Androgen Receptor
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WADA Technical Letter – TL07 ANDARINE
WADA Technical Letter – TL07 Document Number: TL07 Version Number: 3.0 Written by: WADA Science Approved by: WADA Executive Committee Reviewed by: WADA Laboratory Expert Group Date: 21 December 2020 Effective Date: 1 January 2021 ANDARINE - FLUTAMIDE 1.0 Introduction WADA wishes to draw the attention of the Laboratories to the following observations and instructions on the analysis and reporting of SARM S4 (Andarine) Metabolites O-dephenylandarine and O- dephenylandarine glucuronide. The andarine Metabolites O-dephenylandarine and of O-dephenylandarine glucuronide may also be present in a Sample as a Metabolite of the anti-androgen Flutamide (Drogenil®, Eulexin®, Euflex®, Flutamin®, Flugere®), used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer [1]. Since flutamide is not a Prohibited Substance in sports, the Laboratories shall not report an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) for andarine based on the monitoring of O-dephenylandarine [2]. Figure 1. Proposed metabolic pathway of flutamide and andarine (adapted from Perrenoud et al. [1]). 2.0 Analysis and Reporting Requirements Report the result as an AAF for andarine only when the presence of andarine (parent compound), and/or its glucuronic acid conjugate, and/or its deacetylated and/or hydroxylated Metabolites, and/or its bishydroxylated product [2] are confirmed in the Sample (regardless of the presence of flutamide and/or its Metabolite 2-hydroxyflutamide); [Comment: Laboratories shall not report an AAF for andarine based only on the presence of O- dephenylandarine.] 3.0 References [1] Perrenoud L. et al. Risk of false positive results to SARM S4 in case of therapeutic use of antineoplastic/antiandrogen drug containing flutamide: a case study. -
The 2021 List of Pharmacological Classes of Doping Agents and Doping Methods
BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 1 von 23 The 2021 list of pharmacological classes of doping agents and doping methods www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 2 von 23 www.ris.bka.gv.at BGBl. III - Ausgegeben am 8. Jänner 2021 - Nr. 1 3 von 23 THE 2021 PROHIBITED LIST WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE 1 January 2021 Introduction The Prohibited List is a mandatory International Standard as part of the World Anti-Doping Program. The List is updated annually following an extensive consultation process facilitated by WADA. The effective date of the List is 1 January 2021. The official text of the Prohibited List shall be maintained by WADA and shall be published in English and French. In the event of any conflict between the English and French versions, the English version shall prevail. Below are some terms used in this List of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods. Prohibited In-Competition Subject to a different period having been approved by WADA for a given sport, the In- Competition period shall in principle be the period commencing just before midnight (at 11:59 p.m.) on the day before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate until the end of the Competition and the Sample collection process. Prohibited at all times This means that the substance or method is prohibited In- and Out-of-Competition as defined in the Code. Specified and non-Specified As per Article 4.2.2 of the World Anti-Doping Code, “for purposes of the application of Article 10, all Prohibited Substances shall be Specified Substances except as identified on the Prohibited List. -
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: the Future of Androgen Therapy?
148 Review Article Selective androgen receptor modulators: the future of androgen therapy? Andrew R. Christiansen1, Larry I. Lipshultz2,3, James M. Hotaling4, Alexander W. Pastuszak4 1University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 2Scott Department of Urology; 3Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; 4Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Contributions: (I) Conception and design: AR Christiansen; (II) Administrative support: AW Pastuszak; (III) Provision of study material or patients: AR Christiansen; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: AR Christiansen; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: AR Christiansen; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Alexander W. Pastuszak, MD, PhD. Assistant Professor, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small molecule drugs that function as either androgen receptor (AR) agonists or antagonists. Variability in AR regulatory proteins in target tissues permits SARMs to selectively elicit anabolic benefits while eschewing the pitfalls of traditional androgen therapy. SARMs have few side effects and excellent oral and transdermal bioavailability and may, therefore, represent viable alternatives to current androgen therapies. SARMs have been studied as possible therapies for many conditions, including osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, breast cancer, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), male contraception, hypogonadism, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and sarcopenia/muscle wasting/cancer cachexia. While there are no indications for SARMs currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many potential applications are still being explored, and results are promising. -
Download Product Insert (PDF)
Product Information Boldenone Cypionate Item No. 15158 CAS Registry No.: 106505-90-2 O Formal Name: 17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one O cyclopentanepropionate MF: C27H38O3 FW: 410.6 H Purity: ≥95% Stability: ≥2 years at -20°C H H Supplied as: A crystalline solid λ O UV/Vis.: max: 244 nm Laboratory Procedures For long term storage, we suggest that boldenone cypionate be stored as supplied at -20°C. It should be stable for at least two years. Boldenone cypionate is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the boldenone cypionate in the solvent of choice. Boldenone cypionate is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. The solubility of boldenone cypionate in these solvents is approximately 15, 5, and 25 mg/ml, respectively. Boldenone cypionate is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, boldenone cypionate should first be dissolved in ethanol and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. Boldenone cypionate has a solubility of approximately 0.3 mg/ml in a 1:2 solution of ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day. Boldenone is an anabolic androgenic steroid and synthetic derivative of testosterone that was originally developed for veterinary use.1 It can increase nitrogen retention, protein synthesis, and appetite, and also stimulates the release of erythropoietin in the kidneys.1 Boldenone cypionate was synthesized as an ester of boldenone in an attempt to alter boldenone’s very long half-life.2 Anabolic androgenic steroid compounds such as boldenone cypionate have been used illicitly by bodybuilders and other athletes.3 This compound is intended for forensic and research purposes only. -
Sarms in Dietary Supplements and Other Products
SARMs in Dietary Supplements and Other Products Selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs, are syn- damage.” They’re also prohibited for use in sport. For exam- thetic drugs designed to mimic the effects of testosterone. Al- ple, a 2017 FDA Safety Alert describes andarine and ostarine though these drugs are still in the research and testing stages as “unapproved drugs and anabolic steroid-like substances.” of development, and they are classified as drugs, yet most are In addition, some experimental drugs that are not SARMs are readily available online both as ingredients in dietary supple- being marketed as or along with SARMs, but they are equally ment products and as chemicals available for “research only.” illegal in dietary supplements and prohibited for sport. As a Some websites marketing SARMs for “research use” include result, the most common of these are also included on the next descriptions with language clearly targeting use for bodybuild- page. In addition, there are dietary supplements marketed as ing. However, according to FDA “Body-building products that contain selective androgen receptor modulators, or SARMs, SARMs that do not contain any of the drugs listed here. The have not been approved by the FDA and are associated with following list will help you recognize these drugs, which often serious safety concerns, including potential to increase the risk go by various names, as well as currently available products of heart attack or stroke and life threatening reactions like liver that contain them. SARMs • LGD-3033 -
UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 the UFC PROHIBITED LIST
UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 THE UFC PROHIBITED LIST UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 PART 1. Except as provided otherwise in PART 2 below, the UFC Prohibited List shall incorporate the most current Prohibited List published by WADA, as well as any WADA Technical Documents establishing decision limits or reporting levels, and, unless otherwise modified by the UFC Prohibited List or the UFC Anti-Doping Policy, Prohibited Substances, Prohibited Methods, Specified or Non-Specified Substances and Specified or Non-Specified Methods shall be as identified as such on the WADA Prohibited List or WADA Technical Documents. PART 2. Notwithstanding the WADA Prohibited List and any otherwise applicable WADA Technical Documents, the following modifications shall be in full force and effect: 1. Decision Concentration Levels. Adverse Analytical Findings reported at a concentration below the following Decision Concentration Levels shall be managed by USADA as Atypical Findings. • Cannabinoids: natural or synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or Cannabimimetics (e.g., “Spice,” JWH-018, JWH-073, HU-210): any level • Clomiphene: 0.1 ng/mL1 • Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT) long-term metabolite (M3): 0.1 ng/mL • Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): 0.1 ng/mL2 • GW-1516 (GW-501516) metabolites: 0.1 ng/mL • Epitrenbolone (Trenbolone metabolite): 0.2 ng/mL 2. SARMs/GW-1516: Adverse Analytical Findings reported at a concentration at or above the applicable Decision Concentration Level but under 1 ng/mL shall be managed by USADA as Specified Substances. 3. Higenamine: Higenamine shall be a Prohibited Substance under the UFC Anti-Doping Policy only In-Competition (and not Out-of- Competition). -
Part I Biopharmaceuticals
1 Part I Biopharmaceuticals Translational Medicine: Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery First Edition. Edited by Robert A. Meyers. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2018 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 3 1 Analogs and Antagonists of Male Sex Hormones Robert W. Brueggemeier The Ohio State University, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA 1Introduction6 2 Historical 6 3 Endogenous Male Sex Hormones 7 3.1 Occurrence and Physiological Roles 7 3.2 Biosynthesis 8 3.3 Absorption and Distribution 12 3.4 Metabolism 13 3.4.1 Reductive Metabolism 14 3.4.2 Oxidative Metabolism 17 3.5 Mechanism of Action 19 4 Synthetic Androgens 24 4.1 Current Drugs on the Market 24 4.2 Therapeutic Uses and Bioassays 25 4.3 Structure–Activity Relationships for Steroidal Androgens 26 4.3.1 Early Modifications 26 4.3.2 Methylated Derivatives 26 4.3.3 Ester Derivatives 27 4.3.4 Halo Derivatives 27 4.3.5 Other Androgen Derivatives 28 4.3.6 Summary of Structure–Activity Relationships of Steroidal Androgens 28 4.4 Nonsteroidal Androgens, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) 30 4.5 Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism 31 4.6 Toxicities 32 Translational Medicine: Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery First Edition. Edited by Robert A. Meyers. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2018 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. 4 Analogs and Antagonists of Male Sex Hormones 5 Anabolic Agents 32 5.1 Current Drugs on the Market 32 5.2 Therapeutic Uses and Bioassays -
CAS Number Index
2334 CAS Number Index CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name CAS # Page Name 50-00-0 905 Formaldehyde 56-81-5 967 Glycerol 61-90-5 1135 Leucine 50-02-2 596 Dexamethasone 56-85-9 963 Glutamine 62-44-2 1640 Phenacetin 50-06-6 1654 Phenobarbital 57-00-1 514 Creatine 62-46-4 1166 α-Lipoic acid 50-11-3 1288 Metharbital 57-22-7 2229 Vincristine 62-53-3 131 Aniline 50-12-4 1245 Mephenytoin 57-24-9 1950 Strychnine 62-73-7 626 Dichlorvos 50-23-7 1017 Hydrocortisone 57-27-2 1428 Morphine 63-05-8 127 Androstenedione 50-24-8 1739 Prednisolone 57-41-0 1672 Phenytoin 63-25-2 335 Carbaryl 50-29-3 569 DDT 57-42-1 1239 Meperidine 63-75-2 142 Arecoline 50-33-9 1666 Phenylbutazone 57-43-2 108 Amobarbital 64-04-0 1648 Phenethylamine 50-34-0 1770 Propantheline bromide 57-44-3 191 Barbital 64-13-1 1308 p-Methoxyamphetamine 50-35-1 2054 Thalidomide 57-47-6 1683 Physostigmine 64-17-5 784 Ethanol 50-36-2 497 Cocaine 57-53-4 1249 Meprobamate 64-18-6 909 Formic acid 50-37-3 1197 Lysergic acid diethylamide 57-55-6 1782 Propylene glycol 64-77-7 2104 Tolbutamide 50-44-2 1253 6-Mercaptopurine 57-66-9 1751 Probenecid 64-86-8 506 Colchicine 50-47-5 589 Desipramine 57-74-9 398 Chlordane 65-23-6 1802 Pyridoxine 50-48-6 103 Amitriptyline 57-92-1 1947 Streptomycin 65-29-2 931 Gallamine 50-49-7 1053 Imipramine 57-94-3 2179 Tubocurarine chloride 65-45-2 1888 Salicylamide 50-52-2 2071 Thioridazine 57-96-5 1966 Sulfinpyrazone 65-49-6 98 p-Aminosalicylic acid 50-53-3 426 Chlorpromazine 58-00-4 138 Apomorphine 66-76-2 632 Dicumarol 50-55-5 1841 Reserpine 58-05-9 1136 Leucovorin 66-79-5 -
Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid (Boldenone)
Genera of l P l r a a n c r t u i c o e J Kalmanovich et al., J Gen Pract 2014, 2:3 Journal of General Practice DOI: 10.4172/2329-9126.1000153 ISSN: 2329-9126 Case Report Open Access Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid (Boldenone) Abuse as a Cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Eran Kalmanovich*, Sa'ar Minha, Marina Leitman, Zvi Vered and Alex Blatt Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Aviv University, Israel *Corresponding author: Eran Kalmanovich, Department of Cardiology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Tel: +972-50-5191121; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Feb 27, 2014, Accepted date: Mar 27, 2014, Published date: Apr 3, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Kalmanovich E, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Case Presentation At admission 1-year follow up A 34-year old, previously healthy male, presented to the ER with EF% 20% 40% worsening dyspnea over a period of three weeks and the appearance of blood tinged sputum. Soon after presentation, the patient was LA diameter (mm) 3.9 3.8 hypoxemic and required mechanical ventilation. Chest X-ray LA area (cm2) 14.0 20 demonstrated bilateral infiltrates and he was admitted to the ICU with the tentative diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. LVEDD (cm) 6.1 5.6 Investigation by PICCO, Suggested the presence of heart failure were LVESD (cm) 5.1 3.3 and the patient was transferred to the ICCU. -
Enhanced UHPLC-MS/MS Screening of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Following Urine Hydrolysis
MethodsX 7 (2020) 100926 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect MethodsX j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e: w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / m e x Method Article Enhanced UHPLC-MS/MS screening of selective androgen receptor modulators following urine hydrolysis ∗ ∗ Anna Gadaj a,b, , Emiliano Ventura a, , Jim Healy c,d, Francesco Botrè e, Saskia S. Sterk f, Tom Buckley g, Mark H. Mooney a a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom b Chemical and Immunodiagnostic Sciences Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom c Laboratory, Irish Greyhound Board, Limerick Greyhound Stadium, Ireland d Applied Science Department, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Limerick, Ireland e Laboratorio Antidoping, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana, Italy f Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, European Union Reference Laboratory, Wageningen, the Netherlands g Irish Diagnostic Laboratory Services Ltd., Johnstown, W91 RH93, Co. Kildare, Ireland a b s t r a c t Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) represent non-steroidal agents commonly abused in human and animal (i.e. equine, canine) sports, with potential for further misuse as growth promoting agents in livestock- based farming. As a direct response to the real and possible implications of illicit application in both sport as well as food production systems, this study incorporated enzymatic hydrolysis ( β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase) into a previously established protocol while maintaining the minimal volume (200 μL) of urine sample required to detect SARMs encompassing various pharmacophores in urine from a range of species (i.e. -
Steroid Abuse by School Age Children
epartment .D of .S Ju U s t ic U.S. Department of Justice e . n o i Drug Enforcement Administration t a r t is D in Office of Diversion Control r m ug d E t A nforcemen www.dea.gov www.DEAdiversion.usdoj.gov epartment .D of .S Ju U s t ic e . n o i t a r t is D in r m ug d E t A nforcemen Office of Diversion Control www.dea.gov STEROID ABUSE BY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN nce viewed as a problem strictly associated with body builders, Ofitness “buffs,” and professional athletes, abuse of anabolic steroids by school age children has significantly increased over the past decade. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) estimates that more than a half million 8th and 10th grade students are now using these dangerous drugs, and increasing numbers of high school seniors do not believe steroids are risky. Students are acquiring and taking anabolic steroids without any knowledge of the dangers associated with steroid abuse. The short- term adverse physical effects of anabolic steroid abuse are fairly well known. However, the long-term adverse physical effects of anabolic steroid abuse have not been studied, and as such, are not known. In addition, this type of abuse may result in harmful side-effects as well as serious injury and death. The abuser in most cases is unaware of these hidden dangers. Presented as a public service by: This guide will help you understand why steroids are being misused, Drug Enforcement Administration and how you can provide counseling and implement procedures to Office of Diversion Control educate our youth about the dangers of these drugs. -
Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene Against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats
BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL, VOL. 35, NO. 2: 237-249, DECEMBER , 2018 BENHA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats Sabra H.M., El-Shawarby R.M., Abosalem M., Nabila M. A., Ibrahim S.S. Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. Faculty of Veterinary. Medicine. Benha University. A B S T R A C T Although anabolic androgenic steroids like boldenone (BOL) may increase lean muscle mass, strength, and the ability to train longer and harder, the serious side effects of steroid are many and may not be reversible. So, the present study was designed to investigate the role of lycopene in improving the oxidative stress of boldenone in male albino rats. Twenty eight male adult rats were equally divided into four groups.1st group (control) that received olive oil once a week (5 mg/kg intramuscularly). 2nd group includes rats received lycopene daily (orally, 60mg/kg body weight). 3rd group includes animals that received intramuscular injections of boldenone once a week (5 mg/Kg body weight). 4th group was co-treated with boldenone and lycopene with the same previous doses of both, the experiment extended for 5 weeks. Intramuscular injection of rats with caused significant increase in total weight gain (TWG), serum total protein and globulin, malandialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), total protein in skeletal muscle, when compared with the control group. On the other hand, a significant decrease in albumin, Albumin/Globulin (A\G) ratio and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in boldenone group when compared with the control group.