DOCSLIB.ORG

Amblypygi) Provide Insights Into Arachnid Genome Evolution 3 and Antenniform Leg Patterning 4 5 Guilherme Gainett1, Prashant P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Amblypygi) Provide Insights Into Arachnid Genome Evolution 3 and Antenniform Leg Patterning 4 5 Guilherme Gainett1, Prashant P bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.185769; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Genomic resources and toolkits for developmental study of whip 2 spiders (Amblypygi) provide insights into arachnid genome evolution 3 and antenniform leg patterning 4 5 Guilherme Gainett1, Prashant P. Sharma1 6 7 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 8 53706 9 Correspondence: [email protected] 10 11 Abstract 12 13 Background 14 The resurgence of interest in the comparative developmental study of chelicerates has led to 15 important insights, such as the discovery of a genome duplication shared by spiders and 16 scorpions, inferred to have occurred at the most recent common ancestor of 17 Arachnopulmonata (a clade comprised of the five book lung-bearing arachnid orders). 18 Nonetheless, several arachnid groups remain understudied in the context of development and 19 genomics, such as the order Amblypygi (whip spiders). The phylogenetic position of 20 Amblypygi in Arachnopulmonata posits them as an interesting group to test the incidence of 21 the proposed genome duplication in the common ancestor of Arachnopulmonata, as well as 22 the degree of retention of duplicates over 450 Myr. Moreover, whip spiders have their first 23 pair of walking legs elongated and modified into sensory appendages (a convergence with the 24 antenna of mandibulates), but the genetic patterning of these antenniform legs has never been 25 investigated. 26 27 Results 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.185769; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 28 We established genomic resources and protocols for cultivation of embryos and gene 29 expression assays by in situ hybridization to study the development of the whip spider 30 Phrynus marginemaculatus. Using embryonic transcriptomes from three species of 31 Amblypygi, we show that the ancestral whip spider exhibited duplications of all ten Hox 32 genes. We deploy these resources to show that paralogs of the leg gap genes dachshund and 33 homothorax retain arachnopulmonate-specific expression patterns in P. marginemaculatus. 34 We characterize the expression of leg gap genes Distal-less, dachshund-1/2 and homothorax- 35 1/2 in the embryonic antenniform leg and other appendages, and provide evidence that 36 allometry, and by extension the antenniform leg fate, is specified early in embryogenesis. 37 38 Conclusion 39 This study is the first step in establishing P. marginemaculatus as a model for modern 40 chelicerate evolutionary developmental study, and provides the first resources sampling whip 41 spiders for comparative genomics. Our results suggest that Amblypygi share a genome 42 duplication with spiders and scorpions, and set up a framework to study the genetic 43 specification of antenniform legs. Future efforts to study whip spider development must 44 emphasize the development of tools for functional experiments in P. marginemaculatus. 45 46 Keywords: Arachnida | Arachnopulmonata | gene duplication | paralogs | leg gap genes | 47 sensory biology 48 49 Background 50 51 In the past 25 years, comparative developmental study of chelicerates has resurged with the 52 integration of molecular biology and genomics, spearheaded by developmental genetic 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.185769; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 53 investigations of the spiders Cupiennius salei and Parasteatoda tepidariorum [1-6]. Such 54 works have revealed several important aspects of chelicerate development, such as the 55 molecular mechanism of dorso-ventral axis patterning [3,7-9], segmentation of the prosoma 56 [1,10-13] and opisthosoma [2,13], and specification of prosomal versus opisthosomal fate 57 [14,15]. A few non-spider chelicerate models have also emerged in recent years and provided 58 new perspectives on chelicerate development, such as the horseshoe crab Limulus 59 polyphemus (Xiphosura) [16,17] , the mites Archegozetes longisetosus [18-21] and 60 Tetranychus urticae (Acariformes) [22-24], the tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Parasitiformes) 61 [25], the Arizona bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus (Scorpiones) [26] and the 62 harvestmen Phalangium opilio (Opiliones) [27-30]. Studies in A. longisetosus and C. 63 sculpturatus have suggested that changes in Hox gene number and expression domains are 64 responsible for such phenomena as the reduced segmentation of mites and the supernumerary 65 posterior appendage identities of scorpions [18,26]. 66 67 In addition to the insights into chelicerate development, one of the major recent 68 outcomes of increasing availability of genomic resources in in the group was the discovery of 69 a whole or partial genome duplication in spiders and scorpions. This genome duplication is 70 inferred to trace back to the most recent common ancestor of the recently proposed clade 71 Arachnopulmonata, which includes spiders, scorpions, and three other arachnid orders with 72 book lungs [6,26,31-33]. This duplication event is also inferred to be independent from the 73 multiple rounds of whole genome duplication undergone by horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura) 74 [34,35]. The duplication in spiders and scorpions encompasses several important 75 developmental genes, such as the homeobox family [6,32]. Excitingly, there is increasing 76 evidence of divergent expression and function of paralogs, such as in the case of Hox genes, 77 leg gap genes and Retinal Determination Gene Network homologs [6,26,36-40]. 3 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.185769; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 78 79 Nevertheless, knowledge on the development of several arachnid orders still remains scarce 80 or entirely unexplored in the contexts of embryological study and genomic architecture. One 81 particularly interesting arachnid order whose genomic evolution and developmental biology 82 remains largely unexplored is Amblypygi. Commonly known as whip spiders, Amblypygi 83 comprise approximately 220 described species of nocturnal predators that are distributed 84 primarily in the tropics and subtropics worldwide [41,42]. Amblypygi is part of the clade 85 Pedipalpi (together with the orders Thelyphonida and Schizomida), which in turn is sister 86 group to spiders (Araneae) [31,43-45]. Considering the phylogenetic position of Amblypygi 87 within Arachnopulmonata, a better understanding of Amblypygi genomics is anticipated to 88 facilitate exploration of the evolutionary outcomes of the genome duplication in 89 Arachnopulmonata, and better characterizing the extent to which arachnopulmonate orders 90 retained and specialized the ensuing paralogous genes. Unfortunately, the embryology of the 91 order Amblypygi is known only from the works of Pereyaslawzewa [46], a brief mention in 92 Strubell [47] (“Phrynidae”), Gough [48], and the comprehensive study of Weygoldt [49] in 93 Phrynus marginemaculatus (formerly Tarantula marginemaculata). 94 95 Beyond the interest in their genomic architecture, whip spiders possess a fascinating biology 96 and natural history. Whip spiders are emerging as model organisms in behavioral ecology, 97 learning, and neurophysiology in arachnids [50,51]. Their pedipalps, the second pair of 98 appendages, are robust raptorial devices used for striking prey, including mostly arthropods, 99 and even small vertebrates [41,50,52]. However, their most conspicuous characteristic and 100 namesake is their “whip”, a modified antenniform first walking leg that is not used for 101 locomotion, but instead as a sensory appendage. The antenniform legs are extremely 102 elongated relative to the other leg pairs, and the tibia and tarsus are pseudo-segmented into 4 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.03.185769; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 103 hundreds of articles that harbor an array of chemo-, thermo-, hygro- and mechanoreceptive 104 sensilla [53-55]. The peripheral circuitry of the antenniform legs is complex, exhibiting 105 peripheral synapses and giant neurons which are possibly involved in fast sensory responses 106 [55-57]. The antenniform legs also have been shown to be important for foraging, mating, 107 and intrasexual contests [58,59]. Notably, concentration of sensory structures, elongation and 108 pseudo-segmentation of these legs constitute a striking convergence with the antenna of 109 mandibulate arthropods (Pancrustacea and Myriapoda). Evidence from Hox gene expression 110 and functional experiments support the view that the antenna of mandibulates is positionally 111 homologous to the chelicera of chelicerates (deutocerebral appendage) [21,30]. Despite their 112 different positions along the antero-posterior axis of the body, the serial homology of 113
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha Spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha spiders Klemen Čandek1,6,7, Ingi Agnarsson2,4, Greta J. Binford3 & Matjaž Kuntner 1,4,5,6 Island systems provide excellent arenas to test evolutionary hypotheses pertaining to gene fow and Received: 23 July 2018 diversifcation of dispersal-limited organisms. Here we focus on an orbweaver spider genus Cyrtognatha Accepted: 1 November 2018 (Tetragnathidae) from the Caribbean, with the aims to reconstruct its evolutionary history, examine Published: xx xx xxxx its biogeographic history in the archipelago, and to estimate the timing and route of Caribbean colonization. Specifcally, we test if Cyrtognatha biogeographic history is consistent with an ancient vicariant scenario (the GAARlandia landbridge hypothesis) or overwater dispersal. We reconstructed a species level phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) marker. We then used this topology to constrain a time-calibrated mtDNA phylogeny, for subsequent biogeographical analyses in BioGeoBEARS of over 100 originally sampled Cyrtognatha individuals, using models with and without a founder event parameter. Our results suggest a radiation of Caribbean Cyrtognatha, containing 11 to 14 species that are exclusively single island endemics. Although biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possibly an artifact of sparse outgroup availability, they indicate timing of colonization that is much too recent for GAARlandia to have played a role. Instead, an overwater colonization to the Caribbean in mid-Miocene better explains the data. From Hispaniola, Cyrtognatha subsequently dispersed to, and diversifed on, the other islands of the Greater, and Lesser Antilles. Within the constraints of our island system and data, a model that omits the founder event parameter from biogeographic analysis is less suitable than the equivalent model with a founder event.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 It's All Geek to Me: Translating Names Of
    IT’S ALL GEEK TO ME: TRANSLATING NAMES OF INSECTARIUM ARTHROPODS Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, O.M.P. U.S. Biological and Geological Survey of the Territories Central Post Office, Denver City, Colorado Territory [or Year 2016 c/o Kallima Consultants, Inc., PO Box 33084, Northglenn, CO 80233-0084] ABSTRACT Kids today! Why don’t they know the basics of Greek and Latin? Either they don’t pay attention in class, or in many cases schools just don’t teach these classic languages of science anymore. For those who are Latin and Greek-challenged, noted (fictional) Victorian entomologist and explorer, Prof. J. Phineas Michaelson, will present English translations of the scientific names that have been given to some of the popular common arthropods available for public exhibits. This paper will explore how species get their names, as well as a brief look at some of the naturalists that named them. INTRODUCTION Our education system just isn’t what it used to be. Classic languages such as Latin and Greek are no longer a part of standard curriculum. Unfortunately, this puts modern students of science at somewhat of a disadvantage compared to our predecessors when it comes to scientific names. In the insectarium world, Latin and Greek names are used for the arthropods that we display, but for most young entomologists, these words are just a challenge to pronounce and lack meaning. Working with arthropods, we all know that Entomology is the study of these animals. Sounding similar but totally different, Etymology is the study of the origin of words, and the history of word meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Variation in the Thermal Biology of a Widespread Sonoran Desert Arachnid, Centruroides Sculpturatus (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
    Journal of Arid Environments 121 (2015) 40e42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Short communication Geographic variation in the thermal biology of a widespread Sonoran Desert arachnid, Centruroides sculpturatus (Arachnida: Scorpiones) * Michael M. Webber a, , Robert W. Bryson Jr. b a School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA b Department of Biology & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA article info abstract Article history: Environmental temperatures can significantly influence the behavior and physiology of terrestrial ec- Received 20 November 2014 totherms. Small-bodied terrestrial ectotherms can moderate their body temperatures behaviorally via Received in revised form thermoregulation; however, favorable thermal refuges may be limited across heterogeneous landscapes. 21 January 2015 In such cases, differences in the thermal environment may generate variation in preferred body tem- Accepted 27 April 2015 peratures among disparate populations. We tested whether geographic variation in preferred body Available online temperatures existed for the Arizona bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, an arachnid widely distributed across the Sonoran Desert. We predicted that geographic variation in thermal preference Keywords: Thermal preference would exist between populations from a xeric, low-elevation site in western Arizona (Quartzsite) and a ~ Geographic variation cooler, high-elevation site in eastern Arizona (Pinaleno Mountains). We found that scorpions from the ~ Scorpions Pinaleno Mountains were smaller in body size and exhibited significantly warmer diurnal body tem- peratures compared to scorpions from Quartzsite. However, no significant difference was detected in the preferred nocturnal temperatures of scorpions from either locality.
    [Show full text]
  • Homeowner Guide to Scorpions and Their Relatives
    HOMEOWNER Guide to by Edward John Bechinski, Dennis J. Schotzko, and Craig R. Baird CIS 1168 Scorpions and their relatives “Arachnid” is the scientific classification category for all eight-legged relatives of insects. Spiders are the biggest group of arachnids, with nearly 3800 species known from the U.S and Canada. But the arachnid category includes other types of eight-legged creatures that sometime cause concern. Some of Idaho’s non-spider arachnids – such as scorpions -- pose potential threats to human health. Two related non-spider arachnids – sun scorpions and pseudoscorpions – look fearsome but are entirely harmless. This publication will help you identify these three groups and understand the threats they pose. All three of these groups almost always are seen as lone individuals that do not require any control. Scorpions IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGY FLUORESCENT SCORPIONS Scorpions are easily identified by their claw-like pincers at the The bodies of some scorpions – normally pale tan to darker red-brown – front of the head and their thin, many-segmented abdomen that glow yellow-green when exposed to ultraviolet light. Even fossils millions ends in an enlarged bulb with a curved sting at the tip (figure 1). of years old fluoresce under ultraviolet light. Sun spiders similarly glow yel- Five species ranging in size from 2 to 7 inches long occur in low-green under UV light. Idaho. Scorpions primarily occur in the sagebrush desert of the southern half of Idaho, but one species – the northern scorpion (Paruroctonus boreus)– occurs as far north as Lewiston, along the Snake River canyon of north-central Idaho.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator Of
    INGI AGNARSSON PH.D. Howard Associate Professor of Natural History and Curator of Invertebrates, Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405-0086 E-mail: [email protected]; Web: http://theridiidae.com/ and http://www.islandbiogeography.org/; Phone: (+1) 802-656-0460 CURRICULUM VITAE SUMMARY PhD: 2004. #Pubs: 138. G-Scholar-H: 42; i10: 103; citations: 6173. New species: 74. Grants: >$2,500,000. PERSONAL Born: Reykjavík, Iceland, 11 January 1971 Citizenship: Icelandic Languages: (speak/read) – Icelandic, English, Spanish; (read) – Danish; (basic) – German PREPARATION University of Akron, Akron, 2007-2008, Postdoctoral researcher. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 2005-2007, Postdoctoral researcher. George Washington University, Washington DC, 1998-2004, Ph.D. The University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1992-1995, B.Sc. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS University of Vermont, Burlington. 2016-present, Associate Professor. University of Vermont, Burlington, 2012-2016, Assistant Professor. University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 2008-2012, Assistant Professor. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 2004-2007, 2010- present. Research Associate. Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Adjunct Professor. 2016-present. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavík, 1995-1998. Researcher (Icelandic invertebrates). Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 1993-1994. Research Assistant (rocky shore ecology). GRANTS Institute of Museum and Library Services (MA-30-19-0642-19), 2019-2021, co-PI ($222,010). Museums for America Award for infrastructure and staff salaries. National Geographic Society (WW-203R-17), 2017-2020, PI ($30,000). Caribbean Caves as biodiversity drivers and natural units for conservation. National Science Foundation (IOS-1656460), 2017-2021: one of four PIs (total award $903,385 thereof $128,259 to UVM).
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus Giganteus Giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H
    EENY493 Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H. Kern and Ralph E. Mitchell2 Introduction shrimp can deliver to an unsuspecting finger during sorting of the shrimp from the by-catch. The only whip scorpion found in the United States is the giant whip scorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas). The giant whip scorpion is also known as the ‘vinegaroon’ or ‘grampus’ in some local regions where they occur. To encounter a giant whip scorpion for the first time can be an alarming experience! What seems like a miniature monster from a horror movie is really a fairly benign creature. While called a scorpion, this arachnid has neither the venom-filled stinger found in scorpions nor the venomous bite found in some spiders. One very distinct and curious feature of whip scorpions is its long thin caudal appendage, which is directly related to their common name “whip-scorpion.” The common name ‘vinegaroon’ is related to their ability to give off a spray of concentrated (85%) acetic acid from the base of the whip-like tail. This produces that tell-tale vinegar-like scent. The common name ‘grampus’ may be related to the mantis shrimp, also called the grampus. The mantis shrimp Figure 1. The giant whip scorpion or ‘vingaroon’, Mastigoproctus is a marine crustacean that can deliver a painful wound giganteus giganteus (Lucas). Credits: R. Mitchell, UF/IFAS with its mantis-like, raptorial front legs. Often captured with shrimp during coastal trawling, shrimpers dislike this creature because of the lightning fast slashing cut mantis 1.
    [Show full text]
  • I.—On the Discovery of a New and Very Perfect Arachnide from The
    THE GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. No. EXXXVH—SEPTEMBER, 1871. ABTICLES. I.—ON THE DISCOVERT OF A NEW AND VERY PERFECT AHACHNIDE FROM THE IRONSTONE OE THE DUDLEY COAL-FIELD.1 By HENRY WOODWARD, F.G.S., F.Z.S., of the British Museum. (PLATE XL) rilHE "Pennystone Ironstone" Nodules of the Coalbrook-dale Coal- J_ field have long been celebrated for their fossil contents yielding, when split open, impressions of Fern-leaves, fruits of Lepidodendron, King-crabs, and the more rare remains of Insects. Nor have the similar concretions of the Dudley, Manchester, and Glasgow Coal-fields proved less productive; whilst the recent in- vestigations of Messrs. Meek and Worthen in the Coal-measures of Grundy Co., Illinois, U.S., have brought to light an even larger series of new and interesting forms. A short time since I was favoured by receiving from E. Hollier, Esq., of Dudley, a series of these nodules containing examples of Bellinurus trilobitoides, and one specimen, which proved upon examina- tion to be a most beautiful and perfect insect inclosed in the centre of a nodule of clay Ironstone, which, happily, had split at exactly the right spot, and, what is not a little singular, has exposed two entire views—one of the upper or dorsal surface (Plate XI. Pig. 1), the other of the under and ventral aspect (Plate XL Fig. 2)—of the very same insect, each view being as nearly perfect as it is possible to conceive. Turning to " Buckland's Bridgewater Treatise," I at once identified Mr. Hollier's beautiful specimen with an insect figured on pi.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Fossil Whip Spiders Russell J
    Garwood et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:105 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders Russell J. Garwood1,2*, Jason A. Dunlop3, Brian J. Knecht4 and Thomas A. Hegna4 Abstract Background: Arachnids are a highly successful group of land-dwelling arthropods. They are major contributors to modern terrestrial ecosystems, and have a deep evolutionary history. Whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi), are one of the smaller arachnid orders with ca. 190 living species. Here we restudy one of the oldest fossil representatives of the group, Graeophonus anglicus Pocock, 1911 from the Late Carboniferous (Duckmantian, ca. 315 Ma) British Middle Coal Measures of the West Midlands, UK. Using X-ray microtomography, our principal aim was to resolve details of the limbs and mouthparts which would allow us to test whether this fossil belongs in the extant, relict family Paracharontidae; represented today by a single, blind species Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921. Results: Tomography reveals several novel and significant character states for G. anglicus; most notably in the chelicerae, pedipalps and walking legs. These allowed it to be scored into a phylogenetic analysis together with the recently described Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from the Eocene (ca. 52 Ma) Cambay amber, and Kronocharon prendinii Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from Cretaceous (ca. 99 Ma) Burmese amber. We recovered relationships of the form ((Graeophonus (Paracharonopsis + Paracharon)) + (Charinus (Stygophrynus (Kronocharon (Charon (Musicodamon + Paraphrynus)))))). This tree largely reflects Peter Weygoldt’s 1996 classification with its basic split into Paleoamblypygi and Euamblypygi lineages; we were able to score several of his characters for the first time in fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • Geological History and Phylogeny of Chelicerata
    Arthropod Structure & Development 39 (2010) 124–142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Review Article Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata Jason A. Dunlop* Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany article info abstract Article history: Chelicerata probably appeared during the Cambrian period. Their precise origins remain unclear, but may Received 1 December 2009 lie among the so-called great appendage arthropods. By the late Cambrian there is evidence for both Accepted 13 January 2010 Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata. Relationships between the principal euchelicerate lineages are unre- solved, but Xiphosura, Eurypterida and Chasmataspidida (the last two extinct), are all known as body Keywords: fossils from the Ordovician. The fourth group, Arachnida, was found monophyletic in most recent studies. Arachnida Arachnids are known unequivocally from the Silurian (a putative Ordovician mite remains controversial), Fossil record and the balance of evidence favours a common, terrestrial ancestor. Recent work recognises four prin- Phylogeny Evolutionary tree cipal arachnid clades: Stethostomata, Haplocnemata, Acaromorpha and Pantetrapulmonata, of which the pantetrapulmonates (spiders and their relatives) are probably the most robust grouping. Stethostomata includes Scorpiones (Silurian–Recent) and Opiliones (Devonian–Recent), while
    [Show full text]
  • By Heterophrynus Sp. (Arachnida, Phrynidae) in a Cave in the Chapada Das Mesas National Park, State of Maranhão, Brazil
    Crossref 10 ANOS Similarity Check Powered by iThenticate SCIENTIFIC NOTE DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v10n1p49-52 Predation of Tropidurus oreadicus (Reptilia, Tropiduridae) by Heterophrynus sp. (Arachnida, Phrynidae) in a cave in the Chapada das Mesas National Park, state of Maranhão, Brazil Fábio Antônio de Oliveira1, Gabriel de Avila Batista2, Karla Dayane de Lima Pereira3, Lucas Gabriel Machado Frota4, Victoria Sousa5, Layla Simone dos Santos Cruz6, Karll Cavalcante Pinto7 1. Biólogo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Doutorando em Geologia (Universidade de Brasília, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/6651314736341253 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-6339 2. Biólogo (Anhanguera Educacional, Brasil). Doutorando em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado (Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/1131941234593219 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-2591 3. Bióloga (Anhanguera Educacional, Brasil). Mestranda em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado (Instituto Federal Goiano, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/4328373742442270 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8948 4. Biólogo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Analista Ambiental da Biota Projetos e Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Brasil. [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/7083829373324504 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-9480 5. Bióloga (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Mestranda em Ecologia e Evolução (Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/0747140109675656 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5698 6. Bióloga (Centro Universitário de Goiás, Brasil). Especialista em Perícia, Auditoria e Gestão Ambiental (Instituto de Especialização e Pós-Graduação (IEPG)/Faculdade Oswaldo Cruz, Brasil).
    [Show full text]
  • (Amblypygi) Provide Insights Into Arachnid Genome Evolution and Antenniform Leg Patterning Guilherme Gainett* and Prashant P
    Gainett and Sharma EvoDevo (2020) 11:18 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13227-020-00163-w EvoDevo RESEARCH Open Access Genomic resources and toolkits for developmental study of whip spiders (Amblypygi) provide insights into arachnid genome evolution and antenniform leg patterning Guilherme Gainett* and Prashant P. Sharma Abstract Background: The resurgence of interest in the comparative developmental study of chelicerates has led to important insights, such as the discovery of a genome duplication shared by spiders and scorpions, inferred to have occurred in the most recent common ancestor of Arachnopulmonata (a clade comprising the fve arachnid orders that bear book lungs). Nonetheless, several arachnid groups remain understudied in the context of develop- ment and genomics, such as the order Amblypygi (whip spiders). The phylogenetic position of Amblypygi in Arach- nopulmonata posits them as an interesting group to test the incidence of the proposed genome duplication in the common ancestor of Arachnopulmonata, as well as the degree of retention of duplicates over 450 Myr. Moreover, whip spiders have their frst pair of walking legs elongated and modifed into sensory appendages (a conver- gence with the antennae of mandibulates), but the genetic patterning of these antenniform legs has never been investigated. Results: We established genomic resources and protocols for cultivation of embryos and gene expression assays by in situ hybridization to study the development of the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus. Using embryonic tran- scriptomes from three species of Amblypygi, we show that the ancestral whip spider exhibited duplications of all ten Hox genes. We deploy these resources to show that paralogs of the leg gap genes dachshund and homothorax retain arachnopulmonate-specifc expression patterns in P.
    [Show full text]
  • Tactile Learning by a Whip Spider, <I>Phrynus Marginemaculatus</I
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Eileen Hebets Publications Papers in the Biological Sciences 4-2009 Tactile learning by a whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus C. L. Koch (Arachnida, Amblypygi) Roger D. Santer University of Limerick, Ireland, [email protected] Eileen Hebets University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons Santer, Roger D. and Hebets, Eileen, "Tactile learning by a whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus C. L. Koch (Arachnida, Amblypygi)" (2009). Eileen Hebets Publications. 47. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihebets/47 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eileen Hebets Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 195:4 (April 2009), pp. 393-399; doi: 10.1007/s00359-009-0417-8 Copyright © Springer-Verlag 2009. Used by permission. Submitted October 27, 2008; revised January 12, 2009; accepted January 16, 2009; published online February 7, 2009. Tactile learning by a whip spider, Phrynus marginemaculatus C. L. Koch (Arachnida, Amblypygi) Roger D. Santer1, 2 and Eileen A. Hebets1 1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA 2. Department of Life Sciences, Schrödinger Building, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland Corresponding author — Roger D. Santer, email [email protected] Abstract The ability of animals to learn and remember underpins many behavioral actions and can be crucial for survival in certain contexts, for example in finding and recognizing a habitual refuge.
    [Show full text]