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ARKITEKTEN ERNST TORULF Ett Västsvenskt Perspektiv På Det Tidiga 1900-Talets Svenska Arkitektur

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ARKITEKTEN ERNST TORULF Ett Västsvenskt Perspektiv På Det Tidiga 1900-Talets Svenska Arkitektur INSTITUTIONEN FÖR KULTURVÅRD ARKITEKTEN ERNST TORULF Ett västsvenskt perspektiv på det tidiga 1900-talets svenska arkitektur Simon Wærn Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie masterexamen med huvudområdet kulturvård 2019, 60 hp Avancerad nivå 2019:32 ARKITEKTEN ERNST TORULF Ett västsvenskt perspektiv på det tidiga 1900-talets svenska arkitektur Simon Wærn Handledare: Henrik Ranby Examensarbete för Masterexamen, 60 hp Kulturvård GÖTEBORGS UNIVERSITET ISSN 1101-3303 Institutionen för kulturvård ISRN GU/KUV—19/32—SE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG http://www.conservation.gu.se Department of Conservation Fax +46 31 7864703 P.O. Box 130 Tel +46 31 7864700 SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden Master’s Program in Conservation, 120 ects Author: Simon Wærn Supervisor: Henrik Ranby Title: Ernst Torulf: architect – a west Swedish perspective on early 20th century Swedish architecture ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyse the life and work of the Swedish architect Ernst Torulf (1872-1936). The study attempts to answer questions related to Torulf’s architecture, his ideology and sources of inspiration, analyse the connection between his professional career and personal life, and place his work into a wider historical context. All in all, the study seeks to create a broad and nuanced portrait of an architect and his architecture. Ernst Torulf was one of the most prominent Swedish architects of his time. His architectural production was broad in character in extensive in scope. His work spanned over a long time period as well as over a relatively large geographical area. His main base of work was Western Sweden and the city of Gothenburg, where he for over three decades in many ways played a dominant role. Torulf, along with several other architects of his time who mainly worked in regions away from the Swedish capital, has not yet received a given place in the history of Swedish architecture and his work remain largely unexplored. Seeing as Torulf, through his establishment in Gothenburg, chose a different career path than several of his elite architect colleagues in Stockholm, he breaks with the established Swedish architectural canon. A canon where almost all important architectural development in Sweden is attributed to the capital and its architecture. This thesis seeks to present the early 20th century architecture of Sweden from a west Swedish perspective. The common features of Torulf's architecture are clearly distinguishable. During his 40-year career, he smoothly adapted his architecture to the various shifts in style that occurred. From the eclectic medievalism of the 1890’s, through the national romanticism of the early 1900’s and the subsequent neoclassicism, to the early modernism of the 1930’s. The essential architectural features however, remained the same throughout his long career. Modest and rationally designed buildings, mostly of brick and granite, in which the architectural emphasises were firmly placed on the buildings' powerful, disciplined volumes and the inherent qualities of the building materials used. Torulf’s buildings are thus representative of a modern architecture firmly rooted in classical convention and traditional handicraft. Title in original language: Arkitekten Ernst Torulf – ett västsvenskt perspektiv på det tidiga 1900-talets svenska arkitektur Language of text: Swedish Number of pages: 232 Keywords: Swedish architecture, National romanticism, Nordic classicism, functionalism, early 1900’s, Gothenburg ISSN 1101-3303 ISRN GU/KUV—19/32—SE Ernst Torulf (1872-1936) Innehållsförteckning Kapitel 1. Inledning ................................................................................................................................ 9 Presentation och bakgrund ..................................................................................................................... 9 Syfte och frågeställningar ...................................................................................................................... 10 Forskningsläge ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Det tidiga 1900-talets arkitektur och arkitektroll .......................................................................... 10 Arkitektur i Göteborg och Västsverige .......................................................................................... 11 Ernst Torulf i tidigare forskning ..................................................................................................... 11 Avgränsningar ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Teoretiska utgångspunkter ................................................................................................................... 13 Metod och källmaterial .......................................................................................................................... 14 Disposition .............................................................................................................................................. 17 Kapitel 2. En levnadsteckning ........................................................................................................ 18 Uppväxt på Falbygden .......................................................................................................................... 18 Tidiga studier och yrkesval ................................................................................................................... 20 Vid Konstakademiens arkitekturskola ................................................................................................ 23 Tidig praktik och arbete ........................................................................................................................ 29 Arkitektverksamhet i Stockholm och kompanjonskap med Erik Hahr ........................................ 31 Arkitektverksamhet i Göteborg och kompanjonskap med Ivar Tengbom ................................... 35 Självständig arkitekt i Göteborg........................................................................................................... 39 E. Torulfs arkitektbyrå – organisation, arbetskultur och ekonomi................................................. 44 De många uppdragens och engagemangens man ............................................................................. 50 Den privata sfären – mannen bakom yrkesrollen ............................................................................. 55 Banan sluts – bortgången vintern 1936 .............................................................................................. 59 Kapitel 3. Ernst Torulfs studieresor vid sekelskiftet 1900 ................................................... 61 Den stora studieresans bakgrund – syfte, resmål och finansiering ................................................. 61 Ernst Torulfs studieresa 1899-1900 .................................................................................................... 63 I London och Oxfordshire .............................................................................................................. 65 På stålhäst runt Frankrike ................................................................................................................ 68 Över Jylland, Fyn och Själland – Danmarksresan sommaren 1903 ............................................... 85 Konklusioner .......................................................................................................................................... 88 Kapitel 4. Ernst Torulfs arkitektur – en verkpresentation .................................................. 90 Introduktion ........................................................................................................................................... 90 Om presentationens upplägg ........................................................................................................... 90 Offentliga arbeten och byggnadsverk ................................................................................................. 90 Kommunaltekniska byggnader och diverse allmännyttiga anläggningar ................................... 90 Bank-, post- och telegrafhus .......................................................................................................... 101 Skolbyggnader .................................................................................................................................. 119 Sjukhus .............................................................................................................................................. 138 Kyrkor och samlingslokaler ........................................................................................................... 147 Rådhus, hotell, museibyggnader och övriga offentliga byggnadsverk ..................................... 155 Bostadshus samt kommersiella och industrirelaterade byggnader ................................................ 173 Villor, mangårdsbyggnader, arbetarbostäder och småhus ......................................................... 173 Flerbostadshus, affärs- och kontorshus samt övriga kommersiella byggnader ...................... 188 Arkitektkonsortiet Ares – Götaplatsen och Jubileumsutställningen i Göteborg ....................... 193 Kapitel 5. Arkitekten Ernst Torulf – en sammanfattande diskussion ......................... 206 Arkitekturen .........................................................................................................................................
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