADAs within 180 days after the submission wishing to discuss the selected timeframe sion and, where appropriate, the actions nec- date. should contact the Agency prior to the reac- essary to place such an application, supple- An application is incomplete if it would re- tivation of the supplement. The shorter re- mental application, or submission in condi- quire additional data or information to en- view time of 135 days for reactivated supple- tion for approval. Within 30 days 17 of sub- able the Agency to complete a comprehen- ments for which the deficiencies are deter- mission, FDA shall refuse to file an animal sive review of the application and reach a de- mined not to be substantial is not intended drug application, supplemental animal drug cision on the issue(s) presented in the appli- to prevent the use of minor amendments dur- application, or their reactivation, which is cation. ing Agency review of a supplemental applica- determined to be insufficient on its face or The Agency will review and act on 90 per- tion. otherwise of unacceptable quality for review cent of reactivated applications: upon initial inspection as per 21 CFR 514.110. i Within 180 days after the reactivated 4. Prior Approval Manufacturing Supplemental Thus, the Agency will refuse to file an appli- NADA submission date if the Agency deter- NADAs and Reactivations cation containing numbers or types of er- mines and notifies the sponsor that the defi- Review and act on 90 percent of Prior Ap- rors, or flaws in the development plan, suffi- ciencies are substantial; proval manufacturing supplemental NADAs cient to cause the quality of the entire sub- ii Within 135 days after the reactivated within 120 days after the submission date. A mission to be questioned to the extent that NADA submission date if the Agency deter- Prior Approval manufacturing supplemental it cannot reasonably be reviewed. Within 60 mines and notifies the sponsor that the defi- NADA includes: one or more major manufac- days of submission, FDA will refuse to re- ciencies are not substantial; and the NADA turing changes as described in 21 CFR view an investigational animal drug submis- reactivation must be submitted no more 514.8(b)(2)(ii) and in accordance with Guid- sion which is determined to be insufficient than 120 days after the Agency’s dated in- ance for Industry 83 (Chemistry, Manufac- on its face or otherwise of unacceptable qual- complete letter to qualify for the shorter re- turing, and Controls Changes to an Approved ity upon initial inspection using criteria and view time; and NADA or ANADA); and, changes submitted procedures similar to those found in 21 CFR iii Within 180 days alter the reactivated as ‘‘Supplement-Changes Being Effected in 30 514.110. A decision to refuse to file an appli- NADA submission date if the NADA reac- Days’’ that require prior approval according cation or to refuse to review a submission as tivation is submitted after 120 days of the to 21 CFR 514.8(b)(3)(v)(A). If a Prior Ap- described above will result in the application Agency’s dated incomplete letter or new sub- proval supplement does not clearly identify or submission not being entered into the co- stantial information is provided in the reac- any major manufacturing changes, the Prior hort upon which the relevant user fee goal is tivated application. Approval supplement will be designated by based. The Agency will keep a record of the The Agency will generally favor using the the Agency as a ‘‘Supplement-Changes Being numbers and types of such refusals and in- shorter reactivation timeframe of 135 days, Effected’’ with a 180 days review goal (see clude them in its annual performance report. where possible. The Agency will state in the ‘‘Supplement-Changes Being Effected Manu- 2. A minor amendment is understood to incomplete letter the appropriate timeframe facturing Supplemental NADAs and Reac- mean information requested by FDA during for review of the reactivation. Sponsors tivations’’ below). the review of the application or investiga- wishing to discuss the selected timeframe A submission is incomplete if it requires tional submission. FDA may request minor should contact the Agency prior to reactiva- additional data or information to enable the amendments to animal drug applications, tion of the application. The shorter review Agency to complete a comprehensive review supplemental animal drug applications, and time of 135 days for reactivated NADAs for of the submission and reach a decision on the investigational animal drug submissions which the deficiencies are determined not to issue(s) presented in the submission. If the during its review of the application or sub- be substantial is not intended to prevent the Agency determines that the deficiencies are mission. At its discretion, the Agency may use of minor amendments during Agency re- not substantial for manufacturing supple- extend an internal due date (but not a user view of an application. ments requiring prior approval, the Agency fee goal) to allow for the complete review of 2. Administrative NADAs will allow the manufacturing supplements to an application or submission for which a be resubmitted as ‘‘Supplement Changes Review and act on 90 percent of adminis- minor amendment is requested. If a pending Being Effected in 30 Days’’ as described in 21 trative NADAs (NADAs filed after all sci- application is amended with significant CFR 514.8(b)(3) and the drug made with the entific decisions already have been made as changes, the amended application may be change can be distributed 30 days after the part of the investigational new animal drug considered resubmitted, thereby effectively resubmission according to 21 CFR process) within 60 days after the filing date. resetting the clock to the date FDA received 514.8(b)(3)(iv). The Agency will review and the amendment. The same policy applies for 3. Non-manufacturing Supplemental Animal act on 90 percent of these reactivated manu- investigational animal drug submissions. Drug Applications facturing supplements within 180 days after 3. The term ‘‘submission date’’ means the Review and act on 90 percent of non-manu- the resubmission date of a complete submis- date the FDA Center for Veterinary Medi- facturing supplemental animal drug applica- sion. If the Agency determines that the defi- cine (CVM) Electronic Submission System tions (i.e. supplemental animal drug applica- ciencies remain substantial or new substan- (ESS) receives an application or submission. tions for which safety or effectiveness data tial information is provided, prior-approval Upon receipt of an application or submission, are required) within 180 days after the sub- is required according to 21 CFR the CVM ESS creates an electronic receipt mission date. 514.8(b)(3)(v)(A). The Agency will review and that contains the date of receipt and is sent A supplemental application is incomplete act on 90 percent of these reactivated manu- to the submitter. if it would require additional data or infor- facturing supplements within 120 days after 4. The term ‘‘labeling supplement’’ is un- mation to enable the Agency to complete a the resubmission date of a complete submis- derstood to mean certain applications as de- comprehensive review of the supplement and sion.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.101 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 5. Supplements—Changes Being Effected Manu- sor that the deficiencies are not substantial; Additional Performance Goals facturing Supplemental NADAs and Reac- and the resubmission must be submitted no Work Queue Review Procedures tivations more than 120 days after the Agency’s dated The Agency will review all submissions in Review and act on 90 percent of ‘‘Supple- nonconcurrence letter to qualify for the accordance with procedures for working ment—Changes Being Effected’’ manufac- shorter review time; and within a queue. An application/submission iii Within 50 days after the resubmission turing supplemental NADAs and reactiva- that is not reviewed within the applicable date if the resubmission is submitted after tions submitted according to 21 CFR Application/Submission Goal time frame 120 days of the Agency’s dated non-concur- 514.8(b)(3)(vi) and in accordance with Guid- (noted above) will be reviewed with the high- ance for Industry 83 (Chemistry, Manufac- rence letter or new substantial information is provided in the resubmission. est possible priority among those pending. turing, and Controls Changes to an Approved The Agency will generally favor using the III. PRE-APPROVAL FOREIGN INSPECTIONS NADA or ANADA), including manufacturing shorter resubmission timeframe of 20 days, The Agency and regulated industry are changes not requiring prior approval accord- where possible. The Agency will state in the committed to improving the review and busi- ing to 21 CFR 514.8(b)(3) within 180 days after non-concurrence letter the appropriate time- ness processes that will facilitate the timely the submission date. frame for review of the resubmission. Spon- scheduling and conducting of pre-approval 6. Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) sors wishing to discuss the selected time- inspections (PAIs). To improve the timeli- Study Submissions frame should contact the Agency prior to re- ness and predictability of foreign PAIs, spon- Review and act on 90 percent of INAD submission of the protocol without data. The sors may voluntarily submit 1) at the begin- study submissions within 180 days after the shorter review time of 20 days for resub- ning of the calendar year, a list of foreign submission date. mitted INAD protocol without data submis- manufacturing facilities that are specified in An INAD study submission is incomplete if sions for which the deficiencies are deter- an animal drug application, supplemental it would require additional data or informa- mined not to be substantial is not intended animal drug application, or investigational tion to enable the Agency to complete a to prevent the use of minor amendments dur- animal drug submission and may be subject comprehensive review of the submission and ing Agency review of a submission. to foreign PAIs for the following fiscal year; reach a decision on the issue(s) presented in Sponsors are not required to submit study and 2) a notification 30 days prior to submit- the submission. protocols for review. However, for each pro- ting an NADA, a supplemental NADA, or The Agency will review and act on 90 per- tocol voluntarily submitted prior to the INAD submission that informs the Agency cent of resubmissions: commencement of the study that the Agency that the application/submission includes a i Within 180 days after the resubmitted and the sponsor consider to be an essential foreign manufacturing facility. Should any INAD study submission date if the Agency part of the basis for making the decision to changes to the annual list occur after its determines and notifies the sponsor that the approve or not approve an animal drug appli- submission to the Agency, the sponsor may deficiencies are substantial; cation or supplemental animal drug applica- provide the updated information to the ii Within 60 days after the resubmitted tion, the Agency will issue a complete action Agency. INAD study submission date if the Agency letter providing comments resulting from a The Agency will keep a record of the num- determines and notifies the sponsor that the complete review of the protocol. The com- ber of foreign PAIs conducted for new animal plete action letter will be as detailed as pos- deficiencies are not substantial; and the re- drug applications, along with the average sible considering the quality and level of de- submission must be submitted no more than time for completing the PAIs, and include tail of the protocol submission; will include 120 days after the Agency’s dated incomplete this information in its annual performance a succinct assessment of the protocol; and letter to qualify for the shorter review time; report. The time for completing the PAI is will state whether the Agency agrees, dis- and understood to mean the time from the in- agrees, or lacks sufficient information to iii Within 180 days after the resubmitted spection scheduling request through notifi- reach a decision that the protocol design, INAD study submission date if the resubmis- cation to the Center of inspectional findings. execution plans, and data analyses are ade- sion is submitted after 120 days of the Agen- quate to achieve the objectives of the study. IV. FOREIGN GMP INSPECTIONS cy’s dated incomplete letter or new substan- If the Agency determines that a protocol is The Agency commits to working to imple- tial information is provided in the resubmis- acceptable, this represents an agreement ment the US-EU GMP Inspection Mutual sion. that the data generated by the protocol can Recognition Agreement starting in FY 2019 The Agency will generally favor using the be used to support a safety or effectiveness for establishments manufacturing animal/ shorter resubmission timeframe of 60 days, decision regarding the subject animal drug. veterinary drugs. The Agency will provide where possible. The Agency will state in the The fundamental agreement is that having annual progress updates to the industry. incomplete letter the appropriate timeframe agreed to the design, execution, or analyses 1. Supporting Information for Presubmission for review of the resubmission. Sponsors proposed in protocols reviewed under this Conferences and INAD Protocols without wishing to discuss the selected timeframe process, the Agency will not later alter its Data Submissions should contact the Agency prior to resubmit- perspectives on the issues of design, execu- The Agency and the regulated industry ting the application. The shorter review time tion, or analyses unless the Agency by writ- of 60 days for resubmissions for which the de- agree that data and/or information which ten order determines that a substantiated uniquely describes the general attributes of ficiencies are determined not to be substan- scientific requirement essential to the as- tial is not intended to prevent the use of the new animal drug (e.g. the known charac- sessment of the study appeared after the teristics of the drug that can impact safety, minor amendments during Agency review of Agency’s protocol assessment, or public or a submission. effectiveness and/or quality) needs to be sub- animal health concerns unrecognized at the mitted early in the new animal drug develop- Review and act on 90 percent of microbial time of protocol assessment under this proc- food safety hazard characterization submis- ment process in order to enable the parties ess are evident. to reach agreement at a presubmission con- sions within 100 days after the submission The Agency will permit comparability pro- date. ference or to begin review of a protocol. The tocols as described in 21 CFR 514.8(b)(2)(v) to intent of this provision is to avoid the sub- 7. INAD Protocols without Data Submissions be submitted as protocols without substan- mission of data or information between the Review and act on 90 percent of INAD sub- tial data in an INAD file. The Agency will re- presubmission conference and the submis- missions consisting of protocols without view and act on 90 percent of INAD submis- sion of a protocol. Eligibility both for short data, that the Agency and the sponsor con- sions consisting of protocols without sub- justifications in protocols and for concurrent sider to be an essential part of the basis for stantial data within 50 days after the sub- supporting data and protocol review de- making the decision to approve or not ap- mission date of the protocol. For potentially scribed below is predicated on the sponsor prove an NADA or supplemental NADA, more complex comparability protocols, for submitting information early in the new ani- within 50 days after the submission date. example sterile process validation protocols, mal drug development process. An INAD protocol without data submission the sponsor should discuss and have Agency The Agency will allow for the inclusion of is incomplete if it would require additional concurrence regarding the appropriate filing this data and/or information in pre- information to enable the Agency to com- strategy. submission conferences; however it would plete a comprehensive review of the protocol 8. Labeling Supplements not preclude holding a presubmission con- and reach a decision on the issue(s) pre- Review and act on 90 percent of qualifying ference without such data. sented in the protocol. labeling supplements as described in 21 CFR The Agency will allow short justifications The Agency will review and act on 90 per- 514.8(c)(2)(i)(A) and (D) within 60 days after within INAD protocols without data submis- cent of resubmitted INAD protocol without the submission date. Qualifying labeling sup- sions that are limited in scope (e.g., no more data submissions: plements are defined as those for which the than ten pages or no more than two (peer-re- i Within 50 days after the resubmission sponsor provides and certifies a complete list viewed) journal articles). date if the Agency determines and notifies of label changes made in the application and The Agency will allow for the concurrent the sponsor that the deficiencies are sub- that CVM can determine upon initial review submission of supporting data (INAD H sub- stantial; do not decrease the safety of drug use. missions) and protocols (INAD E submis- ii Within 20 days after the resubmitted The Agency will review and act on 90 per- sions) provided that the protocol is not sub- INAD protocol without data submission if cent of non-qualifying labeling supplements mitted until the supporting data has been in the Agency determines and notifies the spon- within 180 days after the submission date. the Agency’s queue for at least 50 days.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:11 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.102 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5511 2. Dosage Characterization 5. Presubmission Conferences investigation has continued to produce The Agency and the regulated industry Conduct 90% of qualifying presubmission results, despite these attacks. We must agree that dosage characterization is part of conferences within a 60-day timeframe when be clear that any attempt to remove the effectiveness technical section of an in- all of the following conditions are met: special counsel Robert Mueller or Dep- vestigational new animal drug file. In in- i. All background materials, including uty Attorney General Rod Rosenstein stances where data and/or information about presentations, have been submitted, and would take our Nation into uncharted the dosage is integral to the review of a pro- ii. A complete agenda has been agreed upon tocol, the Agency and the regulated industry by the Agency and the sponsor territory. I am disturbed that, last agree that this data and/or information A sponsor and the Agency can mutually week, a group of the President’s allies should be submitted as supporting data agree to exclude a particular presubmission in the House of Representatives filed (INAD H submission) well in advance of the conference from this performance goal. If a unwarranted articles of impeachment protocol submission. Such information may sponsor accepts a date beyond the 60-day against Mr. Rosenstein, who has be needed to ensure selection of optimal timeframe for their scheduling purposes or is worked to uphold the rule of law and study time points and would be particularly unable to meet with the Agency on Agency ensure that the independent Russia in- important for novel drugs and drugs with available dates, the submission will be ex- vestigation can continue. modified-release characteristics. cluded from the presubmission conference Both Mr. Rosenstein and Mr. Mueller cohort. 3. Animal Drug Availability Act (ADAA) Com- have admirable records of public serv- bination Medicated Feeds Applications 6. Tissue Residue Method ice. Mr. Mueller, whose qualifications, Review and act on 90 percent of qualifying Commence 90% of tissue residue method experience, and character I have pre- ADAA Combination Medicated Feeds Appli- demonstrations within 120 days of comple- viously detailed on the floor, was a cations within 60 days after the submission tion of the ‘‘3-hour meeting’’ process or date. An ADAA combination application will equivalent process milestone where there is decorated hero of the Vietnam war, a qualify for the 60 day review timeframe only a single laboratory validation tissue residue U.S. Attorney, and a widely respected if the following criteria are met: method demonstration. director of the FBI. There is no one i. The regulatory requirements for an V. WORKLOAD ADJUSTMENT better equipped to lead the Russia ADAA combination application have been The workload adjustment will continue to probe. met as outlined in 21 CFR 514.4(c)(2)(ii) be calculated per CVM Program Policy and Mr. Rosenstein, like Mr. Mueller, ii. A presubmission conference has been Procedures Manual 1243.3022, except that, for also has a long and distinguished ca- conducted and either purposes of calculating the workload adjust- reer in public service. A native of a. No data are needed (i.e., no tissue res- ment, it has been agreed to reset the base idue non-interference study is required) and Philadelphia, Mr. Rosenstein graduated years to FY 2014–FY 2018. There will be no this is documented in the memorandum of from the Wharton School and Harvard workload adjustment for FY 2019. Workload conference for the presubmission conference; Law School, after which he clerked for adjustments are one-time adjustments, and or Judge Douglas Ginsburg of the U.S. are calculated annually. b. A justification for not conducting a tis- Court of Appeals for the District of Co- sue residue noninterference study has been f lumbia Circuit. submitted, reviewed and found acceptable He initially joined the Department of RUSSIA INVESTIGATION under an INAD, prior to the submission of Justice nearly 30 years ago through the the ADAA combination application; or Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, today I Attorney General’s Honors Program. c. A tissue residue non-interference study wish to discuss the importance of the He started as a trial attorney with the has been submitted, reviewed and found ac- Justice Department’s independent in- ceptable under an INAD, prior to the submis- Public Integrity Section of the Crimi- sion of the ADAA combination application. vestigation into Russia’s interference nal Division, prosecuting public cor- iii. No effectiveness or target animal safe- in the 2016 Presidential election. ruption cases. Mr. Rosenstein rose ty data are required. The interference with our election through the ranks, serving as counsel iv. No manufacturing data requirements- process by a hostile government was an to the Deputy Attorney General; spe- sponsor can address in meeting assay non-in- attack on our democracy and a threat cial assistant to the Assistant Attor- terference, but data submission is not re- to our national security, carried out by ney General in the Criminal Division; quired. Russian operatives at the direction of associate independent counsel in the v. All other information is referenced to Vladimir Putin himself. As the intel- previous drug experience reports. Office of the Independent Counsel; and vi. Sponsor makes submission and it in- ligence community’s unclassified re- assistant U.S. attorney in Maryland. cludes: Bluebird labeling, Veterinary Feed port concluded, ‘‘We assess Russian He was recognized for his work at the Directive (if applicable). President Vladimir Putin ordered an Department of Justice with a 1993 vii. Includes a request for categorical ex- influence campaign in 2016 aimed at ‘‘Commendation Award’’ from the clusion from the need to prepare an environ- the U.S. presidential election. Russia’s Criminal Division, a 1994 ‘‘Outstanding mental assessment (EA); i.e., no EA required. goals were to undermine public faith in Contribution to Justice’’ award from viii. Reference to presubmission con- the U.S. democratic process, denigrate the Office of the Deputy Attorney Gen- ference. Secretary Clinton, and harm her ix. Right of reference (if applicable) to eral, and a 1997 ‘‘Appreciation Award’’ NADA(s) not owned by the filing sponsor of electability and potential presidency. from the Criminal Division’s Public In- the ADAA combination application has been We further assess Putin and the Rus- tegrity Section. received by the Agency. sian Government developed a clear In 2001, he became Principal Deputy Review and act on 90 percent of ADAA preference for President-elect Trump.’’ Assistant Attorney General for the Tax combination applications within 100 days for Since Deputy Attorney General Rod Division, where he supervised the those applications initially accepted for the Rosenstein appointed Robert Mueller criminal sections, coordinated tax en- 60-day timeframe but subsequently deter- as special counsel to investigate Rus- forcement activities, and oversaw civil mined to need minor amendments. sia’s attack, 32 indictments have been If any of the above conditions cannot be litigation. Then, in 2005, he returned to met, the ADAA combination application will returned in connection with the inves- the Maryland U.S. attorney’s office, be given a 180-day review timeframe and tigation, including indictments against this time as the top Federal pros- placed in the original NADA application co- Russian individuals and companies, as ecutor. He served as U.S. Attorney for hort. well as former Trump campaign man- over a decade, until he was nominated 4. Categorical Exclusions ager Paul Manafort and deputy cam- to become Deputy Attorney General in Review and act on 90 percent of resubmis- paign manager Rick Gates, who were 2017. His nomination to this critically sions of a previously completed Environ- charged with ‘‘conspiracy against the important post, at a critically impor- mental Impact technical section within 60 United States.’’ Mr. Mueller has also tant time for our Nation, was approved days after the resubmission date where: secured guilty pleas from other cam- overwhelmingly by this body, by a vote i. A Categorical Exclusion was issued; and paign advisers, including George of 94 to 6. ii. All other technical sections have been Papadopoulos and Michael Flynn. Mr. Rosenstein has a wealth of expe- submitted; and Despite this ample evidence of rience at the Department of Justice iii. Information contained in the other technical sections reveals a change in the wrongdoing, the President has at- and has served our country and the conditions of use of the drug that may affect tempted to impede the Russia probe American public with honor and dis- the previous determination of categorical ex- every step of the way, falsely branding tinction since he entered the legal pro- clusion. it a ‘‘witch hunt.’’ So far, the Mueller fession. During his many years at the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.103 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 Department of Justice, he has shown once the war ended. After 20 years of Under Pershing’s command, Eugene his commitment to the rule of law and Active service and many more decades prepared for battle. On September 12, the legal process. during which it went unrecognized, 1918, in Saint-Mihiel, France, Eugene At no time could such commitment Sergeant First Class Oyola-Alvarez was and his comrades contributed to a be more vital. Our rule of law is under at last granted the awards his unfailing major turning point. The American of- siege from multiple fronts, including support of our Nation deserved. On fensive caught the Germans unaware from members of this administration Veterans Day in 2012, I was honored to and in the process of retreating. The and the President himself. present him a number of hard-earned courage and determination of the Rod Rosenstein and Robert Mueller medals at his home in Hartford, CT. American forces solidified the stature have so far been able to oversee an Four years later, I was proud to of U.S. military might in the eyes of independent investigation, but the present him and his fellow our European allies and enemies. threat of interference still remains. Borinqueneers with the Congressional During the second day of fighting, Both of these respected public servants Gold Medal at the Connecticut State Eugene endured a shrapnel wound that have been the target of vicious and un- Capitol. At the ceremony, Sergeant would prove fatal. He died on the field founded partisan attacks with no pur- First Class Oyola-Alvarez also received of combat in northeast France, less pose but to discredit and delegitimize more medals acknowledging his efforts than 2 months before the end of the the Russia investigation. These at- on behalf of America, including the war. Eugene was just 24 years old. He is tacks are not only shameful; they are World War II Victory Medal and Ko- buried in the Saint-Mihiel American undemocratic. rean Service Medal, among others. Cemetery in Thiaucourt, France, We cannot successfully counter for- Honorably discharged in 1961, he alongside 4,153 of his fellow fallen com- eign threats to our democracy without gained proper recognition for his serv- rades. holding up our own institutions from ice when he reached his mid-90s. Cita- Back in Minnesota, Eugene’s family within. A fundamental principle of our tions and certificates from his home honored his memory and mourned his democracy—equal justice under law— State of Connecticut were given by the death for the rest of their lives. In the has been tested by this President and Connecticut General Assembly, the years after his death, Eugene’s mother his advisers since he entered the White secretary of the State of Connecticut, established a local American Legion House. We, too, are being tested. As and the mayor of Hartford. In 2014, Ser- Post in his name. Watertown American Members of Congress, will we step up geant First Class Oyola-Alvarez’s tena- Legion Post 121 still honors the mem- as a coequal branch of government and cious defense of our democracy earned ory and the name of Eugene Earley ensure that there are consequences him the Lifetime Achievement Award today. when our principles are breached? As from the Latino Puerto Rican Affairs Earlier this year, Eugene’s grand- nephew Jim Bruggeman and his daugh- Americans, will we hold our public offi- Commission in Connecticut. ters Megan and Molly traveled to cials accountable when they work to His sincere devotion to his birth is- France to visit his grave. Through undermine the democratic values that land of Puerto Rico, the United States, their hard work, Eugene was awarded define us as a nation? and the U.S. Armed Forces carried into with the Purple Heart Medal in the That is why I call on Leader MCCON- his family life as well. Sergeant First Class Oyola-Alvarez cherished his wife centennial year of his death. His life NELL to bring the bipartisan Special and brave service will live on through Counsel Independence and Integrity of 70 years, the late Sarah Rivera, as this honor and the memory that his Act to the floor for a vote. It is why I well as his only daughter, Sara Vic- toria, his son-in-law, Merril, and his loved ones hold dear. want to emphasize that any inter- To Eugene Joseph Earley, on behalf ference with this investigation, wheth- many grandchildren and great-grand- children. His years of outstanding lead- of myself, Montana, and a grateful na- er it is with Mr. Mueller, Mr. Rosen- tion, I extend our deepest thanks for stein, FBI Director Wray, or any other ership, loyalty, and commitment are a model for all of us and have left a last- Eugene’s service, sacrifice, and valor. official at the Department of Justice, ing positive impact upon the country. is a line in the sand that must not be f My wife, Cynthia, and I extend our REMEMBERING MARYON PITTMAN crossed. No one—even and especially deepest sympathies to Restituto’s fam- ALLEN the President of the United States—is ily during this difficult time. May their above the law. many wonderful memories of him pro- Mr. JONES. Mr. President, I would f vide them solace and comfort in the like to take a few moments to remem- REMEMBERING SERGEANT FIRST days ahead. ber and honor Maryon Pittman Allen, a former Member of this body, who CLASS RESTITUTO OYOLA-ALVA- f REZ passed away on July 23, 2018. Maryon HONORING EUGENE EARLEY Allen was one of only two women ever Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, I Mr. TESTER. Mr. President, today I to represent the State of Alabama in rise today with a heavy heart to pay wish to honor the life and legacy of a the U.S. Senate. tribute to SFC, Retired, Restituto brave American, Eugene Joseph Born in Meridian, MS, in 1925, ‘‘Tuto’’ Oyola-Alvarez, a courageous Earley. Maryon Pittman and her family moved member of our military and devoted Eugene’s story begins in 1884 in Wa- to Alabama in 1926 in order for her fa- family man. Sadly, Sergeant First tertown, MN, where he was born to ther to open a Caterpillar tractor fran- Class Oyola-Alvarez passed away on Bernard and Cordelia Earley. He was chise. She grew up in Birmingham, at- July 22, 2018, at the age of 101. He will one of 16 children. He grew up on his tending Avondale School and Ramsay be remembered for his tireless, dedi- parents’ farm, learning independence, High School, before matriculating at cated service to our nation. grit, and an ability to fend for himself. the University of Alabama, where she Sergeant First Class Oyola-Alvarez From his parents’ farm, he left to planned to major in journalism. While was born in Arecibo, PR, and he en- homestead and log the nearby forests in college, she met and married her listed in the U.S. Army at Fort in the Black River Country of Northern first husband, attorney Joshua Buchanan on January 22, 1941. He went Koochiching County, MN. There, his Mullins, and they had three children. on to serve in Puerto Rico’s 65th Infan- determination was tested by the hot After the marriage ended in divorce in try Regiment during the Korean war. summers and long, brutal winters. 1959, Maryon entered the workforce, The regiment was referred to as the Through the many challenges he faced, first as a secretary, then in insurance Borinqueneers, and Sergeant First Eugene persevered. sales, and eventually putting her jour- Class Oyola-Alvarez and the rest of his After the United States entered nalism training to use writing for the Latino-segregated unit played a valu- World War I, Eugene enlisted as a pri- ‘‘Shades Valley Sun’’ as society editor. able role in helping American war ef- vate in the U.S. Army 23rd Infantry In the 1960s, Maryon joined the Bir- forts. Regiment, 2nd Division. It wasn’t long mingham News as women’s editor. Two Unfortunately, despite their remark- before he was deployed to France as a weeks into her new job, she drove to able dedication, the Borinqueneers’ part of the American Expeditionary Montgomery to interview then-Lieu- contributions went largely overlooked Forces led by General John Pershing. tenant Governor James B. Allen in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.091 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5513 connection with a speech he had deliv- erent.’’ She faced life’s challenges fear- branch, where she served in the U.S. ered to the Alabama Federation of lessly, refusing to be defeated by adver- Department of Labor before working in Women’s Clubs. She and Allen, a wid- sity. She can now rest in peace after a the Clinton White House. There, as ower with two children, were instantly life well-lived. Deputy Director of the Office of Public attracted to each other and married in f Liaison, she worked to build bridges for August 1964, after a whirlwind, 4-month the AAPI community across the coun- REMEMBERING LAURA EFURD courtship. try into the highest levels of our Na- When Alabama Senator Lister Hill Ms. HIRONO. Mr. President, I rise to tion’s government. She helped to iden- chose not to seek reelection to the U.S. commemorate the life and public serv- tify and confirm key AAPI appoint- Senate in 1968, Jim Allen sought and ice of Laura Efurd who passed away on ments and was instrumental in the cre- won election to his seat. In January of July 2, 2018. ation of the White House Initiative on 1969, Maryon and Jim moved to Wash- Losing someone as hard-working, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, ington, D.C., as Jim began his term in level-headed, and good humored as another institution to expand oppor- the 91st Congress. From Washington, Laura is not easy. I was proud that tunity to the AAPI community that is Maryon began writing a new column Laura was willing to return to public still in existence today. called Reflections of a News Hen, which service as my State administrative After her service in the White House, was regionally syndicated in several manager. She provided a steady, expe- Laura headed to San Francisco and southeastern newspapers and won Ala- rienced hand, and balanced it with her worked for ZeroDivide, a nonprofit fo- bama Press Association awards for kindness and genial nature. Her reg- cused on helping underserved commu- ‘‘best original column.’’ She also ular, day-to-day presence helped me nities understand and unlock tech- served as chair of the Blair House Fine and my staff a great deal. We miss her. nology as a means of expanding eco- Laura had a life well-lived. She was Arts Commission in 1974, appointed to nomic opportunity, civic engagement, born in Kona, HI and raised in Mililani. the position by President Gerald Ford. Laura left Hawaii for college at and healthy outcomes. Jim Allen died suddenly, of a heart In recognition of her work building Ouachita Baptist University in attack, on June 1, 1978. One week later, enduring institutions that expand op- Arkadelphia, and earned a master’s de- Alabama Governor George Wallace ap- portunity within the AAPI community, gree from American University in Laura was awarded this year’s Jose M. pointed Maryon to fill her husband’s Washington, DC. She established her- Montano, Jr. Award from the Congres- seat until the special election, which self professionally on Capitol Hill sional Asian Pacific American Staff was scheduled to take place in Novem- working first for Congressman Robin- Association. This award recognizes a ber. Mrs. Allen pledged to ‘‘continue to son from Arkansas, then as legislative espouse the great principles of govern- director for almost 9 years to my Capitol Hill alum who has gone above ment to which Senator Allen dedicated friend, Congresswoman Patsy T. Mink and beyond to sustain a pipeline of his life. When I cast a vote on the floor of Hawaii. AAPI staffers and leaders on the Hill. of the U.S. Senate, it will reflect the Patsy was well known for standing Over the years, she has found other philosophy he expressed so eloquently up for underserved communities, in- ways to serve and promote oppor- and strongly during his almost 10 years cluding women and minorities, and a tunity. She served as a member of the of service.’’ tireless fighter for social justice and Federal Communications Commission Mrs. Allen served 5 months in the expanding access to quality health care Consumer Advisory Committee, with Senate. She was the first woman to and education. While Patsy was a force the Center for Women’s Policy Studies, serve on the Judiciary Committee, and of nature, we all know what an impor- and as, chair of the Governor of Cali- she presided over the Senate on several tant role that staff plays in a congres- fornia’s Task Force on Broadband, occasions, but even as a Senator, she sional office to support and execute the Community Development, and Public/ stayed true to her roots and continued work of their Members. As legislative Private Partnerships. In these roles, writing her ‘‘Reflections’’ newspaper director, Laura was instrumental in Laura’s work was always about giving column. working with Patsy. She helped spear- a voice to people who had all too often Shortly after Mrs. Allen left the Sen- head the establishment of the Congres- been overlooked or forgotten. ate in 1978, Washington Post editor-in- sional Asian Pacific American Caucus, All along, Laura touched many peo- chief Ben Bradlee invited her to write a CAPAC, founded by Representative ple with her care and compassion, gen- weekly social column about life and Mink and Norm Mineta, D–CA, in 1994. erosity of spirit, and gracious tenacity. events inside the Beltway. Until 1981, Laura served as the caucus’s primary She poured all of her energy into what- Allen remained in Washington, writing staffer during Representative Mink’s ever she was working on. In one in- ‘‘Maryon Allen’s Washington’’ and en- term as chair. CAPAC’s creation helped stance, I recall that for our staff re- tertaining Post readers with her trade- to initiate and provide a much needed treat, she worked at great length to mark wit and style. Eventually, how- voice for the AAPI community in Con- create games that brought staff with ever, Maryon returned to Birmingham gress. At its start, CAPAC was made up diverse backgrounds together for a to be near her family and friends. Back of two Senators and five AAPI House common purpose, to share the unique- home, she began yet another career as Members representing Hawaii, Cali- ness of Hawaii, and to reinforce the one of America’s finest restorers of an- fornia, American Samoa, and Guam. reason why those of us in public service tique wedding dresses, christening Since then, the caucus has grown to 22 do what we do. gowns, and other heirloom textiles, members, with 3 Senators and 19 House It is difficult when we lose someone using skills she had learned from her Members representing 10 States and who was so full of life and still had grandmother. Allen and her extraor- territories. much potential. We remember Laura as dinary artistry were featured in several Laura was also a founding member of a giving individual who shared so much national magazines. the Congressional Asian Pacific Amer- with so many. Laura made a positive My wife, Louise, and I wish to extend ican Staff Association, CAPASA, and impact during her life, one that ex- our gratitude for Mrs. Allen’s service, helped to support the internships that tends from coast to coast, and took her as well as our condolences for her loss CAPASA sponsors through the Asian from Hawaii to the highest levels of to her children Joshua Sanford Pacific American Institute for Con- our government. As her brother Steve Mullins, III, and his wife Eugenia; John gressional Studies. wrote on the day she passed: Pittman Mullins and his wife, Alison; Through her commitment to public Her impact on people was never more evi- and Maryon Allen Allen, widow of the service—particularly in the Asian dent than during the outpouring of support late Stephen Allen; to her stepson American and Pacific Islanders, AAPI, she had during the past year and especially James Browning Allen, Jr., and to her community—a greater number of indi- during the past few weeks. The impact she had will be felt way beyond the end of her six grandchildren, and four great- viduals have had the opportunity to re- time on earth. Her time here with us is pau. grandchildren. alize their dream of service to our Na- But Laura will live on in our hearts, our Maryon Allen was independent, intel- tion. memories, our actions, our stories, as well as ligent, and charismatic, with a self-de- After nearly a decade serving on the in programs she helped guide, in legislation scribed ‘‘penchant for being irrev- Hill, Laura moved to the executive she helped to craft, and in her crafts, and in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:11 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.095 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 the example she set. Our celebration of her REMEMBERING DORIS IVY ‘‘giant in life.’’ Helen used to tell a life here with us is going to be a special one. ∑ Ms. DUCKWORTH. Mr. President, story about one time, when a car full of f today I wish to honor the life of Doris White men was driving around her Ivy of Illinois. In 1991, Doris Ivy re- neighborhood pointing a gun out the ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS ceived a second chance at life after re- window. Frustrated and frightened, ceiving a new kidney from a generous young Helen ran in the house and got a donor. gun of her own. Her father followed her TRIBUTE TO FRED GRIMSEY The way her family sees it, Doris was out onto the porch, took the gun from her hands, and taught her the impor- ∑ Mr. BLUMENTHAL. Mr. President, able to live an extra 27 years, thanks to that kidney transplant. She made the tance of fighting ‘‘the right way.’’ today I wish to recognize Fred Judge Lee’s courage was bolstered by Grimsey, in whose honor a beach in most out of those years. She was an ac- tive volunteer, an election judge, a tal- her faith, which she also learned from Waterford, CT, will be named Grimsey her father. Recalling the threats and Beach on August 11, 2018. I have had ented cook, a choir singer, and a moth- er to nine children. On June 29, 2018, the bombings, Judge Lee said, ‘‘It was the honor of seeing firsthand the many our Christian faith that got us through amazing accomplishments of Fred Doris passed away at the age of 85. Her family members, which include this ordeal. My dad prayed constantly. Grimsey over the past decade. Illinois’ Secretary of State Jesse We witnessed that.’’ The Shores home Mr. Grimsey is the founder and presi- White, are thankful for those extra was directly across the street from the dent of Save the River-Save the Hills, years. Due to Doris’s successful trans- First Congregational Church, where Inc., a nonprofit, grassroots environ- plant, they all became strong advo- Shores was Sunday school super- mental organization focused on pre- cates for organ and tissue donations. intendent, deacon, and trustee. Even at serving the health of the Niantic River Doris is survived by her sister Cora, 6 the end of his life, his daughters pushed Estuary, its watershed, and the natural of her 9 children, 12 of her 17 grand- him across Center Street in a wheel- beauty of the Oswegatchie Hills. children, 39 of her 40 great-grand- chair so he could get to church. Arthur In 2003, Mr. Grimsey built a system children, and 12 of her great-great- Shores died in that house on Dynamite to use his boat as a pump-out vessel. grandchildren. Her service to her com- Hill, now an unofficial landmark of the Relying on his personal funds for 2 munity is remarkable, and her story civil rights movement. years to keep what became the Pump- inspiring. I stand here today to remem- With her sister Barbara and author Out Program going, Mr. Grimsey has ber her life and applaud the generosity Denise George, in 2012, Judge Lee pub- since secured grants from the DEEP of all organ donors across America.∑ lished ‘‘The Gentle Giant of Dynamite and the towns of Waterford and East Hill,’’ a biography of her father that f Lyme, CT, to maintain it. Just this tells how Shores, a former high school year, over 16,000 gallons of sewerage REMEMBERING HELEN SHORES principal, became one of the Nation’s were pumped from boats on the Niantic LEE top civil rights attorneys. Shores han- River, preventing a significant amount ∑ Mr. JONES. Mr. President, it is my dled a number of high-profile cases, in- of pollution from being dumped in the honor today to celebrate the life and cluding representing Autherine Lucy, river. service of Judge Helen Shores Lee of the first Black student to attend the As director of the Pump-Out Pro- Alabama, who died on July 2, 2018. The University of Alabama. Shores also gram and president of Save the River- daughter of respected civil rights at- represented the Reverend Martin Lu- Save the Hills, Mr. Grimsey has torney Arthur Shores, Judge Lee was a ther King, Jr., when he was indicted for worked long hours to improve the di- civil rights advocate and pioneer in her leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott. versity and amount of aquatic life in own right. She was the first African- From 1971 to 1987, Judge Lee worked the estuary, encourage safe recreation, American woman to serve as judge in as a clinical psychologist, serving her and enhance economic growth of the the civil division of the circuit court in patients and the community with dedi- Niantic River area. His determined Jefferson County, AL, and she devoted cation and compassion. In 1986, she dedication has helped lead to the des- her life to making sure that all people dedicated herself to a new kind of serv- ignation of the river and the Long Is- are cared for, concerned about, and ice, becoming a magistrate for the city land Sound as a Federal No Discharge spoken up for. of Birmingham. After graduating from Zone. Helen Shores Lee lived a life of exem- the Cumberland School of Law in 1987, Mr. Grimsey’s significant environ- plary courage, dedication, and gen- she joined her father to form Shores & mental efforts has extended Statewide, erosity, and I am fortunate to have Lee, where she practiced law until she including serving on numerous com- known her. I am even more blessed to was appointed circuit judge of the mittees centered on improving water- have called her my friend. Tenth Judicial Court of Alabama and ways in and around Connecticut. Helen developed courage as a young assumed the bench in January 2003. Currently, Mr. Grimsey and Save the girl growing up in the Smithfield area She was twice reelected by the citizens River-Save the Hills are working on a of Birmingham. The Shores family of Jefferson County. Although she re- Unified Water Study with the Con- home was on ‘‘Dynamite Hill,’’ so tired in 2015, Judge Lee continued to necticut Fund for the Environment. named because of the dozens of un- give generously of her time and talent The goal of the study is to encourage solved bombings there during the civil to a number of organizations. collaboration between multiple moni- rights struggles that convulsed the Bir- Judge Lee’s commitment to her com- toring groups in order to measure the mingham area from the late 1940s to munity included serving as a member ecological health of a local bay, cove, the 1960s. In the summer of 1963, Hel- of the Alabama State Ethics Commis- or harbor. en’s own home was bombed twice, just sion from 1996–2000 and as its chair- Mr. Grimsey’s positive impact upon weeks before a bomb exploded at the woman from 1999–2000. She also chaired the Niantic River has greatly bene- 16th Street Baptist Church nearby, the community advisory board of the fitted our State. In 2008, he received killing four little girls who were her University of Alabama at Bir- the President’s Volunteer Service friends. Two years later, another bomb mingham’s Minority Health and Re- Award for the State of Connecticut, was discovered in the Shores’ yard, but search Center, she was a trustee for and in 2017, I was proud to recognize his fortunately, that one was defused be- Leadership Birmingham, she was a environmental achievements by pre- fore it exploded. Despite the damage member of the Cumberland School of senting Mr. Grimsey with the Aquarion they caused and the terror they were Law advisory board, and she served on Environmental Champion Award in the intended to inspire, those bombs did the boards of Blue Cross Blue Shield of adult category. not deter or displace the Shores family, Alabama, Campfire, Inc., the Civil I applaud his tireless efforts to im- nor did they dissuade the rest of the Rights Institute, the Young Women’s prove and protect the Niantic River, African-American community from the Christian Association, and many more. and I hope my colleagues will join me patient pursuit of equality. In 2013, the Young Women’s Christian in congratulating Mr. Grimsey on his Though her father was small in stat- Association of Central Alabama hon- well-earned honor.∑ ure, Judge Lee described him as a ored Judge Lee with the Jeana P.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.096 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5515 Hosch Woman of Valor award for her areas. When some say people are our side her husband. As Donald continued decades of commitment to civil rights best asset, John believed it. He was a his career in the military, Dee contin- and community service. Samford Uni- caring employer, and his workers re- ued to serve her country in civil serv- versity named her Alumnus of the Year spected him for it. ice. in 2014. In 2014, John and Tom were inducted Dee’s passion and intelligence has In addition, Judge Lee was often into the Idaho Hall of Fame in a fam- taken her far in life. From working in called on to speak about her experi- ily-only ceremony. The brothers were a shipyard in Long Beach, to teaching ences in the civil rights movement and not known for wanting any kind of children on the windy Aleutian Islands, the role her family played in moving publicity or public recognition for Dee found joy and fulfillment in serv- the country to a better place. I was for- their commitment to good business ing other people. tunate to share the stage with her practices or for how they supported the Dee is a miraculous woman who has many times and always marveled at community. John just did what he not received enough recognition and how she would share her story with thought was the right thing to do: appreciation for her service to our Na- grace, compassion, and a sense of jus- build an honest and beneficial business, tion in World War II. She didn’t let tice, not hatred or bitterness. make jobs available, give back to the anyone get in the way of her desire to My wife, Louise, and I extend our sin- community, and assist others—and so serve, and our Nation is better off cere and deep condolences to Judge no boasting about it. today because of her strength and de- Lee’s family. The city of Birmingham John was also a family man. He was termination. Women like Dee paved and the State of Alabama are better for married to Joy Elaine (Hanson) for 34 the way for generations of Montana her having lived and served there and years. As a father, John’s children say and American women to take up the so am I.∑ he was always there for them. call to arms and serve our Nation. f John was a great Idahoan, an exem- I stand here today to say thank you plary businessman, a caring, charitable to Dolores Nelson for her service, REMEMBERING JOHN M. RICHARDS member of the community, and a tim- strength, and sacrifice, on behalf of ∑ Mr. RISCH. Mr. President, today I ber man of excellence. He will be sorely myself, Montana, and a grateful na- wish to honor a great Idahoan, John M. missed by his family, his friends, ‘‘co- tion.∑ Richards. John recently passed away, workers,’’ and by many throughout f leaving a tremendous legacy for the northern Idaho.∑ TRIBUTE TO KATHRYN ALBERT timber industry and as a strong sup- f porter of economic development and a ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I champion for those in need. TRIBUTE TO DOLORES ‘‘DEE’’ recognize the hard work of my Com- John and his identical twin brother, NELSON merce, Science, and Transportation Tom, were co-owners of Idaho Forest ∑ Mr. TESTER. Mr. President, today I Committee intern Kathryn Albert. Industries, IFI, which had its head- wish to honor the bold and Kathryn hails from Ellicott City, MD. quarters in Coeur d’Alene and provided groundbreaking service of Dolores She is an economics major and a cadet more than 450 jobs. It is said to be one ‘‘Dee’’ Nelson. in the Air Force Reserve Officers’ of the largest forest products indus- When Dee was only 20 years old, she Training Corps at the University of tries to make northern Idaho their longed to serve her country in World Maryland, College Park. home throughout the second half of the War II, just like her brothers. She While interning for the Commerce last century. The brothers were com- joined the Women’s Army Air Corps Committee, Kathryn assisted the Sub- mitted to forest stewardship, but in the but, to her disappointment, was placed committee on Consumer Protection, early 1990s, timber industries faced in an office job. That wasn’t what Dee Product Safety, Insurance, and Data falling prices, public challenges against had in mind, and she told her superiors Security. She is a dedicated worker timber harvesting, and less availability that that was not what she signed up who was always willing to take on new of local and Federal timber. IFI sur- for. projects. I extend my sincere thanks vived because of the ingenuity of the Because of Dee’s boldness, she began and appreciation to Kathryn and wish two brothers. They began testing the to get special assignments and, before her continued success in the future.∑ ability to long-haul timber from other long, was promoted to special operator. f regions of the country and Canada, as She passionately tackled every chal- far away as Quebec. lenge and task brought before her. Her TRIBUTE TO PATRICK BINDER Even in the hard times, IFI kept all service took her to the newly opened ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I of its employees on the payroll. Some Pentagon in Washington, DC, where recognize the hard work of my Com- have called IFI the ‘‘best employer in she helped with preparations for the merce, Science, and Transportation the area.’’ Allied landing at Normandy. For this Committee intern Patrick Binder. Pat- When John and his brother decided to mission, she was personally sworn to rick hails from Yankton, SD. He is a retire about the year 2000, IFI was sold secrecy by President Roosevelt. Dec- rising senior history major at Yale to Stimson Lumber Co. of Oregon. ades later, Dee still feels the sacrifice University. John and Tom thought Stimson would of the Allied lives that were lost on the While interning for the Commerce run their company in much the same beaches of Normandy. Committee, Patrick assisted the Sub- way they had run it and would keep At every step of her career in the committee on Surface Transportation most of their workers. Women’s Army Air Corps, Dee faced and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, John was raised in Kootenai County, discrimination and disapproval from Safety, and Security. He is a dedicated ID, and cut his teeth working in his the men she worked alongside. Men worker who was always willing to dad’s lumber mill. would stand in front of her in line-ups tackle new projects. I extend my sin- Even though he was the co-owner of when their superiors would walk by. cere thanks and appreciation to Pat- IFI, John worked for 29 years at Pot- Her superiors refused to put any of her rick and wish him continued success in latch Corp., another lumber company special assignments or accomplish- the future.∑ in northern Idaho. He became chair- ments into her record. After helping f man and CEO and then retired from plan some of the most pivotal moments there in 1999. John, who went to Stan- of the war, her military record unfairly TRIBUTE TO FRANCIS SIMMONS ford University, where he earned a de- downplayed her contributions to our ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I gree in economics and an MBA from Nation. recognize the hard work of my Com- Harvard Business School, was com- After her military service, she used merce, Science, and Transportation mitted to the welfare of others. He was her GI Bill benefits to get a college Committee intern Francis Simmons. known to give jobs to anyone who education. At school, she met her hus- Francis hails from Charleston, SC. He wanted to work and to let the employ- band, Donald, a fellow veteran of the is an international relations and eco- ees work in teams to consider how to U.S. Navy. She continued to buck tra- nomics major and rising sophomore at best accomplish the work in their dition by traveling and working along- Tufts University.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.097 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 While interning for the Commerce S. 2779. An act to amend the Zimbabwe De- titled ‘‘Senior Community Service Employ- Committee, Francis assisted the Sub- mocracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001. ment Program; Performance Account- committee on Communications, Tech- H.R. 4528. An act to make technical amend- ability’’ (RIN1205–AB79) received in the Of- nology, and the Internet. He is a dedi- ments to certain marine fish conservation fice of the President of the Senate on July statutes, and for other purposes. 30, 2018; to the Committee on Health, Edu- cated worker who was always willing H.R. 4645. An act to amend the Wild and cation, Labor, and Pensions. to tackle new projects. I extend my Scenic Rivers Act to designate certain seg- EC–6131. A communication from the Regu- sincere thanks and appreciation to ments of East Rosebud Creek in Carbon lations Coordinator, Centers for Medicare Francis and wish him continued suc- County, Montana, as components of the Wild and Medicaid Services, Department of cess in the future.∑ and Scenic Rivers System. Health and Human Services, transmitting, H.R. 5729. An act to restrict the depart- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled f ment in which the Coast Guard is operating ‘‘Adoption of the Methodology for the HHS- TRIBUTE TO RYAN UDELL from implementing any rule requiring the operated Permanent Risk Adjustment Pro- use of biometric readers for biometric trans- gram under the Patient Protection and Af- ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I portation security cards until after submis- fordable Care Act for the 2017 Benefit Year’’ recognize the hard work of my Com- sion to Congress of the results of an assess- ((RIN0938–AT65) (CMS–9920-F)) received in merce, Science, and Transportation ment of the effectiveness of the transpor- the Office of the President of the Senate on Committee intern Ryan Udell. Ryan tation security card program. July 26, 2018; to the Committee on Health, hails from Ponte Verde Beach, FL. He The enrolled bills were subsequently Education, Labor, and Pensions. EC–6132. A communication from the Chair- is a rising sophomore mechanical engi- signed by the President pro tempore neering major at Rice University. man of the National Transportation Safety (Mr. HATCH). Board, transmitting, pursuant to law, the While interning for the Commerce ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Board’s 2017 Annual Report to Congress; to Committee, Ryan assisted the Sub- At 2:27 p.m., a message from the the Committee on Commerce, Science, and committee on Space, Science, and House of Representatives, delivered by Transportation. Competitiveness, as well as the Sub- Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- f committee on Aviation Operations, nounced that the Speaker pro tempore REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Safety, and Security. He is a dedicated (Mr. MOONEY) has signed the following worker who got the most out of his in- enrolled bill: The following reports of committees ternship. I extend my sincere thanks were submitted: S. 1182. An act to extend the National and appreciation to Ryan and wish him Flood Insurance Program, and for other pur- By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee continued success in the future.∑ poses. on Energy and Natural Resources: Report to accompany S. 930, A bill to re- f The enrolled bill was subsequently quire the Administrator of the Western Area TRIBUTE TO CARSON ZUBKE signed by the President pro tempore Power Administration to establish a pilot (Mr. HATCH). project to provide increased transparency for ∑ Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, today I customers, and for other purposes (Rept. No. f recognize the hard work of my Com- 115–309). merce, Science, and Transportation ENROLLED BILL PRESENTED Report to accompany S. 1030, A bill to re- quire the Federal Energy Regulatory Com- Committee intern Carson Zubke. Car- The Secretary of the Senate reported son hails from Waubay, SD. He is a ris- mission to submit to Congress a report on that on today, July 31, 2018, she had certain hydropower projects (Rept. No. 115– ing sophomore finance major at the presented to the President of the University of South Dakota. 310). United States the following enrolled Report to accompany S. 1142, A bill to ex- While interning for the Commerce bill: tend the deadline for commencement of con- Committee, Carson assisted the Sub- struction of certain hydroelectric projects committee on Consumer Protection, S. 1182. An act to extend the National Flood Insurance Program, and for other pur- (Rept. No. 115–311). Product Safety, Insurance, and Data poses. Report to accompany H.R. 2582, A bill to Security. He is a dedicated worker who authorize the State of Utah to select certain was always willing to tackle new f lands that are available for disposal under projects. I extend my sincere thanks EXECUTIVE AND OTHER the Pony Express Resource Management Plan to be used for the support and benefit of and appreciation to Carson and wish COMMUNICATIONS ∑ State institutions, and for other purposes him continued success in the future. The following communications were (Rept. No. 115–312). f laid before the Senate, together with By Mr. ALEXANDER, from the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT accompanying papers, reports, and doc- uments, and were referred as indicated: with an amendment in the nature of a sub- stitute: Messages from the President of the EC–6127. A communication from the Under United States were communicated to S. 2554. A bill to ensure that health insur- Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readi- ance issuers and group health plans do not the Senate by Ms. Cuccia, one of his ness), transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- prohibit pharmacy providers from providing secretaries. port entitled ‘‘Implementation and Assess- certain information to enrollees. f ment of a Training Curriculum for the Boards for Correction of Military Records’’; f EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED to the Committee on Armed Services. EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF As in executive session the Presiding EC–6128. A communication from the Chief COMMITTEES Privacy Officer, Department of Homeland Officer laid before the Senate messages Security, transmitting, pursuant to law, a The following executive reports of from the President of the United report entitled ‘‘Social Security Number nominations were submitted: States submitting sundry nominations Fraud Prevention Act Report to Congress’’; By Mr. ROBERTS for the Committee on which were referred to the appropriate to the Committees on Finance; and Home- Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. committees. land Security and Governmental Affairs. *Dan Michael Berkovitz, of Maryland, to (The messages received today are EC–6129. A communication from the Direc- be a Commissioner of the Commodity Fu- printed at the end of the Senate pro- tor, Office of Labor-Management Standards, tures Trading Commission for a term expir- ceedings.) Department of Labor, transmitting, pursu- ing April 13, 2023 . ant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Re- *James E. Hubbard, of Colorado, to be f scission of Rule Interpreting ‘Advice’ Exemp- Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural tion in Section 203(c) of the Labor-Manage- Resources and Environment. MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE ment Reporting and Disclosure Act’’ By Mr. INHOFE for Mr. MCCAIN for the ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED (RIN1215–AA07) received in the Office of the Committee on Armed Services. At 10:28 a.m., a message from the President of the Senate on July 26, 2018; to Air Force nomination of Maj. Gen. Chris- House of Representatives, delivered by the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, topher P. Weggeman, to be Lieutenant Gen- and Pensions. eral. Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- EC–6130. A communication from the Dep- Army nomination of Lt. Gen. John M. Mur- nounced that the Speaker pro tempore uty Assistant Secretary for Employment and ray, to be General. (Mr. MOONEY) has signed the following Training, Department of Labor, transmit- Air Force nomination of Lt. Gen. enrolled bills: ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Maryanne Miller, to be General.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.100 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5517 Air Force nomination of Brig. Gen. Steven Army nominations beginning with Royal tify before any duly constituted com- A. Schaick, to be Major General. M. Minor III and ending with Benito E. mittee of the Senate. Air Force nomination of Col. Ronald M. Rodriguez, which nominations were received (Nominations without an asterisk Harvell, to be Brigadier General. by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- were reported with the recommenda- Army nomination of Col. Charles L. sional Record on July 18, 2018. tion that they be confirmed.) Knowles, to be Brigadier General . Army nominations beginning with Edward f Mr. INHOFE for Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. L. Barron, Jr. and ending with Michele M. President, for the Committee on Armed Rich, which nominations were received by INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND Services I report favorably the fol- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- JOINT RESOLUTIONS sional Record on July 18, 2018. lowing nomination lists which were Army nominations beginning with Lori J. The following bills and joint resolu- printed in the RECORD on the dates in- Allert and ending with Lara K. Teran, which tions were introduced, read the first dicated, and ask unanimous consent, to nominations were received by the Senate and and second times by unanimous con- save the expense of reprinting on the appeared in the Congressional Record on sent, and referred as indicated: July 18, 2018. Executive Calendar that these nomina- By Mr. BLUMENTHAL (for himself, Army nominations beginning with Carl W. tions lie at the Secretary’s desk for the Mr. NELSON, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. Adams and ending with John H. Wu, which information of Senators. SCHUMER, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. REED, nominations were received by the Senate and Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without appeared in the Congressional Record on WHITEHOUSE, Mr. CARDIN, Ms. KLO- objection, it is so ordered. July 18, 2018. BUCHAR, Ms. WARREN, Mr. MURPHY, Air Force nominations beginning with Ilda Army nominations beginning with Dawud Ms. HASSAN, Ms. HIRONO, and Mr. Y. Isaza and ending with Yobanka E. Paez- A. A. Agbere and ending with D010823, which BOOKER): Munoz, which nominations were received by nominations were received by the Senate and S. 3300. A bill to amend chapter 44 of title the Senate and appeared in the Congres- appeared in the Congressional Record on 18, United States Code, to ensure that all sional Record on July 18, 2018. July 23, 2018. firearms are traceable, and for other pur- Air Force nomination of Samantha S. Army nomination of Cynthia A. Hopkins, poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Rieger-Pinson, to be Major. to be Colonel. By Mrs. MCCASKILL (for herself and Air Force nominations beginning with Ste- Army nomination of Michael J. Loomis, to ven J. Nordeen and ending with Stephanie E. Ms. DUCKWORTH): be Colonel. S. 3301. A bill to implement recommenda- Wilson, which nominations were received by Army nomination of Latonia M. Mahnke, tions related to the safety of amphibious the Senate and appeared in the Congres- to be Colonel. passenger vessels, and for other purposes; to sional Record on July 23, 2018. Army nomination of Justin A. Evison, to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Army nomination of Kenneth F. Klock, to be Lieutenant Colonel. Transportation. be Colonel. Navy nominations beginning with Kory A. By Mr. BOOZMAN (for himself, Mr. Army nomination of Brandon C. Klink, to Anglesey and ending with Benjamin C. HELLER, and Mr. TESTER): be Colonel. Waite, which nominations were received by S. 3302. A bill to amend title 38, United Army nomination of Burton C. Glover, to the Senate and appeared in the Congres- States Code, to provide for the non-applica- be Colonel. sional Record on July 18, 2018. bility of non-Department of Veterans Affairs Army nomination of Manuel Reyes, Jr., to Navy nominations beginning with David covenants not to compete to the appoint- be Major. W. Alexander and ending with Harold B. ment of physicians in the Veterans Health Army nomination of Emmanuel D. Woodruff, which nominations were received Administration, and for other purposes; to Eisenstein, to be Major. by the Senate and appeared in the Congres- the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. Army nomination of Marshall L. Bartee, to sional Record on July 18, 2018. By Mr. BARRASSO (for himself, Mrs. be Major. Navy nominations beginning with Jona- CAPITO, Mr. DAINES, and Mr. INHOFE): Army nominations beginning with Ethan than D. Albano and ending with James P. S. 3303. A bill to amend the Federal Water P. Carter and ending with Samuel R. Zakar, which nominations were received by Pollution Control Act to make changes with Wetherill IV, which nominations were re- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- respect to water quality certification, and ceived by the Senate and appeared in the sional Record on July 18, 2018. for other purposes; to the Committee on En- Congressional Record on July 18, 2018. Navy nominations beginning with Jane J. vironment and Public Works. Army nominations beginning with Patricia Abanes and ending with Michelle L. West- By Mr. NELSON (for himself, Mr. J. Rasmussen and ending with Kent J. Vince, cott, which nominations were received by SCHUMER, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. which nominations were received by the Sen- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- BLUMENTHAL, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. ate and appeared in the Congressional sional Record on July 18, 2018. MENENDEZ, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. Record on July 18, 2018. Navy nominations beginning with Matthew BROWN, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mrs. MUR- Army nominations beginning with Jeremy S. Bailey and ending with Adam B. Yost, RAY, Mr. MURPHY, Mr. REED, Mr. W. Berndt and ending with Amy M. Ramer, which nominations were received by the Sen- BOOKER, Mr. SCHATZ, Mr. CASEY, Ms. which nominations were received by the Sen- ate and appeared in the Congressional HIRONO, Mr. KAINE, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, ate and appeared in the Congressional Record on July 18, 2018. Ms. HARRIS, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. CARPER, Record on July 18, 2018. Navy nominations beginning with Lynda Ms. SMITH, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. SAND- Army nominations beginning with Scott S. Amell and ending with Chadwick Y. ERS, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Ms. WARREN, M. Everhart and ending with Albert Sohnen, Yasuda, which nominations were received by Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mr. COONS, Ms. HAS- which nominations were received by the Sen- the Senate and appeared in the Congres- SAN, Mr. MERKLEY, and Mr. CARDIN): ate and appeared in the Congressional sional Record on July 18, 2018. S. 3304. A bill to amend chapter 44 of title Record on July 18, 2018. Navy nominations beginning with Laleh 18, United States Code, to prohibit the publi- Army nomination of William Perez, to be Abdolazadeh and ending with Christopher L. cation of 3D printer plans for the printing of Major. Young, which nominations were received by firearms, and for other purposes; to the Com- Army nominations beginning with Robyn the Senate and appeared in the Congres- mittee on the Judiciary. D. Bolgla and ending with Rhonda D. sional Record on July 18, 2018. By Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself and Wynder, which nominations were received by Navy nominations beginning with Lisa L. Mr. BOOKER): the Senate and appeared in the Congres- Abels and ending with Jerry Yuan, which S. 3305. A bill to amend title XVIII of the sional Record on July 18, 2018. nominations were received by the Senate and Social Security Act to establish rules for Army nominations beginning with Michael appeared in the Congressional Record on payment for graduate medical education C. Ampelas and ending with Kurt G. Zimmer, July 18, 2018. (GME) costs for hospitals that establish a which nominations were received by the Sen- Navy nomination of Javier Lopezmartinez, new medical residency training program ate and appeared in the Congressional to be Commander. after hosting resident rotators for short du- Record on July 18, 2018. By Mr. BURR for the Select Committee on rations; to the Committee on Finance. Army nominations beginning with Michael Intelligence. By Mr. NELSON (for himself and Mr. S. Allain and ending with Carmen M. Tuck- Ellen E. McCarthy, of Virginia, to be an TOOMEY): er, which nominations were received by the Assistant Secretary of State (Intelligence S. 3306. A bill to amend title 18, United Senate and appeared in the Congressional and Research). States Code, with regard to stalking; to the Record on July 18, 2018. Joseph Maguire, of Florida, to be Director Committee on the Judiciary. Army nominations beginning with Donna of the National Counterterrorism Center, Of- By Mr. MERKLEY (for himself, Mr. M. Kentley and ending with David J. fice of the Director of National Intelligence. WYDEN, and Mr. BLUMENTHAL): Skelley, Jr., which nominations were re- S. 3307. A bill to create a new Federal ceived by the Senate and appeared in the *Nomination was reported with rec- grant program that provides grants to State Congressional Record on July 18, 2018. ommendation that it be confirmed sub- libraries to allow schools with summer lunch Army nomination of Kimberly D. Dejesus, ject to the nominee’s commitment to programs to keep their libraries open for stu- to be Colonel. respond to requests to appear and tes- dent use during the summer months; to the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:11 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.015 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) was added as a co- (Mr. DONNELLY) and the Senator from Pensions. sponsor of S. 220, a bill to amend title Missouri (Mr. BLUNT) were added as co- By Mr. KAINE: 18, United States Code, to prohibit a sponsors of S. 1084, a bill to amend title S. 3308. A bill to amend the Higher Edu- health care practitioner from failing to 18, United States Code, to require that cation Act of 1965 to provide for teacher and school leader quality enhancement and to exercise the proper degree of care in the Director of the Bureau of Prisons enhance institutional aid; to the Committee the case of a child who survives an ensure that each chief executive officer on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. abortion or attempted abortion. of a Federal penal or correctional insti- By Ms. HASSAN (for herself and Mr. S. 294 tution provides a secure storage area PORTMAN): At the request of Mr. NELSON, the located outside of the secure perimeter S. 3309. A bill to authorize cyber incident name of the Senator from Wyoming of the Federal penal or correctional in- response teams at the Department of Home- (Mr. BARRASSO) was added as a cospon- stitution for firearms carried by cer- land Security, and for other purposes; to the tain employees of the Bureau of Pris- Committee on Homeland Security and Gov- sor of S. 294, a bill to amend the Fed- ernmental Affairs. eral Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to ons, and for other purposes. By Mr. BENNET (for himself and Mr. clarify the Food and Drug Administra- S. 1318 CRAPO): tion’s jurisdiction over certain tobacco At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the S. 3310. A bill to require the Secretary of products, and to protect jobs and small name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. Labor to award grants to organizations for businesses involved in the sale, manu- MERKLEY) was added as a cosponsor of the provision of transition assistance to facturing and distribution of tradi- S. 1318, a bill to protect the rights of members of the Armed Forces who are sepa- tional and premium cigars. rated, retired, or discharged from the Armed passengers with disabilities in air Forces, and spouses of such members, and for S. 351 transportation, and for other purposes. other purposes; to the Committee on Vet- At the request of Mr. HATCH, the S. 1413 erans’ Affairs. name of the Senator from Wyoming At the request of Mr. COONS, the By Mr. BLUMENTHAL (for himself, (Mr. BARRASSO) was added as a cospon- names of the Senator from Oklahoma Mr. GRAHAM, and Mr. WHITEHOUSE): sor of S. 351, a bill to amend the Higher (Mr. INHOFE) and the Senator from Ala- S. 3311. A bill to amend title 18, United Education Act of 1965 to provide for bama (Mr. JONES) were added as co- States Code, to prohibit interference with comprehensive student achievement sponsors of S. 1413, a bill to authorize voting systems under the Computer Fraud information. and Abuse Act; to the Committee on the Ju- the Secretary of Education to award diciary. S. 681 grants to establish teacher leader de- By Mr. MERKLEY: At the request of Mr. TESTER, the velopment programs. S. 3312. A bill to suspend proposed rule- name of the Senator from Michigan S. 1509 making signed by former Administrator of (Mr. PETERS) was added as a cosponsor At the request of Mr. HATCH, the the Environmental Protection Agency Scott of S. 681, a bill to amend title 38, Pruitt, and for other purposes; to the Com- name of the Senator from Indiana (Mr. United States Code, to improve the DONNELLY) was added as a cosponsor of mittee on Environment and Public Works. benefits and services provided by the By Mr. SANDERS: S. 1509, a bill to amend the Federal S. 3313. A bill to improve dental care pro- Department of Veterans Affairs to Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to au- vided to veterans by the Department of Vet- women veterans, and for other pur- thorize an extension of exclusivity pe- erans Affairs, and for other purposes; to the poses. riods for certain drugs that are ap- Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. S. 817 proved for a new indication for a rare By Ms. HARRIS (for herself, Mr. CAR- At the request of Mr. CASEY, the disease or condition, and for other pur- PER, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. MENENDEZ, names of the Senator from New York Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. KLO- poses. (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) and the Senator BUCHAR, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Ms. WARREN, S. 1596 from Wisconsin (Ms. BALDWIN) were Mr. MERKLEY, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. At the request of Mr. PETERS, the added as cosponsors of S. 817, a bill to PETERS, Mr. KAINE, Mr. BOOKER, Ms. name of the Senator from Massachu- amend the Internal Revenue Code of SMITH, Mr. BENNET, Ms. HIRONO, Ms. setts (Ms. WARREN) was added as a co- 1986 to increase the age requirement CORTEZ MASTO, and Mr. BROWN): sponsor of S. 1596, a bill to amend title S. 3314. A bill to improve Federal data col- with respect to eligibility for qualified 38, United States Code, to increase cer- lection by requiring the collection of infor- ABLE programs. tain funeral benefits for veterans, and mation on sexual orientation and gender S. 910 identity in the decennial census and the for other purposes. At the request of Mr. SCHUMER, the American Community Survey; to the Com- name of the Senator from Washington S. 2114 mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, the (Ms. CANTWELL) was added as a cospon- mental Affairs. name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. By Mr. MERKLEY (for himself and Mr. sor of S. 910, a bill to prohibit discrimi- DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor WYDEN): nation against individuals with disabil- S. 3315. A bill to allow for the taking of ities who need long-term services and of S. 2114, a bill to award a Congres- pinnipeds on the Columbia River and its trib- supports, and for other purposes. sional Gold Medal to the 5307th Com- utaries to protect endangered and threatened posite Unit (Provisional), commonly S. 1023 species of salmon and other nonlisted fish known as ‘‘Merrill’s Marauders’’, in At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the species; to the Committee on Commerce, recognition of their bravery and out- name of the Senator from Delaware Science, and Transportation. standing service in the jungles of (Mr. CARPER) was added as a cosponsor f Burma during World War II. of S. 1023, a bill to reauthorize the SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND Tropical Forest Conservation Act of S. 2296 SENATE RESOLUTIONS 1998 through fiscal year 2021, and for At the request of Mr. JOHNSON, the name of the Senator from Texas (Mr. The following concurrent resolutions other purposes. S. 1050 CRUZ) was added as a cosponsor of S. and Senate resolutions were read, and 2296, a bill to increase access to agency referred (or acted upon), as indicated: At the request of Ms. DUCKWORTH, the names of the Senator from guidance documents. By Ms. HIRONO (for herself and Mr. S. 2823 CARDIN): Vermont (Mr. LEAHY) and the Senator S. Res. 600. A resolution recognizing July from Georgia (Mr. ISAKSON) were added At the request of Mr. HATCH, the 28, 2018, as ‘‘World Hepatitis Day’’; to the as cosponsors of S. 1050, a bill to award names of the Senator from Oklahoma Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and a Congressional Gold Medal, collec- (Mr. INHOFE) and the Senator from Pensions. tively, to the Chinese-American Vet- South Dakota (Mr. THUNE) were added f erans of World War II, in recognition of as cosponsors of S. 2823, a bill to mod- their dedicated service during World ernize copyright law, and for other pur- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS War II. poses. S. 220 S. 1084 S. 2956 At the request of Mr. SASSE, the At the request of Mr. TOOMEY, the At the request of Mr. WICKER, the name of the Senator from Mississippi names of the Senator from Indiana name of the Senator from Mississippi

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.014 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE July 31, 2018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5519 (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) was added as a co- S. 3266 and related agencies for the fiscal year sponsor of S. 2956, a bill to intensify At the request of Mr. JONES, the ending September 30, 2019, and for stem cell research showing evidence of name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr. other purposes. substantial clinical benefit to patients, ISAKSON) was added as a cosponsor of S. AMENDMENT NO. 3524 and for other purposes. 3266, a bill to require a study of the At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the S. 2957 well-being of the United States auto- names of the Senator from Alabama At the request of Mr. CRAPO, the motive industry and to stay the inves- (Mr. JONES) and the Senator from Mas- name of the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. tigation into the national security ef- sachusetts (Ms. WARREN) were added as SCHATZ) was added as a cosponsor of S. fects of automotive imports until the cosponsors of amendment No. 3524 in- 2957, a bill to amend the Horse Protec- study is completed, and for other pur- tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a tion Act to designate additional unlaw- poses. bill making appropriations for the De- ful acts under the Act, strengthen pen- S. 3273 partment of the Interior, environment, alties for violations of the Act, im- At the request of Mr. WICKER, the and related agencies for the fiscal year prove Department of Agriculture en- name of the Senator from Wisconsin ending September 30, 2019, and for forcement of the Act, and for other (Ms. BALDWIN) was added as a cospon- other purposes. purposes. sor of S. 3273, a bill to improve the AMENDMENT NO. 3532 S. 3029 safety, efficiency, and reliability of the At the request of Mr. MENENDEZ, the At the request of Mr. ALEXANDER, the movement of goods through ports and name of the Senator from Rhode Island name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. intermodal connections to ports, and (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) was added as a co- DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor for other purposes. sponsor of amendment No. 3532 in- tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a of S. 3029, a bill to revise and extend S. 3275 bill making appropriations for the De- the Prematurity Research Expansion At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the and Education for Mothers who deliver partment of the Interior, environment, name of the Senator from Massachu- and related agencies for the fiscal year Infants Early Act (PREEMIE Act). setts (Ms. WARREN) was added as a co- S. 3057 ending September 30, 2019, and for sponsor of S. 3275, a bill to amend the other purposes. At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 to AMENDMENT NO. 3600 name of the Senator from South Caro- ensure appropriate congressional re- lina (Mr. GRAHAM) was added as a co- At the request of Mr. BROWN, the view and the continued applicability of name of the Senator from Mississippi sponsor of S. 3057, a bill to provide for sanctions under the Sergei Magnitsky (Mr. WICKER) was added as a cosponsor the processing by U.S. Customs and Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012. Border Protection of certain inter- of amendment No. 3600 intended to be S. RES. 571 national mail shipments and to require proposed to H.R. 6147, a bill making ap- At the request of Mr. MENENDEZ, the the provision of advance electronic in- propriations for the Department of the name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. formation on international mail ship- Interior, environment, and related DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor ments of mail. agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- of S. Res. 571, a resolution condemning tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes. S. 3113 the ongoing illegal occupation of Cri- AMENDMENT NO. 3608 At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the mea by the Russian Federation. name of the Senator from Massachu- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the S. RES. 572 names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. setts (Ms. WARREN) was added as a co- DURBIN), the Senator from Washington sponsor of S. 3113, a bill to promote At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the (Mrs. MURRAY), the Senator from Illi- dairy product innovation, including in name of the Senator from West Vir- nois (Ms. DUCKWORTH), the Senator specialty cheese, and value-added dairy ginia (Mr. MANCHIN) was added as a co- from California (Mrs. FEINSTEIN), the product development for the economic sponsor of S. Res. 572, a resolution sup- Senator from Maryland (Mr. VAN HOL- benefit of United States dairy farmers porting the officers and personnel who LEN), the Senator from Ohio (Mr. and their communities. carry out the important mission of U.S. Immigration and Customs En- BROWN), the Senator from Washington S. 3143 forcement. (Ms. CANTWELL), the Senator from New At the request of Mr. THUNE, the AMENDMENT NO. 3459 Mexico (Mr. UDALL), the Senator from names of the Senator from Colorado Minnesota (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) and the (Mr. GARDNER) and the Senator from At the request of Ms. HEITKAMP, the name of the Senator from Massachu- Senator from Minnesota (Ms. SMITH) California (Ms. HARRIS) were added as were added as cosponsors of amend- cosponsors of S. 3143, a bill to provide setts (Ms. WARREN) was added as a co- sponsor of amendment No. 3459 in- ment No. 3608 proposed to H.R. 6147, a for a coordinated Federal program to bill making appropriations for the De- accelerate quantum research and de- tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a bill making appropriations for the De- partment of the Interior, environment, velopment for the economic and na- and related agencies for the fiscal year partment of the Interior, environment, tional security of the United States. ending September 30, 2019, and for and related agencies for the fiscal year S. 3247 other purposes. At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the ending September 30, 2019, and for other purposes. AMENDMENT NO. 3609 name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the MERKLEY) was added as a cosponsor of AMENDMENT NO. 3464 names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. S. 3247, a bill to improve programs and At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the DURBIN), the Senator from Washington activities relating to women’s entre- name of the Senator from Washington (Mrs. MURRAY), the Senator from Illi- preneurship and economic empower- (Ms. CANTWELL) was added as a cospon- nois (Ms. DUCKWORTH), the Senator ment that are carried out by the sor of amendment No. 3464 intended to from California (Mrs. FEINSTEIN), the United States Agency for International be proposed to H.R. 6147, a bill making Senator from Maryland (Mr. VAN HOL- Development, and for other purposes. appropriations for the Department of LEN), the Senator from Ohio (Mr. S. 3257 the Interior, environment, and related BROWN) and the Senator from Wash- At the request of Mr. CRUZ, the agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- ington (Ms. CANTWELL) were added as names of the Senator from Mississippi tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes. cosponsors of amendment No. 3609 in- (Mr. WICKER), the Senator from Maine AMENDMENT NO. 3477 tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a (Ms. COLLINS) and the Senator from At the request of Mr. WICKER, the bill making appropriations for the De- Mississippi (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) were names of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. partment of the Interior, environment, added as cosponsors of S. 3257, a bill to MORAN) and the Senator from New and related agencies for the fiscal year impose sanctions on foreign persons re- Hampshire (Ms. HASSAN) were added as ending September 30, 2019, and for sponsible for serious violations of cosponsors of amendment No. 3477 in- other purposes. international law regarding the protec- tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a AMENDMENT NO. 3610 tion of civilians during armed conflict, bill making appropriations for the De- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the and for other purposes. partment of the Interior, environment, names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.017 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 DURBIN), the Senator from Washington STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED tion training and require States to (Mrs. MURRAY), the Senator from Illi- BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS identify areas of teacher or leader nois (Ms. DUCKWORTH), the Senator By Mr. KAINE: shortages by subject across public from California (Mrs. FEINSTEIN), the S. 3308. A bill to amend the Higher schools and use that data to target Senator from Maryland (Mr. VAN HOL- Education Act of 1965 to provide for their efforts. Additionally, the PREP LEN), the Senator from Ohio (Mr. teacher and school leader quality en- Act increases support for teacher prep- BROWN), the Senator from Washington hancement and to enhance institu- aration programs at Minority Serving (Ms. CANTWELL), the Senator from New tional aid; to the Committee on Institutions (MSIs) or Historically Mexico (Mr. UDALL), the Senator from Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- Black Colleges and Universities Minnesota (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) and the sions. (HBCUs) to support a diverse and well- Senator from Minnesota (Ms. SMITH) Mr. KAINE. Mr. President. As the prepared educator workforce. were added as cosponsors of amend- skills students need to be successful in The improvement of our country’s ment No. 3610 intended to be proposed the 21st century evolve, so too must educational system lies in our ability to H.R. 6147, a bill making appropria- the type of instruction they receive. to prepare, support, and retain quality tions for the Department of the Inte- Educators must provide educational educators. When teachers and school rior, environment, and related agencies opportunities that teach to the chal- leaders are equipped with the knowl- for the fiscal year ending September 30, lenging State academic standards that edge and tools they need to succeed, 2019, and for other purposes. meet the needs of an increasingly di- they are more likely to stay in their AMENDMENT NO. 3611 verse student population. At the start roles and positively impact young peo- At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the of every school year we see the same ple and their communities. As we move name of the Senator from Connecticut news headlines about exploding class towards the reauthorization of the (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- sizes and districts facing unfillable Higher Education Act, I hope that my sponsor of amendment No. 3611 in- openings. Teacher and principal short- colleagues on both sides of the aisle see tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a ages plague the whole country, and are the PREP Act as a commonsense op- bill making appropriations for the De- worst in our rural communities, but portunity to help ensure that students partment of the Interior, environment, it’s a problem we can solve. in every zip code across the country and related agencies for the fiscal year In 2015–16, more than half of U.S. have access to t well-prepared teachers ending September 30, 2019, and for States reported shortages of educators and school leaders they deserve. other purposes. in mathematics, science, career and f technical education and for English AMENDMENT NO. 3612 learners. Further, 48 States identified SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the special education as a shortage area in name of the Senator from Connecticut their reports to the U.S. Department of (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- SENATE RESOLUTION 600—RECOG- Education and half of all schools and sponsor of amendment No. 3612 in- NIZING JULY 28, 2018, AS ‘‘WORLD 90% of high-poverty schools are strug- tended to be proposed to H.R. 6147, a HEPATITIS DAY’’ gling to find qualified special edu- bill making appropriations for the De- cation teachers. If current trends con- Ms. HIRONO (for herself and Mr. partment of the Interior, environment, tinue, we would see as few as 200,000 CARDIN) submitted the following reso- and related agencies for the fiscal year available teacher hires each year by lution; which was referred to the Com- ending September 30, 2019, and for 2025, resulting in a gap of more than mittee on Health, Education, Labor, other purposes. 100,000 teachers annually. and Pensions: AMENDMENT NO. 3641 Additionally, in public schools today, S. RES. 600 At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the the majority of the student population Whereas hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and the name of the Senator from Alabama is comprised of students of color; how- incidence of liver disease caused by such vi- (Mr. JONES) was added as a cosponsor ever, teachers of color only comprised ruses have become urgent problems of a glob- of amendment No. 3641 intended to be 20% of the teacher workforce in 2015–16. al proportion; Whereas, worldwide, an estimated— proposed to H.R. 6147, a bill making ap- African American teachers made up propriations for the Department of the (1) 1,340,000 people die each year due to hep- more than 8% of teachers in 1987, but atitis; Interior, environment, and related only made up 6.7% in 2015. It is critical (2) 257,000,000 people live with chronic hepa- agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- for our teaching workforce to grow titis B; tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes. more reflective of the population of (3) 887,000 people die each year mostly due AMENDMENT NO. 3670 students it serves. to a liver-related illness caused by hepatitis At the request of Mr. CORNYN, the B; This is why I am pleased to introduce (4) 71,000,000 people are chronically infected names of the Senator from Wisconsin today the Preparing and Retaining with hepatitis C; and (Ms. BALDWIN), the Senator from Okla- Education Professionals Act, or PREP (5) 399,000 people die each year due to a homa (Mr. INHOFE), the Senator from Act. The PREP Act aims to increase liver-related illness caused by hepatitis C; Arkansas (Mr. BOOZMAN), the Senator access to high-quality teacher and Whereas, in the United States, an esti- from Michigan (Mr. PETERS), the Sen- leader preparation, diversify the teach- mated— ator from Florida (Mr. RUBIO), the Sen- er workforce, and address the signifi- (1) 5,700,000 people are infected with hepa- titis B or hepatitis C; ator from Iowa (Mr. GRASSLEY) and the cant national teacher and school short- (2) 2,200,000 people are chronically infected Senator from Arkansas (Mr. COTTON) ages. More specifically, this legislation with hepatitis B; and were added as cosponsors of amend- would expand the definition of ‘‘high (3) 3,500,000 people are chronically infected ment No. 3670 proposed to H.R. 6147, a need’’ districts under the Every Stu- with hepatitis C; bill making appropriations for the De- dent Succeeds Act (ESSA) to include Whereas the Centers for Disease Control partment of the Interior, environment, those experiencing teacher shortages in and Prevention (referred to in this preamble and related agencies for the fiscal year rural communities and in areas such as as the ‘‘CDC’’) estimates that, in 2016, there ending September 30, 2019, and for were 20,900 new acute hepatitis B infections special education, English language, and 41,200 new acute hepatitis C infections in other purposes. science, technology, engineering, the United States; AMENDMENT NO. 3676 math, and CTE, to allow for access to Whereas the CDC has found significant in- At the request of Ms. HEITKAMP, the additional support and improvement. It creases in the amount of new hepatitis cases name of the Senator from North Da- would also encourage school districts in the United States since 2010, including a kota (Mr. HOEVEN) was added as a co- to create partnerships with local com- 3.5-fold increase between 2010 and 2016 in re- sponsor of amendment No. 3676 pro- munity colleges and universities to en- ported cases of acute hepatitis C infections; posed to H.R. 6147, a bill making appro- sure their programs are educating fu- Whereas chronic viral hepatitis claims thousands of lives each year in the United priations for the Department of the In- ture teachers in areas where there is a States, with an estimated 18,153 deaths due terior, environment, and related agen- shortage of educators. It would in- to hepatitis C in 2016; cies for the fiscal year ending Sep- crease access to teacher and school Whereas, between 2015 and 2020, there is es- tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes. leader residency programs and prepara- timated to be $136,000,000,000 in hepatitis C

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drug spending from all payers, and govern- SA 3684. Mr. MORAN (for Mr. COONS (for further, That after calculating the distribu- ment payers would fund $61,000,000,000, an es- himself and Mr. CARPER)) proposed an tion of obligation limitation for Federal-aid timated 45 percent of such spending; amendment to amendment SA 3666 proposed highways for fiscal year 2019 under section Whereas an estimated 80 percent of people by Mr. COONS (for himself and Mr. CARPER) 120(a), the obligation limitation shall be re- with acute Hepatitis C do not have any to the amendment SA 3399 proposed by Mr. duced by $52,000,000 to a total of symptoms; SHELBY to the bill H.R. 6147, supra. $45,216,596,000: Provided further, That the re- Whereas African Americans, Asian Ameri- SA 3685. Mr. BROWN submitted an amend- duction in the preceding proviso shall be ap- cans, Pacific Islanders, Latinos, Native ment intended to be proposed to amendment plied to the obligation limitation determined Americans, Alaska Natives, gay and bisexual SA 3399 proposed by Mr. SHELBY to the bill under section 120(a)(4) for the TIFIA program men, and people who inject drugs intra- H.R. 6147, supra; which was ordered to lie on (as defined in section 601(a) of title 23, United venously have higher rates of chronic viral the table. States Code)’’. hepatitis infections in the United States SA 3686. Mr. BENNET submitted an amend- than other groups of people; ment intended to be proposed to amendment SA 3685. Mr. BROWN submitted an Whereas Asian Americans and Pacific Is- SA 3674 submitted by Mr. BENNET and in- amendment intended to be proposed to landers bear the greatest burden of hepatitis tended to be proposed to the amendment SA amendment SA 3399 proposed by Mr. B-related deaths in the United States; 3399 proposed by Mr. SHELBY to the bill H.R. SHELBY to the bill H.R. 6147, making Whereas hepatitis C is 10 times more infec- 6147, supra; which was ordered to lie on the appropriations for the Department of tious than human immunodeficiency virus table. the Interior, environment, and related (referred to in this preamble as ‘‘HIV’’); f Whereas hepatitis B is 50 to 100 times more agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- infectious than HIV; TEXT OF AMENDMENTS tember 30, 2019, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; Whereas an estimated 25 percent of people SA 3683. Mr. COONS (for himself and who live in the United States and are in- as follows: Mr. CARPER) submitted an amendment fected with HIV are also infected with hepa- At the appropriate place, insert the fol- titis C; intended to be proposed to amendment lowing: Whereas, while life expectancies for indi- SA 3666 proposed by Mr. COONS (for SEC. ll. (a) In this section— viduals infected with HIV have increased himself and Mr. CARPER) to the amend- (1) the term ‘‘Association’’ means the with antiretroviral treatment, liver disease, ment SA 3399 proposed by Mr. SHELBY International Development Association; and which is commonly related to hepatitis B to the bill H.R. 6147, making appropria- (2) the term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Se- and hepatitis C infections, has become the tions for the Department of the Inte- curities and Exchange Commission. most common cause of death among HIV-in- (b)(1) Subject to subsection (c), any secu- rior, environment, and related agencies rity issued by the Association, including any fected individuals that is not related to ac- for the fiscal year ending September 30, quired immune deficiency syndrome; guaranty by the Association (without regard Whereas, despite the fact that chronic 2019, and for other purposes; which was to whether the guaranty is limited in scope), viral hepatitis is the most common blood- ordered to lie on the table; as follows: and any security guaranteed by the Associa- borne infection in the United States, more On page 2, line 4, strike ‘‘Provided’’ and all tion with respect to principal and interest than half of the people living with hepatitis that follows through ‘‘amount’’ on line 9 and shall be considered to be an exempted secu- B and hepatitis C are unaware of their infec- insert the following: ‘‘Provided further, That rity under section 3(a)(2) of the Securities tions; after calculating the distribution of obliga- Act of 1933 (15 U.S.C. 77c(a)(2)) and section Whereas hepatitis B is preventable through tion limitation for Federal-aid highways for 3(a)(12) of the Securities Exchange Act of vaccination, and both hepatitis B and hepa- fiscal year 2019 under section 120(a), the obli- 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(12)). titis C are preventable with proper public gation limitation shall be reduced by (2) The Association shall submit to the health interventions, including programs $52,000,000 to a total of $45,216,596,000: Pro- Commission any annual and other report that offer access to sterile injection equip- vided further, That the reduction in the pre- with respect to the securities described in ment for people who inject drugs intra- ceding proviso shall be applied to the obliga- paragraph (1) as the Commission determines venously; tion limitation determined under section to be— Whereas the goals of ‘‘World Hepatitis 120(a)(4) for the TIFIA program (as defined in (A) appropriate considering the special Day’’ on July 28, 2018, are to— section 601(a) of title 23, United States Code): character of the Association and the oper- (1) highlight the global nature of chronic Provided further, That the 3 preceding pro- ations of the Association; and viral hepatitis epidemics; visos shall be applied as if in effect during (B) necessary in the public interest or for (2) recognize that hepatitis can be pre- fiscal year 2018’’. the protection of investors. vented and eliminated, in part, through a (c) The Commission, in consultation with the National Advisory Council on Inter- comprehensive public education and aware- SA 3684. Mr. MORAN (for Mr. COONS national Monetary and Financial Problems, ness campaign designed to identify those at (for himself and Mr. CARPER)) proposed risk for, and living with, hepatitis; may suspend the application of subsection (3) inform patients about new treatments an amendment to amendment SA 3666 (a) at any time with respect to any security that are available for hepatitis; and proposed by Mr. COONS (for himself and issued or guaranteed by the Association dur- (4) help increase the length and quality of Mr. CARPER) to the amendment SA 3399 ing the period of the suspension. life for people diagnosed with chronic hepa- proposed by Mr. SHELBY to the bill H.R. (d) The Commission shall submit to Con- titis B and hepatitis C infections: Now, 6147, making appropriations for the De- gress an annual report that contains any in- therefore, be it partment of the Interior, environment, formation that the Commission determines Resolved, That the Senate— to be appropriate with respect to the oper- (1) recognizes World Hepatitis Day; and related agencies for the fiscal year ation and effect of this section. (2) supports broad access to hepatitis B and ending September 30, 2019, and for hepatitis C treatments; other purposes; as follows: SA 3686. Mr. BENNET submitted an (3) supports raising awareness of the risks On page 1, line 2, strike ‘‘That’’ and all amendment intended to be proposed to and consequences of undiagnosed chronic that follows through ‘‘amount’’ on page 2, amendment SA 3674 submitted by Mr. hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections; and line 9, and insert the following: ‘‘That such BENNET and intended to be proposed to (4) calls for a robust governmental and sums provided for national infrastructure in- the amendment SA 3399 proposed by public health response to protect the health vestments for passenger rail transportation Mr. SHELBY to the bill H.R. 6147, mak- of the approximately 5,700,000 people in the projects under title I of division C of the United States and 328,000,000 people world- Consolidated and Further Continuing Appro- ing appropriations for the Department wide who have hepatitis. priations Act, 2012 (Public Law 112–55; 125 of the Interior, environment, and re- f Stat. 641), shall remain available for expendi- lated agencies for the fiscal year end- ture through fiscal year 2019 for the liquida- ing September 30, 2019, and for other AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND tion of valid obligations of active grants in- purposes; which was ordered to lie on PROPOSED curred in fiscal year 2012: Provided further, the table; as follows: SA 3683. Mr. COONS (for himself and Mr. That such sums provided for national infra- Beginning on page 2, strike line 6 and all CARPER) submitted an amendment intended structure investments for port infrastruc- that follows through page 3, line 11, and in- to be proposed to amendment SA 3666 pro- ture projects under title VIII of division F of sert the following: posed by Mr. COONS (for himself and Mr. CAR- the Consolidated and Further Continuing (b) In carrying out the study under sub- PER) to the amendment SA 3399 proposed by Appropriations Act, 2013 (Public Law 113–6; section (a), the Secretary of Transportation Mr. SHELBY to the bill H.R. 6147, making ap- 127 Stat. 432) shall remain available through shall consult with— propriations for the Department of the Inte- fiscal year 2020 for the liquidation of valid (1) the Intelligent Transportation Systems rior, environment, and related agencies for obligations of active grants incurred in fiscal Joint Program Office of the Department of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2019, and year 2013: Provided further, That the 2 pre- Transportation; for other purposes; which was ordered to lie ceding provisos shall be applied as if they (2) the Vehicles Technologies Office of the on the table. were in effect on September 30, 2018: Provided Department of Energy;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Aug 01, 2018 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A31JY6.022 S31JYPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE July 31, 2018 (3) relevant National Laboratories (as de- of the Senate on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, DEPARTMENT OF STATE fined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing. JUDY RISING REINKE, OF VIRGINIA, A CAREER MEM- 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)); BER OF THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF CA- SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT, AGENCY ACTION, (4) the Office of Air and Radiation of the REER MINISTER, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY FEDERAL RIGTHS AND FEDERAL COURTS AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF Environmental Protection Agency; AMERICA TO MONTENEGRO. (5) relevant State, regional, and local plan- The Subcommittee on Oversight, LUCY TAMLYN, OF NEW YORK, A CAREER MEMBER OF ning commissions and governments; and Agency Action, Federal Rights and THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE, CLASS OF MINISTER- COUNSELOR, TO BE AMBASSADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND (6) relevant nonprofit organizations. Federal Courts of the Committee on PLENIPOTENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (c) In making the study under subsection the Judiciary is authorized to meet TO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. (a) publicly ADRIAN ZUCKERMAN, OF NEW JERSEY, TO BE AMBAS- during the session of the Senate on SADOR EXTRAORDINARY AND PLENIPOTENTIARY OF f Tuesday, July 31, 2018, at 2:15 p.m., to THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO ROMANIA. AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO conduct a hearing. RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD MEET f ERHARD R. CHORLE, OF ILLINOIS, TO BE A MEMBER OF THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD FOR A TERM EXPIR- Mr. INOHFE. Mr. President, I have 7 PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR ING AUGUST 28, 2022, VICE MICHAEL SCHWARTZ, RE- requests for committees to meet during SIGNED. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS today’s session of the Senate. They Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, I ask have the approval of the Majority and unanimous consent that the following JAMES PAUL GFRERER, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE AN AS- individuals be granted floor privileges SISTANT SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (INFORMA- Minority leaders. TION AND TECHNOLOGY), VICE LAVERNE HORTON COUN- Pursuant to Rule XXVI, paragraph for the remainder of the Congress: Shae CIL. 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- McCulloch and Melissa Dickerson. IN THE AIR FORCE The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate, the following committees are au- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT objection, it is so ordered. AS CHIEF OF AIR FORCE RESERVE AND APPOINTMENT TO thorized to meet during today’s session THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL IN THE RESERVE of the Senate: f OF THE AIR FORCE WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND ORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, U.S.C., SECTIONS 601 AND 8038: FORESTRY AUGUST 1, 2018 To be lieutenant general The Committee on Agriculture, Nu- Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, I ask MAJ. GEN. RICHARD W. SCOBEE trition, and Forestry is authorized to IN THE ARMY meet during the session of the Senate unanimous consent that when the Sen- ate completes its business today, it ad- THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, to conduct a THE UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN business meeting and hearing on the journ until 10 a.m., Wednesday, August THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: following nominations: Dan Michael 1; further, that following the prayer To be brigadier general Berkovitz, of Maryland, to be a Com- and pledge, the morning hour be missioner of the Commodity Futures deemed expired, the Journal of pro- COL. ANTHONY H. ADRIAN ceedings be approved to date, the time THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT Trading Commission, and James E. IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED Hubbard, of Colorado, to be Under Sec- for the two leaders be reserved for their WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND retary of Agriculture for Natural Re- use later in the day, and morning busi- RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: To be lieutenant general sources and Environment. ness be closed. I further ask that fol- lowing leader remarks, the Senate re- MAJ. GEN. JAMES E. RAINEY COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS sume consideration of H.R. 6147 under THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT The Committee on Foreign Relations the previous order. IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED is authorized to meet during the ses- WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: sion of the Senate on Tuesday, July 31, objection? To be lieutenant general 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a hearing Without objection, it is so ordered. MAJ. GEN. THOMAS S. JAMES, JR. on the following nominations: Michael THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT A. Hammer, of Maryland, to be Ambas- f IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: sador to the Democratic Republic of ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. To be colonel the Congo, Kyle McCarter, of Illinois, TOMORROW to be Ambassador to the Republic of ADAM R. LIBERMAN Kenya, Stephanie Sanders Sullivan, of Mr. MORAN. Mr. President, if there THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF is no further business to come before THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO Maryland, to be Ambassador to the Re- THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY public of Ghana, and Donald R. Tapia, the Senate, I ask unanimous consent UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: of Arizona, to be Ambassador to Ja- that it stand adjourned under the pre- To be colonel vious order. maica, all of the Department of State. JEFFREY A. BRUCE There being no objection, the Senate, EDWARD P. BUTLER COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, at 8:14 p.m., adjourned until Wednes- DOUGLAS D. CLAY II AND PENSIONS MICHAEL W. DUPLECHAIN day, August 1, 2018, at 10 a.m. JOHN D. FULK The Committee on Health, Edu- JOSEPH A. HOPKINS III cation, Labor, and Pensions is author- f GEORGE W. HORSLEY WILLIAM C. HUMMER ized to meet during the session of the NOMINATIONS KRIS J. MARSHALL Senate on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, at 10 MURRY B. MCCULLOUCH a.m., to conduct a hearing. Executive nominations received by CHRISTOPHER S. MCKEE the Senate: JUSTIN W. OSBERG COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY DAVID M. PIDONE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE STEVEN T. RIVERA The Committee on the Judiciary is CHRISTOPHER J. WESKAMP authorized to meet during the session THOMAS F. GILMAN, OF ARIZONA, TO BE AN ASSISTANT COREY L. WISE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, VICE ELLEN C. HERBST, RE- CARL A. YOUNG of the Senate on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, SIGNED. PATRICK A. YOUNG at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing. THOMAS F. GILMAN, OF ARIZONA, TO BE CHIEF FINAN- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR REGULAR AP- CIAL OFFICER, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, VICE POINTMENT IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE ELLEN C. HERBST, RESIGNED. STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: The Select Committee on Intel- DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY To be lieutenant colonel ligence is authorized to meet during WILLIAM COOPER, OF MARYLAND, TO BE GENERAL TYLER Q. HEMMERICH the session of the Senate on Tuesday, COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, VICE STE- JOHN P. MCLAIN VEN CROLEY, RESIGNED. July 31, 2018, at 2:30 p.m., to conduct a ANTHONY J. STRUZIK closed business meeting. NORTHERN BORDER REGIONAL COMMISSION To be major HAROLD B. PARKER, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, TO BE FED- CATRINA M. BAKER SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATION, ERAL COCHAIRPERSON OF THE NORTHERN BORDER RE- ELIAS B. GONZALEZ TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION, AND THE INTERNET GIONAL COMMISSION, VICE MARK SCARANO, RESIGNED. FREDERIC M. PALLEZ The Subcommittee on Communica- UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT AS PERMANENT PROFESSOR AT THE UNITED STATES tion, Technology, Innovation, and The DEVELOPMENT MILITARY ACADEMY IN THE GRADE INDICATED UNDER Internet of the Committee on Com- RICHARD C. PARKER, OF NORTH CAROLINA, TO BE AN TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 4333(B) AND 4336(A): merce, Science, and Transportation is ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR OF THE UNITED STATES To be colonel AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, VICE T. authorized to meet during the session CHARLES COOPER, RESIGNED. DAVID M. BARNES

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THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JOSHUA D. SMITH RHIANNON E. JONES TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY KRISTIE J. SMITH JESSICA L. KAMINSKI NURSE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND TONITA C. SMITH CALVIN R. KING 3064: JADE N. SNADER WILLIAM R. KIRBY GABRIEL L. SOSA JUDY S. KIRNON To be major OWEN T. STAILEY NATHAN A. KISER LEAH R. STANLEY JOSEPH M. KOENNECKE BROOKE R. ADAMS JOHN C. M. TAGAVILLA DOUGLAS P. KUHLMAN JUSTIN M. ADAMS ALEX D. TATONE BRITTANY D. LATIMER HEIDI M. ALFORD DOROTHY G. TRIMMER ELIZABETH F. LAZZARI JENNY E. ALLEN JAMES C. UREGEN ZACHARY M. LEFTWICH EILEEN BABON DEBRA A. VALDIVIESO EDER LEMUS HEATHER S. BANGERTER SANTWON WALKER PARTSON MARADZIKA RYAN J. BAUTISTA JAMES R. WATERS JOHN P. MARTIN ERINN C. BENSON WALTER A. WATSON, JR. DONTEAU M. MAZONE ERICA L. BIANCHE SHARON F. WEAVER AMANDA E. L. MCCABE LATOYA G. BLADE SARAH L. WEIR JENNIFER E. MCCALL ASHLEY Y. BRADLEY DOUGLAS M. WESTBROOK, JR. NEKKEYA N. MCGEE LOLA M. BUCHANAN NATALIE I. WHITAKER KELLY E. MCMANUS COLLEEN L. BYE STEPHEN W. WILCOX STERLING B. MEYERS AMANDA N. CANADA LISA S. WILLIAMS GARY E. MILLER ANGELA M. CARLSON CHRISTINA N. WILLIAMSON ROBERT E. MODLIN SIDNEY CARROLL NATHAN T. WITHERSPOON JASON R. MOODY NICOLE L. CASE THOMAS W. WOODROOF RICH A. MOORE JAMIE K. CEDOLA LAURA A. WYATT SUZANNAH E. MORRISON JASON C. CELESTINO LAURA D. YOUNG PAVEL B. MUNERMAN KATRINA J. CLARK RYAN D. MURPHY LANDON M. COLEMAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT THOMAS A. MUSICH DIANA M. COSTA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY FERNANDO NAJERA KEVIN F. COSTELLO MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SEC- FERNANDO NEGRONLOPEZ KRYSTAL DABON TIONS 624 AND 3064: STEPHANIE N. NELSON JIMMY W. DAVIS, JR. To be major JEREMY J. NOBLE RICHARD J. DAVIS AYUB M. ODERA ERNEST C. DELACRUZ JOSEPH B. AHLBORN SARAH E. ODONAGHUE MARISOL DELAPENAREYES DENIS L. ALFIN MICHAEL L. OIEN DARIEN DIAZ CRAIG L. AMAN ONISSA R. ORTIZ CAROLYN M. DILLON LATONYA S. ANDERSON MATHANRAJ PACKIAM AMY E. DIMMER REUBEN A. ARUNASALEM BRYAN O. PAMINTUAN MARK E. DOHERTY SANDRA L. G. BANNER GREGORY F. PARKER CHRISTINE R. DORSO STACEY L. BATEMAN JOSHUAH D. PARNELL KENNETH C. DUNHAM, JR. MARCEL D. BATTS JAMIE M. PECHA WAYNE L. EALEY RENZO G. BEGAZOLEON JOSEPH C. PECKO ALEXANDRO ESCONTRIAS SALVATORE G. BITONDO ROMAN H. PIETRIS ALEXIS G. FAY KUMALO A. BOGAN JUSTIN H. POOL BRENDA M. FERNANDEZ SHAWN L. BOOKWALTER BETTY K. POOLESMITH TIFFANY N. FIELDS JOSHUA K. BOSWELL JAIME PORRAS MAGGIE C. FITZPATRICK MICHAEL W. BOWDREN AMY L. POTTER KATIE L. FLATT TIFFANY N. BROWN DAVID J. PRECZEWSKI MERRY J. FONTENOT CLEVELAND S. BRYANT, JR. LORRAINE J. PUGH LATISHA N. FOX SARAH A. BURLEE CARRIE M. QUINN BARBARA S. FRANKS MOLLY C. BYRNES RHEA L. RACAZA PETER B. FRYE BRIAN T. CALDWELL STEVEN J. RAIRDON JESUS C. GARZA ERIC J. CALLENS HANUMANTH M. RAVINDRANATH VONYA M. GIBBONS NATALIA H. CARDONA LASHAWNNA N. RAY ELEANOR J. GONZALEZ JAMIE T. CARRENO LILESHWARAN REDDY XAVIER C. GREEN ADRIANA F. CASTRO SAMANTHA A. REID HOLLY E. GRUENHAGEN MICHEL J. CELESTIN KARINA RESTO ANGELA L. HAWKINS AMANDA B. CHARLTON JASON T. RICE TAIASHA S. HAYGOOD GARY J. CHEATWOOD, JR. URSULA S. RILEY LORRI L. HAYS JULIA M. CLAYTON DIEGO A. RINCON BRENT E. HEBER WILLIAM C. COCHIOLO JEANETTE N. RIVERA KENNETH E. HEFFNER DEAN T. COCOZZA DAVID M. RODRIGUEZ KATIE HELMRICK STERLING A. COLEMAN DIANA M. ROMMELFANGERKONKOL DANIEL J. HINES COLLEEN M. COLEMATTSON RICARDO ROMO KATHRYN C. HOUHOULIS RYAN C. COSTANTINO AMANDA L. ROTH LAMERTIS IHENETU JESSICA M. COWLES GREGORY S. RUETH CHRISTOPHER P. JOHNSON JASON R. CROSS TYLER G. RUSSELL SHANNAN L. JURINA PAUL A. DAANEN SARAH E. SANDMEL CRYSTAL A. KELLEY JOEL F. DALY JEREMY A. SCHIEL YOUNG B. KIM ASHLEY N. DAVIS ALLYSON M. SCHMIDT THOMAS R. KWOLEK DESIREE D. DIEBOLD REBECCA L. SHANAHAN EMILY R. LACEY CHRISTOPHER M. DIMAIO PATRICK G. SHAW KRISTINE D. LEE EDWARD J. DONNARUMMA AARON M. SHRAMEK NAKESHIA L. LEWIS CARRIE J. DONOHO TIMOTHY J. SOH SHERYL E. LIZOTTE KELLY C. DRAKE BRYAN L. SPEAR ADAM W. LOWE DANIEL J. DURTSCHI JONATHAN R. SPIEGEL JASON R. MAAN KARMON D. DYCHES ELIZABETH A. STPETER JERAMY J. MAHONEY KARIM ELYAMANI MICAH STURGEON JESSICA S. MANN BABAJIDE O. FAGBEMI TAMARYN L. SWICKHEIMER LAURA L. MANZO JOSHUA R. FANSLER RODRIGUEZ M. L. SYKES MARGARET G. MARTIN JENNIFER M. FARLEY JAMMIE J. TAYLOR GIANG T. MARTINEZ SPENCER L. FARROW II BRIAN N. THIELMANN JANICE M. MARTINEZ JASMIN I. FILPO BRIAN G. THORSON MALLORY A. MCCUIN ROBBIE L. FLOWERS DANIEL S. TIERNEY MARIO O. MEDINA DOUGLAS A. FOOTE NORMAN G. TIPPENS III REBECCA L. MERCER FRAY C. FOWLER NICHOLAS S. TUCKER MEHANA MOORE BRANDY GAINSLEY ALEXANDRA A. VANE DAVID D. MORIN HIPOLITO GARZA WILLIAM B. VASS CHRISTINA C. MORPHIS DERESE GETNET MICHELLE O. VELEZLANDRON ASHLEY D. MOUNT ANDREW H. GILKER LEIF E. VESTERMARK EDWARD A. MURRAY, JR. IVAN GONZALEZ BRANDI M. WALKER LORNA D. NEWMANHILL LUIS A. GONZALEZ ROBERT S. WALKER OLA N. OBERMULLER DANIEL A. GOOD MONICA E. WALROND AARON Z. OLSEN RYAN R. GREEN DANIELLE K. WALTON LEO L. PACHECO TANISHIA V. GREENE TIARA N. WALZ ALISON L. PATTON BRIAN J. GUISE GIFTY N. WEEFUR LAURA K. PAYTON GREGORY J. HABERMANN WENDESIA A. WHITE ALEX Z. PEREZ BRANDON C. HALLIGAN DEENA M. WILLIS URIAH D. PEREZ JACKIE HAMMELMAN TENNILLE A. WITHERSPOON JOAN PIERRELOUIS KENNETH W. HAMMOND MATTHEW P. YOUNG MICHAEL D. RASMUSSEN THOMAS L. HANSEN LASHELLE M. ZELLNER AMANDA M. REED HAMILTON H. HARRIS MATTHEW J. REGGIO DANIEL J. HARRISON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT LINDSAY N. REIGRUT JEFFREY A. HAVENS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY SCOTT RICHARDSON JUSTIN R. HELL MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., JONABETH T. RIVERA DUSTI R. HENRICHS SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: JESSE Y. RIVERAROSARIO ANTONY A. HENSEL To be major JOHN P. ROBERTS DOUGLAS L. HILL II KARI L. RODDEN BERNADINE S. HOLLOWAY RUSSELL A. BURNHAM JILL A. ROSE STEPHEN A. HOLWERDA BRYAN C. CHRISTIANSEN VICTORIA M. SALAS PETER N. HOUHOULIS GEORGE K. CLEVENGER ANGELA B. SAMOSORN RACHEL N. IBRAHIMOVIC FRANCIS E. CRISS, JR. DORMA D. SANDERS JENNIFER L. IVELAND ROLANDS J. DALE AERI J. SANTOS SHELLIE M. JERVIS CHRISTINA E. DEEHL STEPHANIE M. SAPIENS AMANDA M. JONES JORDAN O. DEMAY ARIEL R. SHAGORY JEREMIAH S. JONES DUSTIN F. DONOFRY STACY L. SHEPPARD MONIQUE C. JONES BRETT F. DOUGHERTY

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MATTHEW T. FORD GEORGE T. THOMPSON III AMBER R. KINCAID, OF VIRGINIA DONALD R. FRAZEE AUSTIN R. VANOLST KATHERINE ELIZABETH KLINEFELTER, OF VIRGINIA LAURIE B. FREEMAN JOSHUA M. VUKELICH NICKOLAS S. KOOP, OF VIRGINIA EVA M. FREMAINT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MORGAN ELIZABETH LAIL, OF VIRGINIA ANDREA N. GONZALEZ IN THE GRADES INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES REG- BRIAN CHRISTOPHER LAMBERT, OF VIRGINIA JAMES E. HUANG ULAR NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: WILLIAM B LANGAN, OF FLORIDA DAVID K. HULSIZER DAVID WILSON LARMORE, JR., OF VIRGINIA STEVEN K. HUNTER To be commander JERRY M. LAURIENTI, OF COLORADO MATTHEW P. KURMAN CHRISTOPHER MARSHALL LEGER, OF THE DISTRICT OF RODERICK S. LAIRD JAMES K. SHORT COLUMBIA GARRETT W. LARSON To be lieutenant commander LEONARD HOOVER LEID, OF PENNSYLVANIA GARRETT S. LATHAM FRANCIS XAVIER LILLY, JR., OF VIRGINIA SHAW T. LOCKE JERRY L. COTTRELL KIRSTIE RAE LINCOLN, OF VIRGINIA MICHELLE L. LUKEN GINA R. CROW BRADLEY ROBERT LINDQUIST, OF VIRGINIA ANDREA R. MARSHALL TRENT T. METLEN CYD E. LITTLE, OF VIRGINIA MIKAELA D. MCMANUS NICHOLAS A. MIDZAK DANIELLE KALLETTA LOVE, OF VIRGINIA CHAD M. MERFELD NICOLE TRAM LUNDY, OF VIRGINIA WILLIAM B. MORRIS FOREIGN SERVICE KELLY L. MACHINCHICK, OF VIRGINIA NATHAN A. PARSONS DANIEL SIDNEY MANDELL, OF FLORIDA THE FOLLOWING-NAMED CAREER MEMBER OF THE NICHOLAS P. PELLETIER ANDREW ROBERT MARCHSTEINER, OF THE DISTRICT OF SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES KATHLEEN H. ROBINS COLUMBIA AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR PRO- SHAY M. ROGERS STUART FRANCIS MARTIN, OF MARYLAND MOTION WITHIN THE SENIOR FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE JASON N. SHARP ROBIN MASSIMI, OF VIRGINIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, CLASS OF MINISTER- CECIL J. SIMMONS CHRISTINE JANE MASSOWD, OF VIRGINIA COUNSELOR: CHRISTOPHER R. SOLTAS CARY LINDEN MATTHEWS, OF VIRGINIA DENISE H. SOUZA DANIEL MARK SMOLKA, OF ARIZONA MEGHAN ANNE MCCARTHY, OF VIRGINIA MICHELLE L. STONE THE FOLLOWING-NAMED MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN MATTHEW WAYNE MCCUE, OF MARYLAND DAVID H. TAYLOR SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE TO BE A CON- MICHAEL S. MCGEEHAN, OF VIRGINIA BENJAMIN E. THOMPSON SULAR OFFICER AND A SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC ALEXANDER MERCHO, OF VIRGINIA BERNARD TONEY, JR. SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: BRADLEY J. MESH, OF VIRGINIA ERIC M. WAGNER MARGUERITE ELLEN SIMON MEYER, OF VIRGINIA JAMES ROBERT ADAMS, OF IOWA BEVERLY BEASLEY MILLER, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT LEONORE KATHRYN ADAMS, OF MICHIGAN NIDHI S. MISTRY, OF VIRGINIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY JESSICA EDITH AKPAN, OF VIRGINIA SALLY ANN NACCARATO, OF VIRGINIA VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U. S.C., SECTIONS LINDSEY LUCIA ALEXANDER–PRINCIPATO, OF VIRGINIA RAMI OUSAMA NASER, OF VIRGINIA 624 AND 3064: JUSTIN HUNTER ALLEN, OF VIRGINIA AMANDA LUCILLE NELSON–DUAC, OF FLORIDA To be major KARIS KAMITA AMANDO, OF VIRGINIA JESSICA KATE NIEMEYER, OF VIRGINIA SARAH BRITTANY ANCAS, OF PENNSYLVANIA HENRY TYLER NUNLEY, OF OKLAHOMA JERAMIE ABEL LAURA JULIA ARRIAZA-ROHT, OF CALIFORNIA KATHLEEN MARSH O’BRIEN, OF MISSOURI ALISON V. ABOUDAOUD KEITH LAWRENCE BABB, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER GANTT O’LEARY, OF VIRGINIA WILLIAM A. BASKERVILLE, JR. LANCE EVERETT BALDERSON, OF VIRGINIA PATRICK D. OMASTA, OF VIRGINIA CASTAGNETO N. C. BENTON JULIE ANN BALLARD, OF VIRGINIA JENNIFER KATHLEEN OSBORN, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL J. BLAND MICHAELA MORGAN BEANE, OF VIRGINIA MARI KATHERINE MICHENER OYE, OF MASSACHUSETTS MATTHEW W. CLARK LARA ELLEN BELL, OF VIRGINIA ANNA VICTORIA PALLADINO, OF VIRGINIA KENYON J. CONKLIN DAVID THOMAS BERG, OF VIRGINIA NICHOLAS LEE PARKER, OF VIRGINIA CRYSTAL R. DOYLE JUDITH A. BLACKWELL, OF VIRGINIA MATTHEW DAVID PLUMSER, OF MARYLAND MELISSA A. DUGAN JUSTIN P. BOSHERS, OF VIRGINIA EMILY RIIS RECTOR, OF VIRGINIA ROBERT V. HAINLINE ARIE YANKEL BRAIZBLOT, OF VIRGINIA NATALIE J. REEVES, OF VIRGINIA DREW B. HENSCHEN WILLIAM DALTON BRANTLEY, OF VIRGINIA GREGORY ALAN RHODES, OF VIRGINIA LEVI D. HOFFMAN KRISTINA H. BROOKS, OF VIRGINIA MARIWYN GRACE RING, OF VIRGINIA MONIKA P. JONES DERRICK EUGENE BULLOCK, OF MARYLAND JEFFREY THOMAS ROHDE, OF MARYLAND DAVID R. MARQUEZ PAUL BRYAN BUTKI, OF CALIFORNIA TYLER ADAM RUBE, OF VIRGINIA ROBERT A. MESSENGER CAMILO ANDRES CABALLERO, OF GEORGIA SCOTT ALLYN SANDNESS, OF VIRGINIA BRITTANI L. ROGERS WILSON DAVID CABARCAS, OF VIRGINIA PETER JAMES SAVAGE, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA NICOLE L. ROWLEY ELIZABETH CAMPHOUSE, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL JOSEPH SCHMID, OF NEW JERSEY MAKENSIE L. SANTIAGO ELISE JOELLE CARDOSO, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTIAN ROBERT SCHMIDLE, OF VIRGINIA CHARLES F. SCHWARTEN ELIZABETH NICHOLE TENNYSON CARR, OF THE DISTRICT JOSEPH ALBERT SCOTT, OF UTAH BRIANNA M. SHAVER OF COLUMBIA CHARLES VINTON SELBY III, OF PENNSYLVANIA SARAHANNE S. SIMPSON VIRGINIA PAIGE CHANG, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA JOHN ANDREW SHEEHAN, JR., OF VIRGINIA ANNAMARIA TRAVIS JASON ALLEN CHILDRESS, OF VIRGINIA BRYAN CHRISTOPHER SHIPP, OF VIRGINIA WHITNEY A. WALDSMITH JONATHAN DAVID COMICK, OF VIRGINIA MONICA A. SICKLES, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH COMMINS, OF THE DISTRICT OF IN THE NAVY JEREMY LANE SIMMONS, OF VIRGINIA COLUMBIA ANTOINE SIMS, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT KELLY COYNE CONLEY, OF NEW JERSEY RAYMOND ANTHONY SLANINA, OF CALIFORNIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY MATTHEW SCOTT COULSON, OF TEXAS JEFFREY DAN SMITH, OF VIRGINIA UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: EVAN CASSON COUTTS, OF VIRGINIA SOPHIA T. SMITH, OF VIRGINIA MARCO PATRICIO CRUZ, OF VIRGINIA To be commander KATHRYN BOILES SMITH, OF VIRGINIA JONATHAN ZACHARIAH DAKE, OF VIRGINIA HEATHER S. SOMERFORD, OF VIRGINIA MARC DAVIDSON, OF VIRGINIA KATHERINE L. MEADOWS SARAH STEADLAND, OF VIRGINIA ENRIQUE A. DE LA TORRE, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTINA MARIE STEGURA, OF PENNSYLVANIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY ERIC CHRISTOPHER DEL MORONE, OF THE DISTRICT OF ALICIA LORAINE STEWART, OF VIRGINIA APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE COLUMBIA WENDY C. SUITER, OF VIRGINIA UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION WILLIAM ERNEST DENHAM IV, OF TEXAS TYE CASEY SUNDLEE, OF WASHINGTON 5721: RONALD DICKEY, OF VIRGINIA JOSHUA ELAM SVENDSEN, OF VIRGINIA To be lieutenant commander KATIA SADEQ DIEFENBACH, OF VIRGINIA EDWARD IAN SWALLOW, OF VIRGINIA JOHN WALTER DOUGHERTY, OF VIRGINIA GEORGE A. TARNOW, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER S. ANDERSON CLEVELAND DAVID DOWNIE, OF VIRGINIA DRAGANA TATIC, OF FLORIDA KRISTOFER W. BAIR JOSEPH D. DUFOUR, OF VIRGINIA DAGMARA KARLA TCHALAKOV, OF INDIANA ERIC M. BEALL MARCY EMI DUPALO, OF VIRGINIA PETER CHRISTOPHER TIERNEY, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- ROBERT C. BIRCH PETER DUTA, OF VIRGINIA LUMBIA BRETT A. BONDS PAILY EAPEN, OF VIRGINIA NALANTHIEL RAETEASE TUCK, OF VIRGINIA JAMISON K. BURKS LAURA ELYSE ELKINS, OF MARYLAND RAHUL Y. UPADHYAYA, OF VIRGINIA JUSTIN S. CARTER JEREMY MICHAEL ELLIS, OF VIRGINIA THOMAS ALLYN VAN BUREN, OF VIRGINIA BRADLEY S. CASTEEL OMAR BASIL FARID, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CLINT VICKERY, OF VIRGINIA JAMES E. DAVIS KATE MARIE FELDMAN, OF VIRGINIA JEREMIAH WHISENHUNT, OF VIRGINIA GEORGE L. DAY II EUGENE BRASSEL FORD, OF VIRGINIA THOMAS L. WILSON, OF WASHINGTON CHRISTOPHER J. DEMATTEO STEPHANIE A. FOX, OF VIRGINIA PHILIP JAMES WOLFE, OF PENNSYLVANIA JUSTIN A. DEVILLAR ROBERT DALE FRESE, OF MARYLAND JEFFREY ALEXANDER WOOD, OF VIRGINIA DOUGLAS R. DUCKERT HARRIS LAPIS GARCIA, OF TEXAS KENAN ZEKAI YAYBOKE, OF MARYLAND CHRISTOFER J. FACKRELL FAIZA SABBAH GEORGE, OF VIRGINIA CHRISTOPHER JONGPIL YUN, OF VIRGINIA KELLY W. FRY CLAUDE LOUIS GIAMPIETRO, OF THE DISTRICT OF CO- HOLLY ALYSE ZANVILLE, OF MARYLAND WILLIAM A. GORUM LUMBIA CHRISTOPHER M. ZVEARE, OF VIRGINIA DANIEL S. GRAY MATTHEW EDWARD GILLWALD, OF VIRGINIA THOMAS D. GROARK REBECCA KRISTEN GILMORE, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING-NAMED MEMBERS OF THE FOREIGN KRISTOPHER J. HALL MARI GJURASHAJ, OF VIRGINIA SERVICE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE TO BE A FOR- RONALD E. HARRISON MELISSA CAROL GOLSON, OF VIRGINIA EIGN SERVICE OFFICER, A CONSULAR OFFICER, AND A SEAN M. HEENAN JOHN ALEXANDER GORDON, OF MASSACHUSETTS SECRETARY IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE OF THE CHRISTOPHER A. JONES CHRISTIAN D. GRAFF, OF VIRGINIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: HANNAH M. KIM ALEXANDRA MYERS GREENE, OF VIRGINIA AMI J. ABOU-BAKR, OF IDAHO KIPP K. KRAUSE RICHARD GUARDINO, OF VIRGINIA MARVIN E. ALFARO, OF NEW YORK EMMA K. MCCARTHY EMILY L. HADLEY, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ERNESTO L. ALFONSO, OF FLORIDA MITCHEL R. NORMAND ZACHARY BILL HALL, OF VIRGINIA NICOLE RODCHELLE BADEN, OF MARYLAND KENT W. NYGREN NICHOLAS SCOTT HARNIK, OF VIRGINIA AGNES NAM BAUM, OF TEXAS MATTHEW S. OLOUGHLIN BENJAMIN ALEXANDER ORVAL HARPER, OF VIRGINIA KRISTINA E. BEARD, OF FLORIDA JOSHUA M. PAINE BRIAN JOHN HENSKE, OF VIRGINIA ELIZABETH D. BERRETT, OF TEXAS AARON A. PARK PAUL ANDREW HERMAN, OF VIRGINIA NORA S. BRITO, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LEE A. PATTERSON SARA LOUISE HIMES, OF VIRGINIA BRYAN S. CARROLL, OF WASHINGTON CHRISTOPHER L. PRING REDFORD HONG, OF VIRGINIA ELIZANN CARROLL, OF TEXAS NICHOLAS R. RADZIWON HALEY ANNE HORKEY, OF VIRGINIA AMIT S. CHANDA, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TYRONE RICHARDSON ANDREW S. HORNER, OF VIRGINIA GARY K. CHOW, OF CALIFORNIA JONATHAN A. SERRELL THOMAS MICHAEL HYDE, OF VIRGINIA GRACE E. CHUNG, OF WASHINGTON STEPHEN C. SHOEN CALEB EVERETT HYRE, OF VIRGINIA JAMES PATRICK CLARKSON, OF UTAH TODD J. SIMPSON LEE ROTHE IRWIN, OF VIRGINIA JULLION M. COOPER, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA PETER G. SLYE NICHOLAS JOHN JAGER, OF WISCONSIN JORGE A. CORDOVA, OF FLORIDA MICHELLE P. SMITH JANIE JAMES-HIGH, OF ARIZONA COLIN MALLOY CRAM, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MATTHEW R. SWEET NAIMA T. KELLEY, OF VIRGINIA EMILY C. DIGNAN, OF FLORIDA STEVEN TERJESEN ALLEN WILSON KIM, OF VIRGINIA SHANNA L. DURKIN, OF VIRGINIA

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CHRISTINE M. EICHINGER, OF FLORIDA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MICHAEL B. ELKIN, OF FLORIDA IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- JUNE 25, 2018. NEIL P. FINNEGAN, OF MASSACHUSETTS CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF VIKHYAT S. BEBARTA, TO OLIVER W. GAINES, OF TEXAS AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION BE COLONEL. DAVID A. GALLES, OF MARYLAND 601: AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MARY F. KALI DEWITT GASTEIGER, OF TEXAS STUEVER AND ENDING WITH LAVANYA VISWANATHAN, KATHRYN C. GLUCKMAN, OF FLORIDA To be lieutenant general WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE JACOB L. GOODMAN, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA LT. GEN. KENNETH S. WILSBACH AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON ROBERT D. GREENE, OF TEXAS JUNE 25, 2018. CHARLES N. HALL, OF VIRGINIA IN THE ARMY AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH KATHLEEN RYAN M. HANLON, OF SOUTH DAKOTA E. AALDERINK AND ENDING WITH ISAIAH S. ZYDUCK, PATRICK J. HEALEY, OF VIRGINIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE EMILY ELIZABETH HENNELL, OF OHIO AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON GRANT H. HUNTER, OF MISSISSIPPI WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND JUNE 28, 2018. KATE E. HUSBAND, OF MICHIGAN RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF NISHA R. BAUR, TO BE ESTHER B. JOE, OF CALIFORNIA To be lieutenant general MAJOR. STEVEN G. JONES, OF FLORIDA AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF JAY T. FLOTTMANN, TO BE KEVIN P. KETCHUM, OF TEXAS LT. GEN. STEPHEN M. TWITTY KYLE J. LISTON, OF OHIO COLONEL. JOSHUA A. MARKS, OF MARYLAND IN THE MARINE CORPS AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF CHRISTOPHER P. ERICA M. MARRERO, OF VIRGINIA WHERTHEY, TO BE MAJOR. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT KELLY M. MCCRAY, OF TENNESSEE AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF ISSA M. ALVAREZ, TO BE AS ASSISTANT COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS IN KATHLEEN E. MCDONALD, OF WASHINGTON MAJOR. THE UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS, AND FOR APPOINT- BRADLEY W. MEACHAM, OF WASHINGTON AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF NATHANIEL P. LISENBEE, ADNAN A. MIRZA, OF NEW YORK MENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A TO BE MAJOR. ALISA M. MODICA, OF GEORGIA POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF SEAN P. MALANOWSKI, TO AMBER N. MOORE, OF TEXAS TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 601 AND 5044: BE MAJOR. NAUREEN M. NALIA, OF CALIFORNIA To be general AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JAMES W. MARY E. NAMETH, OF MICHIGAN BARNES AND ENDING WITH BRADLEY A. WISLER, WHICH PATRICK H. NEELEY, OF WASHINGTON LT. GEN. GARY L. THOMAS NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- JAKE R. NELSON, OF VIRGINIA PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 9, CHUKWUDI J. NWADIBIA, OF CALIFORNIA IN THE AIR FORCE 2018. MIRANDA S. PATTERSON, OF NORTH CAROLINA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ADAM D. KATHERINE F. PETTERSSON, OF NEW YORK IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- AASEN AND ENDING WITH GEORGE E. QUINT, WHICH THERESE M. POSTEL, OF NEW YORK CATED UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- MELISSA F. RANN, OF OREGON PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 9, ANTHONY M. READ, OF NEW YORK To be brigadier general 2018. ALLISON J. REEDY, OF NEW HAMPSHIRE AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ILDA Y. COL. SUSAN J. PIETRYKOWSKI MICHAEL R. RIES, OF FLORIDA ISAZA AND ENDING WITH YOBANKA E. PAEZ-MUNOZ, STEPHEN WU SANDERS, OF CALIFORNIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE JESSE A. SHAW, OF CALIFORNIA IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON BRIAN D. SHERIDAN, OF TEXAS CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE JULY 18, 2018. STEPHANIE A. SHOEMAKER, OF CALIFORNIA AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION AIR FORCE NOMINATION OF SAMANTHA S. RIEGER– STEPHANIE R. SOBEK, OF OHIO 601: PINSON, TO BE MAJOR. BRYAN M. STRAUB, OF OHIO AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH STEVEN J. JACOB D. SURFACE, OF INDIANA To be lieutenant general NORDEEN AND ENDING WITH STEPHANIE E. WILSON, RONALD D. THOMPSON, OF FLORIDA MAJ. GEN. JON T. THOMAS WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE SEVAK TSATURYAN, OF FLORIDA AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MICHAEL A. VASILOFF, OF VIRGINIA IN THE ARMY MICHAEL C. WESTENDORP, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- JULY 23, 2018. BIA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CHRISTINE N. YARNG, OF VIRGINIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY IN THE ARMY EMILY YU, OF CALIFORNIA UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ARMY NOMINATION OF ALEXIS N. MENDOZADEJESUS, f To be brigadier general TO BE MAJOR. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH SAMUEL B. CONFIRMATIONS COL. GREGORY K. ANDERSON ALBAHARI AND ENDING WITH RICCARDO C. PAGGETT, COL. CHRISTINE A. BEELER WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE Executive nominations confirmed by COL. PETER N. BENCHOFF AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON COL. MARK S. BENNETT the Senate July 31, 2018: JUNE 20, 2018. COL. GREGORY J. BRADY ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JOHNMARK R. COL. MICHELE H. BREDENKAMP THE JUDICIARY ARDIENTE AND ENDING WITH NATHAN A. GUNTER, COL. EDMOND M. BROWN WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE COL. ROBERT M. COLLINS BRITT CAGLE GRANT, OF GEORGIA, TO BE UNITED AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT. COL. KIMBERLY M. COLLOTON JUNE 20, 2018. COL. DAVID S. DOYLE ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH RYAN J. IN THE ARMY COL. THOMAS J. EDWARDS, JR. BERGLIN AND ENDING WITH JAMES A. NARDELLI, WHICH COL. MARCUS S. EVANS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- COL. BRETT T. FUNCK IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, COL. JAMES J. GALLIVAN WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND 2018. COL. BRIAN W. GIBSON RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH DAVID L. COL. AMY E. HANNAH To be general COL. JERED P. HELWIG BURRIER AND ENDING WITH WILLIAM T. CIGICH, WHICH COL. DONN H. HILL NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- LT. GEN. STEPHEN R. LYONS COL. SCOTT A. JACKSON PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, IN THE AIR FORCE COL. JOHN D. KLINE 2018. COL. GAVIN A. LAWRENCE ARMY NOMINATION OF JOSHUA V. ARNDT, TO BE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT COL. KEVIN C. LEAHY MAJOR. IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- COL. MICHELLE M. LETCHER ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH CHRISTOPHER Z. CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE COL. CHARLES J. MASARACCHIA FARRINGTON AND ENDING WITH MICHAEL P. THOMAS, AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION COL. MICHAEL C. MCCURRY II WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE 601: COL. JOHN V. MEYER III AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON To be lieutenant general COL. DUANE R. MILLER JUNE 20, 2018. COL. SCOTT M. NAUMANN ARMY NOMINATION OF RODERICK W. SUMPTER, TO BE MAJ. GEN. BRIAN T. KELLY COL. CHRISTOPHER R. NORRIE MAJOR. THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT COL. ALLAN M. PEPIN ARMY NOMINATION OF DANIEL TORRES, TO BE MAJOR. IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- COL. ANDREW D. PRESTON ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MICHAEL P. CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE COL. MARK C. QUANDER ANTECKI, JR. AND ENDING WITH D014175, WHICH NOMINA- AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION COL. JOHN L. RAFFERTY, JR. TIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED 601: COL. JETH B. REY IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, 2018. COL. JOSEPH A. RYAN ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LISA M. ABEL To be lieutenant general COL. JAMES M. SMITH AND ENDING WITH D014651, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- LT. GEN. MARK D. KELLY COL. BRETT G. SYLVIA COL. JOEL B. VOWELL GRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, 2018. THE FOLLOWING NAMED AIR NATIONAL GUARD OF THE COL. TODD R. WASMUND ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH DREW Q. ABELL UNITED STATES OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE RE- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT AND ENDING WITH G010393, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE SERVE OF THE AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDICATED RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12212: IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND GRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, 2018. To be brigadier general RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ELI S. ADAMS AND ENDING WITH D014147, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE COL. TIMOTHY J. MADDEN To be lieutenant general RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CON- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT GRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 20, 2018. MAJ. GEN. JAMES F. PASQUARETTE IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- ARMY NOMINATION OF ROCHELL A. MAIER, TO BE CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE IN THE AIR FORCE COLONEL. AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION ARMY NOMINATION OF ROBERT C. SOPER, TO BE COLO- 601: AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JAC- NEL. QUELINE E. BERRY AND ENDING WITH CONNIE L. WINIK, ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH VINCENTE G. To be lieutenant general WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE ALCIVAR AND ENDING WITH EDWARD W. WRIGHT, WHICH AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- LT. GEN. JEFFREY L. HARRIGIAN FEBRUARY 8, 2018. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 25, THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ANTHONY 2018. IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE TO THE GRADE INDI- J. ACETO AND ENDING WITH REGIS C. ZOZO, WHICH NOMI- ARMY NOMINATION OF BENJAMIN E. SOLOMON, TO BE CATED WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- COLONEL. AND RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 18, ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH WILLIAM J. 601: 2018. NELS AND ENDING WITH KELLIE A. WHITTLINGER, To be lieutenant general AIR FORCE NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MICHAEL A. WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE BASSO–WILLIAMS AND ENDING WITH IRSHAD A. SHAKIR, AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON MAJ. GEN. THOMAS A. BUSSIERE WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE JUNE 28, 2018.

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ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH VENDECK M. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, NAVY NOMINATION OF ARIANA P. BENSUSAN, TO BE DAVIS AND ENDING WITH RYAN G. LAVOIE, WHICH NOMI- 2018. LIEUTENANT COMMANDER. NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MICHAEL C. NAVY NOMINATION OF BRUCE S. KIMBRELL, JR., TO BE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JUNE 28, AMPELAS AND ENDING WITH KURT G. ZIMMER, WHICH LIEUTENANT COMMANDER. 2018. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- NAVY NOMINATION OF SAMANTHA C. DUGAN, TO BE ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH HARRY A. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, LIEUTENANT COMMANDER. HORNBUCKLE AND ENDING WITH MICHAEL J. KIMBALL, 2018. NAVY NOMINATION OF BRIAN L. LEES, TO BE LIEUTEN- WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MICHAEL S. AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON ALLAIN AND ENDING WITH CARMEN M. TUCKER, WHICH ANT COMMANDER. JUNE 28, 2018. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH KORY A. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MATTHEW W. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, ANGLESEY AND ENDING WITH BENJAMIN C. WAITE, ALLEN AND ENDING WITH FRANCIS E. SANFORD, JR., 2018. WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH DONNA M. AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON KENTLEY AND ENDING WITH DAVID J. SKELLEY, JR., JULY 18, 2018. JULY 9, 2018. WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH DAVID W. ALEX- ARMY NOMINATION OF BRIAN C. MORGAN, TO BE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON ANDER AND ENDING WITH HAROLD B. WOODRUFF, WHICH MAJOR. JULY 18, 2018. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATION OF KENNETH F. KLOCK, TO BE ARMY NOMINATION OF KIMBERLY D. DEJESUS, TO BE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, COLONEL. COLONEL. 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF BRANDON C. KLINK, TO BE ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ROYAL M. NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JONATHAN D. COLONEL. MINOR III AND ENDING WITH BENITO E. RODRIGUEZ, ARMY NOMINATION OF BURTON C. GLOVER, TO BE WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE ALBANO AND ENDING WITH JAMES P. ZAKAR, WHICH COLONEL. AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATION OF MANUEL REYES, JR., TO BE JULY 18, 2018. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, MAJOR. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH EDWARD L. BAR- 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF EMMANUEL D. EISENSTEIN, TO RON, JR. AND ENDING WITH MICHELE M. RICH, WHICH NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JANE J. ABANES BE MAJOR. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- AND ENDING WITH MICHELLE L. WESTCOTT, WHICH ARMY NOMINATION OF MARSHALL L. BARTEE, TO BE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- MAJOR. 2018. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ETHAN P. CAR- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LORI J. ALLERT 2018. TER AND ENDING WITH SAMUEL R. WETHERILL IV, AND ENDING WITH LARA K. TERAN, WHICH NOMINATIONS NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH MATTHEW S. WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE BAILEY AND ENDING WITH ADAM B. YOST, WHICH NOMI- AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, 2018. NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- JULY 18, 2018. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH CARL W. ADAMS PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH PATRICIA J. AND ENDING WITH JOHN H. WU, WHICH NOMINATIONS RASMUSSEN AND ENDING WITH KENT J. VINCE, WHICH WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE 2018. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, 2018. NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LYNDA S. PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH DAWUD A. A. AMELL AND ENDING WITH CHADWICK Y. YASUDA, WHICH 2018. AGBERE AND ENDING WITH D010823, WHICH NOMINATIONS NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH JEREMY W. WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, BERNDT AND ENDING WITH AMY M. RAMER, WHICH NOMI- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 23, 2018. 2018. NATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- ARMY NOMINATION OF CYNTHIA A. HOPKINS, TO BE NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LALEH PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, COLONEL. ABDOLAZADEH AND ENDING WITH CHRISTOPHER L. 2018. ARMY NOMINATION OF MICHAEL J. LOOMIS, TO BE YOUNG, WHICH NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE COLONEL. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH SCOTT M. SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL ARMY NOMINATION OF LATONIA M. MAHNKE, TO BE EVERHART AND ENDING WITH ALBERT SOHNEN, WHICH RECORD ON JULY 18, 2018. COLONEL. NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- NAVY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH LISA L. ABELS PEARED IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, ARMY NOMINATION OF JUSTIN A. EVISON, TO BE LIEU- AND ENDING WITH JERRY YUAN, WHICH NOMINATIONS 2018. TENANT COLONEL. WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND APPEARED IN THE ARMY NOMINATION OF WILLIAM PEREZ, TO BE MAJOR. IN THE NAVY CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON JULY 18, 2018. ARMY NOMINATIONS BEGINNING WITH ROBYN D. BOLGLA AND ENDING WITH RHONDA D. WYNDER, WHICH NAVY NOMINATION OF TRAVIS A. MONTPLAISIR, TO BE NAVY NOMINATION OF JAVIER LOPEZMARTINEZ, TO BE NOMINATIONS WERE RECEIVED BY THE SENATE AND AP- COMMANDER. COMMANDER.

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